2025年中考英语热点考点训练+热点七+自然灾害（含解析）

热点七 自然灾害——中考英语热点考点训练
热点聚焦
一、热点解析
自然灾害热点主要集中在常见自然灾害事件及其应对措施上。命题倾向于结合时事，让学生了解自然灾害对人类社会造成的危害，如人员伤亡、财产损失、基础设施破坏等，同时强调面对灾害时人类的应对方式和自我保护方法，体现了对学生生存技能和安全意识培养的重视，也引导学生关注社会热点和全球问题，培养人文关怀和全球视野。
二、考查角度
细节理解：考查学生对自然灾害具体信息的获取能力，如龙卷风的移动速度、洪涝灾害的影响范围等。
写作：要求学生描述某一次具体的自然灾害经历或事件；针对某种自然灾害，写出在灾害发生时或发生后如何进行自我保护和应对的建议，如就如何在暴风雨中保护自身安全提出建议。
三、备考建议
词汇积累：牢记常见自然灾害的英语词汇，如 “typhoon”“hurricane”“lightning”“storm” 等，同时掌握相关的描述性词汇和短语，如 “heavy rain”“strong wind”“power cut”等，以及与应对灾害相关的词汇。
阅读训练：阅读关于自然灾害的英语文章，包括新闻报道、科普文章等，提高阅读理解能力，熟悉不同类型文章的结构和表达方式，同时积累相关话题的背景知识。
针对训练
阅读理解
House fires often happen. So it appears necessary to learn something useful to protect family from them. The following poster in the neighborhood will tell you how to do it.
Fire Safety
Put a smoke alarm in your house and test it every month. Half of all house fire deaths happen between 11 p.m. and 7 a.m. The risk of dying in a house fire is cut in half with working smoke alarms.
Make sure your hearing aid, wheelchair or eyeglasses are next to your bed. Fire can spread through a house soon. You may have as little as two minutes to escape (逃离) safely. Be ready to act at once.
Create a fire escape plan. 77% of families don’t have a house fire escape plan to follow. That’s one of the reasons why at least one child dies and 293 children are injured in a house fire every day.
Don’t call 119 until you are safely outside. During a fire, the first thing to do is to get out of the house as fast as you can.
1. ______ makes the risk of dying in a house fire smaller.
A. A smoke alarm
B. A pair of eyeglasses
C. A wheelchair
2. We may have only ______ to escape from a house fire safely.
A. half an hour B. 2 minutes C. 293 seconds
3. According to the poster, ______ can help save you from a house fire.
A. stopping the fire from spreading
B. making and following a plan to escape
C. keeping awake between 11 p.m. and 7 a.m.
4. Call 119 for help ______.
A. after you reach safety
B. as soon as you are ready to escape
C. when you find out what causes the house fire
5. The poster is put up in the neighborhood to help people learn to ______.
A. plan their lives as they wish
B. save time as much as possible
C. protect themselves in a right way
Nature can be beautiful, but it can also be dangerous. Taking wildfires as an example. More and more wildfires are burning recently. In the past few years, they have burned millions of hectares (公顷) of land. Since 2023, Canada has experienced over 6 100 wildfires, with a total area of 164 000 square meters burned by wildfires.
Why do wildfires happen Natural factors (因素) such as lightning and high heat can cause wildfires, but four fifths of wildfires are caused by humans. Once a wildfire starts, it will burn anything along the path, such as trees and buildings. Dry weather and strong winds contribute to the spread of wildfires, and their spread speed is very fast, reaching up to 23 kilometers per hour.
So, what should you do to prevent wildfires from happening Firstly, be careful when you are outdoors. Follow fire safety rules in parks and public areas, especially when you are camping. If you are starting a fire outdoors, make sure to completely put it out later. Even though you are very careful, you should be prepared for wildfires.
Wildfires may be scary, but do you know they can actually help forests The fire can kill sick plants and harmful insects. Some animals perform better in areas damaged by wildfires. When trees are burnt down by wildfires, the sunlight will reach the forest floor and help young seedlings (幼苗) grow into new plants.
Wildfires are very dangerous and can cause damage. But they are also a part of the natural world and are good for forests. Therefore, we cannot simply regard them as disasters, and we should consider them properly.
6. How does the writer lead into the topic at the beginning of the text
A. By telling a story. B. By asking a question.
C. By listing numbers. D. By giving an example.
7. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2
A. Lightning. B. High heat. C. The wildfire. D. Dry weather.
8. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Places that wildfires happen.
B. The reasons causing wildfires.
C. Ways to prevent wildfires.
D. The bad results that wildfires bring.
9. What should you do to prevent wildfires from happening
①Help plant more trees
②Follow fire safety rules
③Put out fires completely
④Be prepared for wildfires
A. ①②③ B. ①②④
C. ①③④ D. ②③④
10. What’s the best title for the text
A. How dangerous wildfires are
B. Consider wildfires in a proper way
C. What wildfires bring to people
D. Wildfires in Canada
Thousands of earthquakes happen every day, causing serious damage (伤害). Here are some tips on how to stay safe in earthquakes.
If you are indoors
Take cover under a strong desk, table, or bench, or against an inside wall. If there is no desk or table near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch (俯身) in an inside corner of the building.
Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Most injuries during earthquakes occur when people are hit by falling objects while entering or leaving buildings.
Be aware that electricity may go out or that sprinkler systems (自动喷淋装置) or fire alarms may turn on. Do not use elevators.
If you are outdoors
Stay there Move away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and utility wires (电线电缆).
If you are in a moving car
Stop as quickly as possible, pull to the side of the road, and stay in the car. Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses (立交桥), and utility wires. Do not attempt to drive across bridges or overpasses that have been damaged.
If you are trapped under debris (被困废墟下)
Do not light a match. Do not move about or kick up dust (粉尘). Cover your mouth with a handkerchief (手帕) or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so that rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Shout only as a last resort (最后一招)—shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.
11. How is the passage organized
A. In order of time. B. In order of places.
C. In order of importance. D. In order of danger.
12. Where should you hide if you are indoors during an earthquake
A. In the garden. B. Under a strong desk.
C. In an elevator. D. On the street.
13. The underlined word “occur” in paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A. happen B. end C. find D. go
14. Which of the following is TRUE about earthquakes
A. Earthquakes only happen at night.
B. Earthquakes never cause serious damage.
C. Thousands of earthquakes happen every day.
D. Earthquakes are caused by humans.
15. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To describe the causes of earthquakes.
B. To predict when the next earthquake will happen.
C. To advise how to stay safe during earthquakes.
D. To discuss the damage of earthquakes.
In China, safety education is becoming more and more important now. The last Monday in March is for students to learn it at school. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe. What are the accidents at school Take a look.
Stampedes(踩踏), earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school.
A stampede always happens in crowded places. When students around you begin to push, just stand there and try to hold something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your hands around.
When earthquake happen, you can get under a desk quickly and hold on. It will protect you from falling things. If you are outdoors, find a place away from buildings, trees and power lines.
When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly. It’s better to put something wet over your mouth and nose. In this way, you won’t breath in smoke. Many people die in the fire, not because of the fire but smoke. It makes them cough and they can’t breathe. That’s very dangerous! So when you want to get out, you should make yourself close to the floor. Then you can breathe some fresh air.
16. You shouldn’t ________ when stampedes happens.
A. stand there and try to hold onto something
B. push the students around you and leave the classroom quickly
C. protect your your head when falling down
D. move to one side
17. When earthquakes happen, you can ________.
A. sit under the trees
B. put something wet over your mouth
C. get under the desk quickly
D. find a place to hide in the buildings when you are outdoors
18. What does the underline word “It” refer to
A. The fire. B. The smoke. C. The air. D. The accident
19. What’s the best title of this passage
A. School Safety Education
B. The importance of School Safety Education
C. Accidents at School
D. How to Be Safe in Accidents
An old saying used for forecasting(预测)the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors(水手)take warning. ” Is the saying true It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.
Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance(提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.
If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure(压力)usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers-their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing Are they moving to higher ground This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day!
20. What is the old saying about
A. The beauty of sunrise. B. The night sky.
C. The signs of the weather. D. The sailors’ work.
21. What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean
A. The persons who give daily weather reports on TV.
B. The persons who carry out research on natural history.
C. The persons who take an interest in plants and animals.
D. The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions.
22. How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2
A. By listing the reasons for terrible weather.
B. By telling a true story about weather forecasting.
C. By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather.
D. By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather.
23. What do we know from the last paragraph
A. It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places.
B. The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air.
C. Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure.
D. It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise.
24. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text
A. To encourage people to get close to nature.
B. To express the need for weather forecasting.
C. To explain nature can tell us about the weather.
D. To discuss how important weather forecasting is.
One day, three of my friends came to our house.
They told me they wanted to go to Africa. They asked me if I wanted to go with them. I said, “Yes, I want to go with you.”
We started to prepare all the necessary things for the journey. Soon we were ready to go. I said goodbye to my wife and we started our journey. Our plan was to be back in two months.
We left Brazil on the first of September, 1655. Our ship was very big but we were only seventeen men. The ship was full of things for business. We had cups, glass, mirrors, knives and other products.
At the beginning of our journey the weather was very good, but very hot. In one week, a hurricane(飓风) came and it was threatening our ship for the next twelve days. After the hurricane passed, we saw we went quite far from our original(原来的) journey and were instead close to the northern part of Brazil near the Orinoco River. The ship was badly damaged, so we could no longer go to Africa.
The captain wanted us to go back and repair the ship, but I strongly disagreed with him. We went over the maps and decided the best thing to do was to go to Barbados and repair the ship there.
When we started this short trip, a second hurricane came. The next morning one of the sailors cried out, “Land ” and at that moment the ship stopped in shallow(浅的) water. We expected the ship to break apart at any moment because of the strong wind, so we all got into the small boat the ship carried. This was very dangerous because the seventeen of us were crowded in the boat, and it had no sail.
The waves were very big. The wind was extremely strong. The wind pushed us to big rocks. We knew the crash was close.
Suddenly, a huge wave appeared and overturned the boat. I was covered with water and couldn't breathe. I couldn't see the others or the boat. But I saw a little beach between the rocks.
Another wave carried me to the beach. I tried to get up. I tried to go further the sea. I was able to move ten metres up. I was safe. But my arms and legs were very weak. I fell down and I was lying on the beach.
25. Why did the writer and his friends go to Africa
A. To leave their wives. B. To earn some money.
C. To send things to Africa. D. To travel around Africa.
26. What did they do after the first hurricane passed
A. They had to go back to the place where they started.
B. They studied the map and found a new way to Africa.
C. They headed for the nearest place to repair their ship.
D. They lost their way on the sea and gave up their ship.
27. Which is NOT the reason for the boat becoming dangerous
A. Shallow water. B. No sail. C. Crowded men. D. Big waves.
28. Which of the following shows the right order of the event
①The ship changed the direction after the hurricane.
②All the men escaped to the boat but it turned over.
③The writer was washed up on tile beach by a wave.
④The ship left Brazil with seventeen men on board.
⑤The strong wind almost broke the ship into pieces.
A. ④⑤①②③ B. ④①②⑤③
C. ④①⑤②③ D. ④②①⑤③
答案以及解析
阅读理解
1. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据“The risk of dying in a house fire is cut in half with working smoke alarms. ”可知使用烟雾报警器，死于房屋火灾的风险减半。故选A。
2. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据“You may have as little as two minutes to escape (逃离) safely”可知可能只有两分钟的时间安全逃生。故选B。
3. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据“Create a fire escape plan”可知制定消防逃生计划可以帮助你从房屋火灾中获救。故选B。
4. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据“Don't call 119 until you are safely outside”可知在安全离开之前，不要拨打119。故选A。
5. 答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据“So it appears necessary to learn something useful to protect family from them. The following poster in the neighborhood will tell you how to do it. ”可知这张海报是为了帮助人们学习以正确的方式保护自己。故选C。
6. 答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据"Taking wildfires as an example. . . In the past few years, they have burned millions of hectares (公顷) of land. Since 2023, Canada has experienced over 6 100 wildfires, with a total area of 164 000 square meters burned by wildfires. "可知，文章开头通过举例来引出话题，故选D。
7. 答案：C
解析：代词指代题。根据“Once a wildfire starts, it will burn anything along the path, such as trees and buildings. ”可知，一旦发生野火，它会烧毁沿途的任何东西，所以it指的是野火，故选C。
8. 答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据“So, what should you do to prevent wildfires from happening ”可知，第三段介绍了阻止野火的方法，故选C。
9. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据"Follow fire safety rules in parks and public areas, especially when you are camping. If you are starting a fire outdoors, make sure to completely put it out later. Even though you are very careful, you should be prepared for wildfires"可知，应该遵循消防安全规则，完全把火扑灭以及做好应对野火的准备，即②③④，故选D。
10. 答案：B
解析：最佳标题题。根据"Therefore, we cannot simply regard them as disasters, and we should consider them properly"和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了野火的产生原因，其对环境的影响以及如何预防野火的问题，选项B最适合作为标题，故选B。
11. 答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据"If you are indoors"; "If you are outdoors"; "If you are in a moving car"以及“If you are trapped under debris (被困废墟下)”可知，本文是按照地点的顺序组织的。故选B。
12. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据"If you are indoors"中"Take cover under a strong desk, table, or bench, or against an inside wall. "可知，如果地震时你在室内，你应该躲到结实的书桌下。故选B。
13. 答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据“Most injuries during earthquakes occur when people are hit by falling objects while entering or leaving buildings. ”可知，地震中的大多数伤害发生在人们进出建筑物时被落下的物体击中。因此划线单词的意思是“发生”，与happen意思一致。故选A。
14. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据"Thousands of earthquakes happen every day, causing serious damage (伤害). "可知，每天都有成千上万的地震发生，造成严重的破坏。故选C。
15. 答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文以及“Here are some tips on how to stay safe in earthquakes. ”可知，本文主要介绍了一些在地震中保持安全的建议。故选C。
16. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“When students around you begin to push, just stand there and try to hold something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your hands around. (当周围的学生开始推挤时，就站在那里并尽量抓住什么东西。如果你在人群中摔倒了，要移到一边，并用手护住头部)”可知，当踩踏发生时，你不应该做的事情是B选项“推开周围的学生并迅速离开教室”。故选B。
17. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“When earthquake happen, you can get under a desk quickly and hold on. (当地震发生时，你可以迅速躲到桌子下面并抓紧桌子)”可知，当地震发生时，你可以做的事情是C选项“迅速躲到桌子下面”。故选C。
18. 答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Many people die in the fire, not because of the fire but smoke. It makes them cough and they can't breathe. (很多人在火灾中遇难，并不是因为火焰本身，而是因为烟雾。它会导致他们咳嗽并且无法呼吸)”可知，it指的是前文的“smoke”，即烟。故选B。
19. 答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第一段中“In China, safety education is becoming more and more important now. The last Monday in March is for students to learn it at school. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe. (在中国，安全教育现在变得越来越重要。三月份的最后一个星期一被定为学生在学校学习安全教育的日子。这有助于学生们了解更多关于如何保护自己的知识)”可知，文章主要讲述了中国学校安全教育，包括在学校发生踩踏、地震和火灾时的应对措施，因此，最合适的标题是A选项“School Safety Education(学校安全教育)”。故选A。
20. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第1段"A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. "(日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西面天空晴朗。日出时天空变红通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去,所以风暴可能会来临。)可知,日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西方天空晴朗。日出时天空呈红色通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去,因此暴风雨可能即将来临。所以这句谚语是关于天气的迹象,故选C。
21. 答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第2段"But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance(提前). "(但今天,气象学家会提前发送准确的预报。)可知,提前发布准确的预报的应该是气象学家,故选D。
22. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第2段"In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance(提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. "(公元前5世纪,希腊人向水手们发出预报。他们利用自然界的迹象来预测天气。但今天,气象学家会提前发送准确的预报。他们使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并进行预报。飞行员、农民和许多其他人都依赖于这些预测。幸运的是,我们大多数人只需看看智能手机或打开电视就能知道即将到来的天气。)可知,希腊人利用自然界的迹象来预报天气,气象学家使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预测,也可以看一下智能手机或打开电视来了解天气。所以作者在第二段通过介绍不同的天气预报方法展开他的观点,故选C。
23. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第3段"Smell the flowers-their smells are stronger in wet air. "(闻一闻花——它们在潮湿的空气中气味更浓。)可知,闻闻花——它们的气味在潮湿的空气中更强烈。故选B。
24. 答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第1段"A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. " (日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西面天空晴朗。日出时天空变红通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去,所以风暴可能会来临。)等可知本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气,是在解释自然可以告诉我们天气情况。故选C。
25. 答案：B
解析：根据第三段The ship was full of things for business. We had cups, glass, mirrors, knives and other products. (船上装满了商业用品。我们有杯子、玻璃杯、镜子、刀子和其他产品。)可推知他们是去非洲经商赚钱。故选B。
26. 答案：C
解析：(2)根据第五段We went over the maps and decided the best thing to do was to go to Barbados and repair the ship there. (我们查看了地图,决定最好去巴巴多斯岛,在那里修船。)可知他们前往最近的地方修理他们的船。故选C。
27. 答案：A
解析：根据第六段This was very dangerous because the seventeen of us were crowded in the boat, and it had no sail,(这是非常危险的,因为我们十七个人挤在船上,而且船上没有帆。)以及第七段The waves were very big. The wind was extremely strong. (海浪非常大。风非常大。)可知让小船变得危险的原因是没有帆、人很多以及浪很大。水浅不是原因。故选A。
28. 答案：C
解析：根据第三段We left Brazil on the first of September,1655. Our ship was very big but we were only seventeen men. (我们于1655年9月1日离开巴西。我们的船很大,但我们只有17个人。)第四段In one week, a hurricane (飓风)came and it was threatening our ship for the next twelve days. After the hurricane passed, we saw we went quite far from our original(原来的)journey and were instead close to the northern part of Brazil near the Orinoco River. (一周后,一场飓风来了,在接下来的12天里,它威胁着我们的船。飓风过后,我们发现我们已经远离了原定的旅程,而是接近了巴西北部的奥里诺科河附近。)第六段We expected the ship to break apart at any moment because of the strong wind, so we all got into the small boat the ship carried. (我们预料船会因为强风而随时解体,所以我们都上了船上的小船。)第八段Suddenly, a huge wave appeared and overturned the boat,(突然,一个巨浪袭来,掀翻了小船。)第九段Another wave carried me to the beach. (另一个浪头把我带到了海滩。)可知正确的顺序为④①⑤②③。故选C