(共21张PPT)
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
●语法概览
●语法精讲
1．动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语：
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。
We could hear her singing as she ran upstairs.
我们可以听到她边上楼边唱歌。
I saw the kind boy helping the old lady cross the street.
我看见那个善良的男孩在帮助那位老太太过马路。
温馨提示：
在see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略了to的动词不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw him run across the road.
我看到他跑过了公路。(强调整个过程)
I saw him running across the road.
我看见他正跑过公路。(强调正在进行)
(2)表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have, set, keep, leave, get等。
The joke set her crying.
这个玩笑使她哭起来。
The doctor will soon have you walking again.
医生很快就会让你重新走路。
(3)动词-ing形式在with复合结构中的使用。
在with复合结构中，动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语，表示动作“正在进行”或主动关系。
With so many people helping her，she made great progress in English.
有这么多的人帮助她，她的英语取得了很大的进步。
With spring coming on，trees turn green.
春天到了，树变绿了。
温馨提示：
动词-ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：
当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用动词-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。
We saw him talking to her.
我们看到他正在与她谈话。(正在进行)
I saw him beaten by Tom.
我看到他被汤姆打了。(him与beat是被动关系)
单句语法填空
①They use computers to keep the traffic __________(run) smoothly.
②I felt someone __________(pat) me on the shoulder.
③We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher ________(do) the experiment.
完成句子
④我发现一个可爱的小孩站在门口，静静地看着我。
I ________________________ at the door, looking at me quietly.
running
patting
doing
found a lovely kid standing
2．动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语表示在进行一个动作的同时所进行的另一个动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随。
Walking on the street，I met my English teacher.(时间状语)
走在街上的时候，我遇到了我的英语老师。
Being ill，he couldn't go to school.(原因状语)
因为生病，他不能去上学。
Working hard，you will certainly succeed.(条件状语)
只要刻苦学习，你就会成功。
Meeting with great difficulty，he succeeded at last.(让步状语)
尽管遇到了很大的困难，但他最终还是成功了。
My car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.(结果状语)
我的车遭遇交通堵塞，于是导致了延误。
Travelling by train，we visited a number of cities.(方式状语)
我们坐火车游览了很多城市。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.(伴随状语)
玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。
温馨提示：
▲动词-ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而动词不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用only to do结构，其被动形式为only to be done。
He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
▲当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用动词-ing形式的完成式。
Having finished the letter，he went to post it.
(having finished 是先发生的，went是后发生的)
他写完信后就去邮寄了。
▲使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(动词-ing形式的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(动词-ing形式的主动式)
完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。
▲动词-ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
The trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.
那些树非常高，其中一些高达90多米。
The weather being fine，we went out for a walk.
由于天气好，我们出去散步了。
单句语法填空
①He glanced over at her, _________(note) that though she was tiny，she seemed quite healthy.
②The fire lasted nearly a month, __________(leave) nothing valuable.
③When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，__________
(tell) me stories until I fell asleep.
noting
leaving
telling
翻译句子
④时间允许的话，我们会参观长城。
Time permitting, we will visit the Great Wall.
⑤看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
●语法精练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．_______(see) from the tower, the city looks very beautiful.
2．__________________(prepare) for the exam well enough, he didn't feel nervous.
3．What he said left me ____________(wonder) what was true love for children.
Seen
Having prepared
wondering
4．When he came to himself, he found himself ________(lie) in hospital.
5．The weather ________(be) hot, we had to stay at home.
6．When he saw the pictures, beautiful memories in his childhood came ___________(flood) in.
lying
being
flooding
Ⅱ.语篇填空
Last Sunday, ____________(shop) in the supermarket, I met my friend Jane, who lived in the same community as me.After getting what we wanted, we headed home.On the way back, we saw a big fallen tree _________(lie) on the road.
_______________(consider) it might cause some trouble, we decided to move it away.With some passers-by ___________(help) us, we succeeded in moving it away.__________(see) what we had done, many people applauded warmly.
1.shopping
2.lying
3.Considering
4.helping
5.SeeingUNIT 2 Section Ⅱ
夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Being patient is one of his virtues (virtue)．
2．The statistics are a clear illustration (illustrate) of the point I am trying to make.
3．I'd like to make a complaint (complain) about the book I bought in your shop.
4．Tom studied hard and was willing to help others.Therefore，he was elected (elect) as our monitor.
5．The company's rejection (reject) made him disappointed.However，he didn't give up and decided to try again.
6． Hearing (hear) that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr Johnson hurried to the hospital.
7．During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying (worry) about him.
8．I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not wanting (want) to be heard.
9．He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone knocking (knock) at his door.
10．All of us watched the hunter bringing (bring) down the dangerous bear.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Young women are in the/a majority (占大多数) in the fashion industry.
2．My confidence, together with the skills you taught me, carried me through exams (帮助我通过了考试)．
3． In response to (为了回应) the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
4．I have a tendency (倾向于) to talk too much when I'm nervous.
5．In the face of disasters, nothing is more precious than (没有什么比……更宝贵的了) human lives and nothing is more urgent than (没有什么比……更迫切的了) saving lives.
6． Hearing the thrilling news (听到这个令人激动的消息), he jumped with joy.
7． Being so excited (由于非常激动), he couldn't go to sleep that night.
Ⅲ.用动词-ing形式完成语段
Mary Smith looked at the beautiful ripe plums(梅子)．They would make lovely jam.After she had finished 1.cooking (cook), she filled all her empty jam jars, 2.leaving (leave) the rest of the jam in the pan.She would put it in the fridge when it was cooler.But just then the telephone rang. 3.Having learned/learnt (learn) that her mother was in hospital after a car accident, Mary picked up her bag and ran out of the house.
Some days later, her husband, John, came home from a business trip.He had been travelling all day and felt like 4.having (have) a drink and a piece of cake. 5.Entering (enter) the kitchen, he saw a pan with a dark red mess inside it.He lifted it up and smelled it.It smelled horrible. 6.Thinking (think) Mary must have forgotten to clean this pan, he poured all the jam into the chicken yard and cleaned the pan.Then 7.feeling (feel) comfortable, he began to eat a piece of cake.
When Mary returned, she noticed the chickens 8.behaving (behave) strangely.They were running round the yard as if they were sick.She saw the dark red mess on the ground and went closer. 9.Seeing (see) a plum stone, she went into the kitchen.Her husband was at the table 10.reading (read) a newspaper.Angrily, Mary rushed up to him shouting “You threw away my jam！” Her husband said, “I'm sorry, but I thought it was porridge going bad in the hot weather.”
Ⅳ.阅读理解
“Serena，don't forget your promise to me that you will mow(割) Mrs Martin's yard this weekend，” said Dad.“Don't let me down.”
Serena was the oldest child in the family, and one of her tasks was to mow their yard.Mrs Martin, their elderly neighbour, was unable to take care of her yard, so Serena's dad had volunteered Serena for this job.Since Mrs Martin's yard was not very big, Serena knew the job would go quickly.However，she still resented her dad's promise.
“Why didn't you ask me first？” Serena had complained.
“Did you ask me first when you volunteered me to be in the school festival last fall？” asked Serena's father.
“Well, no, I didn't ask you first，but you would have done those things anyway.You're always willing to help.”
“I try when I can，” Dad answered.“Serena, we have known Mrs Martin for a very long time.She has often helped our family.Now we can do something for her.Besides, the feeling you get from helping someone makes you wonder who is really helping whom.”
“I don't know, Dad，”said Serena.“The only feeling I get from mowing our yard is tired.”
“Just you wait and see，” said Dad.
After breakfast, Serena made her way to Mrs Martin's yard.She was good at her job and soon had Mrs Martin's yard looking tidy.Mrs Martin came outside with a big glass of orange juice and offered it to her.Serena stopped her work and thankfully enjoyed the drink, while Mrs Martin talked to her about all of the flowers in her yard.Seeing the joy in Mrs Martin's eyes, Serena began to understand how much the yard meant to Mrs Martin.
After finishing her drink, Serena returned to work with a new attitude.A warm feeling began to spread through her body.Her dad was right.It was hard to tell who was helping whom!
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了塞丽娜起初很不情愿给马丁夫人修剪草坪，但是当她认真履行这项工作、认识到院子对马丁夫人的重要性时，才真正明白父亲所说的话：帮助别人其实是在帮助自己。阅读本文有利于增强学生乐于助人的意识。
1．What does the underlined word“resented” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A．Was confused about. B．Welcomed.
C．Was angry about. D．Broke.
解析：C 词义猜测题。根据下文塞丽娜向父亲抱怨为什么不咨询一下她的意见可知，她对父亲的承诺感到生气。故选C。
2．Which of the following can best describe Serena's dad
A．Honest and thankful.
B．Kind and considerate.
C．Brave and determined.
D．Demanding and humorous.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第六段父亲所说的话可推知，父亲很善良，很体贴，能够为他人着想。故选B。
3．How did Serena feel when mowing Mrs Martin's yard after her drink？
A．Surprised. B．Pleased.
C．Annoyed. D．Tired.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，塞丽娜继续修剪草坪时态度发生了改变。她认为父亲说得对，帮助别人就是在帮助自己。由此可推知此时她的内心应是喜悦的。故选B。
4．What can we learn from the text？
A．Serena likes the job of mowing her family's yard.
B．Mrs Martin and Serena did the yard work together.
C．Mrs Martin shared her love for the yard with Serena.
D．Dad volunteered himself to take part in the school festival.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“while Mrs Martin talked to her about...meant to Mrs Martin”可知，马丁太太和塞丽娜分享了她对这处院子的喜爱。故选C。
Ⅴ.七选五
Hollywood (好莱坞) movies are regularly filled with violence.They can be exciting films but sometimes all you want is a little light-hearted entertainment.
So have you heard of Bollywood All singing，all dancing and unrealistic, it is the perfect alternative to normal Hollywood movies.Bollywood is the Indian film industry, based in Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay. 1. Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world.This year the Indian Filmfare Awards, Bollywood's Oscars, turn 64 years old.
The typical Bollywood movie usually has the following ingredients: a cup of romance, a teaspoon of comedy, a dash of international sightseeing, served with a huge slice of singing and dancing.There will also be one brave hero, one beautiful heroine and one baddie (坏人). 2.
Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries. 3. The actors change clothes and locations within a single song.But the audience don't mind.To Indian movie lovers, especially the poor, such films are a gateway to heaven.The films take them to a magical world away from their everyday troubles.The films tell them the impossible is possible and that true love conquers all.
4. Behind the beautiful scenes, Bollywood still emphasizes family values.In most films, if two lovers want to break an arranged marriage, they can't just run away.They must win over their parents.
Bollywood films are decent refreshing replacements for those excessively stimulating Hollywood films. 5. They will take you to a brighter, more cheerful and colorful world, where it's still cool to dance around a tree and sing a love song.
A．There is little mention of politics, poverty and war.
B．Bollywood has gradually won its reputation on the world stage.
C．Bollywood films give the false impression that all the Indians are happy and romantic.
D．Most Chinese school kids have probably never seen an Indian film.
E．The result is a fun-filled musical.
F．Bollywood pays great attention to traditional values.
G．So if you're tired of all that Hollywood action，check out the Bollywood films.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印度宝莱坞电影的特点，如营造理想化、没有日常烦恼的世界。
解析：
1．D 根据该空后的“Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world.”(然而宝莱坞是世界上最大的电影制造商。)中的“Yet”可知，该空的内容与这句话形成对比。D项“大多数中国学生可能从未看过一部印度电影。”可以与之形成对比。故选D。
2．E 本段主要介绍的是宝莱坞电影的构成要素，如浪漫、喜剧、音乐、舞蹈。由此可知，其结果应是一个充满乐趣的音乐剧。故选E。
3．A 根据空前一句“Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries.”可知，宝莱坞电影充满了理想的东西，没有日常的烦恼。再结合本段其他内容可推知，A项“几乎没提到政治、贫穷和战争。”与此处匹配。故选A。
4．F 根据该空后的“Behind the beautiful scenes，Bollywood still emphasizes family values.”可知，本段讲的是宝莱坞电影对传统价值观的关注。故选F。
5．G 空前一句表述宝莱坞电影是那些令人过度兴奋的好莱坞电影中的相当不错的、别具一格的替代品。G项与此处匹配。故选G。
Ⅵ.完形填空
On a summer day, the sun was shining brightly and the hotness was intolerable.All I could 1. was cooling down with my favorite ice cream.So I decided to make a quick trip to the newly opened ice cream store close by for a midday 2. .
I ordered my ice cream and asked the server to 3. two tubs(盒) of chocolate ice cream for my daughter and my husband, which I had 4. to them.While waiting for the ice cream, I was 5. my own ice cream and watching so many people coming in and out of the store.It seemed that they, just like me, could hardly 6. the hotness that day, so they wanted to cool down with ice cream too.
I went to 7. when the ice cream to go was ready. 8. , the cashier had forgotten to bill (将……记入账)the ice cream I had eaten and counted only the ice cream for my daughter and my husband.A few seconds passed by as I 9. between doing what was easy—clearing the bill and 10. , and doing what was right—pointing out the error.I knew if I didn't bring the error in the bill to his notice, my ice cream would be paid from his salary.That moment, my decision was made.I pushed away my 11. and pointed out what he had 12. .He thanked me for 13. him of the error.The others around also praised me for my 14. .The smile on his face made me smile too.
I came out of the ice cream store feeling really good about myself.I knew that day how wonderful it felt to do what was 15. rather than what was easy.
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去冰淇淋店吃冰淇淋，结果收银员算错了账，作者及时指出了他的错误，避免了收银员受到惩罚。这件事让作者感到做正确的事情的感觉更美好。
1．A.hear of B．think of
C．wait for D．apply for
解析：B 考查动词短语。A.hear of听说；B.think of想起，想到；C.wait for等待；D.apply for申请。根据后文“So I decided to make a quick trip to the newly opened ice cream store close by for a midday 2 .”可知，此处指我能想到的就是去买冰淇淋。故选B。
2．A.treat B．matter
C．choice D．visit
解析：A 考查名词。A.treat款待，招待；B.matter事情；C.choice选择；D.visit参观，拜访。根据前文“the sun was shining brightly and the hotness was intolerable”可知，此处指太热了，我想要去买冰淇淋吃，以此来款待自己。故选A。
3．A.buy B．open
C．pack D．order
解析：C 考查动词。A.buy买；B.open打开；C.pack打包；D.order点(单)。根据后文“for my daughter and my husband”可知，此处指打包两盒给女儿和丈夫带回去。故选C。
4．A.showed B．returned
C．promised D．sent
解析：C 考查动词。A.showed展示；B.returned归还；C.promised承诺；D.sent发送。根据前文“I ordered my ice cream and asked the server to 3 two tubs(盒) of chocolate ice cream for my daughter and my husband”可知，此处指我承诺给他们带回去的冰淇淋。故选C。
5．A.enjoying B．preparing
C．collecting D．trying
解析：A 考查动词。A.enjoying享受，吃；B.preparing准备；C.collecting收集；D.trying努力。根据上文“cooling down with my favorite ice cream”和空后“my own ice cream and watching so many people coming in and out of the store”可知，此处指我边吃着自己的冰淇淋，边看着进进出出的人。下文的“the ice cream I had eaten”也是提示。故选A。
6．A.care B．refuse
C．reduce D．stand
解析：D 考查动词。A.care关心；B.refuse拒绝；C.reduce减少；D.stand忍受。根据前文“the sun was shining brightly and the hotness was intolerable”可知，此处指他们也和我一样，无法忍受这么热的天。故选D。
7．A.share B．disappear
C．explore D．pay
解析：D 考查动词。A.share分享；B.disappear消失；C.explore探索；D.pay付钱，结账。根据后文“when the ice cream to go was ready”可知，此处指打包的准备好后，我去结账。故选D。
8．A.Gradually B．Surprisingly
C．Importantly D．Unfortunately
解析：B 考查副词。A.Gradually渐渐地；B.Surprisingly令人惊讶的是；C.Importantly重要的是；D.Unfortunately不幸的是。根据后文“the cashier had forgotten to bill...for my daughter and my husband”可知，此处指令我惊讶的是，收银员算错了账。故选B。
9．A.wondered B．glanced
C．compared D．struggled
解析：D 考查动词。A.wondered想知道；B.glanced瞥一眼；C.compared比较；D.struggled挣扎。根据空后“between doing what was easy—clearing the bill and 10 , and doing what was right—pointing out the error”可知，我在做简单的事和做正确的事之间挣扎。故选D。
10．A.accepting B．leaving
C．communicating D．cheering
解析：B 考查动词。A.accepting接受；B.leaving离开；C.communicating交流，沟通；D.cheering欢呼。根据空前“clearing the bill and”可知，此处指不管收银员算错的部分，直接结账然后离开。故选B。
11．A.desire B．pressure
C．advantage D．selfishness
解析：D 考查名词。A.desire渴望；B.pressure压力；C.advantage优势；D.selfishness自私。根据后文“and pointed out what he had 12 ”可知，此处指我抛下了自私，指出了收银员的错误。故选D。
12．A.lost B．learned
C．missed D．misunderstood
解析：C 考查动词。A.lost丢失；B.learned学习；C.missed错过，漏掉；D.misunderstood误解。根据前文“the cashier had forgotten to bill(将……记入账)the ice cream I had eaten and counted only the ice cream for my daughter and my husband”可知，此处指收银员漏掉的那一部分账。故选C。
13．A.reminding B．convincing
C．warning D．suspecting
解析：A 考查动词。A.reminding提醒；B.convincing使相信；C.warning警告；D.suspecting怀疑。根据前文“pointed out what he had 12 ”可知，此处指收银员感谢我提醒了他的错误。故选A。
14．A.patience B．help
C．honesty D．opinion
解析：C 考查名词。A.patience耐心；B.help帮助；C.honesty诚实；D.opinion观点。根据前文“I pushed away my 11 and pointed out what he had 12 .”可知，此处指我主动提醒收银员漏掉的那部分钱，故周围的人赞扬我的诚实。故选C。
15．A.normal B．right
C．unique D．fun
解析：B 考查形容词。A.normal正常的；B.right正确的；C.unique独一无二的；D.fun有趣的。根据前文“between doing what was easy—clearing the bill and 10 , and doing what was right—pointing out the error”可知，此处指我觉得做正确的事情的感觉更美妙。故选B。
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