专题08 语法填空 1（动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、非谓语动词）
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
谓语动词的时态和语态变化
提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。
1.如何确定谓语动词的时态
(1) 通过“时态定义”解决时态问题
准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
1.5G (take) about 1000 to 2000 milliseconds(毫秒) to send and receive data.
答案 takes 句意:现在,5G发送和接收数据大约需要1000到2000毫秒。本题考查一般现在时。此处“5G”作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填takes。
2.We can see clearly that Mongolia (位于) between China and Russia on the map.
答案 lies 句意:我们在地图上可以清楚地看到蒙古位于中国和俄罗斯之间。本题考查动词的时态。时态用一般现在时,Mongolia是第三人称单数,因此从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
3.Beijing is such a fantastic place that Amy (travel) there three times.
答案 has traveled/travelled 句意:北京是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于埃米已经游览过那里三次了。
(2) 通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题
在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。
1.—The air here is much fresher than before.
—Exactly! We (plant)a lot of trees in the past few years.
答案 have planted 句意:——这里的空气比以前新鲜多了。——正是如此!在过去几年里,我们已经种了许多树。本题考查动词的时态。由时间状语in the past few years可知,本句中的谓语动词应该使用现在完成时。
2.—Have scientists found life on Mars
—Not yet, but I think they (find) it some day.
答案 will find 句意:——科学家们已经在火星上发现生命了吗 ——还没有,但我想他们总有一天会发现的。本题考查动词时态。根据句意和关键词some day可知,应该使用一般将来时。
3.Some climbers (dream) of getting to the top of Mount Qomolangma for a long time.
答案 have dreamed/dreamt 根据时间状语for a long time可知,应该用现在完成时,故填have dreamed/dreamt。
4.By now, the bird (make)many swan friends there, and it is living a happy life.
答案 has made make friends意为“交朋友”,通过时间状语By now可知此处应用现在完成时,故答案为has made。
5.Two years ago, an author named Sunni Brown (write) a book on doodling.
答案 wrote 句意:两年前,一个叫逊尼·布朗的作家写了一本关于涂鸦的书。本题考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“Two years ago”可知,用一般过去时。故填wrote。
6.But scientists say that it (be) possible in the future.
答案 will be 本题考查一般将来时。根据时间状语in the future可知应该用一般将来时。故填will be。
7.While we (eat)breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.
答案 were eating 本题考查动词的时态。关键词While提示了设空处为进行时态,由went可知应该使用过去进行时。
(3) 通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。
1.He (teach) Chinese at a college in London and returned to China.
答案 taught 句意:他在伦敦的一所大学教中文,五年后回到中国。本题考查一般过去时。and是并列连词,并列两个谓语,由returned可知,此处填taught。
2.He (ride) home after he had a quick supper in the restaurant near the hospital.
答案 rode 本题考查一般过去时。根据时间状语从句中的动词had可知说的是过去的事情,时态为一般过去时,故填rode。
3.However, he had one secret that made him sad, but nobody (know) about it.
答案 knew 句意:然而,他有一个使他难过的秘密,但没有人知道。本题考查一般过去时。根据第一句中的had一词可知应该用一般过去时。故填knew。
4.And then it just (grow) and makes the world a better place.
答案 grows 本题考查动词的时态。此处主语it为第三人称单数。由于and连接的前后两个动词为并列关系,根据makes可知时态为一般现在时,故填grows。
5.Luckily, he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound (开往伦敦的) ship. So he (land) in London by accident.
答案 landed 本题考查时态。根据 was discovered and picked up 可知事情发生在过去,因此用一般过去时,故填landed。
（4）通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题
有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
1.Sorry, you can’t take the dictionary away, Vicky. I (use) it.
答案 am using 句意:抱歉,你不能把词典拿走,Vicky。我正在用它。本题考查动词的时态。根据题意可知,说话人正在用字典,故应使用现在进行时。
2.The child (cry)over there. What's wrong with him
答案 is crying 此题考查动词的时态。根据第二句句意“他怎么了 ”可知,男孩应该正在那边哭,故填is crying。
3.He says that many summer camps (wait) for instructions from the government .
答案 are waiting 句意:他说许多夏令营现在正在等待政府的指令。本题考查动词的时态。设空处应用现在进行时。
(5) 通过“常用句式”解决时态问题
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。
It is\has been three years since I studied in my school.我在学校学习已经有三年了。
2．如何确定谓语动词的语态
确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。
如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。
注意：平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)的特殊用法，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。
1.They live in huts—little “houses”. These houses (make)of wood and grass.
答案 are made 本题考查时态和语态。主语为复数;根据live可知,时态为一般现在时。be made of 由……制成,故填are made。
2.It (invent) for people to see each other while talking online.
答案 is/was invented 本题考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知,主语It和动词invent之间为被动关系,即它被发明来供人们视频通话。
3.When he was little, he (influence) by his mother who was interested in literature.
答案 was influenced 本题考查时态和语态。主句主语he和influence 是被动关系,故用被动语态。根据从句时态可知事情发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
4.Alone and hungry, he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he (call) into a big house.
答案 was called 本题考查时态和语态。根据语境可知,他被叫进一所大房子,主语he和call之间为被动关系,谓语应用被动语态,时态为一般过去时,故填was called。
5.Mark Quinn hit upon the idea after studying how a person's happiness could be (影响)by social media(媒体).
答案 influenced 从句的主语happiness与influence之间是被动关系,因此使用被动语态。
6.Most programs will not (allow)to have more than 30 kids.
答案 be allowed 句意:大多数项目不被允许超过30个孩子。主语Most programs与allow之间是被动关系,因此设空处应用被动语态。
7.“Why Your bright sunny smile (love) by everybody, not how many hairs you have!”Miss Beautiful smiled.
答案 is loved 主语smile与love之间是被动关系,且根据语境可知设空处用一般现在时的被动语态。表被动的by也提示用被动语态。
7.I've found a friendly guide here and yesterday I (show) around the city.
答案 was shown 句意:我在这儿找到了一个很友好的导游,昨天他带我参观了这座城市。本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。show sb. around领某人参观。
8.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was (invent)by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.
答案 invented 句意:例如,它提到了拉链是1893年由Whitcomb Judson发明的。设空处的提示词invent与其主语the zipper是被动关系,因此使用被动语态。
9.First of all, I think more bike lanes should (build).
答案 be built 句意:首先,我认为应该建设更多的自行车专用道。本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态。设空处的提示词build与从句的主语bike lanes是被动关系,且设空处前出现情态动词should,因此设空处填be built。
10.The read-a-thons are (举行)not only to raise money, but also to encourage teenagers to read.
答案 held 句意:举行阅读马拉松不仅仅是为了募集资金,而且也为了鼓励青少年阅读。本题考查被动语态。此处与句子主语是被动关系,且空前有are,故填held。
11.After hearing about sacrifices(牺牲)made by firemen, she (move)by the risks they face, so Savannah made 200 thank-you cards for them.
答案 was moved 句意:在听到消防员所做出的那些牺牲之后,她被他们面对的危险感动了,因此Savannah为他们制作了200张感谢卡。本题考查被动语态。由空后的by可知用被动语态,由语境可知,说的是过去的事,应用一般过去时,故填was moved。be moved by为……所感动。
3.谓语动词的主谓一致变化
除了要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化外，还要考虑主谓一致的变化。
1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。
2.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
3.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。
4.就近原则：由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but (also) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
5.就远原则：主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
6.“every/each ＋可数名词单数＋and＋(every/each＋)可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
7.more than one或“many a＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
1.Everyone except Tom and John (be)there when the meeting began.
2.Neither of the two brothers (live)with their parents.
3.Playing baseball (be)Dale’s favourite sport.
4.The whole class (be)greatly moved by his words.
5.The Chinese badminton team (be)playing magnificently.
6.The police (be)looking for the murderer.
7.His Selected Poems (be)first published in 1965.
8.I think physics (be)much more useful than maths.
9.Not only students but also their teacher (object)to the plan.
10.There (be)some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team.
11.Here (be)a letter and two books for you.
【答案】1.was2.lives3.is 4.were 5.is 6.are 7.was 8.is 9.objects 10.are 11.is
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的相应形式
提示词是动词时，分析句子成分已有谓语动词且没有连词，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句子成分若是缺少主语或宾语，则考虑填动名词或不定式；若缺少表语，则需要考虑填动名词、不定式或分词。
一．动词不定式
1.作主语。
It + is + adj. (+ for/ of sb.) + to do sth. 。如：
It is important (for us) to learn English well.（对于我们来说）学好英语很重要。
It is kind of you to help the old.帮助老年人，你真是太好了！
(2)It takes sb. ＋一段时间＋to do sth．
It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 每天步行上学花费我半个小时。
2.作宾语
（1）常用动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）有：afford, agree, want, would like, hope, decide, wish, try, learn,
expect, begin, help, offer, start, fail, plan, promise, refuse等。如：
She is hoping to win the gold medal.她希望赢得金牌。
She agreed to let me go early.她同意让我早走。
He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening.他决定星期六晚上去拜访这家人。
（2）当动词不定式作宾语，且后面带有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语，即动词不定式放在宾语补足语之后。如：
I found it difficult to find a job in the city.我觉得在这座城市找份工作很难。
（3）动词不定式可以和what，which，when，where，how 等连用(what+ 疑问词)作宾语 。如：
Nobody told us what to do next.没人告诉我们接下来做什么。
I don’t know where to go.我不知道去哪里。
3.作状语
（1）作状语表示目的时，可放在句首或句尾。如：
To learn English well, you must study hard everyday.为了学好英语，你必须每天努力学习。
He came here to ask for his book.他来这儿要回他的书。
（2）用作结果状语时，常与enough或too连用。如：
He is old enough to go to school.他年龄足够大可以去上学。
He is too young to go to school.他年龄太小了不能去上学。
4.作宾语补足语
（1）常见后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, force, invite, order，require, want, warn, teach等。如：
We had to ask him to leave.我们不得不让他离开。
She was the first to encourage me to write.她是第一个鼓励我写作的人。
Do your parents allow you to go to Jim's party 你的父母允许你去参加吉姆的派对吗？
（2）在动词help后面作宾语补足语的不定式，可以带to，也可以不带to。如：
He often helps his parents (to) do housework on weekends. 他经常在周末帮助父母做家务。
注意
后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词记忆口诀：一感二听三让四看半帮助
一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen to）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look at，see，watch，notice），半帮助（help）。
5．作定语
（1）动词不定式作定语时要后置。如：
I have some clothes to wash.我有一些要洗的衣服。
（2）如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：
Please give me some paper to write on.请给我一些纸来写。
I have no room to live in.我没有房间住。
注意
如果动词不定式修饰 time，place，way，不定式后面习惯上省略介词。
He has no place to live.他没有地方住。
（3）something／anything／nothing＋不定式。如：
I want something to drink.我想要一些喝的东西。
三、动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式由“not＋动词不定式”构成。如：
Tell him not to be late.告诉他别迟到。
Please tell your child not to play in the street请告诉你的孩子不要在街上玩耍。
I’d advise you not to tell him.我劝你别告诉他。
1.The boss told John ________（wait） a second, and he called Bobby to go and find anyone selling watermelons in the market.
[答案]to wait
[解析]考查动词不定式。此处指老板让约翰稍等片刻。tell sb. to do sth.意为“告诉某人做某事”，故填to wait。
2.The 21-year-old girl has been teaching other students ______________（practice） for over three years.
[答案]to practice
[解析]考查动词不定式。此处指这位21岁的女孩已经教其他学生练习了三年多。teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事。故填to practice。
3.We need stricter laws ____________（protect） our river.
[答案]to protect
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意：我们需要更严格的法律来保护我们的河流。不定式表目的，故填to protect。
4.It also encourages young people ____________（achieve） their dreams.
[答案]to achieve
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意：它还鼓励年轻人实现他们的梦想。encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。故填to achieve。
5.After some time, he was pleased ________（find） that the moon was in the bucket.
[答案]to find
[解析]考查动词不定式。be pleased to do sth.很高兴做某事。此处指他很高兴地发现月亮在桶里了。故填to find。
6.—Are you going to read the book Journey to the West
—Yes. Our teacher expects us ________（read） such traditional Chinese books.
[答案]to read
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意:——你要读《西游记》这本书吗 ——是的。我们的老师要求我们阅读这样的中国传统书籍。expect sb. to do sth.要求/期待某人做某事。故填to read。
7.Besides, the teenagers enjoyed the festival by making lanterns. They used waste paper and other waste materials ________（make） lanterns.
[答案]to make
[解析]考查动词不定式。此处指用废纸和其他废料制作灯笼，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to make。
8.Today, we must continue working ________（keep） our skies blue, waters clear and lands clean.
[答案]to keep
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意：今天，我们必须继续努力，维护我们的蓝天、碧水和净土。设空处应用动词不定式表目的。故填to keep。
9.It took around 120 hours ____________（finish） this 3D-printed house.
[答案]to finish
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意：完成这座3D打印的房子花了大约120个小时。“It takes/took+时间段+to do sth.”表示“做某事花费多长时间”，动词不定式作主语，此处It为形式主语。故填to finish。
动词的-ing形式
1．作宾语
（1）在动词 enjoy，practice，finish，mind，miss，keep，suggest，imagine，consider等后面作宾语。
He practices speaking English every day.他每天练习说英语。
（2）在介词of，to，for，after，by等后面作宾语。
Anne is used to living in this city.安妮习惯生活在这座城市。
注意 后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语）记忆口诀：
完成练习值得忙（finish，practice，be worth，be busy）
继续习惯别放弃（keep on，be used to，give up）
考虑建议不禁想（consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy，miss，mind）
3．作定语
They found another hiding place.他们找到了另外一个藏身之处。
They plan to build a highway leading into the mountains.他们计划修一条公路通往山区。
4．作表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的业余爱好是集邮。
It was exciting to listen to the story of his adventures.听他的冒险故事很激动人心。
5．作状语
She was in the kitchen preparing supper.她在厨房准备晚饭。
Travelling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.我们坐吉普车旅行，参观了许多城市。
6．作宾语补足语
I see him passing my house every day.我看见他天天从我家经过。
I can’t imagine Grandma riding a motorbike.我想象不出奶奶骑摩托车的样子。
三．部分动词后接不定式与动词的-ing形式的区别
1.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事（事情未做）
stop doing sth.停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）
Stop to have a rest, please.请停下来休息会儿吧。
He stopped working.他停止了工作。
2.remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事（动作已发生）
Please remember to close the window when you leave the room.当你离开房间时，请记得关上窗户。
I remember closing the window when I left the room.我记得当我离开房间时，我关上了窗户。
3.forget to do sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（动作已发生）
I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。（作业没带来）
I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已经把作业带来了。（作业带来了）
4.regret to do sth.对要做某事感到遗憾（未做）
regret doing sth.对做过某事感到后悔（已做）
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样做，但是我没有选择。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。
5.mean to do sth.打算／想做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
I meant to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但我父亲不肯让我去。
Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间。
1.Instead of ________（eat） burgers and sandwiches so often, she ate salad every other day.
[答案]eating
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。instead of doing sth.代替做某事。
2.Body confidence is about ____________（accept） our bodies fully and understanding what they can do for us.
[答案]accepting
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。句意：身体自信是指充分接受我们的身体，并了解它们能为我们做什么。about为介词，后接动词的-ing形式。
3.It helped kill their neck and back pain after ________（work） for long hours at home while not requiring much effort, time and space.
[答案]working
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。设空处前为介词after，后接动词的-ing形式working。故填working。
4.After ________（score） a goal, we certainly get a lot of satisfaction.
[答案]scoring
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。句意：在进球之后，我们肯定会感到非常满意。设空处前为介词after，后接动词的-ing形式scoring。故填scoring。
5.My grandfather used to ______（watch） TV at home after dinner, but now he is used to ______（go） out for a walk.
[答案]watch；going
[解析]考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:我爷爷过去在晚饭后常在家看电视,但是现在他习惯（晚饭后）散步。used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth.习惯做某事。故答案为watch；going。
6.Many people enjoy ________（make） zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival.
[答案]making
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。句意:许多人喜欢在端午节时自己包粽子。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。故填making。
7.—Is Lucy in the classroom
—Yeah. She is still there watching Mr. Li ________（draw）.
[答案]drawing
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。根据语境可知,露西正在教室看着李先生画画,watch sb. doing sth.看着某人正在做某事。故填drawing。
8.Many students practice ________（run） in the morning because of the P.E. exam.
[答案]running
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。practice doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“练习做某事”,故填running。
动词的-ed形式（过去分词）
一、动词的-ed形式的用法
动词的-ed形式也叫过去分词，它除了可以与be 一起构成被动语态，与have／has一起构成现在完成时，还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。
1．作表语
We were delighted to receive your email.收到你的邮件我们很高兴。
2．作定语
She had a pleased look on her face.她脸上露出高兴的表情。
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现了一位穿绿衣服的年轻女子。
3．作宾语补足语
We all wished the problem settled.我们都希望这个问题得到解决。
4．作状语
Mr. Brown, deeply moved, thanked him again and again. 布朗先生深为感动，一再向他表示感谢。
二、动词的-ing形式与动词的-ed形式作定语和表语时的区别点 重点
1．作定语时，动词的-ing形式与被修饰词之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与被修饰词之间是被动关系。
a moving story 一个感人的故事
the moved people 被感动的人
2．作表语时，动词的-ing形式与主语之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与主语之间是被动关系。
The job was interesting.这份工作很有趣。
He was interested in the job.他对这份工作感兴趣。
三.动词的非谓语形式填空
A
When he was 12, his parents died. He was alone and didn’t get on well with others. No one showed kindness to him. People always laughed at him. His only friend was a dog named Bobby. He gave his dog enough 1. （eat） and drink, but he was a little rude（粗鲁的） to it sometimes.
One day when he was going down the street, he saw a young lady 2. （walk） in front of him. Suddenly, one of her bags dropped（掉落） from her arms. As she stopped 3. （pick） it up, she dropped other bags. Jim came to help her. “Thank you, dear! You are a nice little boy!” the lady said kindly and politely, 4. （smile）.
[答案]1．to eat2．walking3．to pick4．smiling
[解析]
1．句意:他给他的狗足够的饮食，但他有时对它有点粗鲁。此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰代词enough。故填to eat。
2．see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事。故填walking。
3．stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情；stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事情。由语境可知，此处指停下来去捡自己的包，此处为不定式作目的状语,故填to pick。
4．空处应用动词的非谓语形式作伴随状语，smile与其主语the lady之间为主动关系，故用动词的-ing形式。故填smiling。
B
This summer, when I walked into my grandparents’ house with my little brother Frank, I tried not 5. （look） at Grandpa’s chair anyway. It still looked the same. His blue blanket was there, as if Grandpa was going to pull it over his legs. My cousin Jack was playing in the yard as if nothing had happened. “Let’s go to catch fish!” Jack carried out the fish net from the corner, Grandpa’s net.
Last summer, I was holding the net when Grandpa asked me whether I could help him teach Frank how 6. （play） chess. I said no because I wanted 7. （catch） fish. Grandpa had been the one who’d taught us how to catch fish, but then the illness made him 8. （stay） behind.
I regretted 9. （say） no to Grandpa, and now I wouldn’t have a chance 10. （play） chess with him.
[答案]5．to look6．to play7．to catch8．stay9．saying10．to play
[解析]
5．try to do sth.努力去做某事；try doing sth.试着去做某事。由语境可知此处表示“我”努力不去看爷爷的椅子，应用不定式。故填to look。
6．“疑问词（除了why）+to do sth.”为固定用法。此处表示教弗兰克怎么下棋，应用不定式，此时“how+不定式”和Frank一起作teach的宾语。故填to play。
7．want to do sth.为固定结构,故填to catch。
8．在使役动词make、let等后，只能用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填stay。
9．句意:我后悔对爷爷说不，现在我没有机会和他下棋了。regret doing sth.后悔做过某事。故填saying。
10．have a chance to do sth.表示“有机会做某事”，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to play。
1.（2024长沙）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese New Year is a great celebration. It 1 （mark） the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits 2 each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special 3 （meaning）. They represent（象征） the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
Orchids（兰花） come in many colors, but many people like purple and red ones for Chinese New Year. They are believed 4 （represent） love and beauty. Orchids say, “Wish you to be 5 （luck）, successful and happy.” During the holiday period, this plant is a must.
Peonies（牡丹） are like soft clouds in pink, red and white. They are beautiful and can brighten up someone’s day. Red peonies 6 （give） to people to show love and care. Peonies say, “You are special to me.” They are also a symbol of wealth and 7 （rich）.
Kumquats（金橘）, with 8 （they） golden color, are a symbol of wealth and luck. The Chinese word for “kumquat” sounds like “gold orange”, which connects kumquats with richness. This small fruit tree is often presented in pairs.
The apple, with its bright colors 9 round shape, represents peace and harmony（和谐）. In fact, the word for “apple” in Chinese sounds like “peace”. 10 （certain）, apples make great gifts.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国人在春节喜欢送的几种花和水果的寓意。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“历史、社会与文化”这一主题群，涉及子主题“世界主要国家的文化习俗与文化景观、节假日与庆祝活动”。
1．marks2．to3．meanings4．to represent5．lucky6．are given7．richness8．their9．and10．Certainly
[解析]
1．考查动词的时态。由整篇文章可知使用一般现在时，此句的主语为it，谓语动词应为第三人称单数形式，故填marks。
2．考查介词。此处表示“相互赠送花卉和水果”，give sth. to sb.是固定搭配，故填to。
3．考查名词复数。meaning是可数名词，根据空前的many可知要用复数形式，故填meanings。
4．考查非谓语动词。sb./sth. be believed to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“某人/某事物被认为……”。故填to represent。
5．考查名词转化为形容词。根据空后的successful and happy可知，空处应该将luck变为形容词lucky，表示“幸运的”，故填lucky。
6．考查被动语态。该空在句中作谓语，主语Red peonies与give构成被动关系，且时态为一般现在时，故填are given。
7．考查形容词转化为名词。根据空前的a symbol of wealth and可知此处要用rich的名词形式，故填richness。
8．考查代词。根据句意及空后的名词短语golden color可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词，表示“他们的”。故填their。
9．考查连词。空前的bright colors与空后的round shape为并列关系，此处要用and连接两个并列成分。故填and。
10．考查形容词转化为副词。空处修饰整句话，应用副词，且放在句首，首字母应大写，故填Certainly。
2.（2024山东临沂）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hi Alice,
How are you I want to tell you about my trip to the city space museum two days ago. I have never been there before so I was 1 （excite）! I was taking care of my little sister and she was bored so I said, “We are going on an 2 （usual） experience!”
When we arrived, we started to explore（探索）. The space museum is very large and full of interesting and exciting objects 3 （touch）. The first room you enter looks like deep space. There is information about different planets with a quiz（知识竞赛） at the end. The 4 （win） has a chance to invent a name for a planet—that’s exciting, isn’t it The 5 （two） room looks like the inside of a spaceship. You can touch an astronaut’s spacesuit（宇航服）. It looks really heavy! I don’t know how an astronaut can wear it. It looks a little old. I don’t know when it 6 （make）, either. And you can see where the astronauts prepare their food. Did you know they use a knife, fork and spoon to eat I didn’t. I thought it was all in bags.
We were looking at the oven from the spaceship when my sister 7 （tell） me she was hungry. So we went to have a snack. They were preparing a pizza（比萨饼） in the restaurant and the smell of food always makes me hungry so we had a piece of pizza! It was delicious. While we 8 （eat） a pizza, they were baking（烘焙） biscuits, so we ate some. Don’t worry! We have bought some 9 you—you will love them! They look like rockets and taste like honey!
After lunch, we explored more of the museum 10 stayed for the rest of the day. They were turning off the lights when we left!
Have you ever been to a museum See you soon!
Helen
这是一封书信,在信中海伦向艾丽斯介绍了自己两天前去城市太空博物馆的经历。
[答案]1．excited2．unusual3．to touch4．winner5．second6．was made7．told8．were eating9．for
10．and
[解析]
1．考查形容词。句意：我以前从来没有去过那里,所以我很兴奋! excite“使兴奋”,动词。此处应用形容词excited“兴奋的”作表语。故填excited。
2．考查形容词。句意：我们要来一次不同寻常的体验! usual“通常的”,形容词。结合空前冠词an及文章内容可知,此处指一次不寻常的体验。unusual“不寻常的”,作定语修饰名词。故填unusual。
3．考查动词的非谓语形式。 此处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词objects,指可以触摸的物体。故填to touch。
4．考查名词。此处缺少主语,应用名词winner“获胜者”,结合“has”可知,用单数形式。故填winner。
5．考查序数词。句意：第二个房间看起来像宇宙飞船的内部。two“二”,基数词。room是单数,此处指第二个房间,应用序数词second表顺序。故填second。
6．考查动词的时态和语态。make“制作”,动词。it指宇航服,与make之间存在被动关系,且制作宇航服这件事发生在过去,应为一般过去时。从句主语it为第三人称单数,故be动词用was, make用其过去分词形式。故填was made。
7．考查动词时态。此处是含when引导的时间状语从句的复合句,从句动作发生时,主句动作正在进行。此处指妹妹告诉“我”她饿了的时候,“我们”正在看来自宇宙飞船的烤箱。主句是过去进行时,从句应为一般过去时。故填told。
8．考查动词时态。此处是含while引导的时间状语从句的复合句,从句应用过去进行时,从句主语是复数,be动词用were。故填were eating。
9．考查介词。此处考查固定结构buy sth. for sb. “给某人买某物”。故填for。
10．考查连词。“explored more of the museum”和“stayed for the rest of the day”之间是并列关系,用and连接。故填and。
3.（2024湖南）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I work at a most popular restaurant in my hometown. I love working here as a member of a fantastic team. People here are very 1 （friend） and hard-working.
I started by washing dishes when I was only 18. I worked hard, and soon became 2 waiter. Simon, who was head chef（主厨） then, began to show 3 （I） how to cook. I loved it so much and I 4 （go） to college to learn more. When Simon left the restaurant, I became head chef. At the time all the food was traditional. The quality（品质） was good, but I wanted to do something different, so I decided 5 （have） a different menu.
Now we serve food from all over the country. There are many markets and food shops here. I can 6 （usual） find any ingredient（配料） I need. I use a lot of natural food. Some people think it is not so delicious, 7 I don’t agree. Well-prepared natural food has a 8 （good） taste than fast food. Our food is healthy and most customers love it. We use the best meat and the freshest vegetables. At the weekend we play many 9 （kind） of music. There’s also a special menu 10 children on Saturdays and that’s when we serve traditional food.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一家餐馆工作的情况。作者从一名服务员成长为主厨，带领团队研制健康美味的菜品。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“做人与做事”这一主题群，涉及子主题“职业启蒙，职业精神”。
[答案]1．friendly2．a3．me4．went5．to have6．usually7．but8．better9．kinds10．for
[解析]
1．考查形容词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此空需要用形容词作表语，故填friendly。
2．考查冠词。根据句意可知此处表示泛指，意为“一名服务员”。waiter以辅音音素开头，故填冠词a。
3．考查代词。此空在动词show之后作宾语，表示“向我展示怎样烹饪”。故填me。
4．考查一般过去时。根据“I loved it so much and I...”可知此处指发生在过去的事情，故填go的过去式went。
5．考查动词的非谓语形式。decide to do sth.决定做某事。故填to have。
6．考查副词。句意：我通常能够找到任何我所需要的配料。空处修饰动词find，应用副词，故填usually。
7．考查连词。空处前后分句构成转折关系。故填连词but。
8．考查形容词比较级。根据句意及空后的than可知，此处填good的比较级better。
9．考查名词复数。根据空前的many可知，要填复数形式kinds。
10．考查介词。根据句意可知此处表示“一份给孩子们的特别菜谱”。故填for。
1.（2024长沙模拟）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Say Goodbye to Stress
Do you feel stressed often How do you reduce stress in your life In 1 （I） opinion, you can reduce it quickly in some simple ways. The more you practice these ways, the 2 （fast） you’ll be able to find your inner（内心的） peace. So, the next time you feel stressed, try one of the ways below!
Practicing deep breathing sends a message to the brain. You are safe and it is okay 3 （relax）. Breathing exercises are simple. First, take 4 deep breath through your nose for a count of five. Then, breathe out 5 （slow） through your mouth. This will reduce your nervousness and help you feel more relaxed.
Laughing is also very good for you. Laughter 6 （call） the best medicine after all. A good laugh reduces nervousness in your body and leaves your muscles（肌肉） more relaxed for up to 42 minutes.
Laughing also 7 （make） your immune system（免疫系统） stronger and reduces your stress hormones（荷尔蒙）. Watch your favorite TV shows or check out some funny pictures online and see 8 you feel about them!
Music fills your brain with feel-good hormones. According to 9 （scientist）, classical music can slow down your heart rate（心率） and lower your blood pressure. But in fact, listening 10 any music you like is good for you.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些快速减轻压力的简单的方法。
[答案]1．my2．faster3．to relax4．a5．slowly6．is called7．makes8．how9．scientists10．to
[解析]
1．考查形容词性物主代词。in one’s opinion在某人看来。根据所给词I可知，应填my。
2．考查固定结构。“the+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。fast的比较级为faster。故填faster。
3．考查动词的非谓语形式。分析句子结构可知，此处为句型“it’s +adj. +to do sth.”, it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式，故填to relax。
4．考查不定冠词。take a deep breath深吸一口气。故填a。
5．考查副词。空处应用副词修饰breathe out，故填slowly。
6．考查被动语态。此处表示笑被称为最好的药。主语Laughter和call之间是被动关系，此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，故填is called。
7．考查一般现在时。此处表示笑使你的免疫系统更强大。根据下文的and reduces your stress hormones可知此处为一般现在时，又因为主语为动词的-ing形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填makes。
8．考查宾语从句连接词。此处表示观看你最喜欢的电视节目或在网上看一些有趣的图片，看看你对它们的感受如何。故填how。
9．考查名词复数。此处指据科学家们所说。空处泛指科学家们。故填scientists。
10．考查介词。listen to music听音乐。故填to。
2.（2024长沙三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I didn’t have any 1 （confident） in myself when I was young. That was because I was the strongest girl in my class but I had never been the 2 （smart） kid among the classmates. But one thing changed me later.
It was the first day of my new school and I didn’t know anyone. In the math class, the teacher explained a couple of problems to us and showed us how to deal with the similar problems. After solving the 3 （five） problem, she asked us to solve a problem by 4 （we） and write our answers on the whiteboards（白板） that she gave us. Then we 5 （ask） to hold up our boards so that the teacher could see the answers. It seemed that nobody had 6 same answer as me. I could not help crying 7 I was afraid that my classmates would laugh at me for my dumbness. The teacher 8 （come） up to see what was wrong. After looking at my answer carefully, she said with a smile, “You are the only one in the whole class that got the right answer.” The moment I heard that, I started to smile. When the math class was over, it was time 9 lunch. Everyone in the lunchroom discussed how smart I was.
Since then, I have stopped doubting myself. I have also learned 10 （believe） in myself and feel sure of my abilities.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一件使作者从不自信到自信的事。
[答案]1．confidence2．smartest3．fifth4．ourselves5．were asked6．the7．because/since/as
8．came9．for10．to believe
[解析]
1．考查名词。空处位于any后，应用名词confidence。故填confidence。
2．考查形容词最高级。根据among the classmates可知，此处应用最高级。故填smartest。
3．考查序数词。空后是单数名词problem，应用序数词，表示“第五个问题”。故填fifth。
4．考查反身代词。by oneself “独自”，we的反身代词为ourselves，故填ourselves。
5．考查被动语态。分析语境可知，主语we和动词ask之间是被动关系。此处讲述过去发生的事，时态用一般过去时，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were asked。
6．考查定冠词。the same as“和……一样”，此处指没有人和“我”的答案一样。故填the。
7．考查连词。空处前后为前果后因关系，空处引导原因状语从句。故填because/since/as。
8．考查一般过去时。根据语境可知，事情发生在过去，动词用过去式，故填came。
9．考查介词。it is time for sth.“该是做某事的时间了”，故填for。
10．考查动词不定式。learn to do sth.“学习做某事”，故填to believe。
3.(2024深圳三模改编)
My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.____________ (remind) me of myself.In the past, I 2.____________ (be)never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc.At that time, I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However, someone told me something that I will always remember.
It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.____________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn’t help crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.
I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li.She said，“you 4.____________ (be) perfect the way you are.You should never change or hate yourself.People 5.____________ (accept)you for who you 6.____________ (be)．But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.____________ (inspire)by her words.Over the past few months，I 8.____________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.Now I have wonderful friends who 9.____________ (love)me for who I am.
Now, seeing Kaiya cry，I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.____________ (tell)me.
【语篇解读】 英语老师的鼓励让我充满自信。我决定把她的方法用来帮助我的好友。
【答案】1．reminds 根据第一句的时态可推知，本空应该用一般现在时，又因为主语为She，故答案为reminds。
2．was 根据语境中的In the past可知，设空处用一般过去时，故答案为was。
3．pointed 根据后面的laughed可知，设空处为pointed。
4．are 本句为直接引语，故用一般现在时。
5．will accept 结合下文的then how will other people accept you可知，答案为will accept。
6．are 由上下文语境可知，应填are。
7．was inspired 设空处表示过去的事情且主语与inspire为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
8．have learned(learnt) 根据前面的Over the past few months可知，设空处用现在完成时。
9．love “who 9.________(love)me for who I am”为定语从句，先行词为 friends 且设空处说的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时，故答案为love。
10．told “Miss Li 10.________ (tell)me”为定语从句，设空处表示过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
4.（2024杭州三模）
For only 20 yuan, Fang Wenjing could buy her lunch at a community canteen（社区食堂） in Hangzhou. She had meat, vegetables and a bowl of rice which are all 1. （real） healthy.
Recently, community canteens have become more and more popular in China. They 2. （be） only for the old at first. It can be difficult for some old people 3. （cook） on their own, so the canteens provide help. They can have lunch and dinner within a 10-minute walk, or community 4. （worker） can bring the dishes to them.
Now, the community canteens are bringing in more young people. For those who don't want to order takeout meals 5. eat at restaurants, the canteens provide 6. （they） with healthier and cheaper dishes.
This also 7. （encourage） community canteens to think of creative ways to provide food and make things easier for people. 8. community canteen in Beijing brings out buffet-style（自主模式） dishes. The dishes are sold at 2.48 yuan per 100 grams. The price is 9. （low） than those of restaurants close by.
The rise of community canteens couldn't have happened 10. the support of local governments. They provide money for building the canteens as well as the dining expenses of the old people.
[答案]1．really2．were3．to cook4．workers5．or6．them7．encourages8．A9．lower10．without
[解析]
1．考查副词。设空处所在句句子成分完整，空处应为副词，作状语，修饰形容词healthy。故填really。
2．考查动词的时态。根据句中的at first可知，句子描述的是之前发生的事，应用一般过去时。主语是复数，故填were。
3．考查动词的非谓语形式。本句为固定句型It be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.。故填to cook。
7．考查动词的时态。根据前文中的“Now, the community canteens are bringing in more young people.”可知，设空处所在句讲述现在的事情，应用一般现在时。主语为单数，应用第三人称单数形式。故填encourages。
9．考查形容词的比较等级。根据空后的than可知，空处应用比较级形式。故填lower。
10．考查介词。分析语境可知，没有地方政府的支持，社区食堂的兴起是不可能发生的。空处应表示“没有”，without符合语境。故填without。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题08 语法填空 1（动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、非谓语动词）
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
谓语动词的时态和语态变化
提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。
1.如何确定谓语动词的时态
(1) 通过“时态定义”解决时态问题
准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
1.5G (take) about 1000 to 2000 milliseconds(毫秒) to send and receive data.
2.We can see clearly that Mongolia (位于) between China and Russia on the map.
3.Beijing is such a fantastic place that Amy (travel) there three times.
(2) 通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题
在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。
1.—The air here is much fresher than before.
—Exactly! We (plant)a lot of trees in the past few years.
2.—Have scientists found life on Mars
—Not yet, but I think they (find) it some day.
3.Some climbers (dream) of getting to the top of Mount Qomolangma for a long time.
4.By now, the bird (make)many swan friends there, and it is living a happy life.
5.Two years ago, an author named Sunni Brown (write) a book on doodling.
6.But scientists say that it (be) possible in the future.
7.While we (eat)breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.
(3) 通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。
1.He (teach) Chinese at a college in London and returned to China.
2.He (ride) home after he had a quick supper in the restaurant near the hospital.
3.However, he had one secret that made him sad, but nobody (know) about it.
4.And then it just (grow) and makes the world a better place.
5.Luckily, he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound (开往伦敦的) ship. So he (land) in London by accident.
（4）通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题
有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
1.Sorry, you can’t take the dictionary away, Vicky. I (use) it.
2.The child (cry)over there. What's wrong with him
3.He says that many summer camps (wait) for instructions from the government .
(5) 通过“常用句式”解决时态问题
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。
It is\has been three years since I studied in my school.我在学校学习已经有三年了。
2．如何确定谓语动词的语态
确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。
如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。
注意：平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)的特殊用法，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。
1.They live in huts—little “houses”. These houses (make)of wood and grass.
2.It (invent) for people to see each other while talking online.
3.When he was little, he (influence) by his mother who was interested in literature.
4.Alone and hungry, he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he (call) into a big house.
5.Mark Quinn hit upon the idea after studying how a person's happiness could be (影响)by social media(媒体).
6.Most programs will not (allow)to have more than 30 kids.
7.“Why Your bright sunny smile (love) by everybody, not how many hairs you have!”Miss Beautiful smiled.
7.I've found a friendly guide here and yesterday I (show) around the city.
8.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was (invent)by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.
9.First of all, I think more bike lanes should (build).
10.The read-a-thons are (举行)not only to raise money, but also to encourage teenagers to read.
11.After hearing about sacrifices(牺牲)made by firemen, she (move)by the risks they face, so Savannah made 200 thank-you cards for them.
3.谓语动词的主谓一致变化
除了要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化外，还要考虑主谓一致的变化。
1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。
2.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
3.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。
4.就近原则：由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but (also) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
5.就远原则：主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
6.“every/each ＋可数名词单数＋and＋(every/each＋)可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
7.more than one或“many a＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
1.Everyone except Tom and John (be)there when the meeting began.
2.Neither of the two brothers (live)with their parents.
3.Playing baseball (be)Dale’s favourite sport.
4.The whole class (be)greatly moved by his words.
5.The Chinese badminton team (be)playing magnificently.
6.The police (be)looking for the murderer.
7.His Selected Poems (be)first published in 1965.
8.I think physics (be)much more useful than maths.
9.Not only students but also their teacher (object)to the plan.
10.There (be)some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team.
11.Here (be)a letter and two books for you.
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的相应形式
提示词是动词时，分析句子成分已有谓语动词且没有连词，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句子成分若是缺少主语或宾语，则考虑填动名词或不定式；若缺少表语，则需要考虑填动名词、不定式或分词。
一．动词不定式
1.作主语。
It + is + adj. (+ for/ of sb.) + to do sth. 。如：
It is important (for us) to learn English well.（对于我们来说）学好英语很重要。
It is kind of you to help the old.帮助老年人，你真是太好了！
(2)It takes sb. ＋一段时间＋to do sth．
It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 每天步行上学花费我半个小时。
2.作宾语
（1）常用动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）有：afford, agree, want, would like, hope, decide, wish, try, learn,
expect, begin, help, offer, start, fail, plan, promise, refuse等。如：
She is hoping to win the gold medal.她希望赢得金牌。
She agreed to let me go early.她同意让我早走。
He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening.他决定星期六晚上去拜访这家人。
（2）当动词不定式作宾语，且后面带有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语，即动词不定式放在宾语补足语之后。如：
I found it difficult to find a job in the city.我觉得在这座城市找份工作很难。
（3）动词不定式可以和what，which，when，where，how 等连用(what+ 疑问词)作宾语 。如：
Nobody told us what to do next.没人告诉我们接下来做什么。
I don’t know where to go.我不知道去哪里。
3.作状语
（1）作状语表示目的时，可放在句首或句尾。如：
To learn English well, you must study hard everyday.为了学好英语，你必须每天努力学习。
He came here to ask for his book.他来这儿要回他的书。
（2）用作结果状语时，常与enough或too连用。如：
He is old enough to go to school.他年龄足够大可以去上学。
He is too young to go to school.他年龄太小了不能去上学。
4.作宾语补足语
（1）常见后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, force, invite, order，require, want, warn, teach等。如：
We had to ask him to leave.我们不得不让他离开。
She was the first to encourage me to write.她是第一个鼓励我写作的人。
Do your parents allow you to go to Jim's party 你的父母允许你去参加吉姆的派对吗？
（2）在动词help后面作宾语补足语的不定式，可以带to，也可以不带to。如：
He often helps his parents (to) do housework on weekends. 他经常在周末帮助父母做家务。
注意
后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词记忆口诀：一感二听三让四看半帮助
一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen to）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look at，see，watch，notice），半帮助（help）。
5．作定语
（1）动词不定式作定语时要后置。如：
I have some clothes to wash.我有一些要洗的衣服。
（2）如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：
Please give me some paper to write on.请给我一些纸来写。
I have no room to live in.我没有房间住。
注意
如果动词不定式修饰 time，place，way，不定式后面习惯上省略介词。
He has no place to live.他没有地方住。
（3）something／anything／nothing＋不定式。如：
I want something to drink.我想要一些喝的东西。
三、动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式由“not＋动词不定式”构成。如：
Tell him not to be late.告诉他别迟到。
Please tell your child not to play in the street请告诉你的孩子不要在街上玩耍。
I’d advise you not to tell him.我劝你别告诉他。
1.The boss told John ________（wait） a second, and he called Bobby to go and find anyone selling watermelons in the market.
2.The 21-year-old girl has been teaching other students ______________（practice） for over three years.
3.We need stricter laws ____________（protect） our river.
4.It also encourages young people ____________（achieve） their dreams.
5.After some time, he was pleased ________（find） that the moon was in the bucket.
6.—Are you going to read the book Journey to the West
—Yes. Our teacher expects us ________（read） such traditional Chinese books.
7.Besides, the teenagers enjoyed the festival by making lanterns. They used waste paper and other waste materials ________（make） lanterns.
8.Today, we must continue working ________（keep） our skies blue, waters clear and lands clean.
9.It took around 120 hours ____________（finish） this 3D-printed house.
动词的-ing形式
1．作宾语
（1）在动词 enjoy，practice，finish，mind，miss，keep，suggest，imagine，consider等后面作宾语。
He practices speaking English every day.他每天练习说英语。
（2）在介词of，to，for，after，by等后面作宾语。
Anne is used to living in this city.安妮习惯生活在这座城市。
注意 后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语）记忆口诀：
完成练习值得忙（finish，practice，be worth，be busy）
继续习惯别放弃（keep on，be used to，give up）
考虑建议不禁想（consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy，miss，mind）
3．作定语
They found another hiding place.他们找到了另外一个藏身之处。
They plan to build a highway leading into the mountains.他们计划修一条公路通往山区。
4．作表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的业余爱好是集邮。
It was exciting to listen to the story of his adventures.听他的冒险故事很激动人心。
5．作状语
She was in the kitchen preparing supper.她在厨房准备晚饭。
Travelling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.我们坐吉普车旅行，参观了许多城市。
6．作宾语补足语
I see him passing my house every day.我看见他天天从我家经过。
I can’t imagine Grandma riding a motorbike.我想象不出奶奶骑摩托车的样子。
三．部分动词后接不定式与动词的-ing形式的区别
1.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事（事情未做）
stop doing sth.停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）
Stop to have a rest, please.请停下来休息会儿吧。
He stopped working.他停止了工作。
2.remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事（动作已发生）
Please remember to close the window when you leave the room.当你离开房间时，请记得关上窗户。
I remember closing the window when I left the room.我记得当我离开房间时，我关上了窗户。
3.forget to do sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（动作已发生）
I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。（作业没带来）
I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已经把作业带来了。（作业带来了）
4.regret to do sth.对要做某事感到遗憾（未做）
regret doing sth.对做过某事感到后悔（已做）
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样做，但是我没有选择。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。
5.mean to do sth.打算／想做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
I meant to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但我父亲不肯让我去。
Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间。
1.Instead of ________（eat） burgers and sandwiches so often, she ate salad every other day.
2.Body confidence is about ____________（accept） our bodies fully and understanding what they can do for us.
3.It helped kill their neck and back pain after ________（work） for long hours at home while not requiring much effort, time and space.
4.After ________（score） a goal, we certainly get a lot of satisfaction.
5.My grandfather used to ______（watch） TV at home after dinner, but now he is used to ______（go） out for a walk.
6.Many people enjoy ________（make） zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival.
7.—Is Lucy in the classroom
—Yeah. She is still there watching Mr. Li ________（draw）.
8.Many students practice ________（run） in the morning because of the P.E. exam.
动词的-ed形式（过去分词）
一、动词的-ed形式的用法
动词的-ed形式也叫过去分词，它除了可以与be 一起构成被动语态，与have／has一起构成现在完成时，还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。
1．作表语
We were delighted to receive your email.收到你的邮件我们很高兴。
2．作定语
She had a pleased look on her face.她脸上露出高兴的表情。
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现了一位穿绿衣服的年轻女子。
3．作宾语补足语
We all wished the problem settled.我们都希望这个问题得到解决。
4．作状语
Mr. Brown, deeply moved, thanked him again and again. 布朗先生深为感动，一再向他表示感谢。
二、动词的-ing形式与动词的-ed形式作定语和表语时的区别点 重点
1．作定语时，动词的-ing形式与被修饰词之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与被修饰词之间是被动关系。
a moving story 一个感人的故事
the moved people 被感动的人
2．作表语时，动词的-ing形式与主语之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与主语之间是被动关系。
The job was interesting.这份工作很有趣。
He was interested in the job.他对这份工作感兴趣。
三.动词的非谓语形式填空
A
When he was 12, his parents died. He was alone and didn’t get on well with others. No one showed kindness to him. People always laughed at him. His only friend was a dog named Bobby. He gave his dog enough 1. （eat） and drink, but he was a little rude（粗鲁的） to it sometimes.
One day when he was going down the street, he saw a young lady 2. （walk） in front of him. Suddenly, one of her bags dropped（掉落） from her arms. As she stopped 3. （pick） it up, she dropped other bags. Jim came to help her. “Thank you, dear! You are a nice little boy!” the lady said kindly and politely, 4. （smile）.
B
This summer, when I walked into my grandparents’ house with my little brother Frank, I tried not 5. （look） at Grandpa’s chair anyway. It still looked the same. His blue blanket was there, as if Grandpa was going to pull it over his legs. My cousin Jack was playing in the yard as if nothing had happened. “Let’s go to catch fish!” Jack carried out the fish net from the corner, Grandpa’s net.
Last summer, I was holding the net when Grandpa asked me whether I could help him teach Frank how 6. （play） chess. I said no because I wanted 7. （catch） fish. Grandpa had been the one who’d taught us how to catch fish, but then the illness made him 8. （stay） behind.
I regretted 9. （say） no to Grandpa, and now I wouldn’t have a chance 10. （play） chess with him.
1.（2024长沙）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese New Year is a great celebration. It 1 （mark） the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits 2 each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special 3 （meaning）. They represent（象征） the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
Orchids（兰花） come in many colors, but many people like purple and red ones for Chinese New Year. They are believed 4 （represent） love and beauty. Orchids say, “Wish you to be 5 （luck）, successful and happy.” During the holiday period, this plant is a must.
Peonies（牡丹） are like soft clouds in pink, red and white. They are beautiful and can brighten up someone’s day. Red peonies 6 （give） to people to show love and care. Peonies say, “You are special to me.” They are also a symbol of wealth and 7 （rich）.
Kumquats（金橘）, with 8 （they） golden color, are a symbol of wealth and luck. The Chinese word for “kumquat” sounds like “gold orange”, which connects kumquats with richness. This small fruit tree is often presented in pairs.
The apple, with its bright colors 9 round shape, represents peace and harmony（和谐）. In fact, the word for “apple” in Chinese sounds like “peace”. 10 （certain）, apples make great gifts.
2.（2024山东临沂）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hi Alice,
How are you I want to tell you about my trip to the city space museum two days ago. I have never been there before so I was 1 （excite）! I was taking care of my little sister and she was bored so I said, “We are going on an 2 （usual） experience!”
When we arrived, we started to explore（探索）. The space museum is very large and full of interesting and exciting objects 3 （touch）. The first room you enter looks like deep space. There is information about different planets with a quiz（知识竞赛） at the end. The 4 （win） has a chance to invent a name for a planet—that’s exciting, isn’t it The 5 （two） room looks like the inside of a spaceship. You can touch an astronaut’s spacesuit（宇航服）. It looks really heavy! I don’t know how an astronaut can wear it. It looks a little old. I don’t know when it 6 （make）, either. And you can see where the astronauts prepare their food. Did you know they use a knife, fork and spoon to eat I didn’t. I thought it was all in bags.
We were looking at the oven from the spaceship when my sister 7 （tell） me she was hungry. So we went to have a snack. They were preparing a pizza（比萨饼） in the restaurant and the smell of food always makes me hungry so we had a piece of pizza! It was delicious. While we 8 （eat） a pizza, they were baking（烘焙） biscuits, so we ate some. Don’t worry! We have bought some 9 you—you will love them! They look like rockets and taste like honey!
After lunch, we explored more of the museum 10 stayed for the rest of the day. They were turning off the lights when we left!
Have you ever been to a museum See you soon!
Helen
3.（2024湖南）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I work at a most popular restaurant in my hometown. I love working here as a member of a fantastic team. People here are very 1 （friend） and hard-working.
I started by washing dishes when I was only 18. I worked hard, and soon became 2 waiter. Simon, who was head chef（主厨） then, began to show 3 （I） how to cook. I loved it so much and I 4 （go） to college to learn more. When Simon left the restaurant, I became head chef. At the time all the food was traditional. The quality（品质） was good, but I wanted to do something different, so I decided 5 （have） a different menu.
Now we serve food from all over the country. There are many markets and food shops here. I can 6 （usual） find any ingredient（配料） I need. I use a lot of natural food. Some people think it is not so delicious, 7 I don’t agree. Well-prepared natural food has a 8 （good） taste than fast food. Our food is healthy and most customers love it. We use the best meat and the freshest vegetables. At the weekend we play many 9 （kind） of music. There’s also a special menu 10 children on Saturdays and that’s when we serve traditional food.
1.（2024长沙模拟）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Say Goodbye to Stress
Do you feel stressed often How do you reduce stress in your life In 1 （I） opinion, you can reduce it quickly in some simple ways. The more you practice these ways, the 2 （fast） you’ll be able to find your inner（内心的） peace. So, the next time you feel stressed, try one of the ways below!
Practicing deep breathing sends a message to the brain. You are safe and it is okay 3 （relax）. Breathing exercises are simple. First, take 4 deep breath through your nose for a count of five. Then, breathe out 5 （slow） through your mouth. This will reduce your nervousness and help you feel more relaxed.
Laughing is also very good for you. Laughter 6 （call） the best medicine after all. A good laugh reduces nervousness in your body and leaves your muscles（肌肉） more relaxed for up to 42 minutes.
Laughing also 7 （make） your immune system（免疫系统） stronger and reduces your stress hormones（荷尔蒙）. Watch your favorite TV shows or check out some funny pictures online and see 8 you feel about them!
Music fills your brain with feel-good hormones. According to 9 （scientist）, classical music can slow down your heart rate（心率） and lower your blood pressure. But in fact, listening 10 any music you like is good for you.
2.（2024长沙三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I didn’t have any 1 （confident） in myself when I was young. That was because I was the strongest girl in my class but I had never been the 2 （smart） kid among the classmates. But one thing changed me later.
It was the first day of my new school and I didn’t know anyone. In the math class, the teacher explained a couple of problems to us and showed us how to deal with the similar problems. After solving the 3 （five） problem, she asked us to solve a problem by 4 （we） and write our answers on the whiteboards（白板） that she gave us. Then we 5 （ask） to hold up our boards so that the teacher could see the answers. It seemed that nobody had 6 same answer as me. I could not help crying 7 I was afraid that my classmates would laugh at me for my dumbness. The teacher 8 （come） up to see what was wrong. After looking at my answer carefully, she said with a smile, “You are the only one in the whole class that got the right answer.” The moment I heard that, I started to smile. When the math class was over, it was time 9 lunch. Everyone in the lunchroom discussed how smart I was.
Since then, I have stopped doubting myself. I have also learned 10 （believe） in myself and feel sure of my abilities.
3.(2024深圳三模改编)
My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.____________ (remind) me of myself.In the past, I 2.____________ (be)never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc.At that time, I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However, someone told me something that I will always remember.
It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.____________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn’t help crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.
I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li.She said，“you 4.____________ (be) perfect the way you are.You should never change or hate yourself.People 5.____________ (accept)you for who you 6.____________ (be)．But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.____________ (inspire)by her words.Over the past few months，I 8.____________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.Now I have wonderful friends who 9.____________ (love)me for who I am.
Now, seeing Kaiya cry，I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.____________ (tell)me.
4.（2024杭州三模）
For only 20 yuan, Fang Wenjing could buy her lunch at a community canteen（社区食堂） in Hangzhou. She had meat, vegetables and a bowl of rice which are all 1. （real） healthy.
Recently, community canteens have become more and more popular in China. They 2. （be） only for the old at first. It can be difficult for some old people 3. （cook） on their own, so the canteens provide help. They can have lunch and dinner within a 10-minute walk, or community 4. （worker） can bring the dishes to them.
Now, the community canteens are bringing in more young people. For those who don't want to order takeout meals 5. eat at restaurants, the canteens provide 6. （they） with healthier and cheaper dishes.
This also 7. （encourage） community canteens to think of creative ways to provide food and make things easier for people. 8. community canteen in Beijing brings out buffet-style（自主模式） dishes. The dishes are sold at 2.48 yuan per 100 grams. The price is 9. （low） than those of restaurants close by.
The rise of community canteens couldn't have happened 10. the support of local governments. They provide money for building the canteens as well as the dining expenses of the old people.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
