专题01 书面表达之审题、列提纲、高级表达
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
题型 技巧解读 真题示例
书面表达 审题、列提纲、高级表达 （2024·浙江·中考真题） （2024·山东泰安·中考真题）
命题预测 中考可能会以做法建议类，经历感受类， 活动和计划安排类结合社会热点话题、要求学生用掌握的语言来完成写作任务,运用所学词汇、句型、语法等知识构建语篇,检测学生的书面交际能力,考查学生是否具备较强的语言表达能力,充分考查了学生的语言综合运用能力。
审题
审题步骤
一审 主题（写人，记事）
二审 体裁（记叙文，说明文，议论文）
三审 时态（一般过去时，一般现在时）
四审 人称（尽量保持一致）
五审 内容要点（内容完整，逻辑清晰）
列提纲
三段式 结构：“观点（总）——要点（分）——总结（总）
第一段： 简单明了点出主题，尽量不超过2句话；
第二段 分2-3点描述说明（第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心） 逻辑连接词（递进的，转折的，总结的等） 表起始的过渡语:first of all, to begin with, so far, as far as 表时间的过渡语:first, at first, then, later, in the end, finally 表因果的过渡语because of, one reason is that… another reason is that…, as a result, 表转折的过渡语:but, yet, however, after all, in fact, 表列举的过渡语:for example, such as, and so on 表推进的过渡语:what’s more, besides，in addition, moreover, on one hand… on the other hand…, not only…but also… 表总结的过渡语:in short, in a word, in general, all in all
第三段 总结升华主题
例题1
安全(safety)对于每个人都很重要。中学生年龄较小，学生安全更是人们关注的焦点，请根据以下提示，写一篇关于学生安全的英语作文。
内容提示：
1. 交通安全:遵守交通规则,不闯红绿灯等；
2.食品安全:吃健康食物,不吃垃圾食品等；
3. 活动安全:进行体育锻炼时,不要弄伤自己,不私自下河游泳等。
作文要求:1. 词数:80词左右；2. 作文应包含所有要点，可适当发挥；3. 作文句型有变化，有复合句。
参考词汇：焦点:focus ；遵守:obey； 交通规则:traffic rules...
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1.写出审题步骤中的五个点：主题、体裁、时态、人称、内容要点
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
主题：中学生安全规则
体裁：说明文
时态：一般现在时
人称：we
内容要点：题干已给出，内容完整，三个点逻辑上是平行的
2.想要使用的逻辑关系及逻辑关系词：what’s more，besides，in addition，moreover...
3.开头句：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考例句：Safety is important to everyone,especially for middle school students,so we should obey the following rules.
要点：简洁明确，突出主题“中学生安全规则”
小建议：对于说明文而言，开头句内容往往可以通过题干转换得来。
4.中间段要点：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
要点一：交通安全:遵守交通规则,不闯红绿灯等；
参考例句1：To begin with,we should follow the traffic rules.For example,we shouldn’t break through the traffic light when crossing the street.
参考例句2：To begin with,we should follow the traffic rules,which means we shouldn’t break through the traffic light when crossing the street.
语法要点：定语从句，状语从句when的省略表达
要点二：食品安全:吃健康食物,不吃垃圾食品等；
参考例句1：Furthermore, paying attention to food safety is also necessary because it’s important for our health, so don’t eat any junk food such as French fries, hamburgers and so on.
参考例句2：Furthermore,what we also need to pay attention to is food safety because it’s important for our health, so don’t eat any junk food such as French fries, hamburgers and so on.
语法要点：非谓语作主语，what引导的主语从句；also体现了上下内容的连贯性
要点三：活动安全:进行体育锻炼时,不要弄伤自己,不私自下河游泳等。
参考例句：Last but not least,when doing exercise we should warm up our bodies first so that we won’t hurt ourselves. Besides,don’t swim in rivers alone.
语法要点：so that的目的状语从句；besides进行衔接
5.结尾句：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考例句：All in all,it is necessary for us to take actions right now to protect ourselves.
要点：升华主题，但尽量避免与第一段重复
小建议：说明文结尾一般可以以倡导的语气来写。
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范文参考：
Safety is important to everyone,especially for middle school students,so we should obey the following rules.
To begin with,we should follow the traffic rules,which means we shouldn’t break through the traffic light when crossing the street. Furthermore,what we also need to pay attention to is food safety because it’s important for our health, so don’t eat any junk food such as French fries, hamburgers and so on.Last but not least,when doing exercise we should warm up our bodies first so that we won’t hurt ourselves.Besides,don’t swim in rivers alone.
All in all,it is necessary for us to take action right now to protect ourselves.
例题2
初中生活马上就要结束了,三年的初中生活一定给你留下了很多挥之不去的回忆。请你给大家讲一个最值得你回忆的故事。包括时间、人物、事情经过和事后你的感想(请不要写出真实的学校名称以及真实姓名)。memorable
提示词语: three years, memories, one of, one day, think, happy/ sorry
1.写出审题步骤中的五个点：主题、体裁、时态、人称、内容要点
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
主题：初中三年最难忘的事
体裁：记叙文
时态：一般现在时
人称：I
内容要点：需要突出“最值得回忆”的主题，且需要包含时间、人物、事情经过和时候感想
2.想要使用的逻辑关系及逻辑关系词：then，after that，at last...等表示时间的词
3.开头句：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考例句：There are many sweet memories in my middle school life, and I am willing to tell you the most unforgettable/memorable one to you.
语法要点：one指代memory，体现内容连贯性
4.中间段要点：
梳理故事大纲，明确故事发展逻辑
参考故事：
科学活动：做模型飞机——我之前做过——但我的模型没有一团纸飞得远——感想开动脑筋，不要受限于固有思维
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第一句：衔接手段，开启故事，介绍时间等背景
It was in a physics class, and our teacher asked us to make a plane plane in any shape to compete which one could fly the farthest.
第二句：讲述故事进展，埋下伏笔
I was interested in making plane models before, so it was easy for me to make one and I was sure I would be the first.
第三句：通过转折推进故事，强调主题“最难忘的故事”
But to my surprise, I just got the second and the first’s model was just a bundle of paper. However, our teacher said he didn’t break any rule, because it was also a shape of a plane.
5.结尾句：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考例句：By the experience, I understand that we should open our minds and have a creative heart, instead of sticking to our inherent thinking.
要点：可以把感想直接当做结尾来写；instead of 短语应用，表示对立的情况，可以翻译成“而不是”
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参考范文：
There are many sweet memories in my middle school life, and I am willing to tell you the most unforgettable one to you.
It was in a physics class, and our teacher asked us to make a plane model in any shape to compete which one could fly the farthest. I was interested in making plane models before, so it was easy for me to make one and I was sure I would be the first. But to my surprise, I just got the second and the first’s model was just a bundle of paper. However, our teacher said he didn’t break any rule, because it was also a shape of a plane.
By the experience,I understand that we should open our minds and have a creative heart, instead of （而不是）sticking to our inherent thinking.
三、高级表达
一．固定句型
1. It’s adj.+ for sb to do 做…对某人来说…
翻译:对你来说，了解多一些中国习俗是非常重要的。
It is important to know more about Chinese customs.
2.sb.can do nothing but do sth.=have no choice but to do 只好/只能......
翻译：我只好告诉他事实。I can do nothing but tell him the truth.
3.主语+find/consider/think+it+形容词或名词+不定式
翻译：我发现看这部电影和有趣。I find it interesting to see this film.
4.The reason why + 句子 …的原因是......
翻译: 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
The reason why we must plant trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
5.That is because + 句子 那是因为…
翻译: 那是因为如果我们睡不好，第二天学习的时候我们的状态会很糟糕。
That is because if we don’t sleep well, we will be in bad state/situation of study the next day.
6.It is said that + 句子 据说… ; It is reported that + 句子 据报道…
翻译: 据说中医有4000多年的历史了。
It is said that traditional Chinese medicine had a history of more than 4,000 years.
7.There is no doubt that + 句子 毫无疑问…
There is no denying that… 不容否认的是
翻译: 毫无疑问暴饮暴食对我们的健康有很大的坏处。
There is no doubt that overeating/eating too much does great harm to our health.
8.It is high time that sb did/should do sth 是时候做某事了
翻译:我们是时候为环保做些事了。
It is high time that we should do something for environmental protection.
9.It is likely that … = There is a high possibility that… = (The) chances are that …很有可能
翻译: 如果我们现在不采取行动，那么将来我们将面临更加严重的环境问题。
If we don’t take actions now, it is likely that we will face more and more serious environmental problems in the future.
10.It is important/necessary for sb to do 对某人来说做某事是重要/必要(等)的
翻译: 对家长们来说帮助孩子们释放压力是很重要的。
It is important for the parents to help their children release pressure/stress.
11.(Doing)sth(非谓语动词)is important (做)某事是重要的
Doing sth is also a good choice/a wise option. …也是一个不错的选择/英明的抉择
翻译: 参与志愿者活动是让自己业余生活更加丰富的一个好选择。
Doing voluntary work/Being volunteers is a good choice to enrich our spare life.
12.The + ~er + S + V， ~~ the + ~er + S + V
The + more + adj + S + V， ~~ the + more + Adj + S + V愈……愈……
翻译: 你愈努力，你愈进步。The harder you work， the more progress you make。
13.By +Ving， can 借着……，……能够……
翻译: 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。By taking exercise， we can always stay healthy
翻译: 通过阅读，我们可以扩大视野。By reading， we can broaden our horizon
14.感叹句What a + Adj + N + S + V！= How + Adj + a + N + V！（多么……！）
翻译:遵守诺言是多么重要的事！How...=What...
How important a thing is to keep our promise！
=What an important thing it is to keep our promise！
15.Among various kinds of …，…= Of all the …， … 在各种…之中…
翻译:在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。Among various kinds of sports，I like jogging in particular。
16.In my opinion， …= To my mind， …= As far as I am concerned， …= I am of the opinion that子句 就我的看法…；我认为…
翻译:就我的看法玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。
In my opinion， playing computer games not only takes much time but also is harmful to health.
17.the + 最高级+ 名词 +（that）+ I have ever seen/known/heard/had，etc）或 the most + 形容词 + 名词 +（that）I have ever seen/known/heard/had
翻译:张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
翻译: 姚明是我所见过的最高的篮球运动员Yao Ming is the tallest basketball player that I have ever seen.
18.Nothing is +比较级+ than to + V. “没有比......更...的事了”
翻译: 没有比接受教育更重要的事。Nothing is more important than to receive education.
19.An advantage of is that + 句子 ……的优点是……
翻译: 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create/produce any pollution.
翻译:锻炼身体的优点是它可以让我们保持健康。
An advantage of taking exercises is that it can make us keep healthy
20.What impresses me most is that…使我印象最深刻的是…(what主从+表从可广泛应用)
翻译: 使我印象最深刻的是我们跟农场里的工作人员学习如何挤牛奶。
What impresses me most is that we learned how to milk cows from the workers on the farm.
21.强调句 It is/ was+被强调部分+that/who…
e.g. It is our heart-warming gestures towards people in need that can make a difference to the world we live in.
翻译: 是这个男孩打破了窗户。
It is this boy who broke the window.
22.倒装句：
（1）否定词置于句首，句子用部分倒装。一般说来，以下否定词位于句首，句子要用部分倒装：seldom, never, little, few, hardly, not, not until, in no way, by no means（绝不）, no longer 等。
如: Not only should we…，but also we ought to do…“既要做，又要做”“既可以，又可以”; Never does he come late. 他从不迟到。
翻译:直到河里的鱼全死了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。(Not until...)
Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
（2）Only+状语放句首倒装
Only in this way/by doing sth/ when… can we…
Only when you devote yourself to the study, can you know whether you can complete it on time or not. 只有当你全身心投入该研究中时,你才能得知能否按时完成.
翻译: 只有通过这种方式，你才能尽快取得提升/进步。
Only in this way, can you make improvements/progress as soon as possible.
23.提建议句型
had better (not) do 最好(不)做
It’s +adj./n. of/for sb. to do
I suggest that you (should) do 我建议你做…
be supposed to do 应该做
If I were you, I would do…我要是你的话，我会做…
Don’t forget to do=Remember to do...
Why not do / why don’t you do… 为什么不…
How about / what about doing …怎么样
24.主题句、承上启下句
(1)When it comes to..., I hold the view that … 当提到…，我认为
(2)I stand up for/ can’t agree more with one’s view/opinion that … 我赞同某人…的观点
(3)Every coin has two sides, and sth is no exception.
凡事有利有弊，…也不例外
(4)Just like a double-edged sword, sth has both advantages and disadvantages. 就像一把双刃剑，…既有利也有弊
(5)The reasons why … can be listed as follows. 某事的原因可以罗列如下 如:
The reason why you become fat/the reason why you are facing obesity problem is that+从句
高分句型
句型一：定语从句
句子结构：主句+相应关系词定语从句
使用条件：
(1)提供额外信息：当你想要为某个名词或代词提供额外的描述性信息时，可以使用定语从句。
例如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.”（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。）
(2)限定特定对象：当你想要限定或特指某个名词时，定语从句非常有用。
例如，“The person who stole my wallet is still at large.”（偷我钱包的那个人仍然在逃。）
(3)表达原因、条件或结果：有时，定语从句可以用来表达原因、条件或结果，从而提供更丰富的语境。
例如，“The reason why he didn't come to the party is that he was sick.”（他没来参加聚会的原因是他生病了。）
(4)连接两个相关概念：当两个概念之间存在某种关系时，定语从句可以帮助你将它们连接起来。
例如，“The man whom I met at the party last night is a famous author.”（我昨晚在聚会上遇到的那个人是一位著名的作家。）
(5)表达时间、地点或方式：定语从句也可以用来表达时间、地点或方式等概念。
例如，“The day when we first met was a sunny Tuesday.”（我们第一次见面的那天是一个阳光明媚的星期二。）
测试
请把以下可以使用定语从句结构的句子翻译成英
1.我喜欢我能理解的书籍。
2.上周我认识了一位法语说得很流利的新朋友。
3.我长大的那个城市这些年变化很大。
4.窗户是蓝色的那座房子是我的。
1.I like the books that I can understand.
2.I made a new friend last week who speaks French fluently.
3.The city where I grew up has changed a lot over the years.
4.The house whose windows are blue is mine.
句型二：状语从句
高分句型之：“in that”
句子结构：in that 译为“因为...”
使用条件：写到 “因为...”的时候可以使用，放在句末／句首均可；可替换because
例：The film is unusual in that it features only four actors.这部电影的不同寻常之处在于它 只有四个演员。
训练
1.这是一次难忘的活动，因为我学到了很多关于动物的知识。
It was an unforgettable activity in that I learned a lot of knowledge about animals.
2.我喜欢上英语课应为我们的英语老师非常有趣。
I like having English classes in that our English teacher is very funny.
高分句型之：“so as to”-so that
句子结构：so as to 译为“以...(表目的)”
使用条件：用于表示目的或结果，通常后面跟动词原形，构成不定式短语
例：Trees are being planted by the roadside so as to reduce the traffic noise.（道路两瓶种上了树以减少交通噪音。）
He studied hard so as to pass the exam.（他努力学习，以便通过考试。）
训练
用so as to翻译以下的句子
1.他们早起，以便赶上第一班车。
2.我存钱，以便买一辆新车。
1.They got up early so as to catch the first bus.
2.I saved money so as to buy a new car.
高分句型之：when
句子结构：1.be doing sth....when...
使用条件：描述一个正在进行的动作（be doing sth.），以及在这个动作进行的过程中 突然发生的另一件事（when...）。它强调两个动作的同时性或紧接着发生的顺序。
例：I was watching TV when the phone rang.（我正在看电视，这时电话响了。）
翻译：我正在看电视突然断电了。I was watching TV when suddenly the power went out.
2.be about to do...when...
使用条件：这个结构用于描述一个即将发生的动作（be about to do...），以及在这个动 作即将发生之前突然发生的另一件事（when...）。它强调动作的紧迫性和突然中断。
例：I was about to leave for school when I realized I had forgotten my keys.（我正要出门去 上班，这时我发现我忘了带钥匙。）
翻译：她正准备举手突然李明站了起来。She was about to put up her hand when Liming stood up.
3.had just done sth....when...
使用条件：这个结构用于描述一个刚刚完成的动作（had just done sth.），以及在这个动 作完成之后紧接着发生的另一件事（when...）。它强调动作的先后顺序和时间的紧密性。
例：I had just finished my homework when my friend called me to go out.（我刚做完作业，这时我的朋友打电话叫我出去。）
翻译：她刚刚睡着突然楼下传来了哭声。She had just fallen asleep when there was someone crying downstairs.
检测
翻译以下的句子：
1.我们正在公园野餐突然下起了大雨。
2.我正准备保存我的文件突然电脑坏了。
1.We were having a picnic in the park when a sudden storm came up.
2.I was about to save my file when the computer went wrong.
高分句型之：the moment = as soon as
句子结构：主句+the moment+从句
使用条件：表示“一……就……”，即两个动作或事件在时间上紧密相连，第二个动作或事件紧接着第一个动作或事件发生。
例：I will tell him the news the moment he comes back.他一回来，我就会告诉他这个消息。（主将从现）
检测：
翻译以下句子
(1)他每天一到教室就开始大声朗读英语课本。
He reads English book loudly every morning the moment/as soon as he arrives at the classroom.
(2)那天一放学就我回去给她妈妈准备晚餐了。
I went home and cooked dinner for my mom that day the moment the class was over.
高分句型三：宾语从句
（一）主语+及物动词+宾语从句引导词+宾语从句
常见动词及动词短语：say，wonder, see, know, tell, show, think, consider, find out等。
1. He said (that) he was good at drawing.
2. I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei.
3. She told me (that) she would like to go with us.
4. The teacher said (that) he was an honest boy.
5. His father shows us that we should study hard.
（二）主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语从句引导词+宾语从句
1.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.（我们正在讨论是否允许学生加入我们的俱乐部。）
2.It all depends on whether you will come to the party.（这都取决于你是否回来参加晚会。）
3.She insists on what she should do next.(她对她接下来要做的事非常坚持。）
（三）主语+系动词+形容词+宾语从句引导词+宾语从句
1. I’m not sure whether the road to the mountain will be closed.（我不确定通往那座山的路 是否关闭了。）
2. He is confident that he can win the match.（他很自信它能够赢得比赛，）
3. I’m sorry that I have troubled you so long.
（四）主语+find/feel/consider/believe/make it(形式宾语)+宾语补足语+that+宾语从句
1. We all find it important that we should make a quick decision about this matter.（我们都发 现我们应该快速做出对于这件事的决定，这是非常重要的。）
2. We believe it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
3. He felt it happy that he helped his mother do housework.
检测
把下列句子翻译成宾语从句
1. 他问我我是怎样学习英语的。He asked me about how I learnt English.
2. 他很高兴他的朋友在他生病时去看他。He was happy that his friends came to visit him when he was ill.
3. 老师说他是一个诚实的孩子。Our teacher said he was an honest boy.
4. 他感到很开心，他帮助他妈妈做了家务活。He felt it happy that he helped his mother do housework.
1.（2024·浙江·中考真题）假如你是李华，你的英国好友Candy暑期将来中国游学。请根据以下相关信息，写一封邮件，向她推荐一所合适的学校。
I like sports, and I’m interested in traditional Chinese art. Chinese food is great.
My cousin’s school ◆in the city center ◆a good ping-pong team ◆hand-made food classes My school ◆in the countryside ◆a new sports center ◆local art clubs
注意：
（1）邮件需包含所选学校至少两点相关信息，可适当发挥；
（2）文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息；
（3）词数80左右：邮件的首尾和第一句已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Candy,
I’m excited to know that you are coming to China soon.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一封电子邮件；
②时态：时态为一般现在时；
③提示：根据提示内容给她推荐一所合适的学校，适当增加细节。
[写作步骤]
第一步，向她推荐一个学校；
第二步，根据提示内容详细介绍推荐学校的信息；
第三步，书写结语。
[亮点词汇]
①play basketball打篮球
②and so on等等
[高分句型]
Last year, we built a new sports center, so we can play basketball together there! (so连接的并列句)
【答案】例文①
Dear Candy,
I’m excited to know that you are coming to China soon. I know you love traditional Chinese art and food. I think my school is perfect for you.
It is in the beautiful countryside. The local food here is really fresh and delicious. I believe you’ll enjoy it. Last year, we built a new sports center, so we can play basketball together there! Also, our school has traditional art classes, and you can learn paper cutting, Chinese painting and so on. I’m sure you’ll love my school.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
例文②
Dear Candy,
I’m excited to know that you are coming to China soon. As you love sports and Chinese food, I think my cousin’s school is a good choice.
It is in the city center with many restaurants nearby. You’ll find it easy to try different local foods there. In her school, there are some special hand-made food classes. You can learn to make food by yourself. I’m sure you’ll be interested in them. What’s more, the ping-pong team in her school is great. As a ping-pong lover, you can’t miss it!
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
2.（2024·山东泰安·中考真题）中国传统节日是中华民族丰富多彩文化的重要组成部分。假如你是李平，你校英语社团正在开展以“Traditional Chinese Festivals”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下内容提示，写一篇英语短文投稿，介绍端午节的习俗和意义，并描述今年的端午节你是如何度过的。
内容提示：
1. What do you know about the Dragon Boat Festival
2. What do you think of this festival
3. How did you spend the Dragon Boat Festival
参考词汇：
the 5th day of the fifth lunar (农历) month；in honor of纪念；wormwood艾草；sachet香囊
要求：语句通顺，意思连贯，可适当发挥；词数80—100（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名、地名等与考生本人相关的信息。
I’m Li Ping from Class 1, Grade 9. There are many traditional festivals in our country.
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【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”；
③提示：要求根据提示内容介绍端午节的习俗和意义，并描述今年的端午节你是如何度过的，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍端午节的相关信息；
第二步，介绍端午节的意义；
第三步，描述今年的端午节你是如何度过的。
[亮点词汇]
①in honor of纪念
②go on继续
[高分句型]
①I think we can learn more cultures and customs from them so it’s our duty to try our best to keep them going on. (宾语从句)
②What made the festival special for me was the dragon boat race. (what引导的主语从句)
【答案】例文
I’m Li Ping from Class 1, Grade 9. There are many traditional festivals in our country.
The Dragon Boat Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. It falls on the 5th day of the fifth lunar month. It is celebrated in honor of the great man Qu Yuan.
I think we can learn more cultures and customs from them so it’s our duty to try our best to keep them going on.
This year, I had a great time during the Dragon Boat Festival. I ate zongzi made by my mother and it was very delicious. We also drank realgar wine, hung Chinese wormwood around the doors and carried a sachet around with me. What made the festival special for me was the dragon boat race. It was very exciting.
假如你校校报英语专栏正在以“Take care of yourself”为题举办征文活动，请根据以下内容要点和要求写一篇100词左右的短文投稿。
内容要点：1. 我们应从哪些方面做起，比如：身体健康（饮食、锻炼等）、生活技能（洗衣，做饭等）、心理健康（心态，抗挫等）……
2. 具体应该怎么做；
3. 这样做的好处是什么。
要求：
1. 至少从两个方面给出自己的看法；
2. 文中不得出现考生姓名、学校及其他相关信息；
3. 照抄试卷内容不得分。
Word bank
physical health身体健康；life skills生活技能；mental health 心理健康
Take care of yourself
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【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：要求以“Take care of yourself”为题，根据提示内容进行写作，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图；
第二步，具体介绍应该怎么做以及这样做的好处；
第三步，书写结语。
[亮点词汇]
①have a healthy diet 饮食健康
②What’s more 此外
③At the same time 同时
④face the challenges ahead 面对未来的挑战
[高分句型]
①You should have an active attitude when you have failures and problems.（when引导的时间状语从句）
②Take care of yourself and you will have a better future!（祈使句）
【答案】范文：
Take care of yourself
As we all know, health is very important in our life. So you should take care of yourself.
It is important to have physical health. So you should try to have a healthy diet. Also, you should keep doing exercise. Having enough sleep is necessary as well. They are good for your health and have a strong body. What’s more, learning some life skills is of great importance. You can learn how to wash clothes, cook and so on. They help you be independent. At the same time, you should do your best to keep your mental health. You should have an active attitude when you have failures and problems. In this way, you will have more courage to face the challenges ahead.
Take care of yourself and you will have a better future!
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题01 书面表达之审题、列提纲、高级表达
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
题型 技巧解读 真题示例
书面表达 审题、列提纲、高级表达 （2024·浙江·中考真题） （2024·山东泰安·中考真题）
命题预测 中考可能会以做法建议类，经历感受类， 活动和计划安排类结合社会热点话题、要求学生用掌握的语言来完成写作任务,运用所学词汇、句型、语法等知识构建语篇,检测学生的书面交际能力,考查学生是否具备较强的语言表达能力,充分考查了学生的语言综合运用能力。
审题
审题步骤
一审 主题（写人，记事）
二审 体裁（记叙文，说明文，议论文）
三审 时态（一般过去时，一般现在时）
四审 人称（尽量保持一致）
五审 内容要点（内容完整，逻辑清晰）
列提纲
三段式 结构：“观点（总）——要点（分）——总结（总）
第一段： 简单明了点出主题，尽量不超过2句话；
第二段 分2-3点描述说明（第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心） 逻辑连接词（递进的，转折的，总结的等） 表起始的过渡语:first of all, to begin with, so far, as far as 表时间的过渡语:first, at first, then, later, in the end, finally 表因果的过渡语because of, one reason is that… another reason is that…, as a result, 表转折的过渡语:but, yet, however, after all, in fact, 表列举的过渡语:for example, such as, and so on 表推进的过渡语:what’s more, besides，in addition, moreover, on one hand… on the other hand…, not only…but also… 表总结的过渡语:in short, in a word, in general, all in all
第三段 总结升华主题
例题1
安全(safety)对于每个人都很重要。中学生年龄较小，学生安全更是人们关注的焦点，请根据以下提示，写一篇关于学生安全的英语作文。
内容提示：
1. 交通安全:遵守交通规则,不闯红绿灯等；
2.食品安全:吃健康食物,不吃垃圾食品等；
3. 活动安全:进行体育锻炼时,不要弄伤自己,不私自下河游泳等。
作文要求:1. 词数:80词左右；2. 作文应包含所有要点，可适当发挥；3. 作文句型有变化，有复合句。
参考词汇：焦点:focus ；遵守:obey； 交通规则:traffic rules...
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.写出审题步骤中的五个点：主题、体裁、时态、人称、内容要点
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.想要使用的逻辑关系及逻辑关系词：what’s more，besides，in addition，moreover...
3.开头句：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.中间段要点：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.结尾句：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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例题2
初中生活马上就要结束了,三年的初中生活一定给你留下了很多挥之不去的回忆。请你给大家讲一个最值得你回忆的故事。包括时间、人物、事情经过和事后你的感想(请不要写出真实的学校名称以及真实姓名)。memorable
提示词语: three years, memories, one of, one day, think, happy/ sorry
1.写出审题步骤中的五个点：主题、体裁、时态、人称、内容要点
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.想要使用的逻辑关系及逻辑关系词：then，after that，at last...等表示时间的词
3.开头句：
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.中间段要点：
梳理故事大纲，明确故事发展逻辑
参考故事：
科学活动：做模型飞机——我之前做过——但我的模型没有一团纸飞得远——感想开动脑筋，不要受限于固有思维
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.结尾句：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
三、高级表达
一．固定句型
1. It’s adj.+ for sb to do 做…对某人来说…
翻译:对你来说，了解多一些中国习俗是非常重要的。
_________________________________________________________________________
2.sb.can do nothing but do sth.=have no choice but to do 只好/只能......
翻译：我只好告诉他事实。_________________________________________________
3.主语+find/consider/think+it+形容词或名词+不定式
翻译：我发现看这部电影和有趣。_______________________________________
4.The reason why + 句子 …的原因是......
翻译: 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
______________________________________________________________________________
5.That is because + 句子 那是因为…
翻译: 那是因为如果我们睡不好，第二天学习的时候我们的状态会很糟糕。
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6.It is said that + 句子 据说… ; It is reported that + 句子 据报道…
翻译: 据说中医有4000多年的历史了。
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7.There is no doubt that + 句子 毫无疑问…
There is no denying that… 不容否认的是
翻译: 毫无疑问暴饮暴食对我们的健康有很大的坏处。
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8.It is high time that sb did/should do sth 是时候做某事了
翻译:我们是时候为环保做些事了。
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9.It is likely that … = There is a high possibility that… = (The) chances are that …很有可能
翻译: 如果我们现在不采取行动，那么将来我们将面临更加严重的环境问题。
______________________________________________________________________________
10.It is important/necessary for sb to do 对某人来说做某事是重要/必要(等)的
翻译: 对家长们来说帮助孩子们释放压力是很重要的。
______________________________________________________________________________
11.(Doing)sth(非谓语动词)is important (做)某事是重要的
Doing sth is also a good choice/a wise option. …也是一个不错的选择/英明的抉择
翻译: 参与志愿者活动是让自己业余生活更加丰富的一个好选择。
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12.The + ~er + S + V， ~~ the + ~er + S + V
The + more + adj + S + V， ~~ the + more + Adj + S + V愈……愈……
翻译: 你愈努力，你愈进步。________________________________________
13.By +Ving， can 借着……，……能够……
翻译: 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。__________________________________________________
翻译: 通过阅读，我们可以扩大视野。________________________________________________
14.感叹句What a + Adj + N + S + V！= How + Adj + a + N + V！（多么……！）
翻译:遵守诺言是多么重要的事！How...=What...
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15.Among various kinds of …，…= Of all the …， … 在各种…之中…
翻译:在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。______________________________________________
16.In my opinion， …= To my mind， …= As far as I am concerned， …= I am of the opinion that子句 就我的看法…；我认为…
翻译:就我的看法玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。
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17.the + 最高级+ 名词 +（that）+ I have ever seen/known/heard/had，etc）或 the most + 形容词 + 名词 +（that）I have ever seen/known/heard/had
翻译:张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。________________________________________________
翻译: 姚明是我所见过的最高的篮球运动员_________________________________________________
18.Nothing is +比较级+ than to + V. “没有比......更...的事了”
翻译: 没有比接受教育更重要的事。_________________________________________________
19.An advantage of is that + 句子 ……的优点是……
翻译: 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
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翻译:锻炼身体的优点是它可以让我们保持健康。
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20.What impresses me most is that…使我印象最深刻的是…(what主从+表从可广泛应用)
翻译: 使我印象最深刻的是我们跟农场里的工作人员学习如何挤牛奶。
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21.强调句 It is/ was+被强调部分+that/who…
e.g. It is our heart-warming gestures towards people in need that can make a difference to the world we live in.
翻译: 是这个男孩打破了窗户。
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22.倒装句：
（1）否定词置于句首，句子用部分倒装。一般说来，以下否定词位于句首，句子要用部分倒装：seldom, never, little, few, hardly, not, not until, in no way, by no means（绝不）, no longer 等。
如: Not only should we…，but also we ought to do…“既要做，又要做”“既可以，又可以”; Never does he come late. 他从不迟到。
翻译:直到河里的鱼全死了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。(Not until...)
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（2）Only+状语放句首倒装
Only in this way/by doing sth/ when… can we…
Only when you devote yourself to the study, can you know whether you can complete it on time or not. 只有当你全身心投入该研究中时,你才能得知能否按时完成.
翻译: 只有通过这种方式，你才能尽快取得提升/进步。
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23.提建议句型
had better (not) do 最好(不)做
It’s +adj./n. of/for sb. to do
I suggest that you (should) do 我建议你做…
be supposed to do 应该做
If I were you, I would do…我要是你的话，我会做…
Don’t forget to do=Remember to do...
Why not do / why don’t you do… 为什么不…
How about / what about doing …怎么样
24.主题句、承上启下句
(1)When it comes to..., I hold the view that … 当提到…，我认为
(2)I stand up for/ can’t agree more with one’s view/opinion that … 我赞同某人…的观点
(3)Every coin has two sides, and sth is no exception.
凡事有利有弊，…也不例外
(4)Just like a double-edged sword, sth has both advantages and disadvantages. 就像一把双刃剑，…既有利也有弊
(5)The reasons why … can be listed as follows. 某事的原因可以罗列如下 如:
The reason why you become fat/the reason why you are facing obesity problem is that+从句
高分句型
句型一：定语从句
句子结构：主句+相应关系词定语从句
使用条件：
(1)提供额外信息：当你想要为某个名词或代词提供额外的描述性信息时，可以使用定语从句。
例如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.”（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。）
(2)限定特定对象：当你想要限定或特指某个名词时，定语从句非常有用。
例如，“The person who stole my wallet is still at large.”（偷我钱包的那个人仍然在逃。）
(3)表达原因、条件或结果：有时，定语从句可以用来表达原因、条件或结果，从而提供更丰富的语境。
例如，“The reason why he didn't come to the party is that he was sick.”（他没来参加聚会的原因是他生病了。）
(4)连接两个相关概念：当两个概念之间存在某种关系时，定语从句可以帮助你将它们连接起来。
例如，“The man whom I met at the party last night is a famous author.”（我昨晚在聚会上遇到的那个人是一位著名的作家。）
(5)表达时间、地点或方式：定语从句也可以用来表达时间、地点或方式等概念。
例如，“The day when we first met was a sunny Tuesday.”（我们第一次见面的那天是一个阳光明媚的星期二。）
测试
请把以下可以使用定语从句结构的句子翻译成英
1.我喜欢我能理解的书籍。
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2.上周我认识了一位法语说得很流利的新朋友。
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3.我长大的那个城市这些年变化很大。
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4.窗户是蓝色的那座房子是我的。
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句型二：状语从句
高分句型之：“in that”
句子结构：in that 译为“因为...”
使用条件：写到 “因为...”的时候可以使用，放在句末／句首均可；可替换because
例：The film is unusual in that it features only four actors.这部电影的不同寻常之处在于它 只有四个演员。
训练
1.这是一次难忘的活动，因为我学到了很多关于动物的知识。
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2.我喜欢上英语课应为我们的英语老师非常有趣。
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高分句型之：“so as to”-so that
句子结构：so as to 译为“以...(表目的)”
使用条件：用于表示目的或结果，通常后面跟动词原形，构成不定式短语
例：Trees are being planted by the roadside so as to reduce the traffic noise.（道路两瓶种上了树以减少交通噪音。）
He studied hard so as to pass the exam.（他努力学习，以便通过考试。）
训练
用so as to翻译以下的句子
1.他们早起，以便赶上第一班车。______________________________________________
2.我存钱，以便买一辆新车。
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高分句型之：when
句子结构：1.be doing sth....when...
使用条件：描述一个正在进行的动作（be doing sth.），以及在这个动作进行的过程中 突然发生的另一件事（when...）。它强调两个动作的同时性或紧接着发生的顺序。
例：I was watching TV when the phone rang.（我正在看电视，这时电话响了。）
翻译：我正在看电视突然断电了。________________________________________________
2.be about to do...when...
使用条件：这个结构用于描述一个即将发生的动作（be about to do...），以及在这个动 作即将发生之前突然发生的另一件事（when...）。它强调动作的紧迫性和突然中断。
例：I was about to leave for school when I realized I had forgotten my keys.（我正要出门去 上班，这时我发现我忘了带钥匙。）
翻译：她正准备举手突然李明站了起来。_____________________________________________
3.had just done sth....when...
使用条件：这个结构用于描述一个刚刚完成的动作（had just done sth.），以及在这个动 作完成之后紧接着发生的另一件事（when...）。它强调动作的先后顺序和时间的紧密性。
例：I had just finished my homework when my friend called me to go out.（我刚做完作业，这时我的朋友打电话叫我出去。）
翻译：她刚刚睡着突然楼下传来了哭声。________________________________________________
检测
翻译以下的句子：
1.我们正在公园野餐突然下起了大雨。
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2.我正准备保存我的文件突然电脑坏了。
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高分句型之：the moment = as soon as
句子结构：主句+the moment+从句
使用条件：表示“一……就……”，即两个动作或事件在时间上紧密相连，第二个动作或事件紧接着第一个动作或事件发生。
例：I will tell him the news the moment he comes back.他一回来，我就会告诉他这个消息。（主将从现）
检测：
翻译以下句子
(1)他每天一到教室就开始大声朗读英语课本。
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(2)那天一放学就我回去给她妈妈准备晚餐了。
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高分句型三：宾语从句
（一）主语+及物动词+宾语从句引导词+宾语从句
常见动词及动词短语：say，wonder, see, know, tell, show, think, consider, find out等。
1. He said (that) he was good at drawing.
2. I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei.
3. She told me (that) she would like to go with us.
4. The teacher said (that) he was an honest boy.
5. His father shows us that we should study hard.
（二）主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语从句引导词+宾语从句
1.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.（我们正在讨论是否允许学生加入我们的俱乐部。）
2.It all depends on whether you will come to the party.（这都取决于你是否回来参加晚会。）
3.She insists on what she should do next.(她对她接下来要做的事非常坚持。）
（三）主语+系动词+形容词+宾语从句引导词+宾语从句
1. I’m not sure whether the road to the mountain will be closed.（我不确定通往那座山的路 是否关闭了。）
2. He is confident that he can win the match.（他很自信它能够赢得比赛，）
3. I’m sorry that I have troubled you so long.
（四）主语+find/feel/consider/believe/make it(形式宾语)+宾语补足语+that+宾语从句
1. We all find it important that we should make a quick decision about this matter.（我们都发 现我们应该快速做出对于这件事的决定，这是非常重要的。）
2. We believe it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
3. He felt it happy that he helped his mother do housework.
检测
把下列句子翻译成宾语从句
1. 他问我我是怎样学习英语的。_____________________________________________________
2. 他很高兴他的朋友在他生病时去看他。_____________________________________________________
3. 老师说他是一个诚实的孩子。__________________________________________________
4. 他感到很开心，他帮助他妈妈做了家务活。__________________________________________________
1.（2024·浙江·中考真题）假如你是李华，你的英国好友Candy暑期将来中国游学。请根据以下相关信息，写一封邮件，向她推荐一所合适的学校。
I like sports, and I’m interested in traditional Chinese art. Chinese food is great.
My cousin’s school ◆in the city center ◆a good ping-pong team ◆hand-made food classes My school ◆in the countryside ◆a new sports center ◆local art clubs
注意：
（1）邮件需包含所选学校至少两点相关信息，可适当发挥；
（2）文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息；
（3）词数80左右：邮件的首尾和第一句已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Candy,
I’m excited to know that you are coming to China soon.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
2.（2024·山东泰安·中考真题）中国传统节日是中华民族丰富多彩文化的重要组成部分。假如你是李平，你校英语社团正在开展以“Traditional Chinese Festivals”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下内容提示，写一篇英语短文投稿，介绍端午节的习俗和意义，并描述今年的端午节你是如何度过的。
内容提示：
1. What do you know about the Dragon Boat Festival
2. What do you think of this festival
3. How did you spend the Dragon Boat Festival
参考词汇：
the 5th day of the fifth lunar (农历) month；in honor of纪念；wormwood艾草；sachet香囊
要求：语句通顺，意思连贯，可适当发挥；词数80—100（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名、地名等与考生本人相关的信息。
I’m Li Ping from Class 1, Grade 9. There are many traditional festivals in our country.
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假如你校校报英语专栏正在以“Take care of yourself”为题举办征文活动，请根据以下内容要点和要求写一篇100词左右的短文投稿。
内容要点：1. 我们应从哪些方面做起，比如：身体健康（饮食、锻炼等）、生活技能（洗衣，做饭等）、心理健康（心态，抗挫等）……
2. 具体应该怎么做；
3. 这样做的好处是什么。
要求：
1. 至少从两个方面给出自己的看法；
2. 文中不得出现考生姓名、学校及其他相关信息；
3. 照抄试卷内容不得分。
Word bank
physical health身体健康；life skills生活技能；mental health 心理健康
Take care of yourself
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