【高考押题卷】2025年高考英语复习高频易错提高卷：说明文阅读理解（含解析）

2025年高考英语复习新题速递之说明文阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025 渭南二模） Situated Learning Theory （SLT），first presented by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger，explains the process and development of learning when individuals have the opportunity to participate in a community of practice.In such a community，new learners have more opportunities to practice within the context of learning.In this light，learning is unintentional.This unintentional nature of learning is what the authors call Legitimate Peripheral Participation （LPP） （合法的边缘性参与）.In LPP，the learner moves from the edge of the community to the center.At first，they participate around the edge and gain expertise until they become more skilled and become experts.
A similar theory is Situated Cognition （认知），proposed by John Seely Brown，Allan Collins and Paul Duguid.Their understanding goes deeper into the social nature of learning and argues that learning cannot be removed from the situations in which expertise is gained and merely be applied in school.The culture of conventional schooling influences what is learned，and decontextualized instruction does not lead to effective learning.
SLT has been used in school settings to improve teaching and learning.It's important，however，to notice that although the school offers the social context for learning，it sometimes falls short in the use of this theory.The construction of knowledge needs to be put in a proper and accurate context where learners can participate and apply what is learned.The nature of situated learning and the emphasis on LPP as a way to understand how learning develops can be applied in instruction to understand and design learning processes.
SLT is of great value in many ways.It brings to the table the importance of recognizing learning as a series of activities going beyond just sharing content.The interaction of the learner and the expert in the community of practice and the development of the former into a level of expertise together in a contextualized setting are what finally supports knowledge construction.
（1）What can we learn from Paragraph 1？　 　
A．Students must study under the guidance of experts.
B．Participating around the edge is crucial to learning.
C．Special communities are harmful to unintentional learning.
D．Learners can be experts by acquiring knowledge through LPP.
（2）What is the common ground of SLT and Situated Cognition？　 　
A．Expertise is merely from content﹣sharing.
B．Learning should happen in a related setting.
C．Effective learning is the result of decontextualization.
D．Conventional schooling influences the way of learning.
（3）What can be inferred from Paragraph 3？　 　
A．School needs to lower the expectations of SLT.
B．Learners must be taught the theoretical nature of SLT.
C．School should focus on the accurate application of SLT.
D．Teaching process relies on the academic instruction of SLT.
（4）Why is SLT of great significance according to the last paragraph？　 　
A．Because it helps enrich the learning process.
B．Because it reveals the importance of expertise.
C．Because it stresses the necessity of learning.
D．Because it explains the internal logic of teaching.
2．（2025 渭南二模） In a new study，researchers used artificial intelligence（AI） to confirm that an app can identify poison ivy（毒藤）.
Poison ivy ranks among the most medically problematic plants.Up to 50 million people worldwide suffer annually from rashes（皮疹） caused by contact with the plant，a climbing，woody vine native to America and several areas in Asia.
It's found on farms，in woods，landscapes，fields，hiking trails，and other open spaces.So，if you go to those places，poison ivy can lead to reactions that require medical attention.Worse，most people don't know poison ivy when they see it.
The new app could help change that.
"We were the first to do this，and it was designed as a tool for hikers or others working outdoors，"says Nathan Boyd，a professor at the UF/IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center."The app uses a camera to identify in real time if poison ivy is present and provides you with a measure of certainty for the detection.It also functions even if you are not connected with the Internet."
The next step is to make the app commercially available，and there's no timetable for that yet，Boyd says.
For the study，researchers collected thousands of images of poison ivy from five locations.
They labeled images，and in each image，scientists put boxes around the leaves and stems of the plant.The boxed images were critical because poison ivy has a unique leaf arrangement and shape.Scientists use those characteristics to identify the plant.
They then ran the images through AI programs and taught a computer to recognize which plants are poison ivy.They also included images of plants that are not poison ivy or plants that look like poison ivy to be certain the computer learns to distinguish them.
"We believe that by integrating an object﹣detection algorithm，public health，and plant science，our research can encourage and support further investigations to understand poison ivy distribution and minimize health concerns，"Boyd says.
（1）Who needs this app most？ 　 　
A.Wendy，a medical science student.
B.George，an adventurous game lover.
C.Mr.Johnathan，a computer engineer.
D.Ben James，an outdoor hiking enthusiast.
（2）What can we know about the app from the passage？ 　 　
A.It can work offline.
B.It's already come into the market.
C.It is supported by the genetic algorithm.
D.It applies sound waves to identify poison ivy.
（3）The last four paragraphs mainly talk about 　 　 .
A.the profit contribution made by the app
B.the steps to develop the app
C.the reason for inventing the app
D.the disadvantage of the app
（4）What is the suitable title for the passage？ 　 　
A.Good News to Rash Patients
B.An App Saves Poison Ivy
C.An AI﹣powered Poison Ivy Detector
D.Good Tools to Eliminate Poison Ivy
3．（2025 渭南二模） There are always some places that seem to go well beyond our earthly expectations.These incredible locations are similar to those in science fictions，catching our imagination and transporting us to otherworldly grounds.
Cappadocia，Turkey
Located in central Anatolia，the area is known for its unusual rock formations known as"fairy chimneys".These columns，created by volcanoes and erosion（腐蚀） over millions of years，give the region its otherworldly appearance.
Tsingy de Bemaraha
The remarkable sight attracts visitors with its unique limestone （石灰石） formations.Stretching over1，500﹣square kilometers，Tsingy，which means "where one cannot walk barefoot，"contains sharp surfaces and underground caves，forming a dramatic landscape.Adventurers can explore the park via bridges and ladders to witness the breathtaking beauty of this natural wonder.
Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park
Located in China's Gansu Province，Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park contains landforms that are one of nature's masterpieces.Its vivid，rainbow﹣colored rock formations have been shaped by wind and water erosion over millions of years.The layers of red，orange and yellow create a landscape that looks as if it is on a different planet altogether.
Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula
Located within the remarkable landscapes of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula，the cenotes （洞井）present a place of otherworldly beauty.These natural sinkholes，created by the collapse of their limestone bases，open up into charming underground caves and shining pools.Rays of sunlight dance through the openings in the walls，lighting up the waters below，telling a tale of nature's artistry.
Visiting these places not only provides a visual feast，but also reminds us of the incredible wonder here on the Earth.
（1）What features Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park？ 　 　
A.Its sharp grounds.
B.Its colorful rocks.
C.Its fairy chimneys.
D.Its underground caves.
（2）What can be learned from this text？ 　 　
A.Visitors can only explore Tsingy de Bemaraha through ladders.
B.Cappadocia attracts visitors with its unique limestone formations.
C.The unique landscape in Zhangye is shaped by volcanic activities.
D.The collapse of the limestone bases created the natural wonder in Yucatan Peninsula.
（3）In which magazine can we probably read this text？ 　 　
A.Nature Medicine.
B.The Economist.
C.National Geographic.
D.Chinese Translators Journal.
4．（2025 渭南二模） Economist Tyler Cowen argues that traditional interview methods are not effective in determining the best candidates for a job，especially in creative roles.Candidates who are well﹣prepared often pass these interviews，but this only tests their preparation and not their abilities.
To determine the best candidates，Cowen suggests that interviewers concentrate on authenticity（真实性）and spontaneity（自发性） in their interactions with candidates，rather than relying on pre﹣written questions.
The interviewer should be trustworthy，Cowen argues，as it helps them better evaluate the authenticity of candidates.Eventually， "better talent allocation （分配）"contributes to economic growth，and more thoughtful interview methods can help identify more talented individuals and elevate them to greater opportunities.Cowen adds， "There are too many interview questions，and every interviewer is ready.For example， 'What mistakes did you make in your previous job？'But many candidates just didn't prepare well and didn't provide a good answer.So in most cases，for better candidates，you are actually just preparing for testing.But for more creative jobs，you will lose candidates with other qualities."
"How to get people into what I call the"Real Mode"largely depends on who they are，as well as who you are.If I am interviewing a candidate，my favorite discussions are just those without scripts.I prefer to have these conversations without asking questions.I hope they are natural.I like spontaneity—how to achieve it depends on the environment，work，how much time you have，and many other factors."
"An estimate suggests that since the 1960s，20% to 40% of US economic growth has come from"better talent allocation".If we had a fresher and more creative interview process，I do think people would be more thoughtful.They will think more deeply about the work they will be engaged in.I think we will find talents that we haven't seen so far.We will enable more people to have greater opportunities."
（1）How does the author start this passage？ 　 　
A.By giving numbers.
B.By identifying a problem.
C.By listing survey results.
D.By giving a definition.
（2）What does the underlined word"elevate"in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ 　 　
A.Challenge.
B.Restrict.
C.Promote.
D.Defeat.
（3）What is the purpose of mentioning"better talent allocation"in the passage？ 　 　
A.To explain the role of interviewees in interviews.
B.To display the impact of talent allocation on job hunting.
C.To stress the importance of talent allocation for interviewees.
D.To make people rethink interview approaches for better talent allocation.
（4）This passage is mainly written to 　 　 .
A.interviewers
B.interviewees
C.graduates
D.career trainers
5．（2025 浙江二模） The rich aroma of freshly roasted coffee filled the air inside a quaint stone cabin in the eastern Chinese village that houses Frank Sterzer's café：Bamboo Coffee Roasters.
After more than 20 years as an engineer and executive with leading automobile companies in Germany and China，Frank has found a new calling and fulfillment in the village of Maoli near Ningbo in Zhejiang province.Inspired by his lifelong love of coffee，a passion for roasting beans prompted Frank to turn what had been a hobby into a thriving business. "Zhejiang's countryside has excellent infrastructure and beautiful landscapes，and I find it the ideal place to start my business，" Frank says.
Maoli is located less than a 30﹣minute drive from the Ningbo city center，striking a pleasing balance between urban convenience and rural tranquility.
For Frank，the experience of sipping a cup of coffee while enjoying a slice of handmade cake and gazing at the countryside，captures the type of serene lifestyle he hopes to share with visitors. "Bamboo Coffee Roasters is a place to share the charm of this mountain village with visitors from all over the world，" he explains.
The café is named after the abundance of bamboo around Maoli，while its logo was inspired by a photograph Frank took of a nearby bamboo forest.He has also created a small coffee factory behind the shop front，where excellent beans from around the world are neatly stacked next to gently humming roasting machines.He roasts 10 metric tons a year.All these have become key components of the café's success.
Since opening in June 2024，Bamboo Coffee Roasters has quickly become a popular destination，attracting visitors from near and far including international travelers taking advantage of China's expanded visa﹣free policies.Frank's own family took advantage of this policy，with his mother and siblings visiting last year.
Before the Spring Festival，the café was welcoming guests from all over，including nearby cities like Hangzhou and Shanghai. "We came to Ningbo for local delicacies and business，purchasing local produce.Products such as honey oranges，bamboo shoots and tea have also found wider markets，thanks to the café's popularity，" one tourist said.
（1）What made Frank set up the café in Maoli？　 　
A.The village's outstanding facilities and picturesque sceneries.
B.China's expanded visa﹣free policies for international travelers.
C.Frank's newly found enthusiasm for coffee and roasting beans.
D.The combination of urban convenience with rural booming industry.
（2）What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？　 　
A.The operation of Frank's business.
B.The hardships of running the business.
C.Origins of Bamboo Coffee Roasters.
D.The vast profit earned from the business.
（3）Why is the tourist remark mentioned in the last paragraph？　 　
A.To prove guests from all over promoted Frank's business.
B.To tell us the popularity of Frank's business enhanced local economy.
C.To share with readers the intense interest of tourists in exploring Ningbo.
D.To advertise for the local businesses to promote the sale of local produce.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？　 　
A.An overnight celebrity：from engineer to business founder
B.Relaxing Coffee culture：a new trend of lifestyle in Zhejiang villages
C.A Perfect integration：the fragrance of coffee and the peace of rural life
D.Bamboo Coffee Roasters：a miracle of international investment in China
6．（2025 江西模拟） With the launch of ChatGPT in 2022，Open AI's chabot attracted 100 million users within weeks.Investors also piled in.Yet across the economy，only 5% of American businesses say they are using AI in their products and services.Few AI businesses are turning a profit.
Despite the disparity between investor enthusiasm and business reality，the race is on to make it more efficient and more useful.Yet several things are slowing AI development.Training big models needs huge amounts of energy.The electricity used to train GPT﹣4 could have powered 5，000 American homes for a year.Developing ever larger models thus requires deeper pockets.Meanwhile，there is a shortage of training data.
Companies worldwide are coming up with clever fixes to these problems，from more efficient and specialized chips to smaller models that need less power.Others are dreaming up ways of tapping new，high﹣quality data sources such as textbooks for use in training.Whether these will lead to improvements in the technology is still unclear.For end users of AI，a different kind of struggle is underway，as individuals and companies try to work out how best to use the technology.As the technology becomes more advanced，adoption may accelerate.
But culture also matters.Much use of AI is in secret，as workers use it to streamline tasks such as rewriting text or generating reports.Employees may worry that if they admit to using AI to get things done more quickly，bosses will give them more work to do，or take this as a signal that fewer workers are needed.This in turn suggests that AI adoption is as much a management challenge as a technological one.To get the most out of the technology，bosses need to create an open environment.
The AI race will take many forms in 2025，yet the point about which investors are doubtful is often when new technologies quietly start gaining force.Will the bubble burst，or will the technology start to deliver？The answer in 2025 may be a bit of both.
（1）What does the underlined word"disparity"in Para.2 mean？ 　 　
A.Distance.
B.Formation.
C.Replacement.
D.Connection.
（2）How do companies reduce electricity consumption？ 　 　
A.By getting government funds.
B.By trading data for power.
C.By building smaller models.
D.By developing new power sources.
（3）What is considered as a solution to the management challenge？ 　 　
A.Removing the cultural barrier for AI design.
B.Replacing human workers with AI assistants.
C.Finding high﹣quality data sources for training.
D.Creating an open environment for adopting AI.
（4）Where is the text probably taken from？ 　 　
A.An economic report.
B.A science report.
C.A lifestyle magazine.
D.A career guidebook.
7．（2025 浙江二模） Does AI have dementia，a serious mental disorder？Dayan，a cognitive specialist from Hadassah Medical Center and his colleague—Dr.Benjamin，a neurologist，and Gal，a data scientist at London﹣based Quantum Black Analytics，administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment，or MoCA，to five leading LLMs （ChatGPT﹣4，ERGPT﹣40，Claude，Gemini 1 and Gemini1.5）.This assesses cognitive impairment（认知缺陷） by giving "patients" a variety of simple tasks.For example，copy the drawing of a cube.Give as many words as you can that begin with the letter "F." Subtract seven from 100 until you reach zero.
To Dayan's surprise，none of the models obtained the full score of 30 points.Most scored between 18 and 25，indicating mild cognitive impairment associated with early dementia.Every model outperformed the average person in attention and memory﹣related tasks but faltered on visual and spatial tasks，such as those that asked them to draw or orient themselves in the universe.
Researchers also showed the chat﹣bots the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination "cookie theft" picture，of a boy standing on a bench to steal cookies as his mother washes dishes. "Patients" describe it while analysts assess their speech and language function.All models correctly interpreted parts of the image，the study found，but none expressed concern that the boy was about to fall.This lack of empathy is commonly associated with front﹣to﹣temporal dementia，the study authors said.Notably，older models performed worse on the MoCA than newer versions.The authors drew a resemblance（相似点） between "dementia" risk in aging AI and in human brains.
This December 2024 study was carried out for the Christmas edition of The BMJ—one of the world's most medical journals，subjecting all articles to a thorough peer review process.In some way，the study was written more "tongue﹣in﹣cheek".Methodologically，LLMs should not be examined by methods meant for people.However，the results may spark conversations about the differences between AI and human doctors—and the important roles both can play.
（1）What can be inferred about the AI models' performance on visual and spatial tasks？　 　
A.They performed better than humans on these tasks.
B.They struggled more on these tasks compared to memory﹣related tasks.
C.They showed no difference in performance across all tasks.
D.They were unable to complete any visual or spatial tasks.
（2）What did the researchers do to carry out the study in paragraph 3？　 　
A.They assessed the computing ability of the AI models.
B.They tracked how the AI models processed the picture.
C.They measured the AI models' scores of series of tests.
D.They analyzed the AI models' ability of interpreting the picture.
（3）How does the passage develop？　 　
A.It presents a problem，describes a study，and then discusses the results.
B.It compares different AI models and their development over time.
C.It develops by making comparisons between AI models and humans.
D.It lists the advantages and disadvantages of using AI in medical testing.
（4）What is the author's attitude toward the study's findings？　 　
A.Skeptical.
B.Enthusiastic.
C.Neutral.
D.Critical.
8．（2025 晋中模拟） As night falls，a hedgehog（猬）peeks its nose through a doorway far too small for any human to use，This five﹣inch﹣tall secret passage was made just for hedgehogs.
Over the past few decades，European hedgehog habitat has been carved up as people turned natural public spaces into private，walled﹣off gardens.Although hedgehogs can thrive in gardens they need plenty of roaming room to find food，mates ，and places to hibernate（多民）.But walls fences ，and other barriers block the hedgehogs' movements and reduce their population.
European hedgehogs are now in danger of extinction in the United Kingdom.So local conservationists came up with a solution. " We make small gaps in and under people's fences that basically let the hedgehogs into their gardens，" says Grace Johnson，hedgehog officer for the Hedgehog Street campaign，a nationwide effort by the People's Trust for EndangeredSpecies and the British Hedgehog Preservation Society， " We call them * hedgehog highways'!"
Conservationists and the volunteers who created holes in their fences sometimes use camera traps to make sure the system is working.But they also rely on more low﹣tech methods：They place sticks at the openings of the holes.If a stick is knocked down，they'll know a hedgehog passed through.
According to Grace Johnson，most people who install a door report more hedgehog activity in their backyard.That's good news for gardeners：The little visitors keep down the numbers of crop﹣eating caterpillars and other insects.
Thanks to the highway system，more than 40，000 gardens in the United Kingdom are now connected，and the group is adding more each year.Keep cruising，hedgehogs!
（1）What has caused the current situation of European hedgehog population？ 　 　
A.The expansion of natural public spaces.
B.The shortage of food and water sources.
C.The transformation of habitats by humans.
D.The increasing number of natural enemies.
（2）Why were the hedgehog highways built？ 　 　
A.To beautify the gardens.
B.To save hedgehogs from extinction.
C.To block the hedgehogs' movements.
D.To encourage more people to raise hedgehogs.
（3）How does Grace Johnson find the hedgehog highways？ 　 　
A.Beneficial.
B.Traditional.
C.Costly.
D.Ordinary.
（4）Where is the text most probably taken from？ 　 　
A.A nature journal.
B.A book review.
C.A novel on animals.
D.A magazine on gardening.
9．（2025 晋中模拟） A recent study published in Cell offers insights into how the brain clears waste during sleep.The research suggests that regular contractions of blood vessels（血管），driven by a chemical，play an important role.This mechanism，observed in mice，could have important effects on understanding sleep diseases and improving sleep aids.
Unlike other parts of the body，the brain lacks a typical waste﹣removal system.It depends on the glymphatic（胶质淋巴） system，which uses cerebrospinal fluid（CSF）（脑脊液） to clear away waste.Scientists were aware that the glymphatic system was more active during sleep，but the exact mechanism remained unclear.
To uncover it，a team led by Maiken Nedergaard at the University of Rochester Medical Center conducted an experiment.They put tiny devices into mice's brains to monitor elements such as blood volume and chemical levels as the mice slept.During non﹣REM sleep，a stage when the brain undergoes self﹣repair，they found that a chemical named norepinephrine（去甲肾上腺素） was released.Norepinephrine causes blood vessels to contract.Its release and the corresponding change in blood volume occurred in a cycle，about every 50 seconds.Moreover，the team discovered that CSF flow also varied with norepinephrine levels.
To confirm this relationship，the scientists artificially increased the frequency of norepinephrine release in the mice's brains.As a result，the CSF was able to move deeper into the brain.This proved that the regular movement of blood vessels drives the flow of CSF.
The research also examined the impact of the sleep drug zolpidem.It was found that zolpidem made the release of norepinephrine less regular and damaged the CSF's waste﹣clearing ability.Despite its widespread use，the researchers emphasize the need for further human studies to fully understand its effects.
This study provides a clearer understanding of the brain's self﹣cleaning process during sleep.Future work can focus on developing new sleep aids that preserve this essential brain﹣cleaning function.They will have a bright future.
（1）What is the function of the glymphatic system？ 　 　
A.To help the brain grow.
B.To produce cerebrospinal fluid.
C.To remove waste from the brain.
D.To monitor blood volume in the brain.
（2）Why did Nedergaard's team do the research on mice？ 　 　
A.To develop new treatments for brain disorders.
B.To investigate a certain mechanism in the brain.
C.To study the effects of norepinephrine on blood vessels.
D.To understand the function of chemical levels in humans.
（3）What is paragraph 5 mainly about？ 　 　
A.A further human study for a sleep drug.
B.A new method to reduce waste﹣clearing ability.
C.An effective sleep aid to improve the brain activities.
D.The impact of zolpidem on brain waste﹣clearing functions.
（4）What is the author's attitude towards the future development of sleep aids？ 　 　
A.Doubtful.
B.Uncaring.
C.Positive.
D.Negative.
10．（2025 江西模拟） The sequel（续编） to the block extraordinary Chinese animation film，Ne Zha，was released on Chinese New Year's day，that is，Jan 29.
Like many other Chinese movies，Ne Zha 2 is also based on a Chinese mythological figure﹣﹣﹣protective deity（神） Ne Zha.The film's script is based on a popular 17th century Chinese novel，the Investiture of the Gods，which is one of the first major literary works to feature"deities""and"demons"in Taoism and Buddhism.
How come films based on Chinese mythology have become massive hits at the box office？Ne Zha 2 symbolizes rebellion.The image of Ne Zha has been modified from the traditional tragic hero"returning to his father"to a modern rebel who "changes his destiny against God's will，which is in line with the spiritual aspirations of today's youths and their determination to fight against labeling and pursue their goals.This kind of modification breaks the character's"sacredness"myth，enabling it to resonate with the audience.
The film is a fusion of cultural symbols.It combines punk style，modern colloquialism（俗话），names and other elements such as the"Sichuan﹣style Mandarin" accent of Master Taiyi who is the tutor of Ne Zha.This practice grafts traditional cultural symbols with popular culture，making the film appealing to the audience.At the same time，it fosters a unique cultural identity.
Ne Zha 2 is a great innovation in visual aesthetics（美感）.The movie drives Gen Next Internet of things with 5 G and smart technology，with fascinatingly innovative art direction，especially the misty landscape，which enhances the experience of going to the theater.That Ne Zha has been created with utmost care is evident from the fact that the character on the screen maintains its oriental aesthetic mood.Indeed，Ne Zha could become a new cultural brand of China.
The film also illustrates changing family ethics.By transforming NeZha's parents，Mr and Mrs Li Jing，from traditional，strict parents to loving father and mother who "go against God's will to protect their son"，the filmmaker reconstructs Chinese family relationships，echoing the younger generation's pursuit of"family roots" and building a cross﹣generational emotional connection.
The film demonstrates the technological heroism of Chinese animators，reflecting Chinese film makers" cultural confidence.Furthermore，the production team has increased the character count threefold from the prequel （前篇），an accomplishment that seems to have impressed audiences.The number of special effects shots in Ne Zha 2 alone surpasses the total number of shots in Ne Zha 1，giving audiences a visually spectacular experience.This reflects a commitment to create a more immersive and awe﹣inspiring cinematic journey.
（1）What is the main theme of the movie"Ne Zha 2 Demon Child Conquers the Sea"？ 　 　
A.A courageous tragic hero returning to his father.
B.A contemporary rebel who does not submit to his given fate.
C.A story about a deity who follows traditional values.
D.A tale of a hero who adheres to societal norms.
（2）What can we infer from paragraph 4？ 　 　
A.The film adopts classical Chinese literature exclusively.
B.Modern cultural references are neglected in the film.
C.Traditional mythological elements are solely focused on.
D.The film gives full play to different elements like present﹣day dialects.
（3）What technological advancement is employed in"Ne Zha 2"？ 　 　
A.The use of 2 D animation techniques.
B.The reliance on traditional hand﹣drawn animation.
C.The blend of 5 G and smart technology.
D.The adoption of Chinese martial arts.
（4）How does the film illustrate the concept of family relationships？ 　 　
A.By portraying Ne Zha's parents as strict and traditional figures.
B.By ignoring the role of family in Ne Zha's lifetime.
C.By representing Ne Zha's parents as affectionate and protective characters.
D.By unfolding Ne Zha as an orphan with no family ties.
11．（2025 毕节市模拟） Honeybees are busy.They need to locate food sources first，and then return to the hive （蜂巢） to communicate the location to other bees.This requires them to make efforts to repeatedly travel back and forth between the hive and the food source while navigating any unavoidable barriers in their flight paths.
"Honeybees encounter numerous difficulties when choosing efficient routes through crowded environments，and we are initially interested in understanding how they select the safest and least energy﹣consuming paths，" said Marielle Ong，a researcher at the University of Queensland in Australia.To study the bees' navigation，Ong and her team set up small barrier courses for over a hundred honeybees.The bees had to choose between two openings of different sizes along the way.As a group，the bees generally preferred the larger opening，which is logical—it reduces the risk of crashing with walls.
However，when Ong examined the choices made by individual bees，she found something interesting. "We discovered that 55 percent of the bees had no preference，while the remaining 45 percent were divided between bees that favored the left and those that favored the right." In other words，some honeybees exhibit a form of sidedness.Although they don't have hands，let's consider them as either left﹣handed or right﹣handed.For example，a right﹣handed bee would choose to navigate through the narrower right﹣side opening rather than the larger and safer left﹣side one.Sometimes，bees with a sidedness would even land and walk through the smaller opening to use their preferred side.
These forms of sidedness actually help the bee members of a large group navigate complex environments without crashing into each other.If all bees were right﹣handed，it would take much longer for the entire group to pass through a small opening，such as a hive entrance.But with a mix of left﹣and right﹣handed bees，the group can move more quickly when encountering barriers.
Ong believes that this finding could one day be applied by engineers.They could design robotic drone swarms to navigate barriers more efficiently.They could even program self﹣driving cars to operate more like an orderly group of honeybees rather than a chaotic group of humans.
（1）Which of the following words best describes the honeybees' work？ 　 　
A．Dangerous.
B．Easy.
C．Boring.
D．Challenging.
（2）What is the primary focus of Ong's research on honeybees？ 　 　
A．How bees share food locations with others in hives.
B．How bees use their sight to avoid barriers.
C．How bees choose safe and energy﹣saving paths.
D．How bees choose the fastest routes.
（3）What does the underlined word "sidedness" in Para.3 refer to？ 　 　
A．A preference for one direction.
B．The size for the opening.
C．The skill of avoiding crash.
D．A habit of landing and walking.
（4）What potential field could Ong's finding be used in？ 　 　
A．Agriculture.
B．Transportation.
C．Medicine.
D．Architecture.
12．（2025 抚顺模拟） Simon Jenkins' A Short History of British Architecture is both an educational guide and a passionate analysis.The book is divided into two distinct halves：the first 200 pages offer a time﹣ordered summary of British architectural history，while the final 70 pages present a strong criticism of modernist urban planning.
In the first half，Jenkins introduces readers to the "language" of architecture，explaining stylistic differences such as Doric versus Corinthian columns and early English versus perpendicular Gothic.He favors grand structures like monuments（历史遗迹）and country houses，rather than everyday buildings.His admiration for the 18th century's "golden age" is clear，as he sees it as a time when architecture was improved and widely understood by the upper class.However，he appears less enthusiastic about more experimental architects like Nicholas Hawksmoor and Sir John Soane.
The second half shifts to a more argumentative style，where Jenkins strongly criticizes postwar modernist planning，which he believes led to the destruction of many British cities.He blames architects，planners，and politicians for prioritizing cars and disregarding traditional urban spaces.Le Corbusier，often accused of shaping these ideas，is a key target of his analysis.While his arguments are familiar，Jenkins' firsthand experience in heritage（遗产）preservation adds weight to his concerns.He writes that it is because of these disasters that he wants to educate the public in architecture，so they won't be misled by professionals in the future.This goal is one that anyone who loves the art of building can appreciate.
Despite his engaging storytelling，Jenkins' focus on architectural style may feel too academic.He presents buildings as artistic objects rather than lived spaces shaped by social and historical forces.While he highlights the elitism（精英主义）of modernist architects，he fails to notice how the "golden age" of architecture was funded by seizures and slavery.Nevertheless，his call for public awareness in architecture is persuasive，even if his approach is somewhat old﹣fashioned.
（1）What is a feature of the book according to Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A．It mainly praises modern designs.
B．It provides a purely technical view.
C．It focuses only on past architecture.
D．It balances history with critical insight.
（2）What can we learn about the author from the first half of the book？ 　 　
A．His residence.
B．His preferences.
C．His differences.
D．His appearance.
（3）Why does Jenkins stress the importance of public awareness in architecture？ 　 　
A．To promote modern urban design.
B．To protect traditional architecture.
C．To prevent misinformation by experts.
D．To encourage public architectural study.
（4）What is a weakness of Jenkins' architectural view？ 　 　
A．Lack of vivid description.
B．Overemphasis on design.
C．Ignorance of preservation.
D．Oversimplification of history.
13．（2025 毕节市模拟） For generations，scientists have used microscopes to study the basic units of life.Now，they are working on something even more ambitious：creating complete virtual copies of human cells — called artificial intelligence virtual cells （AIVCs） — that can be studied and tested using artificial intelligence.
To see why this is such a huge challenge，think about what makes cells so complicated.Each human cell has about 42 million protein molecules and 20，000 different genes.These parts interact in very complicated ways that we are still trying to fully understand.They don't work alone；instead，they form huge networks that can change a lot with even small adjustments.
Two major breakthroughs are now making virtual cells possible：the rapid growth in ways to collect biological data and the big improvements in artificial intelligence.Modern labs can produce huge amounts of data about what's inside cells and how they behave.In fact，the amount of data doubles every six months.
The potential uses of this system could completely change medicine.Imagine doctors being able to create a "digital twin" of your cells — a virtual copy they can use to test different treatments on a computer before giving them to you.This could be especially useful for cancer treatment.Doctors could see how different drug combinations affect cancer cells，avoid harmful side effects，and find the best treatment more quickly.
But the benefits would go far beyond just helping individual patients.Cancer researchers could use these virtual cells to understand how certain genetic changes turn healthy cells into cancerous ones.Developmental biologists could track how cells change as living things grow，possibly finding new ways to treat age﹣related diseases.Microbiologists could model viral infections to predict not only how viruses affect single cells but also how they might impact whole organs or systems.
Emma Lundberg，an associate professor of bioengineering and pathology at Stanford，says， "This project needs cooperation across different scientific fields，industries and countries.We know that fully functional models might take more than a decade to develop.But with today's fast﹣growing AI and huge amounts of data，it's the right time for us to come together and aim high."
（1）What is the main purpose of creating AIVCs？ 　 　
A．To replace microscopes.
B．To collect biological data.
C．To simplify cellular interactions.
D．To study cells using AI.
（2）What can enable the creation of virtual cells？ 　 　
A．Increased data collection and AI advancements.
B．Newly﹣made microscopes and data storage skills.
C．The discovery of new genes.
D．The development of digital twins.
（3）What's the main idea of Para.4？ 　 　
A．The challenge of creating virtual cells.
B．The benefits of virtual cells for medicine.
C．The importance of testing treatments.
D．The advancements of AI technology.
（4）What may contribute to the project according to Emma？ 　 　
A．Rapid advancements in AI alone.
B．Availability of functional models.
C．Joint efforts from different fields.
D．Focus on huge amounts of data.
14．（2025 抚顺模拟） Psychologists define motivation as the desire or drive to initiate and maintain a particular behavior，which can be categorized into internal and external motivation.Internal motivation occurs when an activity is seen as an end in itself，such as playing video games，because the experience itself is enjoyable or meaningful.External motivation，on the other hand，involves pursuing a task as a means to an end，like visiting the dentist for healthy teeth，where the reward comes later.
While external rewards，such as payment，may seem appealing，their effectiveness can be short﹣lived.A 2017 study found that people who focused too much on outcomes were less likely to stick to their New Year's resolutions.Research shows that high levels of internal motivation are more likely to sustain long﹣term engagement.However，daily actions are rarely driven by purely internal or external factors.For example，studying history may be internally motivated by curiosity about ancient Egypt，but external factors like grades or family pressure can also play a role.
However，having multiple motivators isn't always beneficial.A study of military staff found that those driven by both internal factors，such as the pursuit of self﹣improvement，and external factors，like the desire for a well﹣paying job，were less motivated overall than those driven by just one factor.Psychologists call this the over﹣justification effect，where additional external motivators can undermine existing internal drive.
For students preparing for exams，understanding the balance between internal and external motivation is crucial for maintaining focus and avoiding burnout.Learning requires both personal interest and external goals，but over﹣reliance on external rewards can weaken internal motivation，reducing efficiency.Therefore，finding a balance between internal and external motivators is key to maintaining long﹣term focus.
In conclusion，maintaining motivation is a dynamic process that requires careful management of both personal interest and external goals.Students should develop their internal motivation while using external rewards strategically to support their long﹣term focus and success.
（1）What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about？ 　 　
A.The classification of stress.
B.The definition of motivation.
C.The meaning of achievements.
D.The significance of experiences.
（2）What is a feature of external motivation according to the text？ 　 　
A.It ignores the final result.
B.It leads to steady progress.
C.It determines daily choices.
D.It tends to weaken over time.
（3）What does the author suggest readers do with multiple motivators？ 　 　
A.Boost them equally.
B.Favor external factors.
C.Depend only on one.
D.Manage them wisely.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A.Balancing Internal and External Drive.
B.Understanding Personal and External Needs.
C.Managing Self﹣Driven and Goal﹣Directed Tasks.
D.Exploring Psychological and Behavioral Aspects.
15．（2025 江西模拟） "There are between 10 and 50 billion potentially habitable worlds in our galaxy"，says Bill Diamond.He is the chief executive of the US﹣based research organization Seti（Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence）."Seti is looking for science and technology beyond the solar system as the evidence of life and intelligence，and that's by and large a needle in a haystack problem，"Mr Diamond says."We're looking for something that is likely exceedingly rare and may be very difficult to find and extract from the background phenomena that you're observing at the same time."
But the ability of AI to both handle massive datasets and to spot anomalies（异常现象） is transforming the hunt for alien intelligence.Mr Diamond points to AI enabling the search for new types of radio signals from aliens.Traditionally，Seti has looked for narrowband（窄频的） signals like those used by humans."But there was always the question，What if there's an alien advanced technology that is using wideband radio？'And if that's the case，our traditional methods wouldn't work；it would look like a bunch of noise on the screen."However，Mr Diamond says that the ability of AI to handle massive amounts of data means it's possible to take millions of"snapshots" of the snowy audio picture over time，and to start to look for patterns.
Researcher Peter Ma developed an AI system to examine telescope data and distinguish between possible alien signals and interference.His team simulated both types of noise and trained the AI to identify them.Mr Ma says that an alien signal can，for example，only appear when we point our telescopes at it and disappear when we point away.The project has already identified eight potential alien signals that went undetected by traditional analysis.However，Mr Ma believes that as the observations haven't yet been repeated，they are probably false positives.
It's early days，and any promising results generated by AI need to be confirmed by other observations，or by physics﹣based models，before they can be shouted from the rooftops.But as more and more data are collected and analyzed，the chances of detecting alien life—if it exits—are increasing all the time.
（1）What does Mr Diamond stress in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.The ambition to explore the solar system.
B.The challenge of spotting aliens.
C.The existence of alien intelligence.
D.The capability of artificial intelligence.
（2）What does Mr Diamond want to prove by mentioning"wideband radio"in Paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.The high IQ of aliens.
B.The deafening narrowband signal sources.
C.The potential for the application of AI.
D.The occurrence of new patterns.
（3）What will Mr Ma depend on to judge his discovery？ 　 　
A.The repetitive signals.
B.The identified data.
C.The simulated noise.
D.The conventional analysis.
（4）What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean？ 　 　
A.Before they can be imitated by physicists.
B.Before they can be talked about privately.
C.Before they can be confirmed under observation.
D.Before they can be made public.
16．（2025 吉林模拟）
The fast autonomous logging machine advanced down a Swedish forest path and scanned for piled logs to transport.It then lifted them up and loaded them onto its trailer.A new study of the truck﹣size robot suggests it could help forest workers with at least some deadly jobs.
"It's the first trial for us to see that the machine we built is perhaps capable of doing what we were dreaming it could do，" says Pedro La Hera，a roboticist and lead author of the study.Traditional logging jobs are often requiring operators to multitask and bear nearly constant vibration （振动） while operating logging vehicles.Tired foresters don't always pay attention to other plants in the area，thus damaging the ecosystems around them.Logging is also dangerous；in the U.S.，it has one of the highest death rates of any industry.
Roboticists，software engineers and forestry scholars in Sweden set out to automate some logging tasks.They used GPS to set a path in a clear﹣cut area and equipped the vehicle with a computer vision system to help it identify，pick up and release cut logs.The predetermined task sequence （序列） demonstrates how，in a controlled environment，a machine with little to no human oversight could operate.
"We have problems getting help working in the woods，" says Thomas Douglass，a logger in Guilford，Maine， "So it's definitely an advancement."
For now these vehicles' use may be limited to Sweden，where nearly all paths in forests are well identified，and satellites provide information on logged areas.Loggers in the U.S.，in contrast，harvest trees both in plantations and in natural stands where self﹣piloted machinery would face more challenges.
Still，the research highlights aspects of autonomous machinery that are worth developing further，says Dalia Abbas，a forester who has investigated the effects of logging operations in environmentally sensitive areas.Eventually，Abbas says，she "would definitely hope that it takes into account the fuller range of where it's operating，whether it carries wildlife，other contaminants （污染物） or insects that come with the logs to avoid any harm，and its sensitivity to the terrain （地形）."
（1）Which of the following best describes the traditional logging jobs？ 　 　
A.Demanding and risky.
B.Tiring but rewarding.
C.Profitable but dangerous.
D.Promising and creative.
（2）What is paragraph 3 mainly about？ 　 　
A.Where the logging machinery works best.
B.What challenges the logging machinery faces.
C.How the logging machinery achieves automation.
D.Why GPS technology is used in the logging process.
（3）Why is the use of automated logging vehicles restricted to Sweden？ 　 　
A.Its loggers are well equipped.
B.Its forests are fully monitored.
C.Its roads are specially designed.
D.Its logged areas are easily accessible.
（4）What is a future consideration for developing the logging machine？ 　 　
A.Its capacity of loading logs.
B.Its impact on the ecosystem.
C.The replacement of human labor.
D.The convenience of its operation.
17．（2025 自贡校级二模） At any given moment，about seven microliters of tears are present in each of our eyes﹣about a tenth of a drop of water.Tears are more than salty water—they deliver oxygen and nutrients to our eyes，remove waste and serve as the first line of defense against disease.
Research has shown that markers of many of the most common diseases like cancer are found in tears.Work is already under way to confirm the use of such markers for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.Recently，a technology named TearExo has been developed for breast cancer screening using patients' tears.That could greatly reduce the costs of testing.
Actually，the potential merits of tears as indicators of health go beyond occasional testing.One promising tear﹣based technology is a smart contact lens that continuously monitors a patient's biomarkers，significantly improving disease prevention and early detection.Recently，a smart contact lens has been successfully developed for continuous glucose monitoring and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.Such a product probably won't be ready for commercial use for several years.However，about 45 million people in the US already wear contact lenses to correct their vision，so switching to a smart version will be simple for them.
Interestingly，NASA ever suggested using tear markers to monitor astronauts' health in space.This allowed us to better understand the effects on human health of long﹣term exposure to space environmental factors like weightlessness.Tear markers from experienced astronauts and new astronauts without space exposure could be used to establish a health database，which might be one of the first stepping stones toward making living in space a reality.
Tears can provide an inexpensive，rapid and easy﹣to﹣use alternative to monitor health.Given the advantage in tear technology to monitor health，and to be used even by the healthy，such technology will almost certainly lead to the more effective prevention of diseases—rather than having to deal with the difficulties of treating them.
（1）How does the author show the use of tears in testing？ 　 　
A.By listing data.
B.By using remarks.
C.By giving examples.
D.By making comparisons.
（2）What does the underlined word "merits" in paragraph 3 probably mean？ 　 　
A.Limitations.
B.Amounts.
C.Expenses.
D.Advantages.
（3）What can we know about the tear﹣based contact lens？ 　 　
A.It can hardly correct our vision.
B.It helps to detect diseases continuously.
C.It has been used commercially.
D.It can successfully cure eye illnesses.
（4）What does the author think of tear technology？ 　 　
A.It serves as a basis for space exposure.
B.It can free astronauts of weightlessness.
C.It monitors health effectively but slowly.
D.It has a bright future in the medical field.
18．（2025 抚顺模拟） Among the oldest tools that human hands ever created are axes（斧子），used to cut wood for fires and buildings.Wood is truly the mother of sustainable resources，a material that will grow back again and again.And now，wood is becoming the most sought﹣after design material.Sweden is starting an ambitious new project called Stockholm Wood City that will demonstrate the greatness of wood，and the possibilities it represents in sustainable building.
Soon，Stockholm，Sweden will be the home of the largest urban construction project to be built out of wood in the entire world.In any material，this urban development would be impressive.In sustainable wood，it's an example of environmentally﹣friendly construction.
Stockholm Wood City will be completed in 2027，with construction beginning in 2025.The city will encompass spaces for work and housing，along with restaurants and shops.More than 2，000 new homes and 7，000 office spaces will be added to the city when the project is complete.The design was created by Atrium Ljungberg."This is not only an important step for us as a company，but a historic milestone for Swedish innovation capability，"said Annica Anas，Atrium Ljungberg CEO.
Wood City's design focuses on stored and shared，self﹣produced energy.The wooden buildings will have spaces for green plants，a design that will create a garden﹣like atmosphere.Wood is sustainable and an obvious benefit to the environment.It's also a better heat barrier than steel and concrete and can also absorb large amounts of CO2.Moreover，producing a ton of wood for building purposes generates far，far less emissions（排放） than steel or concrete.
This huge new project is a complete urban development with spaces for living，working and shopping.It's an example of how sustainable design can be used to create anything.It's a message that Sweden hopes will spread around the world.
（1）Why does the author mention axes in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.To explain the role of axes in construction.
B.To compare old and modern building tools.
C.To highlight the long history of wood usage.
D.To introduce different uses of wood materials.
（2）What does the underlined word"encompass"in Paragraph 3 most likely mean？ 　 　
A.Replace.
B.Include.
C.Improve.
D.Search.
（3）What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about？ 　 　
A.Wood City's energy system.
B.Wood City's heat protection.
C.Wood City's positive impacts.
D.Wood City's building materials.
（4）What can we learn about the project from the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.Its development focuses on rural areas.
B.Its design shows sustainability's limits.
C.Its main goal is to make a profit nationally.
D.Its green concept will be promoted globally.
19．（2025 陕西二模） A team of marine scientists from the University of Sydney has published the first peer﹣reviewed study documenting the shocking coral bleaching（白化） events that occurred on the southern Great Barrier Reef in early 2024.
Led by Professor Maria Byrne from the School of Life and Environmental Sciences，the research highlights the alarming impact of unprecedented marine heatwaves on coral ecosystems，raising urgent concerns for marine biodiversity and the communities that depend on these vital ecosystems.
The study provides critical insights into the extent of coral bleaching and mortality（死亡率） during the 2023﹣2024 global marine heatwave.The research team carefully tracked the health of 462 coral colonies at the University of Sydney's Great Barrier Reef research station at One Tree Island over a period of 161 days.
The results revealed that 66 percent of the colonies were bleached by February 2024 and 80 per cent by April.By July，44 percent of the bleached colonies had died，with some coral genera，such as Acropora，experiencing a shocking 95 percent mortality rate.
"This research is a wake﹣up call for policymakers and conservationists.The resilience（恢复力） of coral reefs is being tested like never before，and we must prioritise strategies that enhance their ability to withstand climate change.Our findings underscore the need for immediate and effective management interventions to safeguard these ecosystems，"said Byrne.
The research also highlights the complex interplay between heat stress，disease onset and coral mortality.Notably，Goniopora corals developed black band disease，contributing to the high mortality rates observed.The study emphasises that the rapid onset of bleaching and disease in corals previously considered resilient poses significant challenges for predicting the future composition of coral reef ecosystems in a warming world.
The implications of this research extend beyond the ecology and conservation.Coral reefs offer essential services to human communities，including fisheries，tourism，and coastal protection.As the Great Barrier Reef faces increasing threats from climate change，the study calls for a collaborative approach to conservation that involves local communities，scientists，and policymakers.
（1）How may marine scientists react to the result of the research？ 　 　
A.Alarmed.
B.Surprised.
C.Indifferent.
D.Disappointed.
（2）What did Byrne want to convey in paragraph 5？ 　 　
A.The need for more research on coral bleaching.
B.The importance of coral reefs for marine biodiversity.
C.The urgency for immediate management interventions.
D.The resilience of coral reefs in the face of climate change.
（3）What does the research suggest about the future of coral reefs？ 　 　
A.They will recover quickly.
B.Their fate will count on human protection.
C.They will be free from climate change.
D.They will benefit from human activities.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？ 　 　
A.The Beauty of the Great Barrier Reef
B.Strategies for Coral Reef Conservation
C.A New Method for Studying Coral Bleaching
D.Cycle of Coral Bleaching at Dangerous levels
20．（2025 河南模拟） According to current climate science，global temperatures will continue to rise until net carbon dioxide（CO2） emissions（排放） reach zero.Given current projected emissions，2 billion to 15 billion tonnes（Gt） of CO2 may need to be removed from the atmosphere annually to meet the goal of the 2015 Paris Agreement.However，a sustainable technique to absorb and permanently store such large amounts of CO2from the atmosphere is yet to be developed.
Van Roijen et al.report that replacing traditional building materials with CO2﹣storing alternatives could cut off carbon at the billion﹣tonne level.Considering the large human demands for infrastructure（基础设施） and buildings and their long lifetimes，the proposed strategy could provide long﹣term CO2removal.
They performed quantitative analyses of CO2 storage capacities of key building materials based on 2016 global consumption of each material.The authors assumed that all carbon in the materials was from the atmosphere and that its storage was permanent.The combined CO2storage potential of building materials was estimated to be 16.6 Gt，which equals to 50% of the total CO2 emissions in 2021.Van Roijen et al.show that replacing just traditional concrete with CO2﹣storing materials could remove 13.1 Gt of atmospheric CO2annually.
A key challenge to creating building materials for CO2 storage is the quantity of available resources.Carbonatable（可碳化的） materials obtained from the olivine（橄榄石） family of minerals can react with atmospheric CO2 to form carbonates.Although it is most common，the distribution of olivines is uneven globally，which could cause supply shortages in some regions.Limestone could be used additionally as an alternative.However，limestone processing produces substantial amounts of CO2 gas.
To successfully use CO2﹣storing building materials，financial bonuses and regulations are needed to encourage market adoption.Additionally，to ensure that these activities permanently remove atmospheric CO2，a strong monitoring，reporting，and checking system is needed for tracking greenhouse gas emissions across the supply chain.This could bring unexpected outcomes if these effort are inadequate in CO2emissions.Nonetheless，with proper acts，the use of CO2﹣storing building materials could provide a possible method for CO2 removal at a reasonable cost.
（1）What did Van Roijen et al.do to prove the result？ 　 　
A.They analyzed building materials.
B.They did theory research.
C.They created computer models.
D.They quoted other studies.
（2）Which is a challenge in creating building materials for CO2 storage？ 　 　
A.The high cost of production.
B.The irregular spread of olivines.
C.The lack of alternative materials.
D.The limited demand for buildings.
（3）What is the author's attitude to new building materials？ 　 　
A.Indifferent.
B.Doubtful.
C.Supportive.
D.Confident.
（4）What would be the best title for the text？ 　 　
A.Built to Remove Carbon
B.Designed to Save Energy
C.Created to Reduce Emission
D.Analyzed to Find New Materials
2025年高考英语复习新题速递之说明文阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025 渭南二模） Situated Learning Theory （SLT），first presented by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger，explains the process and development of learning when individuals have the opportunity to participate in a community of practice.In such a community，new learners have more opportunities to practice within the context of learning.In this light，learning is unintentional.This unintentional nature of learning is what the authors call Legitimate Peripheral Participation （LPP） （合法的边缘性参与）.In LPP，the learner moves from the edge of the community to the center.At first，they participate around the edge and gain expertise until they become more skilled and become experts.
A similar theory is Situated Cognition （认知），proposed by John Seely Brown，Allan Collins and Paul Duguid.Their understanding goes deeper into the social nature of learning and argues that learning cannot be removed from the situations in which expertise is gained and merely be applied in school.The culture of conventional schooling influences what is learned，and decontextualized instruction does not lead to effective learning.
SLT has been used in school settings to improve teaching and learning.It's important，however，to notice that although the school offers the social context for learning，it sometimes falls short in the use of this theory.The construction of knowledge needs to be put in a proper and accurate context where learners can participate and apply what is learned.The nature of situated learning and the emphasis on LPP as a way to understand how learning develops can be applied in instruction to understand and design learning processes.
SLT is of great value in many ways.It brings to the table the importance of recognizing learning as a series of activities going beyond just sharing content.The interaction of the learner and the expert in the community of practice and the development of the former into a level of expertise together in a contextualized setting are what finally supports knowledge construction.
（1）What can we learn from Paragraph 1？　D　
A．Students must study under the guidance of experts.
B．Participating around the edge is crucial to learning.
C．Special communities are harmful to unintentional learning.
D．Learners can be experts by acquiring knowledge through LPP.
（2）What is the common ground of SLT and Situated Cognition？　B　
A．Expertise is merely from content﹣sharing.
B．Learning should happen in a related setting.
C．Effective learning is the result of decontextualization.
D．Conventional schooling influences the way of learning.
（3）What can be inferred from Paragraph 3？　C　
A．School needs to lower the expectations of SLT.
B．Learners must be taught the theoretical nature of SLT.
C．School should focus on the accurate application of SLT.
D．Teaching process relies on the academic instruction of SLT.
（4）Why is SLT of great significance according to the last paragraph？　A　
A．Because it helps enrich the learning process.
B．Because it reveals the importance of expertise.
C．Because it stresses the necessity of learning.
D．Because it explains the internal logic of teaching.
【答案】DBCA
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情境学习理论（SLT）和情境认知理论，强调了学习者在实践社区中的参与和知识建构的重要性。文章还讨论了这些理论在教育中的应用，以及它们对教学和学习过程的贡献。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段In this light，learning is unintentional.This unintentional nature of learning is what the authors call Legitimate Peripheral Participation （LPP） （合法的边缘性参与）.In LPP，the learner moves from the edge of the community to the center.At first，they participate around the edge and gain expertise until they become more skilled and become experts.（从这个角度来看，学习是无意识的。这种无意识的学习本质就是作者所说的合法外围参与（LPP）。在LPP中，学习者从社区的边缘移动到中心。一开始，他们在边缘参与并获得专业知识，直到他们变得更熟练并成为专家。）可知，学习者可以通过LPP获得知识并成为专家。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Their understanding goes deeper into the social nature of learning and argues that learning cannot be removed from the situations in which expertise is gained and merely be applied in school.（它们的理解更深入地探讨了学习的社会本质，并认为学习不能脱离获得专业知识的情况，而仅仅是在学校里应用。）可知，SLT和Situated Cognition都认为学习应该发生在与实际情境相关的环境中，而不是脱离实际情境的学校环境中。由此可知，两者的共同点是学习应该在相关的环境中发生。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段The construction of knowledge needs to be put in a proper and accurate context where learners can participate and apply what is learned.The nature of situated learning and the emphasis on LPP as a way to understand how learning develops can be applied in instruction to understand and design learning processes.（知识的构建需要放在一个恰当的、准确的语境中，让学习者能够参与并应用所学的知识。情境学习的本质和强调LPP作为理解学习如何发展的一种方式，可以应用于教学中，以理解和设计学习过程。）可知，学校应该专注于SLT的准确应用。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段SLT is of great value in many ways.It brings to the table the importance of recognizing learning as a series of activities going beyond just sharing content.The interaction of the learner and the ex