【高考押题卷】2025年高考英语复习高频易错提高卷：议论文阅读理解（含解析）

2025年高考英语复习新题速递之议论文阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025 山西模拟） Many cosmetics and skincare companies present an image of social responsibility.The question of whether the beauty industry is responsible has received little attention，which is unfortunate because of the industry's large scale and rapid growth.The worldwide beauty industry has reached ＄625 billion in sales by 2023，of which the United States and Western Europe represent about 20 percent each and China a further 16 percent.For that，we have to think carefully about the question.
One way to answer this question：Ask whether this industry contributes to human development.The fact that almost all past societies used beauty products suggests these items had some socially productive purpose.
However，the ingredients（成分） employed in making early beauty products were often harmful.The beauty industry's employment of basic chemistry since the 19th century can be seen as improving safety to some degree.
Yet not all chemical products were or are safe，and the industry has been obviously unwilling to welcome external regulation（监管）.US﹣based companies have been particularly good at fighting against regulation of potentially harmful ingredients.A report in 2019 noted that the European Union had banned or restricted more than 1，300 chemicals used as ingredients for beauty products.
Another characteristic of a responsible business is to interact with those who are closely related to it with purpose and modesty，rather than in harmful ways.The beauty industry as a whole evidently fails to qualify，at least in regard to its interactions with consumers.
Finally，the environmental impact of the beauty industry has been negative.Beauty packaging currently amounts to over 120 billion units every year，and much of it ends up as waste.Widely used ingredients，including chemical preservatives，can cause changes to the biochemistry of ocean life and can have bad effects on humans eventually.
For these reasons，the industry does not qualify as responsible，at least not yet.The industry can take steps on its own to become more responsible﹣if its leaders choose to take action.Unluckily，most companies are unwilling to do so.In that case，government regulation shouldn't be absent.
（1）How does the text show the beauty industry is large in scale？ 　 　
A.By making comparisons.
B.By giving an assumption.
C.By providing data.
D.By listing examples of companies.
（2）What does the 2019 report mentioned in paragraph 4 suggest？ 　 　
A.The beauty industry welcomes regulation.
B.Beauty products were probably not safe.
C.The ingredients for beauty products are rare.
D.America is good at regulating beauty products.
（3）What does the author say about the beauty industry？ 　 　
A.It should beautify its packaging.
B.It should take steps to cut costs.
C.Consumers should spend less on it.
D.The government should regulate it.
（4）What's the best title for the text？ 　 　
A.Are Beauty Products Truly Useful？
B.Is the Beauty Industry Responsible？
C.Does Real Beauty Come from Outside？
D.Should the Beauty Industry Be Banned？
2．（2024秋 百色期末） As classrooms embrace more technology，students use digital devices （设备） for learning.But is this best？Older generations often credit notebooks and journals for their learning，feeling today's screen﹣focused youth are missing out on valuable experiences.
My daughter，born in 2003，grew up in a relatively screen﹣free environment until secondary school when her school partnered with Apple.Each student received an iPad，and lessons were given via iTunes U and other apps.I hated it.Password issues were constant （不断的），and the content seemed boring compared to her elementary schoolbooks，which were always filled with drawings and teacher comments.
So seven years later when my son was given a laptop on his first day at secondary school，my heart sank.But not long after，the school told us that the laptops were being recalled，only to be used for particular classes.The school，it seemed，had looked hard at the digital classroom and decided that pens and paper worked better after all.
My kids' experiences with screens align with （与……一致） academic research.Studies show that paper notebooks outperform digital ones.Countless other studies have shown that college students typing lecture notes don't learn as well as those writing by hand.Handwriting encourages paraphrasing and summarizing，leading to better understanding and memory.Meanwhile，Japanese neurologists （神经学家） have found that notebook writing activates many brain regions，enhancing engagement （专注）.The act of writing in and filling up a notebook is emotionally satisfying，changing impersonal blank pages into a unique，personal item.Digital notes，in comparison，lack physical presence and personality.
For centuries，notebooks were key in education，with "commonplacing"，a detailed note﹣taking system，changing learning.William Shakespeare and Isaac Newton were among millions to practice it.Over time，learners filled their notebooks with the best parts of the poets，historians and philosophers they read，placing thousands of quotes under the best headings.
But renaissance commonplace books took years of schooling to fill and seem outdated in the age of Google.Why do people copy by hand when information is so accessible？While tech tools are great，picking up a pen is still valuable，especially in classrooms.Learners should be handwriting more，and typing less.
（1）How did the author feel about the iPad program at his daughter's school？ 　 　
A.Excited.
B.Dissatisfied.
C.Unconcerned.
D.Confused.
（2）According to the article，what is one of advantages of taking notes by hand？ 　 　
A.It saves time.
B.It requires less effort.
C.It promotes deeper understanding.
D.It is more convenient than using computers.
（3）Why does the author mention William Shakespeare and Isaac Newton in the text？ 　 　
A.To suggest that they were great learners.
B.To prove that famous people preferred handwriting.
C.To show commonplacing is the best learning method.
D.To stress the widespread use of commonplacing at the time.
（4）What is the main message the author conveys in the text？ 　 　
A .Schools should ban digital tools.
B.Technology is revolutionizing education.
C.Handwriting remains important for learning.
D.Commonplacing is a valuable study technique.
3．（2025 北京校级模拟） The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know.By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）.We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately，it's too little，too late.By the time these "solutions" become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future，it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation （处理） and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.At this year's I/O Conference，a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human﹣sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name，and far more.Armed with this knowledge，they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.This means，for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's，tricking you into "confirming" your address，mother's name，and card number.Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images，showing when and who they were made by，or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data﹣based communications —using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp，which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose，and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
（1）How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls？ 　 　
A.Panicked.
B.Confused.
C.Embarrassed.
D.Disappointed.
（2）Taking advantage of the new technologies，scammers can 　 　.
A.aim at victims precisely
B.damage databases easily
C.start campaigns rapidly
D.spread information widely
（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
4．（2025 河南模拟） "THAT'S NOT FAIR!"I live with two young children and hear this cry often.They say it's unfair that adults get to stay up later and that they didn't get dessert.I have been surprised at how their cries of injustice over seemingly small things upset me.But how I respond to my children in these moments will shape their sensitivity to，and empathy（同理心）toward，people affected by injustice.If we want our children to fight for justice，we need to "lean in"as they meet the discomforts of existence.
My research shows that children from wealthier families said their lives were more fair than the world in general.Those in low﹣income families rated their lives as less just.We found that children at all income levels know justice is not distributed equally.
But social class doesn't fully explain how children develop their views.Consider families and schools.The children whose parents listened to their side of the story said that their lives were fairer and that they were less likely to become cynical（愤世嫉俗的） in the coming years﹣even in poverty.If children are not treated fairly in a group，they assume they do not belong there，which breaks down their social contract.On the contrary，when they benefit from injustice，they may decrease their sensitivity and care for others.
Every child will experience injustice.But adults in their lives should teach them how to deal with it and act on it.When teachers are fair，children's lives become more fair.When parents provide explanations and natural consequences，they teach children to expect justice.
When I hear my children say，"That's not fair，"I want to teach my children to identify real injustices and learn that their behavior matters.I want them to feel strong enough to speak up for a child who gets laughed at online and to listen to others' side of the story.Then，chances are，when faced with both personal and social injustice，they'll be sensitive enough yet strong enough to do something about it.
（1）What does the underlined phrase"lean in"in paragraph 1 mean？ 　 　
A.step forward.
B.lead to.
C.go back.
D.give up.
（2）What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us？ 　 　
A.Children from richer families are happier.
B.Poorer children always have wrong attitude.
C.Children have formed their views on justice.
D.Research fails to show children's views on life.
（3）What can we infer about children from paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.They become cynical as they grow older.
B.Their views mainly shaped by their social class.
C.Their views influenced by their family and school.
D.They are more sensitive to injustice when poor.
（4）What is the author's opinion according to the text？ 　 　
A.It is important to teach children to accept injustice.
B.Adults should respond to children's complaints.
C.Parents need to improve their social class for children.
D.We should help children develop sensitivity to injustice.
5．（2025 龙岗区校级模拟） Sarah Presch，digital marketing director at Dragon Metrics，highlights concerns about how Google manages search results，particularly on controversial topics.She discovered that Google is essentially delivering information based on what users want to see，rather than providing a balanced view，creating a "bias （偏见） machine".
With over 6.3 million queries processed every second，Google's search results hold immense influence over public knowledge and perception.Users tend to focus only on the first few links，limiting their exposure to diverse viewpoints.This dynamic raises the issue of "filter bubbles"，where users may be trapped in a cycle that strengthens their existing beliefs.Critics argue that the algorithms （算法） used by Google contribute significantly to this problem，presenting a limited selection of information based on users' preferences.
Mark Williams﹣Cook，founder of AlsoAsked，emphasizes the technical limitations of search engines and the misunderstandings surrounding them.He references internal Google documents revealing that the company often relies on user engagement data rather than comprehending content.This practice can promote confirmation bias，leading users towards information that aligns with their views，similar to a child choosing an unhealthy diet based only on preference.
Google acknowledges the complexity of its search system and emphasizes ongoing efforts to enhance its algorithms to tackle these issues.While the company declares that it provides a range of viewpoints，the reality remains that most users do not go beyond the top search results，which limits their exposure to diverse perspectives.
Critics believe Google should better educate users about how its search engine functions，as a clearer understanding of these processes could foster critical consumption of information.As Google evolves into an "answer engine" that provides direct information，the challenge of ensuring balanced and informative content remains crucial for public knowledge.
（1）What is a possible consequence of "filter bubbles"？ 　 　
A．A craze for controversial topics.
B．A prohibition on search engines.
C．Dependence on online information.
D．Inaccessibility to differing opinions.
（2）Why does Mark Williams﹣Cook criticize Google's search engine？ 　 　
A．It depends heavily on user data.
B．It provides wrong information.
C．It promotes unhealthy lifestyles.
D．It fails to comprehend instructions.
（3）What does Google declare regarding search results？ 　 　
A．It provides a diversity of ideas.
B．It's the users who are to blame.
C．Its algorithms are accurate enough.
D．Its search system is far from complex.
（4）What do critics suggest Google do？ 　 　
A．Provide easier access to information.
B．Teach more public knowledge online.
C．Educate its users about consumption habits.
D．Publicize its search engine's working principle.
6．（2025 河南二模） I'm an artist，always considering art and beauty as essential to life as daily bread.However，I didn't initially think much about how others perceived art.Over time，I noticed that many，even most people，regarded art as a luxury rather than a necessity.
My rudest awakening on this subject came during a visit to Britain.While exploring the countryside，I stopped at a small store that made its own cheese daily.The salesperson，a young woman with an air of expertise，was astonished by my ignorance of milk products.When I asked if they sold the cheese made that morning，she said with annoyance，"Don't you know nothing about cheese？"Suddenly and without thinking，I said，"No.Do you know anything about art？"Her reply"No.But that's not something you have to do with every day，and cheese is!"made me realize that for most people，art isn't a daily essential.
Despite this common view，I firmly believe art is as crucial as food.It's the expression of our individuality.We all share basic human qualities，feelings，and longings，but it's how we express them uniquely that defines art.
Throughout art history，while the subject matter of paintings may be similar，the true essence lies in the artist's unique style.Museums，which I once saw as the preserve of a few great artists，now seem to spotlight the universal truth of individual uniqueness.They remind us that expressing our originality is the core of art and life.
Art is everywhere in our daily lives.Whether we're cooking，arranging flowers，or conducting business，art is our unique voice，helping us resist the pressure to follow and preserve our individual beauty.As John Muir said，"Everybody needs beauty as well as bread."Art is indeed a universal，individual，and fundamental truth，an essential part of our daily existence.
（1）How did the author originally react to others' views on art？　 　
A.He felt curious.
B.He paid little attention.
C.He was concerned.
D.He was opposed to them.
（2）What did the author learn during his visit to the British store？　 　
A.The beauty in cheese.
B.The necessities in life.
C.Common opinion on art.
D.The value of art in life.
（3）Why does the author think art is crucial？　 　
A.It shapes one's personality.
B.It's as common as daily bread.
C.It enriches people's lives.
D.It's a way to show off oneself.
（4）What does the text mainly convey to us？　 　
A.The significance of art in everyday life.
B.The author's long﹣term passion for art.
C.The difference between art and daily needs.
D.The history of art and the role of museums.
7．（2025 青岛一模） "Shhh!"This is the demand that eco﹣acoustics（生态声学） researcher Jerome Sueur makes of humanity.The noises of technology spread across even the remotest corners of the planet.Sueur explores the impact of the ever﹣present sound on the animal world in Natural History of Silence.
Between travelogue﹣style chapters and philosophical reflections，the book covers many key terms and theories，such as the acoustic niche hypothesis（声学生态位假说），which assumes that each species has its own acoustic space to improve communication with its own kind and limit sound competition from other species.Sueur's point is this：silence is a crucial resource，like food or water，which species compete for to survive."Making sound is important，"he writes.But humans need to"make sure we are not more alive than others".
When the COVID﹣19 pandemic（流行病） unexpectedly put human activities on hold，noise﹣monitoring organizations in France recorded a 60﹣75% drop in sound levels in many cities.Globally，wildlife communication changed during lockdowns.Fish and dolphins off the coast of New Zealand extended the range of their calls by 65% owing to a sharp reduction in boat travel.However，when humans emerged from their homes，so did all human﹣generated sounds and their harmful effects on natural systems，Sueur writes.
Sueur calls for a greater awareness of the need to preserve zones where noise is not welcome，effectively proposing a global network of silent shelters for wildlife.The book，thus，highlights an imaginary dividing line between humanity and nature﹣an approach to conservation that has thwarted contemporary environmentalists who believe true conservation success comes from building a harmonious bond with nature.Some even argue against it in public and attempt to seek more all﹣around solutions that involve local and indigenous（本土） communities.
To encourage readers to act，the book could have included stories about successful no﹣fly zones where communities are working to address the problem.But the focus on solutions is narrow.Instead，his winding and wordy writing often carries a tone of anger，which could drive away the people he wants to silence.
（1）What does the acoustic niche hypothesis assume？ 　 　
A.Species use sounds to communicate.
B.Each species has a unique sound range.
C.Species compete for sound resources.
D.Making sound is the key to survival.
（2）Why are fish and dolphins mentioned in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.To show the destruction caused by the pandemic.
B.To stress the role of animals in the local ecosystem.
C.To illustrate the impact of human activities on wildlife.
D.To compare responses of different animals to lockdowns.
（3）What does the underlined word"thwarted"in paragraph 4 mean？ 　 　
A.Enlightened.
B.Transformed.
C.Misled.
D.Discouraged.
（4）What can we learn about the book from the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.It is written in an objective tone.
B.It serves its writing purpose well.
C.It fails to relate to certain readers.
D.It conveys rather shallow ideas.
8．（2025 青岛模拟） "Shhh!"This is the demand that eco﹣acoustics（生态声学） researcher Jerome Sueur makes of humanity.The noises of technology spread across even the remotest corners of the planet.Sueur explores the impact of the ever﹣present sound on the animal world in Natural History of Silence.
Between travelogue﹣style chapters and philosophical reflections，the book covers many key terms and theories，such as the acoustic niche hypothesis（声学生态位假说），which assumes that each species has its own acoustic space to improve communication with its own kind and limit sound competition from other species.Sueur's point is this：silence is a crucial resource，like food or water，which species compete for to survive."Making sound is important，"he writes.But humans need to"make sure we are not more alive than others".
When the COVID﹣19 pandemic （流行病） unexpectedly put human activities on hold，noise﹣monitoring organizations in France recorded a 60﹣75% drop in sound levels in many cities.Globally，wildlife communication changed during lockdowns.Fish and dolphins off the coast of NewZealand extended the range of their calls by 65% owing to a sharp reduction in boat travel.However，when humans emerged from their homes，so did all human﹣generated sounds and their harmful effects on natural systems，Sueur writes.
Sueur calls for a greater awareness of the need to preserve zones where noise is not welcome，effectively proposing a global network of silent shelters for wildlife.The book，thus，highlights an imaginary dividing line between humanity and nature﹣an approach to conservation that has thwarted contemporary environmentalists who believe true conservation success comes from building a harmonious bond with nature.Some even argue against it in public and attempt to seek more all﹣around solutions that involve local and indigenous（本土） communities.
To encourage readers to act，the book could have included stories about successful no﹣fly zones where communities are working to address the problem.But the focus on solutions is narrow.Instead，his winding and wordy writing often carries a tone of anger，which could drive away the people he wants to silence.
（1）What does the acoustic niche hypothesis assume？ 　 　
A.Species use sounds to communicate.
B.Each species has a unique sound range.
C.Species compete for sound resources.
D.Making sound is the key to survival.
（2）Why are fish and dolphins mentioned in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.To show the destruction caused by the pandemic.
B.To stress the role of animals in the local ecosystem.
C.To illustrate the impact of human activities on wildlife.
D.To compare responses of different animals to lockdowns.
（3）What does the underlined word"thwarted"in paragraph 4 mean？ 　 　
A.Enlightened.
B.Transformed.
C.Misled.
D.Discouraged.
（4）What can we learn about the book from the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.It is written in an objective tone.
B.It serves its writing purpose well.
C.It fails to relate to certain readers.
D.It conveys rather shallow ideas.
9．（2025 中山市校级三模） The Greek philosopher （哲学家） Heraclitus taught that you can't step into the same river twice，for you aren't the same person at each visit，and the water is ever flowing.It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.
Yet so many of us have difficulty adapting to change.We deny it，resist （抵抗） it or attempt to control it，the result of which is almost always some combination of stress，anxiety and burnout.
It doesn't have to be that way.No doubt，change can，and often does，hurt.But with the right mind﹣set，it can also be a force for growth.It's not as if we have any choice in the matter.Like it or not，life is change.We'd be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead.
A concept called "allostasis" can help.Developed in the late 1980s by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer，allostasis is defined as "stability through change".In other words，the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing，at least to some extent.
From neuroscience to pain science and psychology，allostasis has become the standard model for understanding change in the scientific community.The brain is at its best when it is constantly making new connections.Overcoming pain，be it physical or psychological，is not about resistance （which often worsens the experience） or trying to get back to where you were before a distressing event or situation.It's about balancing acceptance with problem﹣solving and moving forward to a new normal.
Yet this concept is still little known to ordinary people and it is time to start practicing it now.Over the past few years，the river of change has been flowing mercilessly，and it shows no signs of letting up.Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media，a new technology that may be far more powerful，artificial intelligence，is being widely used.
It's like what our friend Heraclitus advised：Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can't.Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction.
（1）What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph？　 　
A．We could have a right mind﹣set.
B．Philosophy exists everywhere.
C．Some people are wiser than others.
D．Change is unavoidable in life.
（2）How should we deal with changes according to the author？　 　
A．Pay no attention to them.
B．Participate in them.
C．Fight against them.
D．Put them under control.
（3）What does the underlined phrase "letting up" in paragraph 6 probably mean？　 　
A．Slowing down.
B．Setting off.
C．Turning up.
D．Putting down.
（4）What is the best title for the text？　 　
A．Why Can't We Stop Changes in Life？
B．How Can We Increase Our Life Satisfaction？
C．Let's Transform Our Relationship with Change.
D．Try to Help the Public to Understand Allostasis.
10．（2025春 河西区校级月考） Lao Zi once said，"Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner."
People﹣pleasing，or seeking self﹣worth through others' approval，is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life.Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves？If it's true that you can't please all people all of the time，wouldn't it make sense to stop trying？
Unfortunately，sense often isn't driving our behavior.For social beings who desire love and belonging，wanting to be liked，and caring about the effect we have on others，is healthy and allows us to make connections.However，where we get into trouble is when our self﹣worth is dependent on whether we win someone's approval or not.
This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us：Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate，they are also trying to learn how the world works.We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others so，to a four﹣year﹣old，if Mommy or Daddy doesn't like him or her，there is the danger that they will abandon them.We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us，it's being driven by that little kid part of us that is still afraid of being abandoned.
As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek，your need for external approval will start to disappear，leaving you stronger，more confident，and yes，happier in your life.Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our authentic selves in an effort to be liked.
If we base our worth on the opinions of others，we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves，because ultimately，there is no difference.So embrace the cliche（老话） and love yourself as you'll not regret it.
（1）What can we conclude from Lao Zi's quotation？　 　
A.We should see through other people's attempt to make a prisoner of us.
B.We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can.
C.We can never be truly free if we care about others' opinion of us.
D.We should care about other people's view as much as they care about our own.
（2）What will happen if we base our self﹣worth on other people's approval？　 　
A.Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.
B.Our Identity as social beings will be affected.
C.Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting.
D.Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.
（3）What may be the reason for our need to be liked or approved of？　 　
A.Our desperate longing for interactions with others.
B.Our understanding of the workings of the world.
C.Our knowledge about the pain of being abandoned.
D.Our early childhood fear of being abandoned.
（4）What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval？　 　
A.Enjoy a happier life.
B.Exercise self﹣restraint.
C.Receive more external approval.
D.Strengthen our power of imagination.
（5）What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph？　 　
A.Embrace life for others.
B.Love ourselves as we are.
C.See our experiences as our wealth.
D.Base our worth on others' opinions.
11．（2025 辽宁一模） Language is so deeply embedded in almost every aspect of the way we interact with the world that it's hard to imagine what it would be like not to have it.What would be the consequence if we didn't have names for things or didn't have experience talking about things that hadn't actually happened？Would we be able to think？What would our thoughts be like？
The answer to the question of whether thought is possible without language depends on what you mean by"thought".Can you experience impressions and feelings without language？Yes，and very few would argue otherwise.But there is a difference between being able to experience"pain"and possessing the concept"pain".Most would say true thought involves having the concept.
Many artists and scientists，in describing their own inner processes while they work，say they do not use words to solve problems，but images.The autistic （患自闭症的）author Temple Grandin，in explaining how she thinks visually rather than linguistically，says that concepts for her are collections of images.
Of course，Grandin has language，and knows how to use it，so it is hard to say how much of her thinking has been influenced by it，but it's not unimaginable﹣﹣and probably likely—that there are people who are deficient in the ability to use language and think in the way she describes.
There is evidence that deaf people cut off from language possess the ability to think before being exposed to language.Also，the sign languages developed by deaf students without language models display the kind of thinking that goes far beyond mere sensory impression or practical problem solving.
However，while it appears that we can indeed think without language，there are certain kinds of thinking that are made possible by language.Language gives us symbols we can use to fix ideas，reflect on them，and hold them up for observation.It allows for a level of abstract reasoning we wouldn't have otherwise.The philosopher Peter Carruthers has argued that there is a type of inner，explicitly linguistic thinking that allows us to bring our own thoughts into conscious awareness.We may be able to think without language，but language lets us know we are thinking.
（1）What does the author intend to show with the experience of Temple Grandin？ 　 　
A.People without language can't think.
B.Language has no influence on thinking.
C.Some people may think in a non﹣linguistic way.
D.Autistic people have a special way of using language.
（2）Which of the following best explains"deficient"underlined in paragraph 4？ 　 　
A.Flexible.
B.Lacking.
C.Confident.
D.Experienced.
（3）What could we learn from the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.Language facilitates abstract reasoning.
B.Language is merely useful for reflection.
C.Language is a must for people to perceive the world.
D.Language restricts people's ability to think visually.
（4）What is the writing purpose of the text？ 　 　
A.To stress the importance of language in daily life.
B.To advocate the thinking modes of scientists and artists.
C.To demonstrate the cognitive abilities of average individuals.
D.To show the relationship between thought and language.
12．（2025 巴州区校级模拟） In today's fast﹣paced world，joy can often feel hard to find.However，Zadie Smith offers a refreshing perspective on the concept of joy and its significance in our lives，in her essay Joy.Through a blend of personal anecdotes，literary references，and thought﹣provoking insights，Smith explores the complexities ot joy and its relationship to happiness.
Smith explores the definition and perception of joy，distinguishing it from happiness，which originates from internal contentment rather than external circumstances.She finds joy in small pleasures ot life，such as interactions with a child or observing daily routines.While society often views joy as short﹣lived or shallow，prioritizing grand achievements and material pursuits，Smith challenges this notion，arguing that joy in simple things significantly enhances our well﹣being.
One of the key aspects of Smith's essay is her exploration of the role of literature in capturing and conveying joy.She claims that by immersing ourselves in the stories and experiences of others，we can broaden our horizons and find joy in the shared human experience.This insight emphasizes the importance of storytelling and the arts in fostering a sense of joy and connection in society.
Smith also digs into how identity shapes our understanding of joy，reflecting on her multicultural background and its influence on her views.She highlights how joy is often rooted in cultural legacy and individual experiences，emphasizing the value of embracing diverse identities.
Furthermore，Smith examines the role of community and social connections in fostering joy.She argues that joy is often connected with our relationships and the sense of belonging we get from them.Sharing laughter or celebrating together with others can make our joy stronger and build a sense of community.
Zadie Smith's essay Joy offers an exploration of joy and its significance in our lives and encourages us to reevaluate our understanding of joy and seek its presence in our everyday lives.
（1）How does Smith think people can find joy？　 　
A.By appreciating ordinary moments of daily life.
B.By achieving great success and acquiring wealth.
C.By seeking contentment in external circumstances.
D.By focusing on personal growth through self﹣reflection.
（2）What role does literature play in pursuing joy？　 　
A.It provides entertainment for society.
B.It distracts us from problems.
C.It promotes understanding of others.
D.It helps us find life's meaning.
（3）What influences our view of joy according to Smith？　 　
A.Financial status and social recognition.
B.Cultural heritage and social relationships.
C.Professional success and personal value.
D.Physical health and educational background.
（4）What's the text？　 　
A.A commentary.
B.A news report.
C.A book review.
D.A personal narrative.
13．（2025 海淀区校级开学） Thanks to the popularity of Netflix's new series"3 Body Problem，"we have a new existential threat to worry about：humanity's urge to get exposed to the cosmos.
Sociologists，game theorists and astrophysieists like Stephen Hawking have been warning for decades against transmitting signals that could reveal humanity's location to interstellar（星际的） predators.They argue that the only civilizations that survive are the ones smart enough to keep quiet.A species that stands out as soon as it learns to transmit radio signals could fatally attract the attention of an older civilization with much more advanced technology，just as the European discovery of America led to the disaster for the native population.And it's certainly possible that our technology seems so primitive that the aliens would consider us"savages（野蛮人），"as the European settlers called the natives they displaced.
The fear of conquest by aliens rests on the questionable premise that they would greedily crave the natives' land and resources.But that's not how civilization is proceeding on Earth as our technology advances.In the past，armies fought wars over access to scarce resources（salt，grain，oil），and 20th﹣century intellectuals predicted that overpopulation would lead to an"age of scarcity"with catastrophic global shortages of food and energy.But thanks to technological progress，humans today are better nourished and wealthier than ever.Natural resources now matter less to individuals or societies seeking wealth than an intangible resource：knowledge.The modern economy is increasingly dominated by industries that traffic not in physreat commodities but in information：software，communications，entertainment，artificial intelligence，education and research.
Because of this economic shift，today we wouldn't react as 16th﹣country Europeans did to the discovery of a"new world"with less advanced technology.We'd exploit it differently.Sure，there would be oil and mining companies ready to extract resources，but they'd run into fierce opposition from scientists，politicians，and activists determined to preserve and study its ecosystem and native cultures.
Why wouldn't aliens react similarly to the discovery of Earthlings？Why would a civilization with the technological ability to travel across the galaxy and conquer Earth be desperate for food or natural resources？Earth's farmland and minerals would be far less valuable to the aliens than the knowledge to be gained from studying the strange new life﹣forms on Earth.Even if they regarded us as primitive creatures，even if they felt no moral obligation to spare an inferior species，they'd be as eager to observe us as we are to watch animals in a zoo.
In fact，aliens may already be observing us without making themselves known，a possibility known as the"zoo hypothesis."In this scenario，the reason we haven't heard from aliens is that they want to observe the behavior and evolution of Earth's creatures unaffected by outside influences.METI（Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence） enthusiasts like to think that aliens would generously share their advanced and wondrous technology.But maybe the aliens would rather preserve us in our "natural"state so as not to contaminate the data they're gathering.If that's the case，then they would ignore our greetings.
On the other hand，maybe alien civilizations have just been waiting for us to become capable of interstellar communication，and would be as curious to communicate with us as we would be with them.It's always possible，of course，that we've heard nothing so far because we really are alone in the universe，or because we're too far away from anyone else to communicate.But if any intelligent beings are out there in the darkness，let's not assume they're genocidal predators.It wouldn't kill us to say hello.
（1）The ﹣author writes Paragraph 3 mainly to 　 　.
A cast doubt on the view that aliens will invade the Earth for food and land
B.show that humans are no longer savages thanks to technological progress
C.warn against the threat of aliens due to humanity's technological breakthroughs
D.argue that overpopulation will also lead to shortage of resources in modern days
（2）What can be inferred about the economic shift mentioned in Paragraph 4？　 　
A.It is largely driven by advancements in technology.
B.It goes against the need for ecological preservation.
C.It will lead to reduced opposition to resource extraction.
D.It justifies the exploitation and displacement of the natives.
（3）According to the zoo hypothesis，aliens may be observing the Earth secretly in order to 　 　
A.monitor the progress of human evolution
B.assess the benefits of sharing their technology
C.gain knowledge of humans without interference
D.feel a sense of superiority over primitive life﹣forms
（4）The author's attitude towards contacting aliens can be best described as 　 　.
A.fearful
B.cautious
C.doubtful
D.optimistic
14．（2025 海淀区校级模拟） In 1979，Archie Cochrane published an essay criticizing his fellow doctors."It is surely a great criticism of our profession，"he wrote，"that we have not organized a critical summary，by speciality or subspecialty，adapted periodically，of all relevant randomized controlled trials."The idea of"organizing a critical summary"may not seem a groundbreaking concept，yet Cochrane had struck at the heart of the matter.
The basic building block of evidence in medicine is the randomized trial，as Cochrane understood.But some trials are flawed，others may have vanished from the academic record，unpublished because they didn't yield the hoped﹣for results.Even when trials are reported，the most robust evidence comes from synthesizing them.Proper synthesis can turn inconclusive trials into a conclusive result，yet to turn those trials into a structured body of knowledge takes work.
In 1993，Sir lain Chalmers founded Cochrane，a non﹣profit now listing over 9，000 systematic reviews.But in fields like education or policing，the picture is less rosy.Education is arguably of comparable importance to health for any government.Yet，the UK government spends 18 times as much on research into health than it does on research into education﹣or，to put it another way，education research is underfunded by 10 percent.
If anything，that paints too optimistic a picture of research into social policy，because other countries spend even less.And，perhaps，education research is probably the best of the rest when it comes to research funding.The Campbell Collaboration，which aims to do for social policy what Cochrane does for medicine，boasts just 231 systematic reviews﹣reflecting that social policy research enjoys a fraction of the money and attention lavished on medicine.
More than a lack of spending，there's a reluctance to support the infrastructure of systematic reviews，or to fund their updates into "living evidence reviews".Take the 3 ie （International Initiative for Impact Evaluation），admired for its Development Evidence Portal，which struggles for steady funding.The portal could run for a year at less cost than a typical study evaluating its effectiveness，yet"public goods tend by their nature to be underfunded."
On the bright side，more than 50 mn of funding for evidence synthesis was recently announced.This modest funding could significantly contribute to building an"evidence bank"for policymakers.
Systematic reviews bridge the gap between researchers and policymakers.Researchers focus on specific interventions，while policymakers address broader problems.By synthesizing relevant research，systematic reviews can answer policymaker questions.Furthermore，evidence synthesis highlights "known unknowns"﹣gaps in research that can be filled through targeted funding，rather than more studies of familiar topics.
As Eleanor Chelimsky，one of the 20th century's great policy evaluators explained，"I hoped that synthesis could dramatize，for our legislative users，not only what was，in fact，known，but also what was not known."
Dramatizing our ignorance is one of the most valuable things an evidence review can do.
（1）What was Archie Cochrane's major concern？ 　 　
A.Organizing medical summaries was seen as unworthy.
B.Doctors failed to put medical trials into summaries.
C.The medical profession received widespread criticism.
D.Medical trials were too flawed to be published.
（2）What be inferred from the passage？ 　 　
A.Education should be the top priority in research funding.
B.Social policy research funding has increased significantly.
C.Systematic reviews help make research funding more focused.
D.The 3 ie portal was underfunded due to poor effectiveness evaluation.
（3）What's the author's attitude towards "synthesis dramatizing the unknown"？ 　 　
A.Torn between.B.Radically oppose.
C.Cautious optimism.D.Enthusiastic approval.
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the article？ 　 　
A.The Downfall of Systematic Reviews：Why They're Outdated
B.Rethinking Systematic Reviews：A Call for Broader Application
C.Uncovering the Untold Story：The Importance of Evidence Synthesis
D.From Criticism to Collaboration：The Evolution of Evidence Synthesis
15．（2025 海淀区校级模拟） Unless we pursue AI carefully，the Nobel Committee will one day give a Peace Prize to the people cleaning up its terrible consequences，just as it did with nuclear physics.This year's Nobel Prizes celebrate both works relating to artificial intelligence and efforts by the group Nihon Hidankyo to end the nuclear war.
It was a striking parallel.Last century，the Nobel Committees awarded prizes in physics for uncovering the structure of atoms，which enabled the development and subsequent deployment of nuclear weapons.Similarly，artificial intelligence begins as fundamental research in computer science，yet its development poses a wide spectrum of societal risks，including misinformation，job displacement，and surveillance.
About 80 years ago，hundreds of top scientists joined the Manhattan Project in a race to build an atomic weapon before the Nazis did.Yet after Germany surrendered，the project continued and only one scientist，Joseph Rotblat，left the project.After the war he returned to physics，focusing on medical uses of radiation，and became a leader in the nuclear antiproliferation movement.
Looking back，Rotblat explained"You get yourself involved in a certain way and forget you are a human being.It becomes an addiction，and you just go on for the sake of producing a gadget without thinking about the consequences.And then，having done this，you find some justification for having produced it.Not the other way around."
Though written decades ago，these words are a frighteningly accurate description of the prevailing ethos in AI research today.Fortunately，now，as then，there are thoughtful，grounded individuals who stand out in the development of AI.Ed Newton﹣Rex resigned last year from his position leading the music team at Stability AI，over the company's insistence on creating generative AI models trained on copyrighted data without paying for that use.This year，Suchir Balaji resigned as a researcher at OpenAI over similar concerns.At a 2018 internal meeting，Meredith Whittaker voiced concerns about a project to develop AI to power military drone targeting and surveillance and eventually succeeded in pressuring Google to drop it.
When the Nobel Prize Committees choose which people among those working on AI to award，they set a powerful incentive for the AI researchers of today and tomorrow.We can start by looking past those focused on the rapid development of capabilities，instead following the lead of those who insist on engaging with the context of their work and who have the capacity not only to evaluate but also to respond to changing circumstances.As the nuclear era teaches us，right now is the time to carefully evaluate what applications of scientific discovery and whom among today's scientists reflect the values not of the world in which we currently live but the one which we hope to inhabit.
（1）The author quotes Joseph Rotblat mainly to 　 　.
A.challenge an assumption
B.suggest an alternative
C.make a comparison
D.illustrate a point
（2）It is implied in the passage that 　 　.
A.collaboration between different parties is essential for responsible AI development
B.the development of AI could potentially lead to unforeseen global crises
C.AI researchers have lost control of their own creations
D.the Nobel Prize should stop awarding AI researchers
（3）What does the word"ethos"underlined in paragraph 5 most probably mean？ 　 　
A.Challenge
B.Motivation
C.Spirit
D.Force
16．（2025 长安区一模） A primary school has announced that it no longer requires parents to sign their children's homework.
A newspaper comments：Putting an end to the requirement that parents sign the homework of their children eases the burden on many parents，as otherwise they would have to do primary school homework after a hard day's work.But there are worries that if parents stop signing their children's homework，the children will not get good grades.
However，the most efficient way for children to study is to cultivate their willingness to learn and do their own studies.When doing homework，students practice and hopefully apply what they have learned.True teachers are supposed to check students' homework and identify their mistakes.But some parents correct their children's mistakes by themselves when signing the homework.
It is students' duty to do their homework，be responsible for their studies and correct their mistakes.Parents supervising their homework，checking their answers and dealing with the harder problems will only make children less aware of their mistakes and encourage them to wait for their parents' help when they face any problems.
Children have to manage their own learning and develop the ability to study by themselves，as competence will not be achieved if a student simply repeats rigid tasks in which he is assisted at school by teachers and at home by parents.
An experiment conducted by American psychologist Walter Mischel in the 1960s proved that children with better self﹣discipline performed better in their studies and relationships.
There is little doubt that parents' supervision can make children's homework better.But it does not give children the chance to solve problems independently.
（1）What can we learn about the announcement？ 　 　
A．Parents don't support it.
B．It makes everyone pleased.
C．It makes parents worried.
D．It reduces parents' burdens.
（2）What's the most efficient way for children to study？ 　 　
A．Teachers check students' homework.
B．Parents sign their children's homework.
C．Children are willing to learn by themselves.
D．Parents supervise their children' homework.
（3）What will happen to children if parents supervise their homework？ 　 　
A．They will lack confidence.
B．They may feel great pressure.
C．They will be more independent.
D．They may not realize their mistakes.
（4）What's the author's attitude to parents signing their children's homework？ 　 　
A．Opposed.
B．Neutral.
C．Optimistic.
D．Unconcerned.
17．（2025 如皋市模拟） When I challenged myself to travel by low﹣carbon routes during the writing of my book，I experienced the best and worst of our transit network.When public transport works，it really works.I found traveling by train and bike empowering.
But even in this time of climate emergency，public transport still remains an unpopular choice.It doesn't take many strikes，cancellations，missed connections and rising ticket prices to avoid it altogether.When the average British person already spends around 3，500 a year on car costs，it's no wonder we prefer the driver's seat.
Yet，there are many reasons we should be using public transport more，with one being the bonus to the environment they bring.Recent research shows that UK trains have higher carbon savings than previously thought.For my Scottish journey，had I traveled a similar route from London to Edinburgh by car，my journey's emissions would supposedly have increased 10﹣fold.
E﹣bike rental schemes have also increased across the UK，and so has cycling in general，but this mode of transport isn't always planned for.All over the country，dedicated （专用的） bike lanes are way too rare.
All of this has revealed to me that while the UK's transport infrastructure （基础设施） is poor，its potential is significant.We know how effective electrified rail routes can be in decarbonization，but in 2021﹣22 little more than a mile of such track was upgraded across Britain.Centrally funded investment could change things.
The rest of Europe seems to recognize this.If I were in Austria，I could travel across Vienna by public transport for ?l a day.In Germany，I could organize a monthly ?49 direct debit for all﹣inclusive regional public transport.Closer to home，Brighton and Hove have the most popular bus network outside London.
We must demand a nationalized low﹣carbon network，A standardized，centrally funded consistently supported ecosystem of public transport across the UK could truly change our carbon game.
（1）What does the underlined word "empowering" in paragraph 1 most probably mean？ 　 　
A.Sparking debate.
B.Causing confusion.
C.Giving strength or confidence.
D.Leading to complaints and protests.
（2）What is the problem with implementing e﹣bike rental schemes？ 　 　
A.High rental fees.
B.Potential safety problems.
C.Lack of public interest.
D.Insufficient infrastructure.
（3）Why does the author mention Austria and Germany？ 　 　
A.To compare the costs of public transport.
B.To predict the challenges of UK's public transport.
C.To contrast with the state of UK's public transportation.
D.To illustrate the popularity of public transport in Europe.
（4）What can be the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.Transforming carbon game：The Eco﹣Boost on Rails.
B.Revolutionizing UK Transport：The Green Ride Ahead.
C.Empowering Global travelling：A Long March on Land.
D.Revolutionizing UK City Life：The Tech Leap on Tracks.
18．（2025 六盘水一模） In today's interconnected world，maintaining personal independence is more important than ever.While cooperating with and relying on others are essential aspects of modern life，an overdependence on external （外部的） systems，technology，or individuals can gradually destroy autonomy，kill personal growth，and compromise one's ability to deal with challenges.
First，independence develops self﹣reliance and adaptability.In a rapidly changing world，individuals must adapt to unexpected circumstances，from economic downturns （衰退） to technological disruptions.For example，someone who has developed financial knowledge and self﹣sufficiency is better equipped to handle economic challenges than someone who relies entirely on others for support.Independence enables individuals to take control of their lives and make informed decisions without being overly influenced by external forces.
Second，independence promotes personal growth and self﹣fulfillment.Relying too much on others can limit one's opportunities to explore，take risks，and learn from mistakes.When individuals independently pursue their goals and passions，they gain confidence，skills，and a sense of purpose.For example，starting a personal project or business without external backing challenges people to innovate and think critically，developing creativity and problem﹣solving abilities.
Maintaining independence protects individuality and personal identity in a world where conformity（遵从） is often encouraged.Social media and cultural trends can pressure individuals to agree with popular opinions or adopt popular lifestyles，potentially hiding their true selves.Independence allows people to form their own beliefs，values，and priorities，making them more empowered to contribute uniquely to society.
Critics might argue that independence risks isolation or the loss of community values.However，independence does not prevent cooperation or meaningful relationships.In fact，truly independent individuals often bring more value to relationships because they contribute from a place of strength and confidence rather than dependency.
Maintaining independence in today's society is vital for personal growth.While mutual support and interdependence are valuable，they should not come at the cost of autonomy.Keeping a balance between cooperation and independence ensures individuals can thrive in an ever﹣evolving world.
（1）Who may handle economic challenges better according to Paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.People depending on themselves.
B.People making innovative decisions.
C.People influenced by external forces.
D.People relying on unexpected settings.
（2）Why does independence matter in a world encouraging conformity？ 　 　
A.It makes people form common beliefs.
B.It allows people to maintain self﹣hood.
C.It enables people to lead cultural trends.
D.It helps people develop their intelligence.
（3）Which can best describe an independent person in relationships？ 　 　
A.Confident and helpful.
B.Isolated and indifferent.
C.Cooperative and proud.
D.Critical and autonomous.
（4）How is the passage mainly developed？ 　 　
A.By inferring and comparing.
B.By showing cause and effect.
C.By giving opinions and examples.
D.By stating problems and solutions.
19．（2025 延边州一模） Most have probably heard of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden，even though his message of simplicity may sound outdated.Nowadays，smart phones flood us with text messages.Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices，from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones.Simple living seems to be a thing of the past.
Thoreau would beg to differ.As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago，he was a contrarian（叛逆者） for his time.He lived during the height of the Industrial Age，distinguished by the rise of large factories，expanding urban developments，and powerful machines.
Turned off by the constant busyness of this time，Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods.He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden.In the book，Thoreau is basically making a philosophical statement.We are not living meaningful lives due to modern technology.We created powerful machines to make life more convenient.Unfortunately，these machines have done the opposite.In his words，"men have become the tools of their tools".
That is to say，we are not the ones controlling technology.Technology is controlling us.Every few minutes，smart phones may distract us with messages.At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour.Meanwhile，information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion.
When technology causes that much distraction and confusion，it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse.Personally，I've done so in two ways.First，I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum.Most time，I only use my phone to call or text.Second，I quit most social media.Sure，those two things aren't as extreme as 'Thoreau withdrawing into the woods.Nevertheless，they're realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life.
（1）Why does the author refer to Thoreau's book Walden in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.To tell the characters of Thoreau.
B.To attract more consumers.
C.To bring in the concept of simple life.
D.To discuss the advantage of smart phones.
（2）What might drive Thoreau to live in the woods？ 　 　
A.The purpose to keep fit.
B.His plan of writing a book.
C.The pace of his time.
D.His worry about technology.
（3）What is the author' attitude to Thoreau's words "men have become the tools of their tools"？ 　 　A.Tolerant.
B.Doubtful.
C.Approving.
D.Critical.
（4）What is the author's main argument in this text？ 　 　
A.Modern technology improves our lives.
B.Simplicity in a way helps live a meaningful life.
C.We should withdraw from modern society.
D.Powerful machines are necessary for progress.
20．（2025 顺德区模拟） Nietzsche（尼采）was wrong：When you gaze long enough into the abyss（深渊），the abyss does not gaze back into you.Instead，the cosmic void（黑洞） remains silent，relentless and frightening in its vastness.
When looking at the vast emptiness of the universe，there is a temptation（诱惑）to look at our tiny world with nihilism.To feel that our great achievements amount to nothing.That our history fails to leave a mark.That our concerns and anxieties are pointless.
I'm a cosmologist，the kind of scientist who studies the origin，history and evolution of the universe.I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us.And in the course of my studies，I have learned to reject that temptation.
It's true that Earth is neither large nor long﹣lived，but that is only one way of measuring pared with the cosmic voids，there is something special happening on our planet.Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder.Earth is the only known place where humans can exist.It is the only known place where laughter，love，anger and joy exist.The only known place where we can find dance，music，and art.Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren't meaningless.The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe.
The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives.The presence of voids guarantees the opposite；they create contrast；they are full of potential.The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved.The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation.Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters.
Artists have long understood the power of the void.The 12th﹣century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves.The famed architect Rem celebrated the utility of negative spaces，proclaiming，"Where there is nothing，everything is possible."
The universe won't do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist.It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose.
（1）What does the underlined word "nihilism"in paragraph 2 mean？ 　 　
A.Hope.
B.Admiration.
C.Meaninglessness.
D.Purpose.
（2）Why does the author reject the temptation？ 　 　
A.He is a cosmologist who believes science.
B.Earth is the only place for human experiences.
C.Human experiences differ from those in voids.
D.Earth is special because it is small and short﹣lived.
（3）What is the author doing in paragraph 5？ 　 　
A.Explaining how voids in life offer meaning.
B.Stating that voids in life should be avoided.
C.Criticizing the role of voids in universe and life.
D.Arguing voids should be filled for more meaning.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？ 　 　
A.To clarify Nietzsche's philosophy.
B.To explore the unique significance of voids.
C.To report a scientific study of cosmic voids.
D.To criticize passive views on human achievements.
2025年高考英语复习新题速递之议论文阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025 山西模拟） Many cosmetics and skincare companies present an image of social responsibility.The question of whether the beauty industry is responsible has received little attention，which is unfortunate because of the industry's large scale and rapid growth.The worldwide beauty industry has reached ＄625 billion in sales by 2023，of which the United States and Western Europe represent about 20 percent each and China a further 16 percent.For that，we have to think carefully about the question.
One way to answer this question：Ask whether this industry contributes to human development.The fact that almost all past societies used beauty products suggests these items had some socially productive purpose.
However，the ingredients（成分） employed in making early beauty products were often harmful.The beauty industry's employment of basic chemistry since the 19th century can be seen as improving safety to some degree.
Yet not all chemical products were or are safe，and the industry has been obviously unwilling to welcome external regulation（监管）.US﹣based companies have been particularly good at fighting against regulation of potentially harmful ingredients.A report in 2019 noted that the European Union had banned or restricted more than 1，300 chemicals used as ingredients for beauty products.
Another characteristic of a responsible business is to interact with those who are closely related to it with purpose and modesty，rather than in harmful ways.The beauty industry