2025中考英语冲刺常考短语分类背诵

2025中考英语冲刺常考短语分类背诵
第一节 动词短语辨析
come短语
come from来自 come to到，来 come in进来 come into进入
come true实现；成为现实 come back回来
come across (偶然)遇见(或发现) come up with想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)
get短语
get back回来 get in进入;到达;收获 get into陷入;参与
get out离开，出去 get used to习惯于 get to到达
get together相聚；聚集 get up起床 get out of 离开；从……出来
get ready for为……做准备 get on/along with与……和睦相处
give短语
give away 赠送；捐赠 give back归还 give in 屈服；让步 give off 发出(光、热等) give out 分发；散发 give up放弃
hang短语
hang up 挂断电话；挂起(衣服)
hang on 紧紧抓住 hang out 闲逛；常去某处
look短语
look around环顾四周 look after照顾;照料 look at看着
look down俯视 look like看起来像 look up to钦佩；仰慕
look for寻找 look forward to盼望;期待
look down upon/on瞧不起 look into调查;审查
look back at回首(往事)；回忆；回顾 look through快速查看；浏览
look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看
turn短语
turn back(使)返回 turn around转身 turn to转向；求助于
turn into (使)变成 turn off关闭 turn down调低(音量)；拒绝
turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开
put短语
put away把……收好 put through接通；完成
put down放下；写下 put into放进 put off推迟 put out扑灭；熄灭
put up搭建；举起，挂起；张贴 put together放在一起；组合
put...into good use好好利用……
take短语
take off起飞;脱下;离开 take up开始从事 take over接管
take action采取行动 take care of照顾 take part in参加
take care当心,小心 take in吸入;理解,领会 take turns轮流
take out拿出;取出 take place发生
take after (外貌或行为)像 take down拆除；记录；往下拽
同一介词/副词型
about短语
argue about争论 care about关心；在意 dream about梦想，梦到
hear about听说 know/learn about了解 worry about担心；烦恼
talk about谈论 think about思考；思索；考虑
at短语
laugh at嘲笑 arrive at到达(小地方) point at指向
shout at冲……叫嚷 smile at冲……笑 throw at投向，掷向
work at从事；研究 call at拜访；致电
away短语
blow away吹走；驱散 fly away飞走 get away离开，脱身
go away走开 keep away from远离 pass away去世；消失
take away带走，拿走 stay away不在家，外出
throw away扔掉；抛弃 walk away走开；离去
back短语
go back回去 give back归还 head back返回；折回
pay back 回报；偿还(借款等) talk back回嘴，顶嘴
think back回忆；回想 bring back恢复；使想起；归还
call (sb.) back (给某人)回电话 look back at回首(往事)；回忆；回顾
down短语
break down损坏;分解;抛锚;停止运转.出故障 lie down躺下
calm down(使)平静，镇静下来 die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
fall down突然倒下；倒塌；摔倒 close down停业；停产
cut down砍倒；削减 let down使失望 go down下降；落下 sit down坐下 slow down减速 write down写下；记录下
off短语
clean off把……擦掉 break off 突然中止,弄断 fall off跌落；下降
jump off 从……跳下来 get off下车;离开 run off 跑掉；迅速离开
keep off避开；不接近 pay off 偿清(欠款等)
send off发出,寄出 set off出发，动身前往 show off炫耀
shut off关闭；停止运转 kick sb. off开除某人 see sb. off为某人送行
cut off切除；剪掉；切断(水源、电源等) go off (闹钟)发出响声；离开
on短语
call on号召；拜访 carry on继续下去；从事 cheer on为……加油
get on上车；继续做 keep on继续 knock on敲
go on继续 pass on传递(信息)
take on承担；从事 try on试穿 depend on取决于;依靠.依赖
hold on等一等(别挂电话)；坚持 live/feed on以……为食；靠……为生
put on穿上；上演；增加体重，发胖
out短语
call out喊叫；召集 carry out执行，开展 check out察看；观察
clear out清理；丢掉 clean sb out 榨干某人 cut out删除；删去
die out灭绝；消失 find out查明;弄清 hand out分发
blow out吹灭 lay out摆开;布置 look out小心，当心
point out指出 leave out 忽视 冷落;省略 删除；
run out用完，耗尽 sell out售完，卖光 send out发送
set out出发；开始 try out试验；选拔 turn out结果是，证明是
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发 stand out显眼;突出;脱颖而出
bring out使显现，使表现出 come out开花；出现，显露；出版
help out (帮助)分担工作，解决难题
work out计算；找到解决办法等；锻炼
up短语
pick up(开车)接；捡起；获得；收拾；接电话
take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做 dress up打扮；乔装打扮
use up用完；耗尽 cut up切碎，剁碎 bring up提出，养育，培养
set up建立；设立；开办 call up打电话给；号召；征召
cheer up (使)振作起来;(使)高兴起来 give up放弃
grow up成长，长大 make up编造；组成，构成；化妆
send up发出；射出 show up出现；露面 wake up睡醒；醒来；唤醒
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词
agree to do sth.：同意做某事 afford to do sth.：负担得起做某事
arrange to do sth.：安排做某事 choose to do sth.：选择做某事
decide to do sth.：决定做某事 dare to do sth.：敢于做某事
expect to do sth.：期望做某事 hope to do sth.：希望做某事
learn to do sth.：学习做某事 manage to do sth.：设法做某事
offer to do sth.：提供做某事 plan to do sth.：计划做某事
prepare to do sth.：准备做某事 promise to do sth.：许诺做某事
wish to do sth.：希望做某事 would like to do sth.：愿意做某事
常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）
allow sb. to do sth.：允许某人做某事 order sb. to do sth.：命令某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth.：教某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.：要求某人做某事
want sb. to do sth.：想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth.：邀请某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth.：禁止某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.：鼓励某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth.：告诉某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth.：警告某人做某事
advise sb. to do sth.：建议某人做某事 force sb. to do sth.：强迫某人做某事
2. 动词不定式的常用句型
It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事怎么样。
It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.某人做某事是怎么样的。
It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.某人花多长时间做某事。
It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。
It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.是(某人)该做……的时候了。
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
adj.＋enough to do sth.足够……做某事
too...to do sth.太……而不能做某事
常见接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
Avoid doing sth避免 consider doing sth 考虑 enjoy doing sth 喜欢
Finish doing sth 完成 imagine doing sth想象 keep doing sth坚持
Mind doing sth介意 practice doing sth练习 suggest doing sth建议
have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心
feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事
be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事
有些动词既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，但意义不同，具体如下：
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 设法或尽力去做某事
forget/remember doing sth. 忘记/记得做过某事(已做)
forget/remember to do sth. 忘记/记得去做某事(未做)
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事(已做) regret to do sth. 很遗憾要做某事(未做)
need doing sth. 某事需要被做(被动含义)
need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算或想做某事)
continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事(未完成) continue to do sth. 继续做另一件事(已经完成一项工作)
2. 形容词短语
about短语
be careful about对……小心 be serious about对……认真
be worried about对……担心 be crazy about对……着迷
at短语
be bad at不擅长 be good at擅长 be surprised at对……吃惊
in短语
be weak in不擅长…… be dressed in穿着…… be rich in富含……
be interested in对……感兴趣 be successful in 在……方面成功
for短语
be famous/known for以……而著名 be bad for对……有坏处
be hungry/thirsty for渴望；渴求 be late for迟到
be ready for准备好…… be sorry for对……感到抱歉，遗憾
be responsible for对……有责任/负责任
from短语
be free from不受……影响 be absent from缺席
be different from不同于 be separate from 分离
to短语
be helpful to对……有帮助 be able to能够(做某事) be close to靠近，接近
be friendly to对……友好 be good/kind/nice to对……好
be similar to与……相似
of短语
be afraid of害怕 be fond of 喜欢 be full of充满
be tired of 厌烦 be short of短缺 be proud of 因……而骄傲
with短语
be angry with(sb.)对(某人)发怒 be patient with对……有耐心 be busy with忙于be pleased with对……感到满意 be popular with受……欢迎
be satisfied with对……感到满意 be strict with对……严格要求
二、副词
1. 副词的分类
时间副词 soon， now， early， finally， once， recently
方式副词 well， fast， slowly， excitedly， really
频度副词 always， usually， often， sometimes， hardly ever， seldom， never连接副词 how， when， where， why， whether， however
地点副词 here， nearby， outside， above， there
程度副词 almost， nearly， very， quite， rather
疑问副词 how， where， when， why
关系副词 when， where， why
1.含不定冠词的固定搭配
动词词组
have a good time 玩得愉快 have a look 看一看 have a cold 感冒
have a try 试一试 make a living 谋生
介词词组
as a result 因此 all of a sudden 突然地 in a word 总而言之
2.含定冠词的固定搭配
介词词组
at the same time 同时 by the way 顺便问一下
for the first time 第一次 at the moment 此刻
in the end 最后
动词词组
go to the cinema/movies 去看电影 go to the station 去车站
3.含零冠词的固定搭配
介词词组
at home在家 at first/last 首先/最后 at night/noon 在夜里/中午
in time及时 in fact 事实上 in danger处于危险中
on holiday在度假 by mistake 错误地 on time准时 on foot 步行
动词词组
go to school/work 去上学/上班 have fun玩得开心
其他词组
day and night日日夜夜 face to face 面对面
hand in hand手拉手 step by step 一步一步地
第二节 介词短语及固定搭配
1.介词与动词的搭配
pay attention to专注 take off 脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞；火爆
arrive at/in到达 turn off关掉 take part in参加
keep in touch with...与……保持联系 dance to music随着音乐跳舞
fall in love with爱上…… borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物
help oneself to(sth.) 随便吃/喝…… take the place of代替，取代
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
2.介词与形容词的搭配
be harmful to对……有害 be different from与……不be good for对……有好处
be famous for因……而著名 be interested in对……感兴趣
be proud of为……骄傲；感到自豪 be friendly to对……友好
be similar to与……相似 be busy with忙于……
be strict with sb.对某人要求严格 be absent from缺席 be late for迟到
be good at擅长于…… be tired of厌倦 be afraid of害怕
be full of充满……
3.介词与名词的搭配
(1)in＋n.
in fact事实上 in need 需要帮助 in detail 详细地
in danger处于危险中 in doubt怀疑地 in fear 在恐惧中
in person亲自 in public 公开地
in return作为回报 in silence 沉默;无声地 in surprise吃惊地
in time 及时 in turn 轮流 in trouble处于困境中
(2)at＋n.
at home 在家 at school在上课；在上学 at table在用餐
at night在夜晚 at present 现在 at work 上班；在工作
(3)on＋n.
on business出差 on board在船/飞机上 on duty 值日
on call随时待命的 on foot 步行 on fire着火；失火
on purpose故意 on holiday度假
on show在展出 on sale出售；降价出售 on time准时
4.其他常见介词短语
at first首先 instead of代替，而不是
in other words换句话说 with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
by chance/accident偶然,碰巧 to one’s surprise 让某人惊讶的是
together with和……一起 rather than而不是 in order to为了
such as例如 as usual像往常一样 because of因为 by the way顺便问一下
for example例如 as a result结果 first of all首先 to begin with首先