Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.知识点总结与练习学案（含答案解析） 人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
知识点总结与练习人教版英语八年级下册
一、重点词汇
（一）基础词汇
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shoot v. 射击；发射（过去式/过去分词 shot）
stone n. 石头
weak adj. 虚弱的；无力的（反义词 strong）
god n. 神；上帝
remind v. 提醒；使想起（常用结构 remind sb. of sth.）
bit n. 一点；小块（短语 a little bit = a bit 稍微）
silly adj. 愚蠢的；不明事理的（近义词 foolish）
instead adv. 代替；反而；却（常用结构 instead of doing sth.）
turn...into 变成
object n. 物体；物品
hide v. 隐藏；隐蔽（过去式 hid，过去分词 hidden）
tail n. 尾巴
magic adj. 有魔力的；神奇的（名词 magic 魔法）
stick n. 棍；条 v. 粘贴；将……刺入
excite v. 使激动；使兴奋（形容词 excited/exciting）
Western adj. 西方的（名词 west 西方）
fit v. 适合；合身 adj. 健康的
couple n. 两人；两件事物（短语 a couple of 几个）
smile v. & n. 笑；微笑
marry v. 结婚（短语 get married 结婚）
gold n. 金子；黄金 adj. 金色的
silk n. 丝绸；丝织物
nobody pron. 没有人 n. 小人物
cheat v. 欺骗；蒙骗 n. 骗子
step n. 台阶；步
（二）拓展词汇
west（名词，西方）→ Western（形容词，西方的）
magic（名词，魔法）→ magical（形容词，有魔力的）
excite（动词，使兴奋）→ excited（形容词，兴奋的，修饰人）→ exciting（形容词，令人兴奋的，修饰物）
marry（动词，结婚）→ marriage（名词，婚姻）
hide（动词，隐藏）→ hidden（过去分词/形容词，隐藏的）
二、短语归纳
work on sth. 从事于某事；努力改善或完成某事
as soon as 一……就……（引导时间状语从句）
once upon a time 从前（常用于故事开头）
instead of (doing) sth. 代替（做）某事
turn...into... 把……变成……
get married (to sb.) （与某人）结婚
fall in love (with sb.) 爱上（某人）
all over the world 全世界
in the moonlight 在月光下
lead sb. to sp. 带领某人到某地
make a plan 制定计划
a little bit 有点儿（修饰形容词或副词）
give up (doing sth.) 放弃（做某事）
solve a problem 解决问题
different opinions 不同的观点
三、词义辨析
（一）such as vs. for example
区别 such as for example
用法 列举同类事物中的多个例子，直接跟例子，无逗号 列举一个例子，用逗号隔开，可位于句首、句中或句尾
例句 He likes fruits such as apples and bananas. （他喜欢苹果、香蕉等水果。） For example, he likes apples. （例如，他喜欢苹果。）
（二）unless vs. if not
unless（连词）：除非；如果不，引导条件状语从句（= if...not），从句用一般现在时表将来。
例：Unless you study hard, you won’t pass the exam.
= If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the exam.
（除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过考试。）
if not：如果不，更口语化，可单独使用。
例：Hurry up, if not, you’ll be late.（快点，否则你会迟到。）
（三）alone vs. lonely
alone（adj./adv.）：独自的（地），强调客观状态，无感彩。
例：She lives alone, but she doesn’t feel lonely.（她独自生活，但不感到孤独。）
lonely（adj.）：孤独的，强调主观感受，可修饰人或地方（“荒凉的”）。
例：The old man feels lonely because his children are far away.（老人因孩子远在他乡而感到孤独。）
四、重点句型
Once upon a time, there was a very old man.
从前，有一位非常年迈的老人。
As soon as the man finished talking, Yu Gong said that his family could continue to move the mountains after he died.
这个人一说完，愚公就说他的家人可以在他死后继续移山。
You have different opinions about the story, but neither of you are wrong.
你们对这个故事有不同的观点，但你们都没错。
Instead of building a road, he kept trying to move the mountains.
他没有修路，而是继续努力移山。
The new couple were so happy that they couldn’t stop smiling when they got married.
这对新婚夫妇非常开心，结婚时笑个不停。
Unless we do something to stop it, the problem will get worse.
除非我们采取行动阻止，否则问题会变得更糟。
五、语法聚焦：状语从句（时间状语从句与条件状语从句）
1. 时间状语从句
引导词：as soon as, when, while, until, before, after 等。
用法：
as soon as 表示“一……就……”，从句动作先于主句动作发生，主句和从句时态需一致（主将从现/主过从过）。
例：I will call you as soon as I arrive.（我一到就给你打电话。）
until 表示“直到……”，主句动词为延续性动词时用肯定句，为非延续性动词时用否定句（not...until）。
例：He waited until I came back.（他一直等到我回来。）
He didn’t leave until I came back.（直到我回来他才离开。）
2. 条件状语从句
引导词：if, unless, as long as 等。
用法：
if 表示“如果”，unless 表示“除非（= if...not）”，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）。
例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。）
Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus.（除非你快点，否则你会错过公交车。）
练习题
（一）词汇填空（根据首字母写单词）
The hunter s______ the bird and it fell to the ground.
Don’t be s______! That’s not a real snake.
She r______ me to bring an umbrella because it might rain.
The little girl h______ her toys under the bed.
The Monkey King can turn himself into different ______ (物体).
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
As soon as I ______ (arrive) in Beijing, I will call you.
The story made us ______ (feel) excited.
They got ______ (marry) last year and have a lovely baby now.
The movie was so ______ (excite) that we all loved it.
Instead of ______ (play) games, he studied for the exam.
（三）单项选择
—What do you think of the story of Yu Gong
—I think it’s a little bit ______. Moving mountains is too difficult.
A. silly B. clever C. interesting D. magic
She didn’t go to bed ______ she finished her homework.
A. as soon as B. until C. while D. since
The Monkey King can make 72 changes to his shape, ______ turning himself into a bird.
A. such as B. for example C. instead of D. because of
______ you work hard, you will succeed one day.
A. As long as B. As soon as C. As far as D. As well as
The new dress ______ her very well. She looks beautiful in it.
A. fits B. matches C. fixes D. catches
（四）句型转换
He married my sister last year.（改为同义句）
He ______ ______ ______ my sister last year.
Unless you get up early, you’ll miss the bus.（改为同义句）
______ you ______ get up early, you’ll miss the bus.
“Why do you like reading stories ” she asked me.（改为间接引语）
She asked me ______ ______ ______ reading stories.
The story is so interesting that everyone likes it.（改为简单句）
It’s ______ ______ interesting story that everyone likes it.
They were very tired, but they didn’t give up.（合并为一句）
They didn’t give up ______ they were very tired.
（五）阅读理解
Long long ago, there was a small village. In the village, there was a man named Tom. He was very lazy and never did any housework. His wife Alice was very angry with him. One day, Alice said to Tom, “If you don’t help with the housework, I will leave you.” Tom didn’t believe her at first, but when Alice started to pack her bags, he became scared. He quickly started to help clean the house and cook meals. From then on, Tom and Alice lived happily together.
This story is similar to the story of Yu Gong. Both stories tell us that we should face difficulties and never give up. In Yu Gong’s story, he moved the mountains with his family’s help. In Tom’s story, he changed his lazy habits and saved his marriage. No matter what problems we meet, we should try our best to solve them.
Why was Alice angry with Tom
A. Because Tom was too busy.
B. Because Tom didn’t do housework.
C. Because Tom was very lazy at work.
D. Because Tom often left home.
What did Tom do when Alice started to leave
A. He packed his bags too.
B. He asked for help.
C. He started to do housework.
D. He became angry.
What’s the similarity between the two stories
A. Both are about moving mountains.
B. Both are about marriage.
C. Both tell us to never give up.
D. Both have a sad ending.
What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Lazy people will lose their families.
B. We should learn from Yu Gong.
C. We should solve problems instead of giving up.
D. Marriage needs both sides’ efforts.
（六）书面表达
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom想了解中国的寓言故事“愚公移山”。请你写一封邮件，内容包括：
故事的主要内容（愚公为何移山，如何做的）；
故事的寓意（面对困难不放弃）；
你从故事中得到的启示。
要求：60-80词，格式正确，语言通顺。
答案及解析
（一）词汇填空
【答案】shot
【解析】根据“猎人……鸟，它掉在地上”及首字母s，可知填shoot的过去式shot（射击）。
【答案】silly
【解析】“别……！那不是真蛇”，silly（愚蠢的）符合语境，故填silly。
【答案】reminded
【解析】“她……我带伞，因为可能下雨”，remind sb. to do sth.（提醒某人做某事），结合语境用一般过去时，故填reminded。
【答案】hid
【解析】“小女孩把玩具……在床底下”，hide（隐藏）的过去式为hid，故填hid。
【答案】objects
【解析】“物体”译为object，different后接可数名词复数，故填objects。
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
【答案】arrive
【解析】as soon as引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主语I对应arrive，故填arrive。
【答案】feel
【解析】make sb. do sth.（使某人做某事）为固定结构，故填动词原形feel。
【答案】married
【解析】get married（结婚）为固定短语，故填married。
【答案】exciting
【解析】修饰事物movie用exciting（令人兴奋的），故填exciting。
【答案】playing
【解析】instead of后接动名词（-ing）形式，故填playing。
（三）单项选择
【答案】A
【解析】根据“移山太难了”可知认为故事有点“愚蠢”，silly（愚蠢的）符合语境，故选A。
【答案】B
【解析】“直到完成作业才睡觉”，not...until（直到……才）为固定搭配，故选B。
【答案】A
【解析】“例如变成鸟”，such as列举多个例子（后直接跟例子），for example后需加逗号，故选A。
【答案】A
【解析】“只要努力，终会成功”，as long as（只要）引导条件状语从句，故选A。
【答案】A
【解析】“裙子很合身”，fit（适合）强调尺寸合适，match（匹配）强调颜色/款式，故选A。
（四）句型转换
【答案】got married to
【解析】marry sb. = get married to sb.（与某人结婚），原句为一般过去时，故填got married to。
【答案】If; don’t
【解析】unless = if...not（如果不），故填If; don’t。
【答案】why I liked
【解析】间接引语需用陈述句语序，原句时态为一般过去时，故填why I liked。
【答案】such an
【解析】so + adj. + a/an + n. = such + a/an + adj. + n.，故填such an。
【答案】although/though
【解析】“尽管累但不放弃”，合并为让步状语从句，用although/though（尽管）连接，故填although/though。
（五）阅读理解
【答案】B
【解析】根据第一段“He was very lazy and never did any housework. His wife Alice was very angry with him.”可知，Alice生气是因为Tom不做家务，故选B。
【答案】C
【解析】根据第一段“He quickly started to help clean the house and cook meals.”可知，Tom开始做家务，故选C。
【答案】C
【解析】根据第二段“Both stories tell us that we should face difficulties and never give up.”可知，两个故事都告诉我们不要放弃，故选C。
【答案】C
【解析】文章通过两个故事强调面对问题应努力解决而非放弃，主旨句为“No matter what problems we meet, we should try our best to solve them.”，故选C。
（六）书面表达（略）
（提示：开头介绍故事主角愚公，说明移山原因（大山阻碍交通），描述他带领家人移山，面对嘲笑不放弃，最终感动上帝派神移山；寓意为“面对困难不放弃”；启示可结合自身，如学习中遇到困难要坚持。）