Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world
知识点总结与练习 人教版英语八年级下册
一、重点词汇
(一)基础词汇
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mountain n. 山;山脉
height n. 高度;身高(形容词 high)
desert n. 沙漠
population n. 人口;人口数量
Asia n. 亚洲(形容词 Asian 亚洲的)
tour n. & v. 旅行;旅游(名词 tourist 旅行者)
ancient adj. 古代的;古老的
protect v. 保护;防护(名词 protection)
wide adj. 宽的;宽阔的(副词 widely 广泛地)
achieve v. 达到;完成;成功(名词 achievement)
thick adj. 厚的;浓的(反义词 thin)
include v. 包括;包含(介词 including)
freezing adj. 极冷的;冰冻的(动词 freeze)
condition n. 条件;状况
succeed v. 实现目标;成功(名词 success,形容词 successful)
challenge n. & v. 挑战;考验
force n. 力;力量
nature n. 自然界;大自然(形容词 natural)
ocean n. 大海;海洋
weigh v. 称重量(名词 weight)
birth n. 出生;诞生(动词 bear)
up to 到达(某数量、程度等);至多有
(二)拓展词汇
high(形容词,高的)→ height(名词,高度)
south(名词,南)→ southern(形容词,南方的)
succeed(动词,成功)→ success(名词,成功)→ successful(形容词,成功的)→ successfully(副词,成功地)
protect(动词,保护)→ protection(名词,保护)
weigh(动词,称重)→ weight(名词,重量)
二、短语归纳
as...as... 和……一样(中间接形容词/副词原级)
talk about 谈论;讨论
in the world 在世界上
one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 最……的……之一
such as 例如(列举多个例子)
even though/if 即使;虽然(引导让步状语从句)
at birth 出生时
up to 达到;至多有
prepare for 为……做准备
die from 死于(外因,如事故)
cut down 砍倒
take in 吸入;吞入(体内)
in the face of 面对(问题、困难等)
reach the top 到达顶峰
fall over 摔倒;跌倒
三、词义辨析
(一)population 的用法
population 表示“人口数量”时,是集合名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
例:The population of China is over 1.4 billion.(中国人口超过14亿。)
提问人口数量用 What’s the population of... ,不能用 how many/much。
例:What’s the population of this city (这座城市的人口是多少?)
表示“某地有多少人口”可用“have a population of + 数字”。
例:This city has a population of 5 million.(这座城市有500万人口。)
(二)as...as vs. so...as
as...as 用于肯定句和否定句,意为“和……一样”,中间接原级。
例:He is as tall as his father.(他和他父亲一样高。)
so...as 仅用于否定句,相当于“not as...as”,意为“不如……”。
例:He is not so tall as his father. = He is not as tall as his father.(他不如他父亲高。)
(三)die from vs. die of
die from 指死于外因(如事故、伤害、污染等)。
例:The old man died from a car accident.(老人死于车祸。)
die of 指死于内因(如疾病、衰老、饥饿等)。
例:He died of cancer last year.(他去年死于癌症。)
四、重点句型
—What’s the highest mountain in the world
世界上最高的山是什么?
—Qomolangma. 珠穆朗玛峰。
It’s higher than any other mountain in the world.
它比世界上任何其他山脉都高。
China has the biggest population in the world.
中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
Even though it’s very dangerous to climb Qomolangma, many climbers succeed in reaching the top.
尽管攀登珠穆朗玛峰很危险,许多登山者仍成功登顶。
At birth, a baby panda is about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos.
熊猫幼崽出生时约0.1到0.2公斤。
Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.
成年熊猫每天花费超过12小时吃掉约10公斤竹子。
五、语法聚焦:形容词和副词的比较级与最高级
1. 构成规则
类型 构成方法 例词
单音节词/少数双音节词 直接加 -er/-est tall → taller → tallest
以不发音 e 结尾 加 -r/-st nice → nicer → nicest
以“辅音 + y”结尾 变 y 为 i 加 -er/-est heavy → heavier → heaviest
重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母加 -er/-est big → bigger → biggest
多音节词/部分双音节词 加 more/most beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful
2. 用法
比较级:表示两者比较,结构为“比较级 + than”。
例:This river is longer than that one.(这条河比那条长。)
最高级:表示三者或三者以上比较,结构为“the + 最高级 + in/of”。
例:She is the tallest student in her class.(她是班上最高的学生。)
特殊用法:
one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数:最……的……之一。
例:The Great Wall is one of the most famous places in the world.(长城是世界上最著名的地方之一。)
比较级 + and + 比较级:越来越……。
例:Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.(我们的城市越来越美。)
练习题
(一)词汇填空(根据首字母或汉语提示写单词)
Qomolangma is the highest m______ in the world.
The p______ of China is about 1.4 billion.
We should p______ wild animals from danger.
He a______ his dream of becoming a teacher last year.
The desert is very dry and has few plants or ______ (人口).
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空
The Nile is the ______ (long) river in the world.
She is much ______ (tall) than her younger sister.
The little girl weighs about 30 ______ (kilo) now.
Many climbers risk their lives ______ (climb) Qomolangma.
The Amazon River is almost as ______ (wide) as the Nile.
(三)单项选择
—______ is the population of your city
—About 3 million.
A. What B. How many C. How much D. How
Qomolangma is higher than ______ mountain in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. the other
______ it’s difficult, he still tries to finish the work.
A. Even though B. As soon as C. Because D. Until
The baby panda is only 0.1 kilos ______ birth.
A. in B. at C. on D. for
She is ______ student in our class.
A. successful B. more successful
C. the most successful D. most successful
(四)句型转换
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.(改为最高级)
The Yangtze River is ______ ______ river in China.
What’s the height of the building (改为同义句)
______ ______ is the building
Even though he is young, he knows a lot.(改为同义句)
______ he is young, he knows a lot.
The population of the town is about 50,000.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ the population of the town
She is as tall as her mother.(改为否定句)
She ______ ______ tall as her mother.
(五)阅读理解
The Amazon Rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world. It covers about 5.5 million square kilometers. The rainforest is home to millions of animals, plants, and insects. There are many tall trees, some of which are over 100 meters high. The Amazon River, the second longest river in the world, runs through the rainforest.
The Amazon Rainforest is very important to the world. It produces about 20% of the world’s oxygen (氧气). It also helps to control the world’s climate (气候). However, the rainforest is in danger now. People are cutting down trees for wood and farming. This makes many animals lose their homes. We should protect the Amazon Rainforest and the animals living there.
How large is the Amazon Rainforest
A. About 5.5 million square kilometers.
B. About 5.5 billion square kilometers.
C. About 20% of the world’s land.
D. It’s the smallest rainforest in the world.
What is the Amazon River like
A. It’s the longest river in the world.
B. It’s the second longest river in the world.
C. It’s the widest river in the world.
D. It’s not mentioned in the passage.
Why is the Amazon Rainforest important
A. It produces oxygen and controls the climate.
B. It has many tall trees.
C. It’s home to few animals.
D. It helps people get more wood.
What’s the main problem of the Amazon Rainforest
A. Too many animals live there.
B. People are cutting down trees.
C. It’s too large to protect.
D. The climate is changing.
(六)书面表达
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Tom想了解中国的长城。请你写一篇短文,内容包括:
长城的基本信息(长度、历史、位置);
长城的重要性(古代用于防御,现在是旅游胜地);
呼吁保护长城。
要求:60-80词,可适当发挥。
答案及解析
(一)词汇填空
【答案】mountain
【解析】根据“珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的……”及首字母m,可知填mountain(山脉)。
【答案】population
【解析】“中国的……约14亿”,population(人口数量)符合语境,故填population。
【答案】protect
【解析】“我们应该……野生动物免受危险”,protect...from...(保护……免受……)为固定搭配,故填protect。
【答案】achieved
【解析】“他去年……成为教师的梦想”,achieve(实现)的过去式为achieved,故填achieved。
【答案】population
【解析】“沙漠非常干燥,几乎没有植物或……”,“人口”译为population,此处为不可数名词,故填population。
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空
【答案】longest
【解析】“尼罗河是世界上最……的河流”,用最高级longest,故填longest。
【答案】taller
【解析】than是比较级标志,tall的比较级为taller,故填taller。
【答案】kilos
【解析】30后接可数名词复数,kilo的复数为kilos,故填kilos。
【答案】climbing
【解析】risk one’s life doing sth.(冒险做某事)为固定结构,故填climbing。
【答案】wide
【解析】as...as中间接原级,wide的原级为wide,故填wide。
(三)单项选择
【答案】A
【解析】提问人口数量用What’s the population of... ,故选A。
【答案】B
【解析】“珠穆朗玛峰比亚洲任何其他山脉都高”,any other(其他任何一个)用于排除自身,故选B。
【答案】A
【解析】“尽管困难,他仍努力完成工作”,even though(即使)引导让步状语从句,故选A。
【答案】B
【解析】at birth(出生时)为固定短语,故选B。
【答案】C
【解析】“她是我们班最成功的学生”,最高级前加the,故选C。
(四)句型转换
【答案】the longest
【解析】“比较级 + than any other” 转换为最高级the longest,故填the longest。
【答案】How high
【解析】询问高度可用How high,故填How high。
【答案】Although/Though
【解析】even though = although/though(虽然),故填Although/Though。
【答案】What is
【解析】对人口数量提问用What’s the population of... ,故填What is。
【答案】isn’t as/so
【解析】否定句中as...as 变为not as/so...as,故填isn’t as/so。
(五)阅读理解
【答案】A
【解析】根据第一段第二句“It covers about 5.5 million square kilometers.”可知,选A。
【答案】B
【解析】由第一段最后一句“The Amazon River, the second longest river in the world...”可知,选B。
【答案】A
【解析】根据第二段第二、三句“It produces about 20% of the world’s oxygen... helps to control the world’s climate.”可知,选A。
【答案】B
【解析】由第二段第五句“People are cutting down trees for wood and farming.”可知,主要问题是砍伐树木,选B。
(六)书面表达(略)
(提示重点短语:
one of the most famous places in the world(世界上最著名的地方之一)
defend against foreign enemies(防御外敌)
World Cultural Heritage(世界文化遗产)
tourist attraction(旅游胜地)
protect the Great Wall(保护长城)
no littering(不乱扔垃圾,可替换为 “not litter”)
选取3-5个短语,结合要点流畅表达即可。)