Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.知识点总结与练习（含答案解析）人教版英语八年级下册

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Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.知识点总结与练习
人教版英语八年级下册
一、重点词汇
（一）基础词汇
yard n. 院子（短语 yard sale 庭院拍卖会）
sweet adj. 甜蜜的；甜的 n. 糖果（复数 sweets）
memory n. 记忆；回忆（复数 memories）
cent n. 分；分币（1美元=100 cents）
toy n. 玩具（短语 toy bear 玩具熊）
bear n. 熊 v. 承受；忍受（过去式 bore，过去分词 borne）
maker n. 生产者；制订者（动词 make）
scarf n. 围巾；披巾；头巾（复数 scarves/scarfs）
soft adj. 软的；柔软的（反义词 hard）
board n. 板；木板（短语 board game 棋类游戏）
check v. & n. 检查；审查（短语 check out 察看；观察）
no longer 不再；不复（同义 not...any longer）
own v. 拥有；有（形容词 own 自己的）
railway n. 铁路；铁道（同义 railroad）
part v. 离开；分开 n. 部分（短语 part with 放弃；交出）
certain adj. 某种；某事；某人（副词 certainly）
honest adj. 诚实的；老实的（反义词 dishonest，副词 honestly）
while n. 一段时间；一会儿（短语 for a while 一会儿）
truthful adj. 诚实的；真实的（名词 truth）
hometown n. 家乡；故乡
nowadays adv. 现今；现在；目前
search v. & n. 搜索；搜查（短语 search for 寻找）
among prep. 在（其）中；……之一（三者或以上）
crayon n. 蜡笔
shame n. 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧（短语 what a shame 真遗憾）
（二）拓展词汇
sell（动词，卖）→ sale（名词，出售；拍卖）
own（动词，拥有）→ owner（名词，物主；主人）
honest（形容词，诚实的）→ honesty（名词，诚实）→ dishonest（形容词，不诚实的）
truthful（形容词，真实的）→ truth（名词，事实；真相）
certain（形容词，某种）→ certainly（副词，当然；肯定）
二、短语归纳
clear out 清理；丢掉
part with 放弃；交出（尤指不舍得的东西）
as for 至于；关于
check out 察看；观察
no longer 不再（= not...any longer）
play with 和……玩；玩弄
bring back 带回；使回忆起
give away 捐赠；赠送
search for 寻找；搜索
at least 至少；起码
for a while 一会儿
in my opinion 在我看来
thousands of 数以千计的（前有具体数字时不加s）
according to 根据；按照
hold on to 紧紧抓住；保留
三、词义辨析
（一）because of vs because
区别 because of because
词性 介词短语，后接名词/代词/动名词 连词，后接完整句子
例句 He was late because of the rain.（他因雨迟到。） He was late because it rained.（他迟到因为下雨了。）
（二）for vs since
for：后接时间段，表示动作持续多久（如 for three years）。
例：I have lived here for five years.（我住这儿五年了。）
since：后接时间点或从句（从句用一般过去时），表示从过去某时开始。
例：I have lived here since 2018.（我从2018年起住这儿。）
I have lived here since I was born.（我出生起就住这儿。）
（三）maybe vs may be
maybe（副词）：也许；大概（位于句首）。
例：Maybe he is at home.（也许他在家。）
may be（情态动词 + be 动词）：可能是（位于句中）。
例：He may be at home.（他可能在家。）
四、重点句型
—How long have you had that bike over there
你拥有那边的那辆自行车多久了？
—I’ve had it for three years. 我拥有它三年了。
She learned to read at the age of four, and she has had the magazine since then.
她四岁学会阅读，从那以后她就一直有这本杂志。
I don’t want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.
我不想放弃我的足球衫，但说实话，我现在已经有一段时间没踢了。
As for me, I did not want to give up my old things at first, but now I feel happy to see other children love my old toys.
至于我，一开始我不想放弃我的旧物，但现在看到其他孩子喜欢我的旧玩具，我感到很高兴。
It’s a shame, but I just don’t have the space for them anymore.
很遗憾，但我确实没有空间存放它们了。
五、语法聚焦：现在完成时（表示持续的动作或状态）
1. 结构
肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 时间段 + 其他.
（例：She has owned the book for two years. 她拥有这本书两年了。）
否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 + 时间段 + 其他.
疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 时间段 + 其他？
2. 用法
表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 for + 时间段 或 since + 时间点/从句 连用，动词需为 延续性动词。
例：He has lived here since 2010.（他从2010年起住这儿。）
短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换（用于与时间段连用时）：
短暂性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
leave be away
die be dead
join be in
3. 常见时间状语
for：for three days, for a long time
since：since 2019, since he came here
其他：so far（到目前为止）, ever since（从那以后）
练习题
（一）词汇填空（根据首字母写单词）
We had a y______ sale last weekend and sold many old things.
This toy bear has brought me many sweet m______.
The s______ girl gave her seat to an old man on the bus.
I have had this b______ game since I was a child.
He decided to p______ with his old bike and give it to a charity.
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
I ______ (have) this dictionary for five years. It’s still useful.
She ______ (not ride) her bike for a month. It’s dirty.
The ______ (own) of the shop is a kind old man.
______ (honest), I don’t like the movie very much.
They ______ (search) for the lost dog for two hours, but they didn’t find it.
（三）单项选择
—How long have you been in Beijing
—I’ve been here ______ 2015.
A. for B. since C. in D. at
She has ______ the book for two weeks.
A. borrowed B. lent C. kept D. bought
I ______ my hometown for ten years. I miss it very much.
A. have left B. have been away from C. left D. was away from
______ the heavy rain, we didn’t go to the park yesterday.
A. Because B. Because of C. As for D. Instead of
It’s time to ______ your old clothes. Some children need them.
A. clear out B. part with C. check out D. give up
（四）句型转换
I bought this watch five years ago.（改为现在完成时）
I ______ ______ this watch for five years.
She no longer lives here.（改为同义句）
She ______ live here ______ ______.
The boy is honest.（改为感叹句）
______ ______ honest boy he is!
They have been in the club since 2020.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ have they been in the club
I have some old books. I don’t use them anymore.（合并为一句）
I have some old books ______ I don’t use them anymore.
（五）阅读理解
Many people like to hold yard sales when they want to clear out their homes. They sell old things they no longer need, such as clothes, toys, and furniture. Yard sales are popular because they help people make some money and find new owners for old things.
Last Saturday, I went to a yard sale near my home. There were many interesting things there. I bought a nice bike for only $10. The owner said he had had it for five years but it was still in good condition. I also found a book about history. It was my favorite subject at school.
Yard sales are a great way to recycle and save resources. They also bring people together. If you have old things you don’t need, why not have a yard sale
Why do people have yard sales
A. To buy new things. B. To clear out their homes and make money.
C. To meet new friends. D. To collect old things.
What did the writer buy at the yard sale
A. A bike and a book. B. Clothes and toys.
C. Furniture and a bike. D. A history book and toys.
How long had the bike’s owner had the bike
A. For two years. B. For three years.
C. For five years. D. For ten years.
What is the main idea of the passage
A. How to hold a yard sale. B. The history of yard sales.
C. The advantages of yard sales. D. What to buy at yard sales.
（六）书面表达
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Emma想了解你家乡的变化。请你写一封邮件，内容包括：
你在家乡居住的时间；
家乡的变化（如出现了新公园、图书馆等）；
你对家乡变化的感受。
提示重点短语：
have been in
such as
for a while
in my opinion
bring back
要求：60-80词，格式正确，语言通顺。
答案及解析
（一）词汇填空
【答案】yard
【解析】根据“庭院拍卖会”及首字母y，可知填yard（院子），yard sale为固定短语。
【答案】memories
【解析】“甜蜜的回忆”，memory为可数名词，many后接复数memories。
【答案】sweet
【解析】“善良的女孩”，sweet除“甜的”外，可表示“温柔的；善良的”，符合语境。
【答案】board
【解析】“棋类游戏”，board game为固定短语，故填board。
【答案】part
【解析】“决定放弃他的旧自行车”，part with（放弃）为固定短语，decide to do sth.接动词原形part。
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
【答案】have had
【解析】“for five years”是现在完成时标志，buy需转换为延续性动词have，主语I对应have had。
【答案】hasn’t ridden
【解析】“for a month”是现在完成时时间状语，主语she对应hasn’t，ride的过去分词为ridden。
【答案】owner
【解析】“商店的主人”，own的名词形式为owner（物主），故填owner。
【答案】Honestly
【解析】“说实话”，修饰整个句子用副词Honestly，注意首字母大写。
【答案】searched
【解析】“寻找了两小时”，根据“didn’t find”可知用一般过去时，search的过去式为searched。
（三）单项选择
【答案】B
【解析】“2015”是时间点，since后接时间点，for后接时间段，故选B。
【答案】C
【解析】“for two weeks”需与延续性动词连用，borrow/lend/buy均为短暂性动词，keep是延续性动词，故选C。
【答案】B
【解析】leave是短暂性动词，与“for ten years”连用需转换为be away from，现在完成时结构为have been away from，故选B。
【答案】B
【解析】“the heavy rain”是名词短语，用because of（介词短语）连接，because后接句子，故选B。
【答案】A
【解析】“清理旧衣服”，clear out（清理）符合语境；part with指“交出（不舍的东西）”，check out指“察看”，give up指“放弃”，故选A。
（四）句型转换
【答案】have had
【解析】buy（短暂性动词）转换为have（延续性动词），现在完成时结构为have had。
【答案】doesn’t; any longer
【解析】no longer = not...any longer（不再），主语she是第三人称单数，助动词用doesn’t。
【答案】What an
【解析】感叹句结构“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数”，honest以元音音素开头，故填What an。
【答案】How long
【解析】对“since 2020”（时间段）提问用How long（多久）。
【答案】but
【解析】两句为转折关系，用but连接，意为“我有一些旧书，但不再用了”。
（五）阅读理解
【答案】B
【解析】根据第一段“They sell old things they no longer need... help people make some money”可知，选B。
【答案】A
【解析】根据第二段“I bought a nice bike... also found a book about history”可知，作者买了自行车和历史书，选A。
【答案】C
【解析】由第二段“The owner said he had had it for five years”可知，选C。
【答案】C
【解析】文章介绍庭院拍卖会的好处，如清理物品、赚钱、回收资源等，主旨是庭院拍卖会的优点，选C。
（六）书面表达（略）
（提示：可参考短语“have been in”描述居住时间，“such as”列举变化，“in my opinion”表达感受，“bring back”回忆过去，“for a while”表示一段时间。）