【高考押题卷】2025年高考英语二轮复习提高卷 名词词义辨析(含答案与解析)

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名称 【高考押题卷】2025年高考英语二轮复习提高卷 名词词义辨析(含答案与解析)
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2025年高考英语二轮复习提高卷 名词词义辨析
一.选择题(共17小题)
1.(2024 天津模拟)He has a strong for wearing running shoes whether it is for daily runs,casual outings or simply relaxing.(  )
A.dislike B.ambition
C.concern D.preference
2.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)Put first and be careful while riding on the road!(  )
A.interest B.money C.knowledge D.safety
3.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)—Do you know where Li Lei is?
—He has been in Shanghai as a to help the medical workers.(  )
A.hero B.pioneer C.volunteer D.actor
4.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)—What's wrong with you?
—I have a .The doctor asked me not to eat anything today because I ate too much yesterday.(  )
A.toothache B.headache
C.sore back D.stomachache
5.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)With the of the Law on Family Education Promotion,people realize that family education is no longer just a family matter but a state affair(事务).(  )
A.collection B.introduction
C.invention D.invitation
6.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)Trust is always an important part of any healthy .(  )
A.situation B.suggestion
C.advantage D.relationship
7.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)Can you tell me the to the bookstore?(  )
A.road B.street C.way D.bus
8.(2024 山东一模)—Did you take your yesterday at home?
—Yes,I did.It was 37℃.(  )
A.appointment B.temperature
C.homework D.application
9.(2024 南开区模拟)Men must consider eating,drinking,clothing and finding shelter before they can pursue entertainment and .(  )
A.potential B.recreation
C.justice D.intervention
10.(2024 罗湖区校级模拟)In order to draw her family tree,Mary tried to trace her back to their arrival in North America.(  )
A.siblings B.commenters
C.ancestors D.instructors
11.(2024 和平区校级二模)Over the years,people have learned from ants that team work and perseverance are two key to success.(  )
A.contents B.ingredients
C.approaches D.instructions
12.(2024 济南二模)Life is a journey with trouble,but with confidence and ______you can work out any problem you meet.(  )
A.wise B.wisdom
C.comfortable D.comfort
13.(2024 河北区模拟)He made a very positive to the success of the project.(  )
A.contribution B.tradition
C.collection D.occasion
14.(2023 河西区模拟) My first of our English teacher was that she was too strict,but now she is a patient and kind﹣hearted lady in my mind.(  )
A. connection B. motivation
C. permission D. impression
15.(2023 滨海新区三模)Through the old soldiers' vivid______of the Long March,the students gained a more profound insight into the incomparable loyalty and firm belief of the Red Army.(  )
A. issue B. account C. opinion D. practice
16.(2023 和平区三模) Due to the______of this medical technology,some diseases can be treated at an early stage.(  )
A. requirement B. mission
C. application D. motivation
17.(2023 红桥区二模)If I buy more than one,will you give me a________ ?(  )
A.discount B.change
C.bargain D.compromise
二.翻译题(共3小题)
18.(2025 金山区一模)越来越多的人在购物时考虑环保因素,包括产品的可持续性。(factor)(汉译英)
   
19.(2024 青浦区一模)这部电影激发了外国观众对中国语言和文化的好奇心。(curiosity) (汉译英)
   
20.(2025 虹口区一模)从旧环境过渡到新环境可能很有挑战性,但耐心会让这个过程变得顺利起来。(transition)(汉译英)
   
2025年高考英语二轮复习提高卷 名词词义辨析
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共17小题)
1.(2024 天津模拟)He has a strong for wearing running shoes whether it is for daily runs,casual outings or simply relaxing.(  )
A.dislike B.ambition
C.concern D.preference
【答案】D
【分析】无论是日常跑步、休闲郊游还是放松,他都非常喜欢穿跑鞋。
【解答】A.dislike不喜欢;B.ambition野心;C.concern关心;D.preference偏好。结合句意,无论是日常跑步、休闲郊游还是放松,他都非常喜欢穿跑鞋。have a preference for"喜欢"。D符合语意。
故选:D。
【点评】考查名词。做题时,分析句子结构,结合句意,选择合适的名词。
2.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)Put first and be careful while riding on the road!(  )
A.interest B.money C.knowledge D.safety
【答案】D
【分析】把安全放在第一位,在路上骑行时要小心!
【解答】A.interest兴趣;B.money钱;C.knowledge知识;D.safety安全。根据句中be careful可知,此处表示骑行时要小心,即把安全放在第一位。
故选:D。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的含义并区别各个名词之间的差异,了解某些名词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
3.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)—Do you know where Li Lei is?
—He has been in Shanghai as a to help the medical workers.(  )
A.hero B.pioneer C.volunteer D.actor
【答案】C
【分析】﹣﹣你知道李磊在哪里吗?
﹣﹣他作为志愿者在上海帮助医疗工作者。
【解答】A.hero 英雄;B.pioneer 先锋,先驱;C.volunteer 志愿者;D.actor 演员。根据后文"help the medical workers(帮助医疗工作者)"可知,李磊是在提供帮助,而不是作为英雄、先锋或演员的身份出现。
故选:C。
【点评】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
4.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)—What's wrong with you?
—I have a .The doctor asked me not to eat anything today because I ate too much yesterday.(  )
A.toothache B.headache
C.sore back D.stomachache
【答案】D
【分析】﹣﹣你怎么了?﹣﹣我胃疼。医生叫我今天什么都不要吃,因为我昨天吃得太多了。
【解答】A.toothache 牙疼;B.headache 头疼;C.sore back 背疼;D.stomachache 肚子疼,胃疼。根据下文"The doctor asked me not to eat anything today because I ate too much yesterday(医生叫我今天什么都不要吃,因为我昨天吃得太多了)"可知医生不让吃东西,可以推断出是因为胃部不适。
故选:D。
【点评】考查名词。做题时,分析句子,结合句意,选择合适的名词填空。
5.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)With the of the Law on Family Education Promotion,people realize that family education is no longer just a family matter but a state affair(事务).(  )
A.collection B.introduction
C.invention D.invitation
【答案】B
【分析】随着《家庭教育促进法》的出台,人们认识到家庭教育不再是家庭事务,而是国家事务。
【解答】A.collection收藏品;B.introduction采用,推行;C.invention发明;D.invitation邀请。由of the Law on Family Education Promotion可知,句子表示"随着《家庭教育促进法》的出台,人们认识到家庭教育不再是家庭事务,而是国家事务",空格处意为"推行"。
故选:B。
【点评】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
6.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)Trust is always an important part of any healthy .(  )
A.situation B.suggestion
C.advantage D.relationship
【答案】D
【分析】信任始终是任何健康关系的重要组成部分。
【解答】A.situation情况;B.suggestion建议;C.advantage有利条件;D.relationship关系。结合句意,信任始终是任何健康关系的重要组成部分。表示"关系",选项D符合语意。
故选:D。
【点评】考查名词。做题时,分析句子,结合句意,用合适的名词填空。
7.(2024 科尔沁区校级模拟)Can you tell me the to the bookstore?(  )
A.road B.street C.way D.bus
【答案】C
【分析】你能告诉我去书店的路吗?
【解答】A.road公路;B.street街道;C.way方法、路径;D.bus公共汽车。road是一个常用词,意为"公路"或"马路",它表示可供任何车辆通行的路,也可以引申为抽象的、形象化的道路。street的意思是"街道",它指城市或乡镇两旁有建筑物、商店等比较宽阔的道路,或指区内可供车马、行人走的平坦的路。way意为"道路",常指"为到达目的地而必须经过的路线",口语中问路时常用way,本句是问路的,所以用the way to表示"去……的路"。
故选:C。
【点评】考查名词。做题时,分析句子,结合句意,用合适的名词填空。
8.(2024 山东一模)—Did you take your yesterday at home?
—Yes,I did.It was 37℃.(  )
A.appointment B.temperature
C.homework D.application
【答案】B
【分析】﹣﹣﹣你昨天在家测体温了吗?﹣﹣﹣是的,我量了。37℃。
【解答】A.appointment 约会;B.temperature体温,温度;C.homework家庭作业;D.application应用。分析句子Yes,I did.It was 37℃.可知,空格处为动词take的宾语,缺少的意思是"体温",应使用名词temperature。
故选:B。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的含义并区别各个名词之间的差异,了解某些名词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
9.(2024 南开区模拟)Men must consider eating,drinking,clothing and finding shelter before they can pursue entertainment and .(  )
A.potential B.recreation
C.justice D.intervention
【答案】B
【分析】人类在追求娱乐和消遣之前,必须先考虑吃、喝、穿和住的地方。
【解答】A.potential潜力;B.recreation消遣;C.justice公平;D.intervention干预。根据句意"人类在追求娱乐和消遣之前,必须先考虑吃、喝、穿和住的地方"可知,空处应填"消遣"。
故选:B。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的含义并区别各个名词之间的差异,了解某些名词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
10.(2024 罗湖区校级模拟)In order to draw her family tree,Mary tried to trace her back to their arrival in North America.(  )
A.siblings B.commenters
C.ancestors D.instructors
【答案】C
【分析】为了画出她的家谱,玛丽试图把她的祖先追溯到他们到达北美的时候。
【解答】A.siblings兄弟姐妹;B.commenters批评家;C.ancestors祖先;D.instructors教练。根据上文"In order to draw her family tree"可知是试图把她的祖先追溯到他们到达北美的时候。
故选:C。
【点评】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
11.(2024 和平区校级二模)Over the years,people have learned from ants that team work and perseverance are two key to success.(  )
A.contents B.ingredients
C.approaches D.instructions
【答案】C
【分析】多年来,人们从蚂蚁身上了解到,团队合作和毅力是获得成功的两个关键途径。
【解答】A.contents内容;B.ingredients组成部分;C.approaches方法,途径;D.instructions指导说明。结合句意,多年来,人们从蚂蚁身上了解到,团队合作和毅力是获得成功的两个关键途径。C选项符合语意。
故选:C。
【点评】考查名词。平时多积累名词的用法,做题时,结合语意和选项,选择合适的名词。
12.(2024 济南二模)Life is a journey with trouble,but with confidence and ______you can work out any problem you meet.(  )
A.wise B.wisdom
C.comfortable D.comfort
【答案】B
【分析】生命就像一场有麻烦的旅行,但是只要用信心和智慧,你就能够解决你所面对的任何问题。
【解答】A.wise聪明的;B.wisdom智慧;C.comfortable舒适的;D.comfort舒适。根据句意"生命就像一场有麻烦的旅行,但是只要用信心和智慧,你就能够解决你所面对的任何问题。"空处意思应该是"智慧",B项正确。
故选:B。
【点评】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
13.(2024 河北区模拟)He made a very positive to the success of the project.(  )
A.contribution B.tradition
C.collection D.occasion
【答案】A
【分析】他为这个项目的成功做出了非常积极的贡献。
【解答】A.contribution贡献;B.tradition传统;C.collection收集;D.occasion机会,场合。根据句意:他为这个项目的成功做出了非常积极的贡献。可知用contribution。
故选:A。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的含义并区别各个名词之间的差异,了解某些名词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
14.(2023 河西区模拟) My first of our English teacher was that she was too strict,but now she is a patient and kind﹣hearted lady in my mind.(  )
A. connection B. motivation
C. permission D. impression
【答案】D
【分析】我对我们英语老师的第一印象是她太严格了,但现在她在我心目中是一位耐心善良的女士。
【解答】句意:我对我们英语老师的第一印象是她太严格了,但现在她在我心目中是一位耐心善良的女士。A.connection联系;B.motivation动机;C.permission允许;D.impression印象。分析句意可知,此处是指对英语老师的第一印象,用impression。
故选:D。
【点评】此题要求考生具备一定的词汇量、扎实的句型和语法知识,能灵活运用所学知识去分析题目。
15.(2023 滨海新区三模)Through the old soldiers' vivid______of the Long March,the students gained a more profound insight into the incomparable loyalty and firm belief of the Red Army.(  )
A. issue B. account C. opinion D. practice
【答案】B
【分析】通过老战士们对长征的生动讲述,学生们更加深刻地体会到红军无与伦比的忠诚和坚定的信念。
【解答】A.issue问题;B.account描述;C.opinion看法;D.practice实践。根据句意"通过老战士们对长征的生动讲述,学生们更加深刻地体会到红军无与伦比的忠诚和坚定的信念。"空处意思应该是"描述",B项正确。
故选:B。
【点评】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
16.(2023 和平区三模) Due to the______of this medical technology,some diseases can be treated at an early stage.(  )
A. requirement B. mission
C. application D. motivation
【答案】C
【分析】由于这种医疗科技的应用,一些疾病可以在早期被治疗。
【解答】A.requirement要求;B.mission任务;C.application应用,申请;D.motivation动机。根据句意和of this medical technology可知这里指"由于这种医疗科技的应用"。
故选:C。
【点评】解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别,再联系句意进行判断,从而选出正确答案。考生做此类题型,要分析句子结构,理解句意,考虑语境,选择恰当词。切忌:粗心大意,惯性判断。要注意细心分析验证,得出答案。
17.(2023 红桥区二模)If I buy more than one,will you give me a________ ?(  )
A.discount B.change
C.bargain D.compromise
【答案】A
【分析】如果我多买一个,你会给我打折吗?
【解答】A.discount打折;B.change零钱;C.bargain便宜货;D.compromise妥协。根据"If I buy more than one,"可知,希望多买一个能给予打折。
故选:A。
【点评】正确辨析几个名词的意思,结合题干关键语句进行判断,选择能使语意通顺的一项。
二.翻译题(共3小题)
18.(2025 金山区一模)越来越多的人在购物时考虑环保因素,包括产品的可持续性。(factor)(汉译英)
 More and more people are considering environmental factors when shopping,including the sustainability of products. 
【答案】More and more people are considering environmental factors when shopping,including the sustainability of products.
【分析】越来越多的人在购物时考虑环保因素,包括产品的可持续性。
【解答】"越来越多的人"表达为more and more people,作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;"考虑"用动词consider,"越来越多的人在购物时考虑环保因素"陈述了现阶段人们购物的倾向,用现在进行时,因表示为are considering;"环保因素"译为名词短语environmental factors,作宾语;"购物时"可以用when引导的时间状语从句,从句主语与主句主语一致,从句可省略为"when shopping,"包括"用介词including,"产品的可持续性"译为the sustainability of products作including宾语。
故填:More and more people are considering environmental factors when shopping,including the sustainability of products.
【点评】汉译英是基础题,需要学生根据句意、词汇和语法知识,来选择合适的单词或者短语,组合成正确的句子。
19.(2024 青浦区一模)这部电影激发了外国观众对中国语言和文化的好奇心。(curiosity) (汉译英)
 This movie has sparked/aroused the curiosity of the foreign audience about the Chinese language and culture. 
【答案】This movie has sparked/aroused the curiosity of the foreign audience about the Chinese language and culture.
【分析】这部电影激发了外国观众对中国语言和文化的好奇心。
【解答】强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响,用现在完成时;"激发……的好奇心"译为spark/arouse the curiosity of,主语this movie是单数,助动词用has;"外国观众"译为the foreign audience;"中国语言和文化"译为the Chinese language and culture,作介词about的宾语。
故填:This movie has sparked/aroused the curiosity of the foreign audience about the Chinese language and culture.
【点评】考查汉译英,注意汉英之间的差异,汉语与英语之间的一些特殊表达,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,然后根据句意进行翻译,使句意更通顺。
20.(2025 虹口区一模)从旧环境过渡到新环境可能很有挑战性,但耐心会让这个过程变得顺利起来。(transition)(汉译英)
 Transitioning from an old environment to a new one can be quite challenging,but patience will make the process go smoothly. 
【答案】Transitioning from an old environment to a new one can be quite challenging,but patience will make the process go smoothly.
【分析】从旧环境过渡到新环境可能很有挑战性,但耐心会让这个过程变得顺利起来。
【解答】表示"从旧环境过渡到新环境可能很有挑战性"用transitioning from an old environment to a new one can be quite challenging,为主系表结构,其中transitioning from an old environment to a new one (从旧环境过渡到新环境) 为动名词短语作主语,challenging为形容词作表语,意为"有挑战的";表示"但耐心会让这个过程变得顺利起来"用but patience will make the process go smoothly,时态用一般将来时表将来情况,其中go smoothly在句中作宾补,意为" 变得顺利起来"。
故翻译为:Transitioning from an old environment to a new one can be quite challenging,but patience will make the process go smoothly.
【点评】汉译英是基础题,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语,按照适当的语序来翻译。
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