(共13张PPT)
Unit 4 Everyday economics
单元重点归纳
2门世2有
3厚(共62张PPT)
Unit 4 Everyday economics
综合微评(四)
(时间：90分钟 分数：120分)
2门世2有
3厚Unit 4 Everyday economics
单元素养目标
[单元目标]
语言能力 语法：能够熟练掌握和灵活运用定语从句，并在写作和口语交际中能够正确分析定语从句在主从复合句中的的功能并能够正确运用； 语篇：能够结合自己对本单元主要内容的把握和生活中获得的启示写一篇关于网上支付的文章
文化意识 通过学习了解网上支付并提高金融防范意识
思维品质 引导关注经济发展，学习基本金融知识，养成勤俭节约的良好习惯
学习能力 能够熟练运用本单元的词汇、句式及语法并能够根据本单元的内容适当调整自己的学习策略
[单元词汇]
教材词汇 记忆有法
forehead 构词记忆：fore adj.在头部的＋head n．头→forehead n．额，前额
blank 联想记忆：裹着“毯子”(blanket)的他“无表情”(blank)→blank adj.无表情的，木然的
dizzy 联想记忆：遭受“贬低”(diss)后，他感到“头晕目眩”(dizzy)→dizzy adj.头晕目眩的
chairwoman 对比记忆：chairman n．主席；会长→chairwoman n．女主席；女会长
sunrise 构词记忆：sun n．太阳＋rise vi.升起→sunrise n．日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
enterprising 构词记忆：enterprise n．企业；事业＋ ing(形容词后缀)→enterprising adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
phase 联想记忆：“短语”(phrase)学到这个“阶段”(phase)已经有一定难度了→phase n．阶段，时期
manufacturer 构词记忆：manufacture vt.制造＋ (e)r(名词后缀)→manufacturer n．制造商；制造公司，制造厂
purchase 联想记忆：“追求”(chase)的东西就要“购买”(purchase)→purchase v．购买
distribution 构词记忆：distribute vt.分发＋ ion(名词后缀)→distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销
consultant 构词记忆：consult v．咨询＋ ant(名词后缀)→consultant n．顾问
conventional 构词记忆：convention n．传统；常规＋ al(形容词后缀)→conventional adj.传统的，常规的
superior 联想记忆：“超级好的”(super)就是“质量上乘的”(superior)→superior adj.质量上乘的，优质的
subjective 构词记忆：subject n．主语＋ ive(形容词后缀)→subjective adj.主观的
rational 构词记忆：ration n．正常量＋ al(形容词后缀)→rational adj.(想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的
exceed 联想记忆：“速度”(speed)已经“超过”(exceed)规定→exceed v．超过，超出
financial 构词记忆：finance n．金融＋ ial(形容词后缀)→financial adj.财政的，金融的；财务的
automatically 构词记忆：automatic adj.自动的＋ ally(副词后缀)→automatically adv.自动地
toddler 构词记忆：toddle v．蹒跚学步；摇摇晃晃地走＋ (e)r(名词后缀)→toddler n．学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
frustration 构词记忆：frustrate v．挫败；使受挫＋ ion(名词后缀)→frustration n．懊丧，懊恼；沮丧
supervision 构词记忆：supervise v．监督；管理＋ ion(名词后缀)→supervision n．监督；管理
abuse 构词记忆：ab (前缀)＋use n．用 处；使用→abuse n．滥用
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
原文 呈现
Business Blossoms
As she spoke, Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were (1)shaking. She couldn't, however, hide the line of sweat (2)running down her (3)forehead, 【1】which was caused (4)partly by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. They stared back, their (5)blank faces giving no (6)clue (7)as to what they would say next. Feeling (8)dizzy, Zhang Yue (9)took a deep breath as she (10)struggled to finish her (11)presentation, “And that is 【2】why I need your help in (12)turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.”
读文 清障
(1)shake v．颤抖；发抖；哆嗦
(2)run down... 沿着……流下来
(3)forehead n．额，前额
(4)partly adv.部分地；在某种程度上
(5)blank adj.无表情的，木然的
(6)clue n．提示；线索
(7)as to 关于；至于
(8)dizzy adj.头晕目眩的
(9)take a deep breath 深呼吸
(10)struggle to do sth. 努力做某事；艰难地做某事
(11)presentation n．介绍会；展示会
(12)turn... into... 把……转变成……
【1】which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰sweat。
【2】why引导的表语从句。
创业之花
发言时，张悦把手藏在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。但她无法掩饰从额头上流下的一行汗水，这些汗水一部分是由电视演播室里有些热造成的，但更多的是由于她害怕坐在她面前的四个人。他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本猜不出他们接下来会说什么。张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸，然后努力完成她的介绍会，“这就是我需要你们的帮助来使我这个全新的、激动人心的创业项目获得成功的原因。
原文 呈现
Now (13)chairwoman of her own company，Zhang Yue (14)is fond of saying, “The early bird catches the worm.”The place 【3】where_this_happens is a valley, (15)a world away from any television studio. Moving carefully through the darkness, she passes (16)row upon row of rose plants. In an hour, these fields will (17)be full of people, working quickly to (18)pick the flowers before (19)sunrise. “It has to be done then，” says Zhang. “These flowers are (20)delicate.”
读文 清障
(13)chairwoman n．女主席；女会长
(14)be fond of... 喜欢……
(15)a world away from... 一个远离……的世界
(16)row upon row 一排排的；鳞次栉比(的)
(17)be full of... 充满……
(18)pick v．采；摘
(19)sunrise n．日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
(20)delicate adj.纤弱的；脆弱的
【3】where引导的定语从句，修饰place。
张悦现在是自己公司的女总裁，她总喜欢说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”她创业的地点在一个山谷里，那是一个远离任何电视演播室的世界。她小心地在黑暗中穿行，经过一排又一排的玫瑰植株。一小时后就会有许多人来到这些田地，趁着日出前的时间快速采摘玫瑰花。“必须在那个时候采摘。”张悦说，“这些花是很纤弱的。
原文 呈现
Zhang never thought that this was something she would (21)end up doing. (22)Surrounded by roses as she was growing up, she (23)paid them little attention. 【4】It was only after (24)graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the (25)potential. “Conditions are ideal here，” she says.“This is a place where roses grow wild.”
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, 【5】 which_surprised_many_people.“I wanted to experience the (26)freedom of being my own boss，” she said. “But I also wanted to (27)give something back to my home town. As people say, ‘It takes a village to (28)raise a child.’”
读文 清障
(21)end up doing sth. 以做某事告终
(22)surround v．围绕；包围
(23)pay... little attention 对……关注很少；很少关注……
(24)graduate from... 从……毕业
(25)potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性
(26)freedom n．自由
(27)give something back to... 回馈……
(28)raise v．养育；抚养；培养
【4】强调句。被强调部分为only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents。
【5】which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面主句的内容。
张悦以前从未想过自己最终会做这一行。她从小到大 生活的地方 到处都是玫瑰，她很少注意到它们。直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。“这里的条件非常理想。”她说，“这里适合玫瑰自然生长。”
因此，张悦决定回到家乡种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。“我想体验自己当老板的自由。”她说，“同时我也想回报我的家乡。正如人们所说，‘养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量。
原文 呈现
She is not the only young person to have (29)been bitten by the start up bug. (30)All over the world, an (31)increasing number of (32)enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing economy creates more opportunities. Like Zhang, they present their ideas (33)in the hope of getting (34)investment and advice, and they have the same passion and (35)devotion. The majority (36)meet with rejection.A few, like Zhang Yue, find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all important (37)input and support from more (38)experienced business people. The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one, with many challenges along the way.
读文 清障
(29)be bitten by... bug 被……迷住
bite v．叮；咬
bug n．突然的兴趣，迷恋
(30)all over the world 在世界各地
(31)increasing adj.不断增加的
(32)enterprising adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
(33)in the hope of... 怀着……的希望
(34)investment n．投资
(35)devotion n．奉献；忠诚
(36)meet with rejection 遭到拒绝
(37)input n．投入(物)
(38)experienced adj.有经验的；熟练的
她并不是唯一一个被创业所吸引的年轻人。在世界各地，经济的不断增长创造了更多的机会，越来越多有创业精神的年轻人开始考虑自己创业。像张悦一样，他们表达自己的想法，希望以此获得投资和建议，而且，他们也拥有同样的热情和奉献 精神 。 他们中的 大多数人会遭到拒绝。像张悦一样的少数人会非常幸运地获得投资，并从更有经验的商界人士那里获得非常关键的投入和支持。不过他们的成功之路仍然漫长而艰难，路上会遇到许多挑战
原文 呈现
As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants. However, like any (39)entrepreneur who was just (40)starting out, she still had a lot to learn. She has (41)overcome (42)a number of (43)obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.“The biggest challenge at the (44)initial (45)phase was to (46)persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience. Few in the village believed I could create a multi million yuan business from flowers，” says Zhang. “After I went on TV, a major Asian (47)manufacturer of (48)cosmetics (49)was willing to (50)purchase my product and help with its (51)distribution. It was only then that the locals began to believe me. Now my product is one of the best in Asia. This year, I can pay all my fellow workers a (52)decent (53)bonus.”
读文 清障
(39)entrepreneur n．创业者；企业家
(40)start out 开始；起步
(41)overcome v．克服
(42)a number of 大量的
(43)obstacle n．障碍，阻碍，妨碍
(44)initial adj.最初的；起初的
(45)phase n．阶段，时期
(46)persuade sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事
(47)manufacturer n．制造商；制造公司，制造厂
(48)cosmetics n．化妆品，美容品
(49)be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
(50)purchase v．购买
(51)distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销
(52)decent adj.相当不错的；像样的；得体的
(53)bonus n．奖金；红利
作为一个在农村长大的人，张悦已经比较了解作物种植。不过，跟所有刚起步的创业者一样，她要学的还有很多。为了取得今天的成就，她精心打理生意，克服了许多阻碍。“在初始阶段，最大的挑战就是说服人们来为我工作，这完全超出了我的经验 范围 。村里几乎没人相信我能从花卉生意中赚到几百万元。”张悦说，“我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。直到那时本地人才开始相信我。现在我提供的是亚洲最好的产品之一。今年，我可以给我的同事们发一笔丰厚的奖金了。
原文 呈现
Seeing her (54)peers who also (55)dream of success and (56)independence, Zhang has (57)mixed feelings.Though she welcomes the new (58)entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be (59)realistic and seek (60)guidance from expert (61)consultants before (62)rushing into things.
“I love running my own business, but it's not for everyone，” says Zhang. “To succeed in business, you need (63)more than a good idea, hard work and determination. What really matters is a sound business plan, (64)access to (65)capital, and good management and (66)negotiating skills. (67)Most of all, don't be too (68)ambitious. You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with. For young people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.”
读文 清障
(54)peer n．同龄人
(55)dream of... 梦想……
(56)independence n．独立；自主
(57)mixed feeling 复杂的感情
(58)entrepreneurial adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
(59)realistic adj.现实的；实事求是的
(60)guidance n．指导，引导
(61)consultant n．顾问
(62)rush into... 匆忙进入……
(63)more than 不仅仅是
(64)access to... ……的获取
(65)capital n．资金；资本
(66)negotiating skill 谈判技巧
(67)most of all 最重要的是
(68)ambitious adj.野心勃勃的
看到同龄人也梦想着成功和独立，张悦的心情很复杂。尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
张悦说：“我热爱经营自己的生意，但不是每个人都适合做这个。为了在事业上取得成功，你需要的不仅仅是好的理念、艰苦的工作和决心。真正重要的是一个合理的商业计划、获得资金的渠道以及良好的管理能力和谈判技巧。最重要的是，不要野心太大。你得知道自己的极限，还有与你共事的人的极限。对于缺乏生活经验的年轻人来说，那可能是一项挑战。
基础 自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Under the guidance(指导) of the expert, they completed the whole project ahead of time.
2．Many peasants sprang into the field to get in crops before sunrise(黎明)．
3．It is universally acknowledged that he has the potential(潜力) to become a champion.
4．She may not have been the cleverest but she is certainly the most enterprising/entrepreneurial(有创业精神的)．
5．The first phase(阶段) of the project was completed two months ahead of time.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Jack was watching a late night film at home when the television went_blank.
2．He was confused as_to how to keep a balanced diet to keep healthy.
3．I felt_dizzy when I looked down from the top of the mountain.
4．As a child, he was_fond_of going to art galleries where he had a better understanding of various art.
5．He ended_up in prison for robbing a passenger of his money.
Ⅲ.教材原句
1．独立主格结构
They stared back, their blank faces giving_no_clue as to what they would say next.他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本猜不出他们接下来会说什么。
2．强调句
It_was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。
语篇 细研
Ⅰ.根据课文选出最佳选项
1．Why did Zhang Yue speak to the four people
A．To seek investment.
B．To ask them for advice.
C．To join their companies.
D．To ask them to join her company.
答案：A
2．What do we know about Zhang Yue from the second paragraph
A．She is warm hearted.
B．She is generous.
C．She is hard working.
D．She is talented.
答案：C
3．How did people feel when Zhang Yue returned to her home town to grow roses
A．They were excited.
B．They were surprised.
C．They were opposed.
D．They were supportive.
答案：B
4．What was the biggest challenge for her at the initial phase
A．How to persuade people to work for her.
B．Where to get the knowledge of planting roses.
C．How to get the money needed for her business.
D．Who to cooperate with.
答案：A
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
In order to get investment, Zhang Yue took part in a program, but she felt nervous when she was speaking to the four people in front of her. She made 1.it. Now she is chairwoman of her own company.
Zhang never thought that she would end up 2.growing(grow) roses, though she grew up in the country and 3.was_surrounded(surround) by roses. It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning 4.to_visit(visit) her parents 5.that Zhang realised what she should do. However, when she returned to her home town and grew roses, many people were 6.surprised(surprise)．Compared with other young people, she was so 7.lucky(luck) that she got the investment and support from more experienced business people. Now, her product is one of the 8.best(good) in Asia.
Successful as she is, she is also concerned with other young people 9.who/that dream of success. She advises that people 10.(should)_be(be) realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
词汇 精讲
1．as to 关于；至于
[教材P50]They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本猜不出他们接下来会说什么。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①As to the recipe, I will take it into careful account.
至于这个烹饪方法，我会仔细考虑的。
②He was very uncertain as to whether it was the right job for him.
他实在拿不准这个工作是不是适合他。
?联想总结
表示“关于；至于”的短语：
in/with regard to
in respect of
with respect to
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)There's no decision as to when the work might start.
(2)As to/for the strengths of a balanced diet, the doctor gave me many examples.
(3)The mind needs exercise as well (good) as the body.
(4)With regard to the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.
2．row upon row一排排的，鳞次栉比(的)
[教材P50]Moving carefully through the darkness, she passes row upon row of rose plants.她小心地在黑暗中穿行，经过一排又一排的玫瑰植株。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①On either side of the road are row upon row of houses.
路的两边是一排排的房子。
②I sat face to face with her.
我和她面对面坐着。
?联想总结
“名词 介词 名词”形式的常见形容词：
back to back 一个接一个的
face to face 面对面的
heart to heart 敞开心扉的
shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩的
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)They would act hand in hand.
(2)The two men stood face to face, saying something in a low voice.
(3)Little by little he caught the scholar's attention.
完成句子
(4)We walked hand_in_hand(手拉手地) in silence along the beautiful path.
(5)Stand_back_to_back(背靠背站着), and I'll see which of you is taller.
(6)Row_upon_row(一排排的) of newly built warehouses line the waterfront.
3．end up... 以……结束；最终会……
[教材P50]Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing.张悦以前从未想过自己最终会做这一行。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①The conference ended up signing no agreement.
大会结束了，没有签署任何协议。
②The party ended up with a beautiful song.
聚会以一首动听的歌曲结束。
③Having agreed upon the matter of payment, he brought the interview to an end.
在付款问题上达成一致之后，他结束了会面。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)The gang of suspects ended up fleeing(flee) away.
(2)He wasted too much money in playing and no wonder he ended up in debt.
(3)He started as an employee and ended up as head of the firm.
完成句子
(4)His experiment ended_up_in_failure(以失败告终) but he didn't lose heart.
(5)At first they disliked each other, but they ended_up_getting_married(最终结了婚) after going through a lot together.
4．start out 开始从事；着手(某工作)；出发，启程；起初想要/打算
[教材P52]However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn.不过，跟所有刚起步的创业者一样，她要学的还有很多。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①She started out on her legal career in 2017.
她于2017年开始从事法律工作。
②To start with, we need better computers—then we need more training.
首先，我们需要更好的电脑；其次，我们需要更多的培训。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)We planned to start out/off_ at dawn, but the sudden rain ruined our plan.
(2)The speaker started with a description of her journey to China.
(3)Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
(4)Starting(start) your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence.
完成句子
(5)To_start/begin_with(起初), we only knew two people in Montreal, but we soon made new friends.
5．distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销；分发，分配；分布
[教材P52]After I went on TV, a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution.我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①Their distribution costs are very low.
他们的经销成本很低。
②The teacher distributed the textbooks to the class.
老师把课本分发给了全班同学。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)We could reduce our costs by developing a more efficient distribution(distribute) network.
(2)Copies of the book were_distributed(distribute) free to each school in the district yesterday.
(3)She distributed the books donated by kind hearted people to/among the children.
(4)The boys complained that the distribution(distribute) of prizes was unfair.
完成句子
(5)The map shows the_distribution_of_this_species(这一物种的分布情况) across the world.
6．guidance n．指导，引导
[教材P52]．.. she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.……但她也建议他们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①I think you should seek guidance from your lawyer on this matter.
我认为这件事你应该咨询一下你的律师。
②Teenagers need adults to guide them.
青少年需要成年人来指导他们。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)Under the guidance(guide) of his father, I think he can settle this matter.
(2)The shop assistant guided me to the shelf where the historical novels were displayed.
(3)Your presence and guidance(guide) are requested.
完成句子
(4)I expect you to seek_guidance_from(向……寻求指导) some of our managers.
(5)The role of the consultant is to provide_guidance_for_students(向学生提供指导)．
(6)Under_his_guidance/Under_the_guidance_of_him(在他的指导下)，we finished the work smoothly.
7．more than 不仅仅是，不只是；超过；多于
[教材P52]To succeed in business, you need more than a good idea, hard work and determination.为了在事业上取得成功，你需要的不仅仅是好的理念、艰苦的工作和决心。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①It is more than an amusing joke. In fact, it is an instructive story.
它不仅仅是一个有趣的笑话。事实上，它是一个有教育意义的故事。
②Judging from her appearance, the chairwoman is more than 60.
从她的外表判断，这位女主席 60 多岁了。
③The store is more than happy to deliver goods to your home.
这家商店很乐意把货物送到你的家里。
“more than one＋可数名词单数”意为“不止一个……”。虽然在语意上表示复数概念，但作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
More than one person has seen it.不止一个人见过它。
巧学活用
完成句子
(1)It took more_than(不仅仅是) building materials to construct these energy saving houses. It took brains, too.
(2)The children are more_than_excited(非常兴奋) to be told the romance.
(3)More_than_one_student(不止一个学生) in our school was admitted to a key university this year.
(4)There is room for no_more_than(仅仅；只是) three cars.
句式 突破
1.They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.[教材P50]
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本猜不出他们接下来会说什么。
句式解构
本句中的“their blank... say next”为独立主格结构。
归纳拓展
1 独立主格结构的构成：名词/代词＋现在分词 短语 /过去分词 短语 /不定式 短语 /形容词 短语 /副词 短语 /介词短语
2 独立主格结构的功能：在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随状况等。
3 独立主格结构的特点：
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。
②当名词/代词与动词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词形式；当名词/代词与动词之间是被动关系时，用过去分词形式；当表示将来的动作时，用不定式形式。
③可置于句首或句末，多用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
佳句背诵
①Weather permitting, we'll go climbing tomorrow.
天气允许的话，我们明天将会去爬山。(名词＋现在分词)
②Roadworks finished, they went home.
完成道路施工后，他们回家了。(名词＋过去分词)
③Lots of work to do, I was in no mood for dancing.
由于有很多工作要做，我没心情跳舞。(名词＋不定式)
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting(permit)．
(2)Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures, some having(have) a lifespan of around 20 years.
(3)The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons finished(finish) for the day.
(4)Much time spent(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
(5)No one to_wake(wake) me up, I might be late for the first class.
2．It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.[教材P51]
直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。
句式解构
本句中的“It was... that...”为强调句，被强调部分为“only after... her parents”。
归纳拓展
强调句常用来强调主语、宾语或状语等。
1 强调句的陈述句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分.
2 强调句的一般疑问句式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
3 强调句的特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词 ＋is/was it＋that＋其他部分？
4 not... until...句型的强调句：It is/was not until... that＋其他部分.
佳句背诵
①It was this thief that robbed me of my wallet.
就是这个小偷抢了我的钱包。(强调主语)
②Was it Tom that decided to pass up the opportunity
是汤姆决定放弃这个机会吗？
③It was not until I told him that he knew about it.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
(1)强调句中的 it 不能用其他词代替。
(2)用 is 还是 was 要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用 is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用 was。
(3)被强调部分指人时，可以用 who 代替 that，其他情况一律用 that。
(4)强调句的判断方法：去掉it is/was 和that/who，适当调整语序，能还原成完整的句子，则为强调句，否则就不是。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)It was when we were returning home that I realised what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
(2)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
(3)It was the old man that/who saved the drowning boy.
完成句子
(4)It_was_not_just_what_he_said_that_hurt_me_so_much(不仅他说的话深深地伤害了我), but what he did also left a bad impression on me.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She stared at me with a blank(无表情的) expression on her face.
2．I'd appreciate your input(投入) on this project.
3．You have got a fever because your forehead(前额) is burning.
4．There will be a big productivity bonus(奖金)．
5．He purchased(购买) a ticket and went up on the top deck.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Scientists are puzzled as to why the whale had swum to the shore.
2．We should struggle to_overcome(overcome) our shortcomings.
3．My grandfather was very fond of handing(hand) out advice to all my friends.
4．To find a cure for AIDS is a challenge to the whole world.
5．They come from totally(total) different cultures.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．正是因为坏天气，足球比赛不得不推迟。
It_was_because_of_the_bad_weather that the football match had to be put off.
2．明天将举行考试，今晚我不能去看电影了。
The exam to_be_held_tomorrow,_I can't go to the cinema tonight.
3．我们的广告活动已经成功地吸引了更多的消费者。
Our advertising campaign has_succeeded_in_attracting more customers.
4．这个国家的经济正面临着另一项巨大的挑战。
The economy of this country is_facing_another_big_challenge.
5．我的小儿子喜欢对大人们玩恶作剧。
My little son is_fond_of_playing_jokes on adults.
课时作业(十) Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Of all the consultants(顾问), only Mr Wang gave us some proposals in point.
2．In addition to his salary, the scholar has a bonus(奖金) of 300 yuan per month.
3．She made several purchases(购买) of cosmetics for her daughter.
4．He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead(前额)．
5．Many household products are potentially(潜在地) harmful, so we should be careful with them.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He offered guidance(guide) to poor people on their legal problems.
2．He took a deep breath, and told the consultant(consult) his unusual ambition.
3．The world distribution(distribute) of wealth and income is highly unequal.
4．Everything taken into account, it is his plan that seems to be more workable.
5．Please print out all tickets purchased(purchase) and present at the front entrance of the aquarium.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．老师把西瓜分成了10份，分给了10个孩子。
The teacher divided the watermelon into 10 parts and distributed_them_to_10_children.
2．他现在在格林教授的指导下学习。
He is now studying under_the_guidance_of Professor Green.
3．建议你去咨询医生。
It is recommended that you_(should)_consult_a_doctor.
4．这名登山者是在当地向导的帮助下获救的。
It_was_with_the_help_of_the_local_guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
5．吸烟确实会导致肺癌，所以你必须戒烟。
Smoking does_contribute_to_lung_cancer,_so you must give up smoking.
Ⅳ.完形填空
An act of kindness doesn't have to be a grand gesture. Even those small acts of kindness can make a difference in someone's day. That was just the case for Amie Mickey when she __1__ a bumper sticker on her car reading：You Matter.
Amie started to do this several years ago. At first, she wondered if people would __2__ it. However, much to her surprise, she began seeing a flood of __3__ every time she hit the road. More often than not, people __4__ slowly near her car would roll down their windows, raising their __5__， waving and smiling. Sometimes, she even found some sticky notes left on her windshield saying things like “You __6__ too！” Once while she was driving down the highway, she became __7__ when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly, waving and mouthing, “You matter！” Though it took her some time to recover from the __8__， she still felt happy. Last year, someone __9__ her car while she was waiting for her friend in the car by the roadside, saying to her, “It is a(n) __10__ sticker. I've seen various stickers before，but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done.” The two small words on the sticker seem simple enough, but they really struck a chord with many complete strangers who __11__ to catch sight of the sticker.
Stories like Amie's really __12__ the rest of us. Sometimes a kind word or gesture may lift our __13__ and it doesn't cost a thing except for a little extra thought. Maybe it means offering a friend a hug, praising the children when their children __14__ well in school, helping someone out or volunteering at animal shelters or shelters for the homeless. Acts of kindness are waiting everywhere. Small as they seem, they can make a __15__ impact on the world, and help form general goodness.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Amie Mickey在汽车保险杠上贴了一张写着“你很重要”的纸条，通过这种小小的善意行为来传播正能量。
1．A.tore up B．picked up
C．fixed up D．put up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。A.tore up撕毁；B.picked up捡起，接收；C.fixed up修理，解决；D.put up张贴，举起。句意：Amie Mickey就是那样子的，她在自己的汽车保险杠上贴了一张贴纸，上面写着：你很重要。根据下文“people __4__ slowly near her car would roll down their windows, raising their __5__， waving and smiling”可知，Amie在她保险杠上贴着一张写着“你很重要”的贴纸。故选D项。
答案：D
2．A.watch B．overlook
C．notice D．ignore
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.watch观看；B.overlook忽视；C.notice 注意；D.ignore忽视，忽略。句意：起初，她想知道人们是否会注意到它。根据下文“she began seeing a flood of __3__ every time she hit the road”可知，她想知道人们是否会注意到它。故选C项。
答案：C
3．A.attention B．strangers
C．confusion D．trouble
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.attention注意；B.strangers陌生人；C.confusion疑惑； D．trouble麻烦。句意：然而，令她很吃惊的是，她开始发现，每次出门，都会引起大量关注。根据上文提到Amie想知道人们是否会注意到它和However可知，前后转折表示她引起了很多人的关注。故选A项。
答案：A
4．A.running B．driving
C．walking D．riding
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.running跑；B.driving行驶；C.walking散步；D.riding骑行。句意：通常情况下，在她的车附近缓慢行驶的人们会摇下车窗，竖起大拇指，挥手微笑。根据下文“near her car would roll down their windows”可知，此处表示缓慢开车的人。故选B项。
答案：B
5．A.voices B．hats
C．shoulders D．thumbs
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.voices声音；B.hats帽子；C.shoulders肩膀；D.thumbs拇指。句意同上题。根据下文“waving and smiling”可知，人们对她的行为表示称赞，所以竖起拇指。故选D项。
答案：D
6．A.count B．share
C．value D．matter
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.count数数；B.share分享；C.value评价；D.matter重要。句意：有时，她甚至发现一些贴纸留在她的挡风玻璃上，上面写着“你也很重要！”。根据设空处后的too可知，此处与上文“You Matter.”相呼应。故选D项。
答案：D
7．A.frightened B．frustrated
C．embarrassed D．disappointed
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.frightened 惊吓的；B.frustrated 懊恼的，沮丧的；C.embarrassed尴尬的，窘迫的；D.disappointed失望的。句意：有一次她在高速公路上开车， 一个开着跑车的男人突然把车开到她旁边，一边挥手一边说：“你很重要！”她吓了一跳。根据下文“when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly”可知，作者应该受到了惊吓。故选A项。
答案：A
8．A.parking B．speed
C．incident D．event
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.parking停车；B.speed速度；C.incident事件；D.event项目。句意：虽然她花了一段时间才从这次事件中恢复过来，但她仍然感到快乐。此处指代上文提到的“一个开着跑车的男人突然把车开到她旁边，一边挥手一边说： ‘你很重要！’因此作者感到惊吓”这件事，表示作者从这次事件中恢复过来。故选C项。
答案：C
9．A.approached B．blocked
C．repaired D．cleaned
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.approached 接近，靠近；B.blocked阻塞；C.repaired修理；D.cleaned清理。句意：去年，当她在路边的车旁等朋友的时候，有人走近了她的车，对她说：“这是一个特殊的贴纸。”空处的动词和同句中的saying构成先后顺序。先走近，然后说。故选A项。
答案：A
10．A.important B．special
C．typical D．skeptical
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.important重要的；B.special特别的；C.typical典型的；D.skeptical怀疑的。句意：这是一个特殊的贴纸。根据下文“I've seen various stickers before, but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done.”可知，这个贴纸很特别，和他见过的其他贴纸不一样。故选B项。
答案：B
11．A.happened B．occurred
C．managed D．offered
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.happened碰巧，发生；B.occurred发生；C.managed管理；D.offered提供，供应。句意：贴纸上的这两个小字看起来很简单，但却引起了许多碰巧看到贴纸的陌生人的共鸣。文中提到的贴纸是Amie贴在保险杠上用来鼓励大家的，很多人都是碰巧看到而受感动的。故选A项。
答案：A
12．A.shock B．inspire
C．delight D．satisfy
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.shock使震惊；B.inspire启发，激发；C.delight使高兴；D.satisfy使满足。句意：像Amie这样的故事真的激励了我们其他人。下文讲到Amie的行为给人们带来了一些思考，即启发了人们。故选B项。
答案：B
13．A.feelings B．thoughts
C．spirits D．minds
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.feelings感觉，情感；B.thoughts思想，想法；C.spirits精神；D.minds思想，主意。句意：有时候，一句友善的话语或一个手势可能会让我们的精神振奋起来，而且它不需要花费任何东西，只需要多考虑一下。根据上文“Stories like Amie's really __12__ the rest of us.”可知，一些小行为会振奋我们的精神。故选C项。
答案：C
14．A.work B．exercise
C．conduct D．behave
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.work工作；B.exercise 锻炼；C.conduct组织，实施；D.behave 表现。句意：也许这意味着给朋友一个拥抱，当孩子在学校表现良好时表扬他们……。根据上文“praising the children”可知，表扬孩子是因为他们在学校的表现不错。故选D项。
答案：D
15．A.reliable B．subjective
C．positive D．brief
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.reliable可靠的；B.subjective主观的；C.positive积极的；D.brief简短的。句意：他们看似渺小，却能对世界产生积极的影响，帮助形成普遍的善良。根据上文“Stories like Amie's really __12__ the rest of us.”和下文“help form general goodness”可知，这些行为的影响是积极的。故选C项。
答案：C
Ⅴ.语法填空
Many of Van Gogh's paintings were inspired by warm, yellow sunlight because he loved how it could light up the world in different ways. His painting Sunflowers, for example, 1.________(fill) with vivid yellows and browns. These colors give 2.________ painting a feeling of warmth and well being. 3.________， the sunflowers are actually dead and dying.
The result is a painting that combines the warmth of life that Van Gogh loved with the feelings of sadness that were all around him. It is a painting that is warm, beautiful and sad, all at the same time.
Van Gogh's most famous painting, The Starry Night, takes this 4.________(mix) of joy and sadness one step further. It is a landscape full of deep blues and shadows 5.________ represent the sadness Van Gogh was feeling as he 6.________(paint), rather than what he was actually seeing.
This is why Van Gogh's 7.________(image) in his painting look more imagined 8.________ real. The stars and moon in The Starry Night are 9.________(unusual) bright, their light swirling(旋动) above the darkening hills. A tree that looks like black fire cuts through the view of the night, 10.________(interrupt) its beauty.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了梵高画作的特点。
1．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：例如，他的画《向日葵》充满了富有生机的黄色和棕色。固定短语be filled with意为“充满”，符合句意。根据句意可知，此处是在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语His painting Sunflowers为单数形式，故填is filled。
答案：is filled
2．解析：考查冠词。句意：这些颜色给这幅画一种温暖和幸福的感觉。根据句意可知，此处特指上文提到的“His painting Sunflowers”，应用定冠词，故填the。
答案：the
3．解析：考查副词。句意：然而，向日葵实际上已经死掉干枯了。根据句意可知，前后为转折关系，空后有逗号与主句隔开，应用副词作状语，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填However。
答案：However
4．解析：考查词性转换。句意：梵高最著名的画作《星月夜》将这种喜怒哀乐更进一步地混合在一起。分析句子可知，此处用名词作动词takes的宾语，故填mixture。
答案：mixture
5．解析：考查定语从句。句意：这是一幅充满深蓝和阴影的风景画，它们代表了梵高绘画时的悲伤，而不是他实际看到的。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为blues and shadows，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
答案：which/that
6．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：这是一幅充满深蓝和阴影的风景画，它们代表了梵高绘画时的悲伤，而不是他实际看到的。根据句意可知，此处表示“绘画时”，用过去进行时，主语为he，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填was painting。
答案：was painting
7．解析：考查名词的数。句意：这就是梵高画中的形象看起来更像是想象而不是真实的的原因。根据句意可知，此处表示不止一个形象，所以用名词的复数形式，故填images。
答案：images
8．解析：考查介词。句意：这就是梵高画中的形象看起来更像是想象而不是真实的的原因。根据句意及more可知，此处为固定结构more... than...，故填than。
答案：than
9．解析：考查词性转换。句意：《星月夜》这幅画中的星星和月亮异常明亮，它们的光芒在昏暗的群山上空盘旋。分析句子可知，此处作状语修饰形容词bright，应用副词，故填unusually。
答案：unusually
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一棵看起来像黑色火焰的树划破了夜景，打断了它的美丽。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，A tree与interrupt之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填interrupting。
答案：interrupting
Section Ⅱ Using language
定语从句
语法 讲习
在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句的引导词包括关系代词that、which、who、whom(宾格)、whose(所有格)、as和关系副词where、when、why。关系代词和关系副词除了起连接作用外，还在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
1．关系代词的用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中 作的成分
that 人或物或人和物 主语、宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人或物 定语
as 整个主句或 主句的一部分 主语、宾语
My sister wants to work in the power plant that/which is still being built.我妹妹想在这家正在修建的发电厂工作。
Anyone who intends to get a driver's license must get an eye test.任何打算取得驾照的人都必须进行视力检查。
The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.奖品将发给其故事最能展示想象力的作者。
2．关系代词that和which的用法区别
(1)在限制性定语从句中，关系代词用that不用which的情况。
①当先行词为all、much、everything、anything、nothing、none、the one等不定代词时。
They want to do everything that they can to help us out of trouble.他们想要尽一切努力帮助我们摆脱困境。
②当先行词被the only、the very、the last、just、all、no、little、few、every、any等词修饰时。
This is the very film that I want to see.这正是我想要看的电影。
③当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first thing that you should do is to listen carefully.你要做的第一件事情是仔细听。
④当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的书。
⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。
The things and people that I met there were strange.我在那里遇到的人和事都很奇怪。
⑥当主句的主语是who或which时。
Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat？那个穿红色外套的女孩子是谁？
⑦当有两个定语从句时，第一个定语从句用which引导时，另一个用that。
The TV set which I bought from the shop that opened last month was broken.我从上个月开业的那家商店购买的电视机坏了。
(2)先行词指物时，关系代词只用which不用that的情况。
①在非限制性定语从句中。
He got the first prize, which made his parents very happy.他获得了一等奖，这使他的父母很高兴。
②关系代词紧跟在介词后面时。
Tomorrow would be Christmas, and she had only $2 with which she could buy Jim a present.明天就是圣诞节了，而她只有两美元给吉姆买一件礼物。
③先行词后面有插入语时。
Here is the book which, as I've told you, is very helpful.这就是那本我告诉你有用的书。
④先行词本身就是that时。
What's that which flashed through the sky？天空中一闪而过的是什么？
当先行词是the way且表方式时，关系词可用that或in which或省略关系词。
What made me angry was not what he said, but the way he said it.使我生气的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。
3．关系副词的用法
关系副词 先行词 在从句中作的成分
here 表示地点的名词 地点状语
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
why reason 原因状语
(1)当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词或reason时，关系词用when、where、why还是which/that要看关系词在句中所作的成分来决定，作状语时要用when、where、why，作宾语、主语时要用that或which。
There comes a time when you have to make a choice.你必须作出抉择的时候到了。
At dusk, they came to a beautiful garden which has a lot of flowers in it.傍晚时他们来到一个花园，里面有很多花。
(2)当先行词是一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation、point、stage、position等时，若关系词在从句中作状语，常用where或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。
Soon they came to a point where the river divided.很快他们就到了河流的分岔处。
The country has reached a stage where they export goods on a large scale.这个国家已达到大规模出口商品的阶段了。
4．“(短语)介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
(1)“(短语)介词＋关系代词”也可引导定语从句，在句中作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when、where和why。
I still remember the day on which(＝when) I first came to school.我仍然记得初入校园的那一天。
They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.他们来到一个农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。
(2)“不定代词/数词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导定语从句且在从句中作主语时，说明整体中的一部分的情况。当先行词指人时，关系词用whom；当先行词指物时，关系词用which。
There are a lot of islands in China, one of which is Taiwan.中国有许多岛屿，其中之一是台湾岛。
There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film.这里有许多学生，他们之中无人喜欢这部电影。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.
2．So long as you stick to it, the moment will definitely come when you can have your dream come true.
3．The reason for which he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him.
4．They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.
5．This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
This is the most interesting film (that)_I_have_ever_seen.
2．他们将永远不会忘记在漫长的旅途中看到的和听说过的人和事。
They will never forget the things and persons (that)_they_have_
seen_or_heard during their long journey.
3．凤凰古城是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，它位于湖南省西部边界地区。
The Ancient Town of Fenghuang is a popular tourist attraction in China, which_is_located in the western border area of Hunan Province.
4．你知道他没来参加会议的原因吗？
Do you know the reason why/for_which_he_didn't_attend_ the
_meeting
5．他花了两万多美元买这辆二手车，这令他父亲很生气。
He bought the second hand car for more than $20,000, with_which his father was angry.
课时作业(十一) Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The estate(庄园) where he spent his summer holiday dates back to 16th century.
2．This model is technically superior(质量上乘的) to others.
3．She looked at him in mild(轻微的) surprise.
4．Anxiety can interfere(干涉) with students' performance at school.
5．The small company is in financial(财务的) difficulties.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We are living in an age when many things are done on computers.
2．He was very angry and I can still remember the way that/in_which he spoke to me.
3．Trish Keenan, for whom life was a discovery, was a great British singer.
4．Luckily, we'd brought a road map, without which we would have lost our way.
5．He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Turning soil pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands on experiments such as soil testing, flower and seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，”Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艾比·哈拉米洛等老师发起的Urban Sprouts项目。
1．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A．She used to be a health worker.
B．She grew up in a low income family.
C．She owns a fast food restaurant.
D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools.”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D项。
答案：D
2．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A．The kids' parents distrusted her.
B．Students had little time for her classes.
C．Some kids disliked garden work.
D．There was no space for school gardens.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.’ Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C项。
答案：C
3．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A．Far reaching. B．Predictable.
C．Short lived. D．Unidentifiable.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了营养，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用。由此推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
答案：A
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Rescuing School Gardens
B．Experiencing Country Life
C．Growing Vegetable Lovers
D．Changing Local Landscape
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其第一段中的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.”可知，文章主要讲述了艾比·哈拉米洛等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生的科学能力、环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts项目，让学生体验乡村生活。由此推知，B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B项。
答案：B
Ⅳ.七选五
The Adoption Option
There are many wonderful pets looking for new homes. __1__. The following is some advice about introducing a rescue dog into your life.
·Choose wisely
No matter how cute a dog is, it's important not to let the heart rule the head when choosing a rescue dog. People naturally love puppies, but mature dogs are a great choice for many people. __2__. The dog's personality and size are usually apparent, so there should be no surprises.
·__3__
That a dog is available for adoption doesn't mean they are automatically a problem dog. __4__.However, some may exhibit uncontrollable behavior due to a lack of training. It's important not to confuse a lack of training with more serious behavioral issues. Good shelters and rescue groups will have every dog assessed by a qualified behavioral trainer to identify potential problem behaviors.
· Coming home
Arriving in a new home can be stressful for an adult dog. For many dogs you will have to take a trial and error approach to understanding what they like, what makes them feel secure and what they fear. You had better gradually expose your rescue dog to a range of different experiences and other dogs to judge and manage their behavior appropriately. __5__. In this way, they will have company and can be supervised(监督) in the early stages.
A．What to expect
B．What you see is what you get
C．Common problems and special behaviors
D．Adoption provides a pet with that second chance
E．Many rescue dogs are well trained and well behaved
F．Most of these issues can be overcome with good training
G．Therefore, it's wise to get time off work when the dog arrives
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了收养救援犬的一些建议。
1．解析：根据上文“There are many wonderful pets looking for new homes.”和下文“The following is... into your life.”可知，设空处应描述收养宠物对宠物的意义，与接下来谈到的收养建议构成逻辑上的连贯。D项“收养宠物给了宠物第二次机会”符合文意。故选D项。
答案：D
2．解析：根据上文“People naturally... many people.”和下文“The dog's... no surprises.”可知，狗的外在通常一览无余，不会有所隐藏。B项“你看到的就是你会得到的”符合文意。故选B项。
答案：B
3．解析：本句位于段首，根据上文Choose wisely和下文Coming home可知，此处用祈使句。结合下文“That a dog... a problem dog.”可知，打算收养救援犬的时候，要知道自己可以期待什么。A项“期待什么”符合文意。故选A项。
答案：A
4．解析：根据下文“However, some may exhibit uncontrollable behavior due to a lack of training.”可知，设空处表示的内容和下文是相反的含义，即多数的狗都是经过训练的，也守规矩。E项“许多救援犬训练有素，举止得体”符合文意。故选E项。
答案：E
5．解析：根据上文“You had better gradually expose... appropriately.”和下文“In this way... early stages.”可知，设空处讲述的是收养了救援犬后，要让它和其他的犬共同适应，这样对接下来的相处会有好处。G项“因此，明智的做法是在救援犬到了新环境后留出时间让它适应”符合文意。故选G项。
答案：G
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚笔友Tom对中国美食很感兴趣，打算在间隔年(gap year)期间学做中国美食，他写信向你征询建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1．推荐美食；
2．说明理由；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Tom，
I'm pleased to know you intend to learn to cook Chinese cuisine during your gap year. I think fried rice is your best choice.
Fried rice is eaten as a main dish. It is flavorful and is easy to learn. Fried rice is made from rice with many other ingredients that you can choose to suit your preferences, such as pork, beef, chicken, egg, or vegetables. It is a fast meal because it not only cooks quickly, but also requires a minimal amount of preparation.
I hope my recommendation will be helpful. May you have a good time learning it.
Yours，
Li Hua
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
原文 呈现
What's mine is yours.
We've been told since we were (1)toddlers that “It's good to share”. Parents and teachers (2)keep reminding us to share toys, snacks, books, happy memories, and sometimes even (3)sorrows with others. When we grow up, we share photos, life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don't know (4)via social media. Taking it as an (5)object of study, (6)psychologists have published various papers (7)stating that the behaviour of sharing (8)is beneficial to setting up positive (9)emotional bonding.
读文 清障
(1)toddler n．学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
(2)keep doing sth. 一直做某事
(3)sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸
(4)via prep.通过；借助于
(5)object n．对象；目标
(6)psychologist n．心理学家
(7)state v．陈述；声明
(8)be beneficial to... 对……有益
(9)emotional bonding 情感纽带
我的就是你的。
我们还在蹒跚学步的时候就被教导“要懂得分享”。父母和老师一直提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有时甚至要分享自己的伤心事。当我们长大时，会与周围的人或者是社交媒体上不认识的人分享照片、人生经历和观点。心理学家们将分享作为研究的对象，发表了各种各样的论文来说明分享行为有助于建立积极的情感纽带
原文 呈现
Today, the action of sharing (10)takes on extra meaning. It's not just about sharing sweets or (11)frustration; it has (12)expanded to almost every (13)aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing. We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services, or to (14)make money out of those that we don't use ourselves all of the time. These vary from car shares to home shares, and even to pet shares. The sharing economy is (15)taking off in all sorts of areas. It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.
读文 清障
(10)take on 具有；呈现
(11)frustration n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
(12)expand v．扩展；发展
(13)aspect n．方面
(14)make money out of... 利用……赚钱
(15)take off (事业、经济等)突然成功
如今，分享行为又具有了额外的含义。不仅仅是分享快乐或懊丧，分享行为几乎已经扩展到我们生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一直闲置的物品赚钱：从汽车共享到住房共享，甚至是宠物共享。共享经济正在各个领域迅速发展。它正在创造新的思维方式，并且随时随地为有需求的人提供服务。
原文 呈现
This wealth of ways of sharing is (16)a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at (17)competitive prices, all delivered at the click of a button. 【1】Whether it's an online shop where we can (18)hire designer clothes (19)at rock bottom prices, or a platform from which we can (20)rent out our flats for (21)a couple of days, it's out there. Whether we're a lender or borrower, it's (22)a win win situation; everyone makes or saves money. We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends. What's more, sharing (23)encourages us to reuse (24)items, (25)thereby (26)cutting down on waste. And set ups such as bike and car sharing do a further (27) favour for the environment by reducing (28)the number of polluting (29)vehicles on the road.
读文 清障
(16)a response to... 对……的回应
(17)competitive adj.有竞争力的
(18)hire v．(短期的)租用，租借
(19)at rock bottom price 以最低的价格
(20)rent out 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
(21)a couple of days几天
(22)a win win situation 一个双赢的局面
(23)encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
(24)item n．(一件)商品；物品
(25)thereby adv.因此，由此
(26)cut down 减少；削减
(27)favour n．帮助；好事；赞同；支持
(28)the number of... ……的数量
(29)vehicle n．车辆；交通工具；手段
【1】Whether... or...引导的让步状语从句，其中where 引导定语从句，修饰online shop。
我们需要价格有竞争力的优质产品和服务，大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应，现在这些需求都可以通过一键单击来实现。无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台都已出现。无论我们是出租者还是租用者这都是一个双赢的局面；人人都能挣钱，或都能省钱。我们也可以建立联系，有时候甚至可以交到新朋友。此外，共享鼓励我们将物品再次利用，从而减少了浪费。共享单车、共享汽车等设施会通过减少在路上的排放污染物的车辆的数量进一步保护环境。
原文 呈现
But the sharing economy is not without its problems. (30)As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity, the sharing economy is developing faster than existing (31)regulations or ongoing (32)supervision. Some companies are (33)taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market, often (34)at the expense of more traditional and established companies. (35)In addition, the sharing economy (36)is subject to (37)abuse of trust. Some people have experienced damage to their (38)properties (39)whilst renting out their homes, and others have found themselves (40)victims of (41)theft or attack while sharing rides. Finally, personal data, the heart of the sharing economy, is not yet (42)secure.Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives, including our names, locations, bank information, and (43)individual preferences for goods and services. Yet, the technology to (44)prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement, and (45)the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users.
读文 清障
(30)as is often the case 情况常常如此；这是常有的事
(31)regulation n．法规；章程；条例
(32)supervision n．监督；管理
(33)take advantage of... 利用……
(34)at the expense of... 以损害……为代价
(35)in addition 此外；另外
(36)be subject to... 受……影响/支配；服从于……
(37)abuse n．滥用
(38)property n．所有物；财产
(39)whilst conj.当……的时候；虽然
(40)victim n．受害人；牺牲品
(41)theft n．偷窃，偷盗
(42)secure adj.安全的；可靠的
(43)individual preference 个人偏好
(44)prevent... from doing sth. 防止……做某事
(45)the awareness of... ……的意识
但共享经济并非没有它的问题。世界上新出现的经济领域通常都是如此，共享经济的发展速度过快，而现有法规和持续监管还未跟上。一些公司正在利用这种不公平的情况来扩大他们的市场份额，其代价往往是牺牲更为传统和成熟的公司。此外，共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。有些人出租房屋时他们的所有物遭到破坏，还有人搭顺风车时成为盗窃甚至袭击的受害者。最后，个人数据，即共享经济的核心，也并不安全。共享平台收集的个人信息涵盖我们生活的方方面面，包括姓名、位置、银行信息以及对商品和服务的个人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盗的技术仍然有待改进，服务方和用户对潜在风险的防范意识也较低。
原文 呈现
(46)Nonetheless, 【2】what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy (47)is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy. It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will (48)comprise in the future. What will we be sharing next Who will be sharing and how And the most interesting question of all—what type of society will all this sharing take us to？,
读文 清障
(46)nonetheless adv.尽管如此
(47)be relevant to... 与……相关
(48)comprise v．包括；包含
【2】本句是复合句。what 引导主语从句且what在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句。
尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。它以如此飞快的速度扩张，以至于我们只能想象它将来会是什么样子。我们下一个共享的对象是什么？将由谁来共享以及如何共享？最有趣的问题是——这些共享将会带我们进入什么样的社会？
基础 自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The chemical factories require close supervision(监管) from the government at all times.
2．No one can deny the fact that life is filled with happiness and sorrow(悲伤)．
3．Hearing the result of the job interview, he was thrown into a world of frustration(沮丧)．
4．The shopkeeper hired(租用) a car to go home.
5．I have never been to that city, thereby(因此) I don't know much about it.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．We should feel sympathy for the disabled rather_than make fun of them.
2．Due to the joint efforts, the old village takes/took_on a new look.
3．He often makes up an excuse every time he is late for school, as_is_often_the_case.
4．I am writing an e mail in_response_to your advertisement for a temporary position as a waiter.
5．He took_advantage_of the good chance and went abroad for further study.
Ⅲ.教材原句
“what... is that...”句型
Nonetheless，what_is_in_no_doubt_is_that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。
语篇 细研
根据课文选出最佳选项
1．The author lists the sharing behaviors that we grow up with in Paragraph 1 in order to ________.
A．tell us the history of sharing
B．remind us of the importance of sharing
C．lead to the topic of the sharing economy
D．tell us sharing is common
答案：C
2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us
A．What the sharing economy is.
B．The development of the sharing economy.
C．The advantages of the sharing economy.
D．The drawbacks of the sharing economy.
答案：A
3．According to Paragraph 3, we can infer ________.
A．the sharing economy prevents us from communicating face to face
B．the sharing economy is environmentally friendly in some way
C．the sharing economy is increasing waste
D．the sharing economy has many disadvantages
答案：B
4．Which is the following is NOT the drawback of the sharing economy
A．Existing regulations or ongoing supervision can't keep pace with the development of the sharing economy.
B．It is subject to abuse of trust.
C．Personal data is not yet secure.
D．We can hire designer clothes at rock bottom prices.
答案：D
词汇 精讲
1．remind vt.提醒；使想起
[教材P58]Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys, snacks, books, happy memories, and sometimes even sorrows with others.父母和老师一直提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有时甚至要分享自己的伤心事。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.
这部影片使他回想起他在中国看到的一切。
②She reminded me that I hadn't returned the books to the library.
她提醒我还没有去图书馆还书。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)Please remind me of/about it again tomorrow in case I forget.
(2)The teacher reminded us to_bring(bring) our notebooks the next day.
(3)The letter was an uncomfortable reminder(remind) of his debts.
完成句子
(4)The picture hanging on the wall reminded/reminds_me_of/about_what_happened_on_September_11th(让我想起了9月11日发生的事情)．
2．take off (事业、经济等)突然成功；脱下(衣服)；(飞机)起飞；休假
[教材P59]The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas.共享经济正在各个领域迅速发展。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①Her acting career took off after her TV appearance.
她在电视上亮相后，演艺事业迅速发展。
②I won't take up any more of your time.
我不再占用你的时间了。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)We had better take off our coats. It's hot in the room.
(2)Because of the heavy fog, the plane couldn't take off on time.
(3)It is reported that he will take over the company next year.
(4)Don't be taken in by his words—he is a cheat.
(5)The chairwoman will take up her duties in August.
3．response n．回应；反应；响应；回答，答复
[教材P59]This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand...……大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应……
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①The product was developed in response to customer demand.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
②Carl made no response and carried on with his work.
卡尔没有回答，继续他的工作。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)Responses to our advertisement have been disappointing.
(2)Knowing basic first aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
完成句子
(3)These comments came in_response_to(作为对……的回应) specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
(4)He made_no_response_to/didn't_respond_to(对……没有回复) my letter.
4．favour n．帮助；好事；赞同；支持
[教材P59]And set ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.共享单车、共享汽车等设施会通过减少在路上的排放污染物的车辆的数量进一步保护环境。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①Could you do me a favour and tell Kelly I can't make it
你能帮我个忙告诉凯莉我来不了吗？
②I'm in favour of providing the homeless with food and drinking water.
我支持向无家可归者提供食物和饮用水。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)Could you do me a favour and buy me a single ticket to Beijing
(2)Are you in favour of his opinion that the position of drivers will disappear
完成句子
(3) Could you do_me_a_favour(帮我一个忙) and pick up Sam from school today
(4)—Hey, can I ask_you_a_favour/ask_a_favour_of_you(请你帮个忙)
—Sure. What can I do for you
5．expense n．代价；费用，花费；开销
[教材P60]．.. often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.……其代价往往是牺牲更为传统和成熟的公司。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①We are bound to cut down on our expenses.
我们必须削减开支。
②They purchased life at the expense of honour.
他们以牺牲名誉为代价换得了生命。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)One thousand dollars a month would help cover my living expenses(expense)．
(2)The university estimates that living expenses for international students are around $8,450 a year, which is a burden for some of them.(be)
(3)If it should break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
完成句子
(4)He built up the business at_the_expense_of_his_health(以自己的健康为代价)．
句式 突破
Nonetheless, what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.[教材P60]
尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。
句式解构
本句中的“what is in no doubt is that... economy”是“what... is that...”句型，其中what引导主语从句，that 引导表语从句。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①What I want to stress is that you should keep in mind all the key words.
我想强调的是你们应该记住所有的重点单词。
②What surprises me most is that he speaks English so well.
最令我惊讶的是他的英语说得很棒。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)What surprises us is that she doesn't know where the difference between the two lines.
(2)What pleased me most is that I got the first prize.
完成句子
(3)What is known to us is that_respecting_others_is_respecting_ourselves(尊重别人就是尊重我们自己)．
(4)What_disappointed_me_most_is(最令我失望的是) that she didn't listen to me at all.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What she did was an abuse(滥用) of the trust.
2．The joys and sorrows(令人悲伤的事) of childhood are precious.
3．This is the response(回应) to our appeal for support.
4．He's bought a big TV at vast expense(花费) so that everyone can see it properly.
5．The news programme came to us via(通过) satellite.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is becoming increasingly(increase) clear that this problem will not be easily solved.
2．It can be beneficial(benefit) to share your feelings with someone you trust.
3．This service will be subject to your request.
4．They rented out these rooms to students.
5．Remind me to_phone(phone) Alan before I go out.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．听你老师的建议会有好处。
It_will_be_beneficial to follow your teacher's advice.
2．他的忠告使我免于犯严重的错误。
His advice prevented_me_from_making_a_serious_mistake.
3．这事对我们有弊还是有利，还有待观望。
Whether_it_will_do_us_harm_or_good remai
