Unit 6 Space and beyond
单元素养目标
[单元目标]
语言能力 语法：能够熟练掌握和灵活运用情态动词，并在写作和口语交际中能够正确分析情态动词的功能和作用并能够正确运用； 语篇：能够结合自己对本单元主要内容的把握和生活中获得的启示写一篇关于热爱科学的文章
文化意识 通过学习，激发想象力，引导关注太空探索，培养爱科学、学科学、用科学的意识
思维品质 引导学习先进的科学技术和成果，运用科学的思维方式认识事情、解决问题
学习能力 能够熟练运用本单元的词汇、句式及语法并能够根据本单元的内容适当调整自己的学习策略
[单元词汇]
教材词汇 记忆有法
notion 联想记忆：“注意”(attention)这一“概念”(notion)的内涵和外延→notion n．概念；观点；看法
hazardous 构词记忆：hazard n．危险；风险＋ ous(形容词后缀)→hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的
unexceptional 构词记忆： un (前缀)＋exceptional adj.异常的；例外的→unexceptional adj.平常的
excursion 构词记忆：excurse v．远足；短途旅行＋ ion(名词后缀)→excursion n．(有特定目的的)短途出行
tragically 构词记忆：tragic adj.悲惨的；不幸的＋ ally(副词后缀)→tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地
instantaneously 构词记忆：instantaneous adj.瞬间的；即时的＋ ly(副词后缀)→instantaneously adv.瞬间地
shadow 形近记忆：shade n．阴凉处→shadow n．坏影响，阴影
scream 联想记忆：孩子们看到“冰淇淋”(ice cream)，都兴奋得“尖叫”(scream)起来→scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
stimulated 构词记忆：stimulate v．模仿＋ (e)d(形容词后缀)→stimulated adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的
续表
教材词汇 记忆有法
simulator 构词记忆：simulate v．模仿＋ or(名词后缀)→simulator n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器
lifelike 构词记忆：life n．生命＋ like(形容词后缀)→lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的
submit 联想记忆：我“承认”(admit)那份报告是我“提交”(submit)的→submit v．提交
telescope 构词记忆：tele (前缀)＋scope n．范围→telescope n．望远镜
conceivably 构词记忆：conceivable adj.可想象的；可信的＋ ly(副词后缀)→conceivably adv.可以相信地；可想象地
invisible 构词记忆：in (前缀)＋visible adj.看得见的→invisible adj.看不见的
straightforward 构词记忆：straight adj.直的＋forward adv.向前→straightforward adj.简单的
self discipline 构词记忆：self (前缀)＋discipline n．纪律→self discipline n．自我约束，自律
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
原文 呈现
The Call of the Challenger
(1)Ever since Neil Armstrong first (2)set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have (3)become accustomed to the (4)notion of space travel. 【1】Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, (5)their hearts in their mouths, aware of how (6)arduous and (7)hazardous an (8)undertaking it was, and of the many things that could (9)go wrong.With Armstrong's now famous words “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”， what had once been considered impossible had now been achieved. 【2】Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission (10)made it safely back to Earth.
读文 清障
(1)ever since... 自从……以来
(2)set foot on... 踏上……
(3)become accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
(4)notion n．概念；观点；看法
(5)one's heart in one's mouth 某人提心吊胆；某人心提到了嗓子眼
(6)arduous adj.艰巨的；费力的；努力的
(7)hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的
(8)undertaking n．(重大或艰巨的)任务，事业
(9)go wrong 出问题；出故障
(10)make it 成功
【1】their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构；aware of... wrong为形容词短语作状语；how arduous... was为how引导的宾语从句，作aware of的宾语。
【2】过去分词短语作状语。
“挑战者”号的召唤
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，他们的心都跳到了嗓子眼儿，大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。伴随着阿姆斯特朗说出那句名言“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不可能的事情如今已经实现了。执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都成功安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大
原文 呈现
Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became (11)unexceptional to the public, as innovations (12)succeeded each other. By the early 1980s, the great rockets (13)previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by (14)the space shuttle. When the Challenger space shuttle (15)took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. But this was going to be no ordinary (16)excursion, and (17)millions of people (18)tuned in to witness the take off on TV. It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, (19)was about to become the first (20)civilian in space. She planned to give two 15 minute lessons from orbit: the first to (21)demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme. Christa hoped to communicate (22)a sense of excitement and (23)rekindle interest in the space programme. 【3】With_the_eyes_of_students_across_the_nation_
upon_her,_she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
读文 清障
(11)unexceptional adj.平常的
(12)succeed v．接替；继任
(13)previously adv.先前地；以前地
(14)the space shuttle 航天飞机
(15)take off 起飞
(16)excursion n．(有特定目的的)短途出行
(17)millions of 数百万的
(18)tune in 收看；收听
(19)be about to do sth. 即将做某事
(20)civilian n．平民；百姓
(21)demonstrate v．演示；示范
(22)a sense of excitement 兴奋感
(23)rekindle v．重新激起，重新唤起
【3】with复合结构：with＋宾语＋宾补(介词短语)。
登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。20世纪80年代早期，美国太空计划中先前使用过的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。然而这将不是一次普通的航行，数百万人收看并见证这次发射。这次航行的特殊之处在于：一位37岁名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位到访太空的普通公民。她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。克丽斯塔希望借此传达她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家的理想。
原文 呈现
(24)Tragically, she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida, and all seven astronauts (25)on board were killed. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. How wrong they had been! (26)Instantaneously, excitement and optimism (27)turned into terror and failure. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it (28)cast a shadow on people's hearts.
读文 清障
(24)tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地
(25)on board 在飞机(船、火车等)上
(26)instantaneously adv.瞬间地
(27)turn into... 转变为……
(28)cast a shadow on... 给……蒙上阴影
令人悲痛的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂，因为航天飞机在佛罗里达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部牺牲。全世界都震惊了，大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险。但是所有人都大错特错了！激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败。这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。
原文 呈现
“I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take off on TV at school，”said one student. “There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited. We didn't (29)have much patience waiting for the launch. We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they (30)stepped into the shuttle. Then, little more than a minute after take off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, followed by a cloud of white smoke. The Challenger had exploded in mid air and we all started (31)screaming.”
读文 清障
(29)have patience doing sth. 有耐心做某事
(30)step into... 步入……
(31)scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
一个学生回忆道：“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视观看发射场景。有位普通教师在‘挑战者’号上，我们都非常激动，迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，步入航天飞机。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇怪的红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。‘挑战者’号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。”
原文 呈现
Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were (32)suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle's (33)components were (34)redesigned. But there was never any doubt 【4】 that_manned_flights_would_continue,_and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme (35)resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
读文 清障
(32)suspend v．暂停，中止
(33)component n．部件；组成部分
(34)redesign v．重新设计；重新规划
(35)resume v．重新开始；继续
【4】that 引导的同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
“挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时事故原因也被进行调查，飞行器的部分零件，被重新设计。但是毫无疑问，载人飞行将继续下去，1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。
原文 呈现
It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its (36)crew were (37)cut tragically short, they (38)take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration, such as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei. The memory of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery. 【5】The sacrifice of the Challenger (39)calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to (40)reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
读文 清障
(36)crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员
(37)cut short 缩短；打断
(38)take one's place 得到应有的社会地位
(39)call to sb. 号召某人
(40)reach for the stars 有九天揽月之志；努力完成壮举
【5】that引导的宾语从句，作remind 的直接宾语；no matter how引导让步状语从句。
“挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道，都在历史上占有一席之地。他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要继续保持摘星之志。
基础 自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As a freshman, you must accustom(使适应) yourself to the new school life.
2．I have to say no to the notion(看法) that greed can be a good thing.
3．That project was suspended(中止) for financial crisis and turned out to be a failure.
4．Tragically(不幸的是), he was seriously injured in the accident last week.
5．After retirement the man lived an unexceptional(寻常的) life as most people.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．It is believed that workers of manufacturing industry will ultimately be_replaced_by robots.
2．The accident cast_a_shadow_on the process of this project launched last Sunday.
3．It was not until last century that human set_foot_on this mysterious area.
4．You'd better become_accustomed_to the new life if you want to get promoted.
5．At the sight of her mother, the baby reached_for her with her eyes filled with joy.
Ⅲ.教材原句
“There is never any doubt that...”句型But there_was_never_any_doubt that manned flights would continue...但是毫无疑问，载人飞行将继续下去……
语篇 细研
Ⅰ.根据课文选出最佳选项
1．How did people feel when they were watching Neil Armstrong's landing on the Moon
A．They were satisfied.
B．They were nervous.
C．They were thrilled.
D．They were disappointed.
答案：B
2．What was special about the Challenger
A．It attracted millions of people.
B．The rockets were replaced by the space shuttle.
C．Christa was about to become the first civilian in space.
D．People seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts.
答案：C
3．What did many people think of the space flight
A．It was of great fun.
B．It was very dangerous.
C．It was as safe as taking a plane.
D．It needed great courage and bravery.
答案：C
4．By saying “We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch”， the student meant ________.
A．they were afraid something would happen
B．they were eager to watch the take off
C．they were patient when watching the take off
D．they didn't expect the shuttle would explode
答案：B
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
On 20 July 1969, as Neil Armstrong set foot 1.on the Moon, millions watched with their hearts in their 2.mouths(mouth). In spite of the difficult technical conditions, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission 3.returned(return) to Earth safe and sound. 4.Following(follow) the Moon landings, people became 5.accustomed (accustom) to the notion of space travel. The world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. Christa McAuliffe, an ordinary teacher, was about to become the first civilian in space. 6.Unluckily(unlucky), a minute after the shuttle took 7.off,_it exploded, killing all seven astronauts on board. The tragedy cast a shadow on people's hearts.
Space shuttle flights 8.were_suspended(suspend) for nearly three years following the disaster. Meanwhile, scientists made some 9.improvements(improve), and on 29 September 1988, Discovery was launched successfully.
Over 30 years have passed since the loss of Challenger, and the heroic deeds of the astronauts inspire us to go on with the 10.greatest(great) journey of exploration and discovery.
词汇 精讲
1．accustomed adj.习惯的；惯常的
[教材P82]Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①My sister becomes accustomed to travelling everywhere in style.
我妹妹习惯于气派十足地到处旅行。
②It took him a while to accustom himself to the idea.
他过了一段时间才适应这个想法。
?联想总结
含介词to 的短语：
stick to 坚持 lead to 通向；导致
object to 反对 pay attention to 注意
belong to 属于 come to 谈到；达到
refer to 涉及；提到 contribute to 有助于
look forward to 期待，盼望
get down to 认真对待
prefer... to... 喜欢……胜过……
devote... to... 把……用于……
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)It'll take time for me to accustom myself to the changes.
(2)She is a person accustomed(accustom) to having eight hours' sleep a night.
完成句子
(3)Teenagers should be banned from smoking, because once their bodies become/are/get_accustomed_to(习惯于) nicotine, they will be addicted to it.
(4)The foreigner wasn't_accustomed/used_to(不习惯于) the life there and eventually left.
2. cast v．投射(光、影子等)；使人怀疑；造谣中伤
[教材P83] It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①He didn't want to cast a shadow on their happiness.
他不想给他们的幸福蒙上阴影。
②Does this information cast light on the problem
这一信息会澄清这个问题吗？
③The incident cast doubt on her motives and reliability.
这件事使人怀疑她的动机和可靠性。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)The sun shone through the leaves, casting shadows on the lawn.
单句写作
(2)她丈夫的死给她的生活蒙上了阴影。
The death of her husband has cast_a_shadow_on_her_life.
3．scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫；高声喊，大声叫 n．尖叫声
[教材P84]The Challenger had exploded in mid air and we all started screaming.“挑战者”号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①He screamed out her name.
他高声叫喊她的名字。
②Hilda let out a scream.
希尔达发出了一声尖叫。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)Through the smoke, the rescuers could hear people screaming(scream) for help.
(2)She screamed out,_“Don't touch me！”
4．call to 号召；向……喊叫
[教材P84]The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要继续保持摘星之志。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①Conclude with a quote or call to action.
以一个引证结束，或者号召大家去行动。
②I called to her. She nodded.
我冲着她喊叫。她点了点头。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)He called to the driver to stop.
(2)I'm a bit busy—can I call you back later
(3)The game was called off because of bad weather.
(4)My dad called me up to tell me the good news.
(5)The government called the army out to deal with violent disorder on the streets.
(6)It's the sort of work that calls for a high level of concentration.
5．reach for the stars 有九天揽月之志；努力完成壮举
[教材P84]The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they might seem.“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要继续保持摘星之志。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①If you reach for the stars, you ultimately will achieve better results.
如果你胸怀大志，你最终会取得更好的成绩。
②The child reached out to pick up the kitten.
那个孩子伸出手抱起那只小猫。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have the strength to reach for the stars to change the world.
(2)He reached for the phone and knocked over a glass.
(3)They need to find new ways of reaching out to young people.
句式 突破
But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue...[教材P84]
但是毫无疑问，载人飞行将继续下去……
句式解构
本句为“There is never any doubt that...”句型，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt 的具体内容。
归纳拓展
“There is never any doubt that...”相当于“There is no doubt that...”，意为“毫无疑问……”。 There is some doubt about.../whether... 对……有些疑问。
佳句背诵
①There is never any/no doubt that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问我们做得对。
②There is some doubt whether he will come to help us.
他是否会来帮助我们还有些疑虑。
(1)肯定句中：
doubt (n.)＋whether 引导同位语从句(不用if)
doubt (v.)＋whether/if 引导宾语从句
I doubt whether/if that was what he wanted.我不知道那是不是他想要的。
(2)否定句、疑问句中：
doubt＋that 引导同位语从句或宾语从句
I have no doubt that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。
Do you doubt that he can do a good job？你不相信他能做得很好吗？
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)There is no doubt that it is vital for us to deal with e waste properly.
(2)He doubted whether/if he would learn anything valuable from Marie.
(3)I don't doubt that he can accomplish the task before the deadline.
(4)There is never any doubt in your mind that he is innocent, is there
(5)There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match.
(6)If you have any doubt about your health, you'd better consult your doctor at once.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The old photo rekindled(重新唤起) many of my memories of my childhood.
2．The union suspended(暂停) strike action this week.
3．Heavy drinking can cause permanent(永久的) damage to the brain.
4．Teachers will never be replaced(取代) by computers in the classroom.
5．He is demonstrating(演示) to us how to use the new educational software.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．She got a cookbook out and we were eating great, instantaneously(instantaneous)．
2．We didn't have much patience waiting(wait) for the launch.
3．My eyes slowly got accustomed(accustom) to the dark.
4．I can remember that day so clearly, watching(watch) the take off on TV.
5．I will buy this book from which I learn a lot.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．等你到那里时，他可能已经离开了。
He might_have_left when you get there.
2．毫无疑问，她具备成为一名教师的素质。
There_is_no_doubt_that she is qualified for a teacher.
3．无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。
Keep calm, no_matter_what_happens.
4．你最好快点，校车就要开走了。
You'd better hurry up. The school bus is_about_to_leave.
5．曾经被认为不可能的事情现在已经实现了。
What_had_once_been_considered impossible had now been achieved.
课时作业(十六) Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She had only a vague notion(概念) of what might happen.
2．It would be hazardous(危险的) to invest so much.
3．There is shuttle(航班) service between London and Beijing.
4．The ship's sail cast a shadow(影子) on the water.
5．He covered her mouth to stop her from screaming(尖声大叫)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The chairwoman's views are grounded on the assumption(assume) that all people are equal.
2．I am grateful that he's taught me a lot about astronomy and has always been patient with me.
3．Everything running(run) smoothly, more jobs created for people allow them to be independent of others.
4．Earth Day, marked(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
5．More highways have been built in China, making(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．那位著名的医生对病人很有耐心，这让他在医院里非常受欢迎。
The famous doctor is very patient with patients, which_makes_him_popular_in_the_hospital.
2．我碰巧听到他们在谈论那部在2020年上映的影片。
I happened to hear them talking_about_the_film_put_on_in_2020.
3．她能够与年轻人心意相通。
She has the ability to_engage_with_young_minds.
4．这座房子是用木头建造的。
The house was_constructed_out_of_wood.
5．问题越难，我就越不可能回答出来。
The_more_difficult the questions are, the_less_likely I am to be able to answer them.
Ⅳ.完形填空
My twin sister, Dawn, born with cerebral palsy(脑瘫), has to wear braces(支架) on her legs and walk with the help of a stick, often causing people to __1__ and point.
As Dawn was the only “different” child in our neighborhood, we were constantly picked on. We never had any friends because of her condition. I began to __2__ Dawn and was embarrassed to be seen with her. So I did everything to get her into trouble to __3__ her being born mentally and physically disabled.
When I turned twelve, my mother was so displeased with my behavior. She figured I was __4__ enough to know better. One day she threw me in my bedroom and gave me a thick yellow book. What I saw in that book __5__the way I viewed my disabled sister.
There were many baby __6__ of Dawn and me dressed alike, the only __7__： I looked small and peaceful while Dawn was hooked up to tubes and needles and machines. If you looked closely, you could see the __8__ in her eyes though she was always smiling. One picture stood out: we were __9__ each other. The words below read，“I'm so happy to have a twin sister, Netti. The doctors make me cry. She makes me __10__.” Looking back, I realized how __11__ I had been! I had never put myself in Dawn's shoes! Feeling __12__， I cried myself to sleep.
Later, Dawn came to wake me up for dinner. I kissed her and hugged her __13__ like in the picture.
From then on, I was Dawn's __14__. No one was going to hurt her for any reason. We were __15__. I am her the other half and she is my world.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和患有脑瘫的双胞胎姐姐道恩之间的故事。
1．A.complain B．wander
C．stare D．envy
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.complain抱怨；B.wander漫步；C.stare盯着；D.envy嫉妒。句意：我的双胞胎姐姐道恩生来就患有脑瘫，她的腿上戴着支架，走路需要拄着拐杖，经常引发别人盯着她，指着她看。根据上文可知，道恩的腿上戴着支架，走路需要拄着拐杖，会引起别人盯着(stare)她看。故选C项。
答案：C
2．A.hate B．pity
C．disturb D．warn
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.hate怨恨；B.pity同情；C.disturb打扰；D.warn警告。句意：我开始怨恨道恩，让别人看见自己和她在一起就感到很尴尬。根据下文“was embarrassed to be seen with her” 可知，作者认为和道恩在一起很丢人，因此非常怨恨(hate)道恩。故选A项。
答案：A
3．A.put up with B．make use of
C．keep track of D．get back at
解析：考查动词短语辨析。A.put up with忍受；B.make use of利用；C.keep track of跟上；D.get back at报复。句意：所以我想尽一切办法让她陷入麻烦，报复她生来就有的智力和身体残疾。根据上文“was embarrassed to be seen with her”可知，道恩生来患有脑瘫，作者感到丢人，让她陷入麻烦是想报复(get back at)她生来就有的残疾。故选D项。
答案：D
4．A.patient B．old
C．clever D．confident
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.patient耐心的；B.old年纪大的，老的；C.clever聪明的；D.confident自信的。句意：她认为我已经足够大了，应该懂得更多。根据上文可知，妈妈对作者的行为不满，她认为12岁已经足够大(old)了，应该懂事了。故选B项。
答案：B
5．A.formed B．changed
C．explained D．confirmed
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.formed形成；B.changed改变；C.explained解释；D.confirmed确认。句意：我在那本书中所看到的，改变了我对残疾姐姐的看法。根据下文“Looking back, I realized how __11__ I had been! I had never put myself in Dawn's shoes！”可知，作者对之前自己对待残疾姐姐的行为感到惭愧。由此可知，作者是看了那本书里面的照片后，改变了(changed)对残疾姐姐的看法。故选B项。
答案：B
6．A.pictures B．clothes
C．toys D．stories
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.pictures照片；B.clothes衣服；C.toys玩具；D.stories故事。句意：有许多道恩和我穿着一样的婴儿照片，照片上唯一的区别是：我看起来很小、很安静，然而，道恩身上插着管子、针头和机器。根据下文“One picture stood out: we were __9__ each other.”可知，有一张照片很显眼：作者和道恩互相拥抱。因此妈妈给作者的书里是照片(pictures)。故选A项。
答案：A
7．A.problem B．spotlight
C．similarity D．difference
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.problem问题；B.spotlight聚光灯；C.similarity相似；D.difference区别。句意同上题。根据下文可知，道恩是作者的双胞胎姐姐，她们穿着一样的衣服，但是道恩患有脑瘫，所以区别(difference)是道恩身上插满了治疗的管子和设备。故选D项。
答案：D
8．A.courage B．disappointment
C．pain D．concern
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.courage勇气；B.disappointment失望；C.pain痛苦；D.concern担忧。句意：如果你凑近些看，你可以从她的眼睛里看到痛苦，尽管她总是微笑着。根据上文“while Dawn was hooked up to tubes and needles and machines”可知，道恩被插着管子、针头和机器，所以她一定会很不舒服、很痛苦(pain)。故选C项。
答案：C
9．A.hugging B．supporting
C．comforting D．praising
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.hugging拥抱；B.supporting支持；C.comforting安慰；D.praising赞扬。句意：有一张照片特别显眼：我们正拥抱在一起。根据下文“I kissed her and hugged her __13__ like in the picture.”可知，看完照片后，作者像在照片里做的那样，吻了道恩，紧紧拥抱了她。因此妈妈给的书中有作者和道恩拥抱(hugging)在一起的合影。故选A项。
答案：A
10．A.improve B．think
C．laugh D．survive
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.improve改善；B.think认为；C.laugh笑；D.survive生存。句意：她使我笑。根据上一句可知，与病痛的折磨相比，道恩感谢有双胞胎妹妹娜蒂的陪伴，医生的治疗让她痛苦，娜蒂的陪伴让她笑(laugh)。故选C项。
答案：C
11．A.rude B．selfish
C．responsible D．innocent
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.rude粗鲁的；B.selfish自私的；C.responsible负责的；D.innocent天真的。句意：回想起来，我意识到我过去是多么的自私！根据上文可知，作者曾经因为道恩的残疾感到耻辱，心中对道恩产生怨恨，想尽一切办法让她惹上麻烦来报复她。当作者看完妈妈给的照片后，作者感到十分后悔自己曾经自私的(selfish)行为。故选B项。
答案：B
12．A.helpless B．unhappy
C．desperate D．ashamed
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.helpless无助的；B.unhappy不开心的；C.desperate绝望的；D.ashamed愧疚的。句意：因为感到愧疚，我哭着睡着了。根据上文“Looking back, I realized how __11__ I had been！”可知，作者对自己曾经对待道恩的自私行为感到愧疚(ashamed)。故选D项。
答案：D
13．A.politely B．seriously
C．tightly D．purposely
解析：考查副词词义辨析。A.politely礼貌地；B.seriously认真地；C.tightly紧紧地；D.purposely故意地。句意：我吻了她，紧紧地拥抱了她，就像照片里那样。作者对自己曾经对待道恩的自私行为感到羞愧，因此紧紧地(tightly)拥抱道恩，以表达自己的愧疚之情。故选C项。
答案：C
14．A.protector B．assistant
C．educator D．consultant
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.protector保护者；B.assistant助理；C.educator教育家；D.consultant顾问。句意：从那时起，我是道恩的保护者。根据上文可知，作者自从看完妈妈给她的那本书里的照片后，感到羞愧，并改变了之前对待姐姐的方式，成为姐姐的保护者(protector)。故选A项。
答案：A
15．A.irreplaceable B．undefeatable
C．unimaginable D．inseparable
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.irreplaceable不可替代的；B.undefeatable不可战胜的；C.unimaginable难以想象的；D.inseparable形影不离的。句意：我们形影不离。根据上文“From then on... any reason.”可知，作者从此学会了保护道恩，不允许任何人因为任何原因伤害她。因此为了保护道恩，作者与道恩形影不离(inseparable)。故选D项。
答案：D
Ⅴ.语法填空
“Taijiquan is a traditional physical practice characterized by relaxed, circular movements that 1.________(work) in concert with breath regulation and the cultivation of a righteous and neutral mind，” thus reads the 2.________(introduce) of Taijiquan by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) on its website.
Also referred to 3.________ Tai Chi or Chinese boxing, Taijiquan has been a well known physical practice worldwide. Literally, tai means “supreme”， ji means “ultimate” and quan means “fist”. For a long time, different stories regarding the birthplace of Taijiquan 4.________(make) the rounds, focusing mainly on two places—Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province, central China, and Wenxian County.
The tale about its Wudang root is legendary, 5.________ tells how a man named Zhang Sanfeng created Taijiquan after witnessing a fight between a sparrow and a snake, 6.________(draw) inspiration from the animal's movements. The Wudang Mountain is known as one of China's major Taoist 7.________(landmark). This oldest philosophy of China has had a great impact on Taijiquan.
The story about its Chenjiagou origin has some 8.________(much) “hand proof”. In the mid 17th century, 9.________ retired general and village head named Chen Wangting combined his kungfu training with elements of Chinese philosophy 10.________(create) Chen Style Tai Chi. Popular belief holds that many modern styles of Taijiquan have been derived from the Chen style. Wenxian is listed as Taijiquan's birthplace on the UNESCO website.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太极拳的历史起源及传说。
1．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)网站上的太极拳介绍这样写道：“太极拳是一种传统的体育运动，其特点是放松、循环的动作，与呼吸调节和培养正直、中立的心灵相协调。”分析句子结构可知，设空处为定语从句中的谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处用一般现在时，主语that指代practice，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填works。
答案：works
2．解析：考查词性转换。句意：联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)网站上的太极拳介绍这样写道：“太极拳是一种传统的体育运动，其特点是放松、循环的动作，与呼吸调节和培养正直、中立的心灵相协调。”分析句子结构可知，设空处作动词reads的宾语，且前面有the，应用名词。故填introduction。
答案：introduction
3．解析：考查介词。句意：也被称为太极或中国拳击的太极拳在世界范围内已经成为一种著名的体育运动。as意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
答案：as
4．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：长期以来，关于太极拳发源地的不同故事层出不穷，主要集中在两个地方——中国中部的湖北省的武当山和温县。根据时间状语“For a long time”可知，句子用现在完成时，且主语different stories为复数形式。故填have made。
答案：have made
5．解析：考查定语从句。句意：源于武当的故事是传说，讲述了一个叫张三丰的男子，在目睹了麻雀与蛇的搏斗后，从动物的动作中汲取灵感，创造了太极拳。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指物，且在从句中作主语。故填which。
答案：which
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，与draw之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填drawing。
答案：drawing
7．解析：考查名词的数。句意：武当山被称为中国主要的道教地标之一。one of后面跟可数名词的复数形式。故填landmarks。
答案：landmarks
8．解析：考查比较等级。句意：关于其陈家沟起源的故事有了更多的“手证”。根据句意可知，设空处表示“更多的”，应用比较级。故填more。
答案：more
9．解析：考查冠词。句意：17世纪中叶，一位退休将军兼村长陈望亭将他的功夫训练与中国哲学元素相结合，创造了陈式太极。根据句意可知，设空处表示泛指，用不定冠词，且retired为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
答案：a
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式表目的。故填to creative。
答案：to creative
Section Ⅱ Using language
情态动词
语法 讲习
情态动词主要用以表明说话者的情感、态度和语气。情态动词不能单独作谓语，需要和实义动词原形一起构成谓语。
1．can 与could 的用法
(1)表示能力：can 表示现在的能力，could 表示过去的能力。
I can play basketball now, but I couldn't when I was young.现在我会打篮球了，但小时候我不会。
(2)表示请求或许可：could 语气比can 委婉，回答时只能用can。
—Can/Could you lend me a hand？你能帮我一下吗？
—Yes, I can.是的，我可以帮你。
(3)表示推测，意为“可能”，多用于否定句或疑问句。
—Can he be in the reading room now 他现在可能在阅览室吗？
—No, he can't be in it. Because I saw him in the office just now.不，他不可能在阅览室。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。
(4)表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时可能会”。
It can be quite cold here at night.这里夜间有时可能很冷。
2．may 与might 的用法
(1)表示征求对方的许可或允许对方做某事 (不用might)。
—May I come in 我可以进来吗？
—Yes, you may/can.是的，你可以进来。
—No, you can't.不行，你不能进来。
You may go now.你现在可以走了。
(2)表示推测 (把握不大)，意为“可能”，多用于肯定句。might 比may的可能性更小。
He may come, or he may not.他可能来，也可能不来。
It may/might rain this afternoon. You'd better take a raincoat.今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带件雨衣。
(3)may 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed！祝你成功！
May you have a good journey！祝你旅途愉快！
3．will 与would 的用法
(1)表示意志或意愿，意为“会，想，要”等。多表示从主语的主观意志出发，愿意做某事。
We will do our best to save the child.我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。
I have asked her, but she won't help us.我已经问过她了，但她不会帮助我们的。
(2)表示请求或建议，多用于疑问句。would 语气更委婉。
Will you please pass me the bottle 请你递给我那个瓶子好吗？
Would you mind opening the window for me 你介意为我打开窗户吗？
(3)表示习惯性动作或客观真理，意为“总是”。will 表示现在， would 表示过去。
She will listen to music alone in her room for hours.她总是独自在房间里听音乐，往往一听就是几个小时。
Oil will float on water.油总是浮在水面上。
On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess.以前每到星期天他总是到公园去下棋。
He would go to the park whenever he was free.他一有空就去公园。 (过去动作反复发生)
4．shall 与should/ought to 的用法
(1)shall 用于疑问句中多表示征求建议，主要用于第一、第三人称。
When shall he be able to be discharged from the hospital？他什么时候能出院？
(2)shall 用于肯定句中多表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等，主要用于第二、第三人称。
You shall have my answer tomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。
(3)should/ought to 表示劝告或建议，意为“应该，要”。
We should/ought to help others when they are in trouble.当别人有困难时，我们应该帮助他们。
(4)should/ought to 表示义务或责任，意为“应该，理应”。
We should/ought to learn from each other.我们应该互相学习。
(5)should/ought to 表示推测，意为“应该，可能”。
If the train is on time, she should/ought to arrive in Beijing at seven o'clock.如果火车准点的话，她应该在7点钟到达北京。
(6)should 表示惊讶或意外，意为“竟然”。
It's strange that he should come so late.他竟然来得这么晚，真是奇怪。
5．must 与have to 的用法
(1)must 表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”；否定形式mustn't 表示禁止，意为“不准，不许”。have to 意为“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don't/doesn't/didn't have to。
All the students must obey the school rules.所有学生都必须遵守校规。
You mustn't stop your car in the busy street.你不可以把车停在繁忙的大街上。
It's too late. I have to go home now.太晚了。我现在得回家了。
You don't have to finish the work now.你没有必要现在完成这项工作。
(2)must 表示说话人的一种态度，意为“偏要，硬要，偏偏”。
Why must he go out in the bad weather
为什么他偏要在这种坏天气出门？
Must you make so much noise when I have a rest 你就非得在我休息时制造如此多的噪音吗？
(3)must 表示十分肯定的推测，意为“一定，准是”。
Betty must be in the next room. I can hear her talking there.贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。
(4)回答must 问句时，肯定回答多用must；否定回答多用needn't 或don't have to。
—Must I finish my homework before eight o'clock 我必须要在8 点之前完成作业吗？
—Yes, you must.是的，你必须完成。
—No, you needn't./No, you don't have to.不，你没必要完成。
6．“情态动词＋have done”的用法
有些情态动词后可跟完成式。其中can、may、must 后接完成式可表示对过去情况的推测；could、might、should/ought to、need 后接完成式可表示“本来……(而实际上……)”。
He can't have taken it home.他不可能把它带回家了。
He may have forgotten the party.他可能已经忘了这次聚会了。
She must have gone through a lot.她一定吃过很多苦。
They could have sent up the satellite successfully.他们本来可以成功发射这颗卫星的。
You should have told me earlier or I might have gone with them.你本应该早点儿告诉我，不然的话我就会和他们一块儿去了。
You needn't have told them.你本来没有必要告诉他们的。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．—Why didn't Alex attend the party yesterday evening
—He might not have wanted to see me.
2．—Did you punish him for losing your digital camera
—Yes, but I don't think I should have done so.
3．It can be really cold in November in Hefei though we usually have warm and sunny days.
4．—Mary's score on the test is the highest in her class.
—Really She must have studied very hard.
5．—Mum, would you please buy me an MP5 player
—If you can help do the dishes the whole vacation, you shall_ have one as a reward.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．你不妨去拜访他并征求一些意见。
You might/may_as_well_go and pay him a visit and ask for some advice.
2．只有得到所有的信息，我才能评论这个工程。
I can't_comment_on the project until I get all the information.
3．我还没有决定。我可能会回家，但要看天气。
I haven't decided yet. I may/might_go_home,_but it depends on the weather.
4．对不起我来晚了，我可能是关上了闹钟。
Sorry I am late. I may_have_turned_off the alarm clock.
5．你昨天不可能在会上看到他，他两周前出国了。
You couldn't_have_met_him at the meeting yesterday. He went abroad two weeks ago.
课时作业(十七) Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Humor can improve one's appearance and personality.
2．Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, can easily reach the books on the top shelf.
3．All customers traveling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.
4．It is strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission.
5．I can't find my purse. I could/may/might have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I am not sure.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1．再过两个月我就会说德语了。
I'll_be_able_to_speak_German_in_another_two_months.
2．到现在他应该已经做完那项工作了。
He_should_have_finished_the_work_by_now.
3．他也许会来，但是我不能肯定。
He_may/might_come,_but_I_am_not_sure.
4．我过去在伦敦居住过。
I_used_to_live_in_London.
5．我找不到钥匙了。一定是落在车里了。
I_can't_find_my_key._I_must_have_left_it_in_the_car.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
As the climate warms, birds are shrinking and their wingspans are growing, according to a new study. Researchers analyzed 70,716 birds from 52 kinds of North American migratory(迁徙的) bird species collected over 40 years. The authors say the study is the largest of its kind and that the findings are important to understanding how animals will adapt to climate change.
“We found almost all of the species were getting smaller，” said lead author Brian Weeks, an assistant professor at the University of Michigan.
“The species were pretty diverse, but responding in a similar way，” he said. “The consistency was shocking.”
He said studies of animal responses to climate change often focus on shifts in geographical range or timing of life events, like migration and birth. But this study suggests body morphology(形态) is a crucial third aspect.
“That's one major implication，” he said, “It's hard to understand how birds will adapt without taking all three of these things into consideration.”
The findings showed that from 1978 to 2016，the length of the birds' lower leg bone shortened by 2.4%. Over the same time, the wings lengthened by 1.3%.
The evidence suggests warming temperatures caused the decrease in body size, which in turn caused the increase in wing length.
“Migration is an incredibly taxing thing they do，” Mr Weeks said, explaining that the smaller body size means less energy available for the birds to complete their long journeys.
He says the birds most likely to survive migration were the ones with longer wingspans and smaller bodies.
The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds to shrink. One theory is that smaller animals are better at cooling off, losing body heat more quickly.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着气候变暖，鸟类数量在减少，体型在缩小，翅膀在增长，但不清楚原因。
1．What made Brian Weeks feel astonished
A．It took 40 years to collect 70,716 birds from North America.
B．Many birds are shrinking when responding to the climate change.
C．All migratory bird species were collected to do the important research.
D．So many researchers take part in the largest study to work out the findings.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“‘We found almost... Michigan.”和第三段“‘The species... consistency was shocking.’”可知，Brian Weeks认为许多鸟类在应对气候变化时体型都在缩小，这令人震惊。故选B项。
答案：B
2．What does the underlined word “taxing” most probably mean
A．Tiring. B．Important.
C．Easy. D．Pleasant.
解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第三段中的“Mr Weeks said... long journeys”可知，画线词所在的句子意思是迁徙是一件非常疲劳的事情。由此可知，taxing在此处意为“疲劳的”，和tiring意思相近。故选A项。
答案：A
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The migratory birds aren't big.
B．The temperatures will be higher.
C．The scientists will go on further study.
D．The smaller animals will surely live longer.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The scientists... birds to shrink.”可知，科学家还不知道气温升高导致鸟类缩小的原因。由此推知，科学家们将继续深入研究。故选C项。
答案：C
4．What's the best title for the text
A．All of the Birds Are Getting Smaller
B．Animals Are Adapting to Climate Change
C．Climate Change Is Causing Birds to Shrink
D．Scientists Are Finding Causes of Warm Climate
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，全文围绕一项研究发现展开。根据第一段中的“As the climate... a new study.”和最后一段中的“The scientists... to shrink.”可知，这篇文章主要讲了随着气候变暖，鸟类数量在减少，体型在缩小，翅膀在增长，但原因未知。因此这篇文章最好的题目是“气候变化正导致鸟类缩小”。故选C项。
答案：C
Ⅳ.七选五
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. __1__， but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood(心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species(物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. __2__.
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “__3__. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. __4__.
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants. “__5__，” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
1．解析：根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood(心情), reducing stress and helping their memory”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only...but....结构，意为“不仅……而且……”。结合选项可知，B项“Not only do they look beautiful”能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B项。
答案：B
2．解析：根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，所以这些植物适合在温暖的地方生长。结合选项可知，D项“Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer”能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
答案：D
3．解析：根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.”可知，室内植物对人有好处。结合选项可知，C项“There are many benefits to growing plants indoors”能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C项。
答案：C
4．解析：根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。结合选项可知，E项“Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best”能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E项。
答案：E
5．解析：根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。结合选项可知，G项“Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding”能够承接上文，同时引起下文具体介绍的了解每种植物的需求的好处，符合语境。故选G项。
答案：G
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，将代表你班参加学校英语俱乐部的演讲比赛。请以“What are we studying for？”为主题写一篇英语演讲稿，内容包括：
1．学习目的因人而异；
2．不同学习目的及原因；
3．你的学习目的及原因。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语和结束语已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear members，
I'm Li Hua. I'm very glad to have the chance to speak on behalf of my class here.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
That's all. Thank you!
【参考范文】
Dear_members，
I'm_Li_Hua._I'm_very_glad_to_have_the_chance_to_speak_on_behalf_of_my_class_here. The topic of my speech is “What are we studying for？”. As we all know, the purpose of studying differs from person to person.
Some people love studying, because studying can bring them a sense of achievement. Others have to study due to the requirements of their parents, so they study just to live up to their parents' expectations.
As for me, I study just for the pleasure of studying. When I work out a problem, I will feel very happy. What's more, only by studying well can we have a bright future.
That's_all._Thank_you！
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
原文 呈现
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
The night sky has been an endless source of (1)fascination since the start of human history. (2)For example, the mysterious large eyed, (3)bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, 【1】discovered_at_the_Chinese_archeological_site_at_Sanxingdui,_were believed to have (4)been able to look across great distances into the stars. (5)In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with (6)the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see. 【2】Not_knowing_what_the_stars_were,_people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
读文 清障
(1)fascination n．魅力；着迷
(2)for example 例如
(3)bronze adj.青铜制的 n．青铜
(4)be able to do sth. 能够做某事
(5)in reality 实际上；事实上
(6)the naked eye 肉眼
【1】过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the mysterious large eyed, bronze statues。
【2】现在分词短语作原因状语。
夜晚的眼睛
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界
原文 呈现
Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed (7)dramatically when the first telescope was (8)angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and (9)enabling us to understand that the universe is (10)far larger than was previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds (11)similar to our own, 【3】many_of_them_even_having_their_own_moons. Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the (12)galaxy we call the Milky Way. Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast (13)cosmic ocean.
读文 清障
(7)dramatically adv.显著地；引人注目地
(8)angle v．斜置
(9)enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
(10)far larger than... 比……大得多
(11)be similar to... 与……相似
(12)galaxy n．星系
(13)cosmic adj.宇宙的
【3】独立主格结构。
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。
原文 呈现
Almost 400 years after the first Earth based telescope was invented, (14)the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving astronomers—indeed all of us—the first (15)breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might (16)conceivably find life. Not only that—it has also helped us to (17)work out the age and (18)nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding (19)at an ever increasing speed.
读文 清障
(14)the Hubble Space Telescope 哈勃空间望远镜
(15)breathtakingly adv.惊人地；令人激动地
(16)conceivably adv.可以相信地；可想象地
(17)work out 计算出；弄明白
(18)nature n．本质；特点；性格；大自然；自然界
(19)at an ever increasing speed 以不断增长的速度
第一个地面望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都首次看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观，从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
原文 呈现
To see even further into the universe, many countries (20)are now engaged in building ever more (21)advanced telescopes. (22)Currently, China operates the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. The 500 metre dish of (23)the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, 【4】thought to (24)be composed of (25)subatomic (26)particles (27)invisible to ordinary telescopes. This vast dish also (28)has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right (29)at the edge of the visible universe.
读文 清障
(20)be engaged in 忙于；从事于；参与
(21)advanced adj.先进的
(22)currently adv.现时；当前
(23)the “Eye of Heaven” 天眼
(24)be composed of... 由……组成
(25)subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的
(26)particle n．粒子
(27)invisible adj.看不见的
(28)have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事
(29)at the edge of... 在……的边缘
【4】过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰dark matter。
了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST望远镜，于2016年建成。众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质，暗物质被认为是由普通望远镜看不到的亚原子粒子组成的。这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。
原文 呈现
The Hubble and the space telescopes (30)constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space. We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago. 【5】Using_ever larger_radio_telescopes_as_our_eyes,_we will one day be able to (31)look back to a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light. But the human (32)quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that. So much of the universe remains unexplored that we (33)are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
读文 清障
(30)construct v．建造；修建
(31)look back to 回顾；回想
(32)quest for 探索；追求
(33)be close to 接近；靠近
【5】现在分词短语作方式状语。
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年前的过去。终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜，当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
基础 自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．That detective used a telescope(望远镜) to observe the abnormal behaviour of that couple.
2．We should judge a person from different angles(角度)．
3．Conceivably(可以相信地), only in this way can we human beings live in harmony with animals.
4．The bacteria, which are invisible(看不见的) to naked eyes, can be harmful to our bodies.
5．The ambitious manager is blessed with strong self discipline(自我约束)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．That university, which is_composed_of 23 departments, has been developing quickly in recent years.
2．The genius that she showed in competition was beyond_our_imagination.
3．That company, which was troubled by negative news, now is focusing_on regaining public's recognition.
4．The human's quest_for knowledge is strengthened by technology.
5．The average temperature of this region is_close_to 0℃.
Ⅲ.教材原句
1．“Sb./Sth. is believed to do sth.”句型
For example, the mysterious large eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were_believed_to_have_been_able_to look across great distances into the stars.例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。
2．“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构
The_more_we_know,_the_more_we_feel_our_ignorance;_the more we feel how much remains unknown.我们知道的越多，就越感到自己无知；我们越是感到有很多东西仍是未知的。
语篇 细研
根据课文选出最佳选项
1．What dramatically changed our power to investigate and understand space
A．The development of technology.
B．The invention of the first telescope.
C．The application of the Internet.
D．A better understanding of space.
答案：B
2．We have seen so much over great distances by using the Hubble Space Telescope EXCEPT ________.
A．enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born
B．huge black holes
C．some new planets where we might find life
D．dark matter
答案：D
3．Now which country operates the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope
A．China. B．America.
C．Russia. D．England.
答案：A
4．What does “EYES” in the title of the passage refer to
A．The discovery.
B．The telescopes.
C．Observation.
D．Research.
答案：B
词汇 精讲
1．angle v．调整角度；斜置；谋取，博取 n．斜角；角度；立场
[教材P90]Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky...当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化……
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①Angle the mirror so that you can see behind you.
把镜子转个角度，这样你就能看到你后面。
②The picture was hanging at an angle.
画斜挂着。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)The two roads lie at an angle of about 45 degrees.
(2)It appeared to be an ancient dagger, angling(angle) in the air.
完成句子
(3)Viewed from_any_angle(s)(从任何角度), drinking heavily on an empty stomach is very harmful to health.
2．engaged adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚
[教材P92]．.. many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.……很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①They were engaged in conversation.
他们正谈得来劲。
②Her daughter was engaged to a young teacher.
她女儿和一位年轻老师订婚了。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)Some of them were engaged in advanced studies.
(2)The two governments have agreed to engage in a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.
(3)Jack was engaged to Anne and their wedding would be held soon.
3．be composed of... 由……组成/构成
[教材P92]．.. thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.……被认为是由普通望远镜看不到的亚原子粒子组成的。
归纳拓展
表示“由……组成/构成 整体作主语，部分作宾语 ”的词汇：be composed of...、 be made up of...、consist of...、comprise...、be comprised of...；表示“组成，构成 部分作主语，整体作宾语 ”的词汇：make up、comprise、constitute。
佳句背诵
①The research group is composed of several scholars in this field.
研究小组由该领域的几位学者组成。
②The group is composed of/is made up of/consists of/comprises/is comprised of ten people.＝Ten people make up/comprise/constitute the group.
这个小组由十个人组成。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)Air is_composed(compose) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
同义句转换
(2)Ten members make up the committee.
＝The committee is_made_up_of ten members.
＝The committee is_composed_of ten members.
＝The committee consists_of ten members.
＝The committee is_comprised_of ten members.
4．be close to 接近；靠近；与……亲密；几乎，可能(表示状态)
[教材P92]So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
[归纳拓展]
佳句背诵
①Our new house is close to the school.
我们的新房子离学校很近。
②We are close to signing the agreement.
我们可能要签订协议。
close 作副词时表示具体意义，意为“接近地”，偏重于距离的近；closely 作副词时表示抽象意义，意为“严密地，密切地”，常常修饰分词、形容词和动词。
巧学活用
选词填空(close/closely)
(1)The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.
(2)Part of the reason why Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
完成句子
(3)The two countries are_close_to_signing(可能要签署) a peace agreement.
(4)Don't get_close_to(接近) the fire, or you will get burnt.
(5)Little Mary stood_close_to(靠近……站着) her mother.
5．fetch v．(去)拿来；请来；找来
[教材P94]A vacuum cleaner also comes in handy for fetching items that are floating around out of reach！真空吸尘器也可以方便地取回漂浮在周围够不到的地方的物品！
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①Could you fetch me the tape/fetch the tape for me from my drawer
你能帮我把抽屉里的磁带拿来吗？
②Quick! Go and fetch a doctor.
快！去请医生来。
巧学活用
单句写作
(1)你去另一个房间帮我把眼镜拿过来好吗？
Could you fetch_me_my_glasses/fetch_my_glasses_for_me from the other room, please
(2)我得去车站接我母亲。
I have to fetch_my_mother_from_the_station.
(3)本生病了，快去请医生来。
Ben is ill. Go and fetch_a_doctor quickly.
句式 突破
1．For example, the mysterious large eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom，discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.[教材P90]
例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。
句式解构
本句为“Sb./Sth. is believed to do sth.”句型，意为“某人/物被认为做某事”。
归纳拓展
“Sb./Sth. is believed to do sth.”句型有时态和语态的变化，可转换成“It is believed that...”。常用于该句型的过去分词还有said、reported、announced、known、hoped 等。
佳句背诵
①They are believed to be hidden in this apartment.＝It is believed that they are hidden in this apartment.
人们认为他们被藏在这个公寓里。
②He is said to have moved to Chicago.＝It's said that he has moved to Chicago.
据说他已经搬到芝加哥了。
巧学活用
单句写作
(1)人们相信他们能提前完成任务。
They are_believed_to_finish the task ahead of time.
(2)据报道另一个人造卫星已经被放入轨道。
It_is_reported_that another man made satellite has been put into orbit.
(3)据说我们正生活在信息时代。
We are_said_to_be_living in the Information Age.
2.The more we know, the more we feel our ignorance；the more we feel how much remains unknown.[教材P93]
我们知道的越多，就越感到自己无知；我们越是感到有很多东西仍是未知的。
句式解构
本句为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构。
归纳拓展
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。前者表示条件，后者表示结果。
佳句背诵
①The more, the better.
多多益善。
②The harder you study, the more progress you'll make.
你学习越刻苦，取得的进步就越大。
巧学活用
单句写作
(1)你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。
The_more you speak English, the_better your English will become.
(2)一个人越博学，他通常就越谦虚。
The_more_learned a man is, the_more_modest he usually becomes.
(3)你练习得越多，就会说得越流利。
The more you practise, the_more_fluently_you_will_speak.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The matter is currently(current) being discussed.
2．She admired his straightforwardness(straightforward)．
3．I've had enough of their endless(end) arguing.
4．Make it part of your quest for better health.
5．She has broken off her engagement(engage) to Charles.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．我渴望成为一名宇航员，去探索宇宙的奥秘。
I am_keen_to become an astronaut to_explore the mystery of the universe.
2．我决心努力学习，获取足够的知识，并定期锻炼。
I am_determined_to study hard to gain sufficient knowledge and exercise_regularly.
3．我将实现我的梦想。
I will realise_my_dream.
4．否则我将以失败告终。
Otherwise, I will end_up_with failure.
5．我相信我不会让我的父母和我自己失望的。
I am sure I won't make_my_parents_and_myself_disappointed.
探索未知世界
写作 任务
假如你是中学生李华，你爱好太空探索但是却得不到父母的理解，于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并寻求帮助。要点如下：
1．你的观点(至少两点)；
2．父母的意见。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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佳作 构建
一、写作构思
1．一审：确定体裁和主题
(1)体裁：应用文
(2)主题：寻求帮助
2．二定：确定时态和人称
(1)时态：一般现在时为主
(2)人称：第一人称为主
3．三明确：明确写作要点
(1)说明你与父母之间存在的问题，并提出求助；
(2)主体部分陈述父母的观点(爱好影响学习)及你对太空探索的观点(对太空探索的痴迷、健康爱好的好处等)；
(3)结尾表达希望(希望对方提供帮助)。
4．四分段：结合要点分成三个段落
(1)第一段说明你与父母之间存在的问题，并提出求助；
(2)第二段陈述父母的观点(爱好影响学习)及你对太空探索的观点(对太空探索的痴迷、健康爱好的好处等)；
(3)第三段结尾表达希望(希望对方提供帮助)。
二、素材整理
1．关键词语
(1)concentrate on... 专注于……
(2)at a loss不知所措
(3)deal with... 应对……
(4)be crazy about... 对……痴迷
(5)be beneficial to... 对……有益
(6)have a bad effect on... 对……有坏的影响
(7)as a consequence因此；所以
(8)prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
2．单句写作
(1)我和父母之间存在一个问题，使我不可能集中精力学习。
There exists a problem between my parents and me, making_it_impossible_for_me_to_concentrate_on my study.
(2)我对太空探索如此痴迷以至于业余时间我常去图书馆阅读有关太空探索的东西。
So_crazy_am_I_about_space_exploration that in my spare time I often go to the library to read something about space exploration.
(3)我认为健康的爱好有利于我们的全面发展。但父母不理解我，这使我很伤心。
I think healthy hobbies are beneficial to our overall development. But my parents don't understand me, which_upsets_me.
(4)如果你能给我提供一些宝贵的建议我将感激不尽。
I'd_appreciate_it if you could offer me some valuable suggestions.
三、连句成篇
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【参考范文】
Dear Stephen,
I'm writing to seek your help. There exists a problem between my parents and me, making it impossible for me to concentrate on my study. I'm at a loss how to deal with it.
So crazy am I about space exploration that in my spare time I often go to the library to read something about space exploration. I think healthy hobbies are beneficial to our overall development. But my parents don't understand me, which upsets me. They think my hobby will have a bad effect on my study sooner or later. As a consequence, they do what they can do to prevent me from going to the library. To them, good marks mean everything and I should spend more time on my lessons.
I'd appreciate it if you could offer me some valuable suggestions. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
课时作业(十八) Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Perhaps she has caught a cold, as she has been sneezing(打喷嚏)．
2．I am so thirsty. Would you mind fetching(去拿来) a glass of pure water for me
3．This is an awesome(了不起的) product, but not everyone is fond of it.
4．Believe it or not, the air is full of millions of invisible(看不见的) germs.
5．Working out regularly will help keep your muscles(肌肉) strong and avoid back problems.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Despite his illness, he was_engaged_in looking into the accident.
2．It is said that the committee is_composed_of professors and engineers.
3．We have had meaningful negotiations and(共10张PPT)
Unit 6 Space and beyond
单元重点归纳
2门世2有
3厚(共68张PPT)
Unit 6 Space and beyond
综合微评(六)
(时间：90分钟 满分：120分)
2门世2有
3厚
