(共64张PPT)
UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS
第十单元综合微评
(时间：90分钟 满分：120分)
2门世2有
3厚(共13张PPT)
UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS
单元重点归纳
2门世2有
3厚UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS
单元目标解读 ·学科素养达成
[单元目标]
语言能力 单元语法 过去时态的被动语态
单元写作 新闻报道
文化意识 1.了解不同社会文化中人们之间的关系，发现并了解语篇中包含的不同文化元素 2．通过对社会服务与人际沟通的学习，加强学生对人际沟通的了解，能够帮助学生建立积极的人际关系，有利于学生身心健康的发展
思维品质 1.通过对社会服务与人际沟通的学习，让学生能够培养积极健康的心理素质 2．鼓励学生建立积极的人际关系
学习能力 熟练运用本单元知识，利用“社会服务与人际沟通”这一话题，进行听、说、读、写、看的相关训练，从而提升学习技能
[单元词汇]
教材词汇 记忆有法
grocery 词缀记忆：grocer(n.食物杂货商)＋ y＝grocery n．超级市场；食品杂货
bakery 词缀记忆：bake(v.烘焙)＋ ry＝bakery n．面包烘房，糕饼店
disagreement 词缀记忆：dis ＋agreement(n.同意)＝disagreement n．意见不合，分歧，争论
encouragement 词缀记忆：en ＋courage(n.勇气)＋ ment＝encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物
impression 词缀记忆：impress(v.给……留下深刻印象)＋ ion＝impression n．印象，感想
bimonthly 词缀记忆：bi ＋monthly(adj.每月的)＝bimonthly adj.两月一次的；一月两次的
additionally 词缀记忆：additional(adj.附加的；额外的)＋ ly＝additionally adv.除此之外，此外
frequently 词缀记忆：frequent(adj.频繁的)＋ ly＝frequently adv.经常地，频繁地
amazement 词缀记忆：amaze(v.使吃惊)＋ ment＝amazement n．吃惊，惊奇
tear stained 构词记忆：tear(n.眼泪)＋stained(adj.满是污痕的)＝tear stained adj.有泪痕的
resolutely 词缀记忆：resolute(adj.坚决的)＋ ly＝resolutely adv.坚决地，坚定地
Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK
听说 技能
Step 1 Listening
Ⅰ.听录音前翻译下列单词和短语
1．clinic n．诊所，(医院)门诊部
2．gallery n．美术馆，画廊
3．grocery n．超级市场；食品杂货
4．stadium n．体育场，运动场
5．bakery n．面包烘房，糕饼店
6．cafeteria n．(工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅，食堂
7．canteen n．(工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅
8．suburb n．郊区，近郊，城郊
9．forum n．(互联网上的)论坛，讨论区；讨论会，电视专题讨论节目
10．conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾
11．intervention n．干涉，干预
12．disagreement n．意见不合，分歧，争论
13．envy n．羡慕，忌妒
vt. 羡慕，妒忌
14．friction n．不合，冲突，摩擦
15．encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物
16．hang out 闲待，厮混
17．disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断
18．apologise vi.道歉，谢罪
Ⅱ.听录音并完成下列题目
1．Finish Activity 2 on Page 6.
2．Finish Activity 4 on Page 7.
Ⅲ.再听一遍录音10.1并填空
(M＝Max W＝Willa)
M：OK, we're going to do a little 1.experiment to find out about the 2.connections you have.
W：All right.
M: Take your mobile phone and look at your photos. Who was the last person you 3.took_a_photo_of
W：Well, let me see. The last person I took a photo of was my sister Daisy when we were 4.hanging_out last weekend at the park.
M：Do you get on well with your sister then
W：Yes. We get on very well with each other. We're very close 5.in_age so we used to play with each other when we were children. We have some of the same friends.
M：Didn't you 6.argue_or_fight with each other when you were children
W：Well, sometimes 7.conflicts will come up, but never for very long. We always 8.agree_to_disagree if we need to. The most important thing is that we are always there for each other whenever one needs some help or just a bit of encouragement.
Step 2 Talking
Ⅰ.谈论与你相关的人的关系
________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Ⅱ.句式仿写
1．The last person I took a photo of was...when... last weekend.
我最近一次给人拍照是……，上周末……的时候。
[仿写句子]
我最近一次给人拍照是给我最好的朋友，上周末我们给他庆祝生日的时候。
The last person I_took_a_photo_of_was_my_best_friend when we_celebrated_his_birthday last weekend.
2．Well, sometimes... will come up, but never for very long.
好吧，有时会发生……，但不会持续很长时间。
[仿写句子]
好吧，有时我们之间会发生一些分歧，但不会持续很长时间。
Well, sometimes some_disagreements_between_us will come up, but never for very long.
3．The most important thing is that we are always there for each other whenever one needs some... or just a bit of...
最重要的是，无论何时有人需要……或仅仅是……，我们都会一直在一起。
[仿写句子]
最重要的是，无论何时有人需要一些支持或仅仅是一点陪伴，我们都会一直在一起。
The most important thing is that we are always there for each other whenever one needs some_support_or_just_a_bit_of_company.
Ⅲ.谈论一个和你有亲近关系的人。你们互相学到了什么？
________________________________________________________________________
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词汇 精讲
1．conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 vi.冲突，抵触
[教材P109]Well, sometimes conflicts will come up, but never for very long. 好吧，有时会发生冲突，但不会持续很长时间。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①It is a statement in conflict with other evidence.
这一陈述与其他证词不一致。
②The changes are sure to conflict with the old traditions, so we must give it a second thought.
变化一定与旧的传统相冲突，所以我们一定要三思。
巧学活用
完成句子
①John often conflicts_with/comes_into_conflict_with his boss.
约翰经常与他的老板发生冲突。
②Many of these ideas appear to be in_conflict_with each other.
这些观念中的许多看上去似乎相互矛盾。
2．envy n．羡慕，忌妒 vt.羡慕，妒忌
[教材P6]．.. disagreements, envy, friction... ……分歧、忌妒、冲突……
归纳拓展
(1)be the envy of... 成为……羡慕/忌妒的对象 out of envy 出于忌妒 (2)envy sb. sth. 羡慕/妒忌某人某事/有某物 envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕/妒忌某人做某事
佳句背诵
①Her many talents were the envy of all her friends.
她所有的朋友都羡慕她多才多艺。
②I envy your view of the ocean.
我真羡慕你能看到海景。
③I envy you having such a close family.
我羡慕你有一个亲密的家庭。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①We thought he said such things out of envy.
②Your good health is the envy of us all.
3．disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断
[教材P109]Basically, they were making too much noise in their flat in the evenings and it was really disturbing us. 总的来说，他们晚上在他们的公寓里制造了太多的噪音，这真的打扰到我们了。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else.
如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。
②We were greatly disturbed by/about/at global warming.
我们对全球变暖问题非常担忧。
③Farmers are deeply disturbed to hear the bad news.
农民们听到这一坏消息深感不安。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①The mother opened the door quietly so as not to_disturb(disturb) the sleeping baby.
②I was disturbed(disturb) that they were getting divorced.
③There is a disturbing(disturb) anxiety among people that inflation will continuously increase.
④Tom was disturbed by/about/at his injury.
4．apologise vi.道歉，谢罪
[教材P109]Instead of staying in our flat, feeling angry about the noise, we went over to their flat, told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they apologised and said they would make less noise from then on. 我们没有待在我们的公寓里对噪音感到愤怒，而是走到他们的公寓，告诉他们噪音让我们多么不高兴，他们道歉了，并说从那以后他们会减少噪音。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologise to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.
老师建议她应为自己不得体的行为向同桌道歉。
②She is still angry and refuses to accept my apology.
她仍在生气，并拒绝接受我的道歉。
③I owe you an apology for the fact that I can not go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
我应向你道歉，因为星期五下午不能和你一起去书店。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①I should make an apology(apologise) to you.
②Harry apologised to his teacher for coming to school late.
③He made an apology to me for not inviting me to his home.
句式 突破
The last person I took a photo of was my sister Daisy when we were hanging out last weekend at the park.[教材P109]
我最近一次给人拍照是给我的妹妹黛西，上周末我们逛公园的时候。
句式分析
本句中的“when we... at the park”是when引导的时间状语从句。
归纳拓展
(1)when可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 (2)when 还可作并列连词，意为“这时；突然”。常用句型有： be doing sth. when... 正在做某事，这时(突然)…… be about to do sth. when... 正要做某事，这时(突然)…… be on the point of doing sth. when... 正要做某事，这时(突然)…… had just done sth. when... 刚做完某事，这时(突然)……
佳句背诵
①When you meet a new word, consult the dictionary.
你遇到生词时可以查词典。
②I was on the point of giving up when my teacher encouraged me to try again.
我正要放弃时，这时我的老师鼓励我再试一次。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
②I was just leaving when the telephone rang.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The gallery(画廊) is open Monday through Friday, 9 am to 6 pm.
2．There is always a conflict(冲突) between good and evil in his plays.
3．You do not need to envy(羡慕) any other person, for your existence is unique.
4．There's an apparent disagreement(分歧，争论) between their stories.
5．It is widely accepted that giving people a hug would give them great support and encouragement(鼓励)．
6．The secretary apologised(道歉) to the manager for making the same mistake again.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．It will be so great watching the sun coming_up.
2．Then one day, she made new friends and said she didn't want to hang_out with me any more.
3．Their main job is to preserve health rather_than treat illness.
4．She left in 1984 and from_then_on she lived alone.
5．If you believe_in yourself, you will succeed.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．She found herself in_conflict_with her parents over her future career.
她发现自己在将来的择业问题上与父母存在着分歧。
2．I apologise_for_not_being_able_to join you for dinner.
很抱歉我不能和你们一起吃饭了。
3．I was walking on the street when_I_heard_my_name_called.
我正在街上走着，这时我听见有人叫我的名字。
4．Their economy is the_envy_of the developing countries.
他们的经济令发展中国家羡慕。
5．They were_deeply_disturbed by the accident.
这场事故使他们深感不安。
Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 HOW CLOSELY
CONNECTED ARE WE？
原文 呈现
Research shows the average①person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people, and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest②to us. However, perhaps we are closer to the rest of③ the world than we think. “Six Degrees of Separation”refers to④ the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to⑤ any other person through a chain of⑥ no more than five other people.
The concept was first talked about as long ago as the 1920s. The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different【1】 in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks【2】 and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.
读文 清障
①average adj.普通的；平均的
②close adj.亲密的，亲近的
③the rest of 其余的；剩下的
④refer to指的是；参考；查阅
⑤be connected to...与……有联系
⑥a chain of... 一连串的……
【1】过去分词短语作后置定语。
【2】in which 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词book。
研究表明，普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系，而且我们其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5到10个最亲近的人身上。不过，也许我们与世界上其他人的联系比想象中的更紧密。“六度分隔”理论指的是地球上的任何人都可以通过不超过另外五个人与一个陌生人联系起来。
这个概念早在20世纪20年代就被提出。匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了《一切皆不同》一书，书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念，许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到他的思想的影响。
原文 呈现
In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically; but after twenty years, they still had not had any success. In 1967, an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using⑦ a new method to test the theory, which he called the “small world problem”. He chose a random⑧ sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. The people sending the packages【3】 only knew the name, job and general location⑨ of the stranger. Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target⑩ stranger. Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. Amazingly ， it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered【4】，and once released【5】，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today. It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．【6】
读文 清障
⑦try doing sth. 试图做某事
⑧random adj.随机的，随意的
⑨general location大致的位置
⑩target n．目标；靶子；受批评的对象
contact n．熟人；联系；接触
v．联系；接触
amazingly adv.令人吃惊的是
parcel n．包裹；邮包
【3】现在分词短语作后置定语。
【4】“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
【5】状语从句once the results were released的省略形式。
【6】本句为强调句。其结构为“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分”，句中被强调部分是this research。
20世纪50年代，两位科学家试图用数学方法证明该理论，但20年过去了，仍未成功。1967年，美国社会学家斯坦利·米尔格兰姆试图用新的方法来验证这一理论，他称这种方法为“小世界问题”。米尔格兰姆在美国中部随机抽取一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。这些寄送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。米尔格兰姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。此人一收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到包裹被送到目标收件人手中。令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布，便发表在了双月刊《今日心理学》上。正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。
原文 呈现
In the last few decades, the theory and the phrase have appeared again.【7】 Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. Then, more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast. For example, the Oscar winning film Babel is based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”. The lives of all the characters were closely connected, although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart. The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”， as almost all the characters had randomly met each other, or had met someone the other characters knew, before they were all in the same plane crash. In the mid 1990s, two college students in the United States invented a game. The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon, a famous American actor and musician, through no more than six links. Soon the game was being played【8】in universities across the United States.
读文 清障
(be) based on... 以……为基础
concept n．概念；观念
series n．系列节目
explore vt.探讨；探索
link... to... 把……和……联系起来
【7】in the last few decades 常与现在完成时连用。
【8】过去进行时的被动语态。
在过去的几十年里，这一理论和说法又再次出现。它被用作戏剧标题和电影名称。随后，更多基于这一理论的影视节目相继拍摄、播出。例如，奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”这一概念。影片中所有人物彼此不认识、相隔千里，但他们的生活都是紧密相连的。电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人物此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物认识的人。20世纪90年代中期，美国两名大学生发明了一款游戏。这个游戏的玩法是用不超过六个联结将任意一个演员与著名演员、音乐家凯文·贝肯联系起来。这款游戏很快在美国的大学里流行起来。
原文 呈现
In 2001, Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram's experiment on the Internet. This became known as the “Columbia Small world Project”. The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries. The results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.
Most recently, an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages， or five degrees of separation.
So, think about it for a minute：How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels？
读文 清障
become/be known as...
作为……而出名
involve vt.涉及；使参与
confirm vt.确认；证实
social media 社交媒体
stage n．阶段；时期；舞台
regularly adv.经常；定期地
2001年，哥伦比亚大学试图在互联网上重现米尔格兰姆的实验。这项实验被称为“哥伦比亚小世界项目”。这项实验涉及24 163个电子邮件链接，覆盖了来自13个国家的18个目标人物。实验结果证实，联络串上的连接平均数量是6个。
最新的是2011年米兰大学的一项实验，该实验分析了7.21亿社交媒体用户之间的关系，发现92%的用户只需通过四个阶段，即五度分隔，就可建立联系。
所以，思考一下这个问题：你与你经常乘坐的公交车的司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系？
语言 知识
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．impression n．印象，感想→impress vt.使有印象；使铭记→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
2．sociologist n．社会学家→sociology n．社会学
3．random adj.随机的，随意的→randomly adv.任意地；随机地；胡乱地
4．parcel n．包裹；邮包
5．bimonthly adj.两月一次的；一月两次的
6．phrase n．成语，习语；警句
7．theory n．学说，理论
8．release vt.&n.发表，发布；释放
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．refer_to指的是；谈到；查阅；参考
2．be_connected_to与……有联系
3．no_more_than只是；仅仅
4．be_based_on以……为基础；根据
5．most_recently最近
6．think_out考虑
7．due_to由于；因为
8．after_all毕竟
Ⅲ.教材原句
once引导时间状语从句
Once_the_parcel_had_been_received_by_this_person,_he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.
此人一收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到包裹被送到目标收件人手中。
语篇 细研
Ⅰ.根据课文匹配段落大意
Para. 1 A．Stanley Milgram tested the theory successfully.
Para. 2 B．Who invented the theory
Para. 3 C．What does “Six Degrees of Separation” refer to
Para. 4 D．The result of Columbia University's study.
Para. 5 E．How did the theory influence the entertainment industry
Para. 6 F．The result of the University of Milan study.
Para. 7 G．How closely connected are you
答案：Para. 1—C Para. 2—B Para. 3—A
Para. 4—E Para. 5—D Para. 6—F Para. 7—G
Ⅱ.根据课文选择最佳选项
1．Who invented the theory “Six Degrees of Separation”？
A．Stanley Milgram.
B．Two college students.
C．Frigyes Karinthy.
D．Columbia University.
答案：C
2．What did the theory influence except ________ according to the passage
A．a play or TV programme
B．shopping online
C．a film
D．a game
答案：B
3．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．The result of Columbia University's study confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.
B．The result of the University of Milan study inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．
C．In the 1950s, more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast.
D．The concept “Six Degrees of Separation”， was first talked about as long ago as in the 1930s.
答案：A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
“Six Degrees of Separation” refers 1.to the theory that any person on Earth can 2.be_connected(connect) to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.
The concept 3.was_talked(talk) about as long ago as the 1920s. Frigyes Karinthy first introduced the idea of friendship networks in his book. In the 1950s, 4.an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory 5.mathematically(mathematical) but after twenty years, they still did not have any success. In 1967, an American sociologist 6.called(call) Stanley Milgram tried using a new method 7.to_test(test) the theory. It was this research 8.that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．
In the last few decades, the theory and the phrase 9.have_appeared(appear) again. In 2001, Columbia University confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six. Most recently, an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages, or five degrees of 10.separation(separate)．
词汇 精讲
1．refer to 指的是；谈到；提到；参考；查阅；涉及
[教材P8]“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. “六度分隔”理论指的是地球上的任何人都可以通过不超过另外五个人与一个陌生人联系起来。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①This paragraph refers to the events of last year.
这一段说的是去年发生的事。
②Tom is going to refer the matter to the meeting.
汤姆打算把这件事提交到会议上去处理。
表示“查阅”时， refer to后多接参考资料(词典、书籍等); look up后多接查询的内容。
巧学活用
完成句子
①The scientist referred_to_the_discovery_as the most exciting new development in this field.
这位科学家将这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新进展。
②You should keep the book well for_future_reference.
你应该把这本书收好，以便将来作为参考。
2．impression n．印象，感想
[教材P8]The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks. 匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了《一切皆不同》一书，书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念，许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到他的思想的影响。
归纳拓展
(1)make/leave a good/bad/deep impression on... 给……留下好的/坏的/深刻的印象 (2)impress v．给……留下深刻的好印象；使铭记 impress sb. with sb./sth.＝impress sb./sth. on sb. 使某人铭记某人/事 (3)impressed adj.(对……)钦佩的/有深刻印象的 be impressed by/with... 对……留下深刻印象；被……所打动 (4)impressive adj.令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的
佳句背诵
①We made/left the impression on the audience that we were determined to win.
我们给观众留下了这样一种印象——我们志在必得。
②My father impressed me with the value of hard work.
→My father impressed the value of hard work on me.
我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。
③We were deeply impressed by/with your method of handling this affair.
你处理这种问题的方法给我们留下了深刻的印象。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①His speech made a strong impression on his audience.
②The teacher impressed the value of honesty on me.
③The girl impressed us with her skillful hands.
句式 突破
Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.[教材P9]
此人一收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到包裹被送到目标收件人手中。
句式分析
本句中的“Once the parcel... person”是Once引导的时间状语从句。
归纳拓展
once作从属连词时，既可以引导时间状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句。once引导的从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来。 1 once引导时间状语从句时，意为“一……就……”，相当于 as soon as。 2 once引导条件状语从句时，意为“一旦……就……”。
佳句背诵
①Once he arrives, we can start.
他一到，我们就可以动身。
②Once you get into a bad habit, you will find it hard to get rid of it.
一旦你养成一个坏习惯，就会发现很难改掉它。
once引导时间状语从句或条件状语从句时，如果从句主语与主句主语一致且谓语中含有be动词的某种形式，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，引导词后直接跟名词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等。
I am sure Mr White's latest play, once (it is) staged, will be a great success.
我敢肯定，怀特先生的新剧一旦上演，将会获得巨大成功。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①Once I get(get) him a job, he'll be fine.
②Once you understand this rule, you will_have(have) no further difficulty.
完成句子
③We didn't know how we would cope once_the_money_had_gone.
一旦钱花光了，我们就不知道该怎么办了。
过去时态的被动语态
语法 讲习
一、过去时态的被动语态的结构
1．一般过去时的被动语态：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词
A big cake was made for us yesterday by my mother.
昨天我妈妈为我们做了一个大蛋糕。
2．过去进行时的被动语态：was/were being＋及物动词的过去分词
Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then.
那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
3．过去完成时的被动语态：had been＋及物动词的过去分词
By the time he got to the school, the first class had been finished.
他到学校的时候，第一节课已经结束了。
即时演练1
完成句子
①Trees were_being_planted over there by
them at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他们正在那边种树。
②It was the first time that the actress's performance had_been_recognised by the director.
这是第一次这位女演员的表演得到导演的认可。
③The house is quite old. It was_built in 1950.
这座房子很古老了。它是1950年建造的。
二、过去时态的被动语态的注意事项
1．主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。在主动语态中，make、hear、see等词后接不定式要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。
We saw him sitting there without doing anything.
→He was seen sitting there without doing anything.
我们看见他坐在那里无所事事。
2．含有带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的直接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接宾语变为主语。
My father was telling me an interesting story.
→An interesting story was being told to me by my father.
→I was being told an interesting story by my father.
爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。
3．短语动词在主动语态中是不可分割的，在被动语态中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。
The old man was often laughed at.
那位老人经常受人嘲笑。
即时演练2
单句语法填空
①This time, he was made to_face(face) a problem.
②The schoolbag is bought for me by my mother.
③The children were looked after very well in the school.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Students learned the practical application of the theory(理论) they had learned in the classroom.
2．The opened link is used to join the two ends of the chain(链子)．
3．The office network(网络) allows users to use a central printer.
4．Whatever I saw on my trip gave me a very deep impression(印象)．
5．She burst into tears, releasing(释放) all her pent up emotions.
6．The survey used a random(随机的) sample of two thousand people across the Midwest.
7．There is a parcel(包裹) and some letters for you.
8．This journal is bimonthly(两月一次的) and that one quarterly.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The person referred to at the conference just now was an expert in this field.
2．The choice of decor is/was_inspired(inspire) by a trip to India.
3．Our teacher impressed the importance(important) of knowledge on us.
4．It was all because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us.
5．Every day the milkman delivers milk to our house.
6．It was the first time that he had_been_bitten(bite) by a dog.
7．When they got home they found that their house had_been_broken(break) into and a lot of valuable things stolen.
8．Li Ping said that his bike was_being_repaired(repair)then, so he walked to school.
9．The flowers were so lovely that they were_sold(sell) in no time.
10．The students were made to_copy(copy) the text.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．I didn't know whom she was referring_to when she said that.
我不知道当她说那些时指的是谁。
2．The traffic accident led to a_chain_of events.
这起交通事故导致了一连串的事件。
3．Based_on his previous performance, we believe that he is capable of handling this project.
根据他以前的表现，我们相信他有能力处理这个项目。
4．I had to go to work by taxi because my car was_being_repaired at the garage.
我得乘出租车去上班，因为我的车正在修理厂修理。
5．He said his son was_not_allowed_to_use_the_computer without permission.
他说在没有许可的情况下他的儿子不能使用这台电脑。
课时作业(一) Section Ⅱ LESSON 1
HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE？
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You should know this memorable phrase(短语；词组)．
2．I recently signed up to a bimonthly(两月一次的；一月两次的) magazine.
3．They emailed a random(随机的，随意的) group of people.
4．The researchers will release(发表，发布) the results later.
5．It sounds fine in theory(理论), but will it work
6．When the parcel(包裹) arrived, the book was in good condition.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．What might be your first impression(impress) of this man
2．Once caught(catch) smoking in the dormitory, the students will be punished.
3．With our knowledge based(base) on practice, we can make great contributions to our society.
4．It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.
5．While giving a speech, he referred(refer) to his notes occasionally.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“群体智慧”效应。
1．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation.
B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors.
D．The design of Galton's experiment.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，当大量的且各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计由此推知，本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B项。
答案：B
2．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A．the crowds were relatively small
B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate
D．estimates were not fully independent
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. ”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. ”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体之后平均值更准确。由此推知，即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D项。
答案：D
3．What did the follow up study focus on
A．The size of the groups.
B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.
D．The individual estimates.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds ”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题可知，后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C项。
答案：C
4．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous. ”可知，作者认为虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此推知，作者对于纳瓦斯的研究表示赞许和支持。故选D项。
答案：D
Ⅳ.完形填空
Contrary to popular belief, the secret to confident public speaking is not about getting rid of your nerves. The key is to redefine your anxiety as __1__.
A few years ago, my team and I led a leadership communication training program for a large financial institution. One banking manager in particular was incredibly __2__ about public speaking.
__3__ the fact that she had a warm personality which might __4__ speaking, the idea of speaking in public __5__ her to the point of near paralysis(崩溃，瘫痪)．
But rather than __6__ her nervousness, every time she had to get up and __7__ to our group, she would exclaim, “That's __8__！” And we'd all laugh with her __9__ we knew it really meant—“I'm terrified！” And in spite of the nerves, her presentations were very __10__. That phrase became an inside reference within our small group: Every time someone was __11__ before speaking, they'd shout, “that's amazing！” when they stood up and we'd all __12__.
Anxiety and excitement are actually very, very __13__， but anxiety and calmness are too far apart. When we tell people to calm down before a big public speech, we're actually suggesting something that's incredibly __14__. So focusing on excitement rather than trying to calm down actually contributes to __15__.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了与普遍的看法相反，自信的公开演讲的秘诀并不是摆脱紧张，试图冷静下来，而把注意力放在兴奋上实际上有助于提高表现。
1．A.curiosity B．joy
C．courage D．excitement
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.curiosity好奇；B.joy快乐；C.courage勇气；D.excitement兴奋。 根据上文“Contrary to popular belief, the secret to confident public speaking is not about getting rid of your nerves.”和下文“Anxiety and excitement are actually very, very __13__” 可知，关键是把你的焦虑重新定义为兴奋。 故选D项。
答案：D
2．A.depressed B．optimistic
C．puzzled D．anxious
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.depressed抑郁的；B.optimistic乐观的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.anxious焦虑的。 根据下文“the idea of speaking in public __5__ her to the point of near paralysis(瘫痪，崩溃)”可知，这位银行经理对公开演讲极其焦虑。 故选D项。
答案：D
3．A.Despite B．Above
C．Against D．As
解析：考查介词词义辨析。A.Despite尽管；B.Above高于；C.Against反对；D.As因为。 根据语境可知，尽管她有一个热情的个性，这可能会增强她的演讲效果，但是在公共场合演讲的想法吓得她到了近乎崩溃的地步。前后两句是让步关系。 故选A项。
答案：A
4．A.enhance B．fade
C．affect D．blow
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.enhance增强；B.fade褪色；C.affect影响；D.blow打击。 根据上文 “she had a warm personality”可知，她有一个热情的个性，这可能会增强她的演讲效果。 故选A项。
答案：A
5．A.scared B．discouraged
C．inspired D．exposed
解析：考查动词词义辨析。 A．scared使害怕；B.discouraged使泄气；C.inspired启发；D.exposed暴露。根据下文“to the point of near paralysis(崩溃，瘫痪)”可知，在公共场合演讲的想法吓得她到了近乎崩溃的地步。 故选A项。
答案：A
6．A.hide B．conquer
C．reveal D．control
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.hide隐藏；B.conquer征服；C.reveal揭露；D.control控制。 根据下文“she would exclaim”可知，她不隐藏自己的紧张。故选A项。
答案：A
7．A.turn B．present
C．sign D．direct
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.turn转向；B.present陈述；C.sign打手势；D.direct指导。 根据下文“her presentations”可知，每次她必须起身给我们小组陈述。 故选B项。
答案：B
8．A.ridiculous B．incredible
C．unbelievable D．amazing
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.ridiculous荒谬的；B.incredible难以置信的；C.unbelievable难以置信的；D.amazing惊人的。 下文“they'd shout，‘that's amazing！’”与设空处相呼应。故选D项。
答案：D
9．A.until B．if
C．because D．unless
解析：考查连词词义辨析。 A．until直到……为止；B.if如果；C.because因为；D.unless除非。根据上文“she would exclaim, ‘That's __8__！’ And we'd all laugh with her”可知，我们都会和她一起笑，因为我们知道这句话的真正意思是“我吓坏了！”。故选C项。
答案：C
10．A.engaging B．encouraging
C．plain D．explicit
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.engaging吸引人的；B.encouraging鼓舞人心的；C.plain平凡的；D.explicit明确的。 根据上文“in spite of the nerves”可知，尽管她很紧张，但她的演讲非常有吸引力。故选A项。
答案：A
11．A.excited B．nervous
C．energetic D．annoyed
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.excited兴奋的；B.nervous紧张的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.annoyed烦恼的。根据上文“That phrase became an inside reference within our small group”和下文“before speaking, they'd shout, ‘that's amazing！’”可知，那句话成了我们小组内部的一个参考语：每次有人在演讲前有一点小紧张，都会大喊：“太棒了！”。故选B项。
答案：B
12．A.compromise B．sympathize
C．compensate D．condemn
解析：考查动词词义辨析。 A．compromise妥协；B.sympathize同情；C.compensate赔偿；D.condemn谴责。根据上文“Every time someone was __11__ before speaking, they'd shout, ‘that's amazing！’ when they stood up”可知，当他们站起来的时候，我们都会表示同情。 故选B项。
答案：B
13．A.distant B．confusing
C．different D．close
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.distant远处的；B.confusing混乱的；C.different不同的；D.close近的。 根据下文“anxiety and calmness are too far apart”可知，焦虑和兴奋实际上非常接近，但是焦虑和平静差别很大。故选D项。
答案：D
14．A.unique B．regular
C．difficult D．obscure
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.unique独特的；B.regular常规的；C.difficult困难的；D.obscure晦涩难懂的。 根据上文“When we tell people to calm down before a big public speech, we're actually suggesting something that's incredibly”可知，当我们告诉人们在公开演讲前要冷静下来的时候，我们实际上是建议他们做一件无比困难的事情。故选C项。
答案：C
15．A.evaluation B．expectation
C．performance D．impression
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.evaluation评估；B.expectation期望；C.performance表现；D.impression印象。根据上文“focusing on excitement rather than trying to calm down”可知，把注意放在兴奋上而不是试图冷静下来实际上更有助于人们的表现。故选C项。
答案：C
Section Ⅲ LESSON 2 COMMUNITY SPIRIT
听说 技能
Step 1 Listening
Ⅰ.听录音前翻译下列单词
1．additionally adv.除此之外，此外
2．closely knit adj.紧密联结在一起的
3．frequently adv.经常地，频繁地
4．household n．一家人，同住一栋房子的人
5．outskirts n．市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区
6．bond n．纽带，联系
7．consequence n．后果
Ⅱ.听录音并完成下列题目
1．Finish Activity 3 & Activity 4 on Page 12.
2．Finish Activity 6 & Activity 7 on Page 13.
Ⅲ.听完录音后翻译句子
1．In the 1950s, heart attacks were an epidemic in the USA, but doctors found there was hardly a Rosetan below 65 who'd experienced one.
在20世纪50年代，心脏病在美国是一种流行病，但医生发现65岁以下的罗塞托人几乎没有患过心脏病。
2．According to an earlier study about Roseto, researchers found that the reason for the low rate of Rosetans' heart attacks was the community itself.
根据一项关于罗塞托镇的早期研究，研究人员发现罗塞托人心脏病发病率低的原因是社区本身。
3．We lived in a sort of house, with two small rooms, not like the big houses today.
我们住在一种有两个小房间的房子里，不像今天的大房子。
Step 2 Talking
Ⅰ.谈论你的社区
The things people do：visit each other, respect elderly people, ...
Community spirit：look after each other, ...
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.句式仿写
1．Mum always tells me her hometown is small, but this is...
妈妈总是告诉我她的家乡很小，但是这……
[仿写句子]
妈妈总是告诉我她的家乡很小，但是这就像一个大城市。
Mum always tells me her hometown is small, but this_is_like_a_big_city.
2．We were friendly to each other, just like...
我们彼此很友好，就像……
[仿写句子]
我们彼此很友好，就像一个大家庭。
We were friendly to each other, just like a_kind_of_big_family.
词汇 精讲
1．additionally adv.除此之外，此外
[教材P110]Additionally, there was very little crime. 此外，犯罪率很低。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①Additionally, we have to take practical action to improve our present social atmosphere.
除此之外，我们还要采取实际行动来改善我们目前的社会风气。
②In addition to French，he has to study Japanese.
除了法语外，他还得学习日语。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①An additional charge is made for the goods in addition to that charge.(addition)
②Additionally(addition), your body language will also give out a lot more information.
2．consequence n．后果
[教材P110]Well, the consequences of the change followed quickly. 嗯，变化的结果很快就发生了。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①She was over the age limit and, in consequence/as a consequence/as a result, her application was rejected.
她超过了年龄上限，因此她的申请被拒绝了。
②In consequence of/As a consequence of/As a result of your bad work, I am forced to dismiss you.
因为你工作不好，所以我只能解雇你。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①He had been ill for a long time and consequently (consequent) he fell behind in his work.
同义句转换
②I got up late. Consequently I was late for work.
→I got up late, and in_consequence/as_a_consequence/as_a_result,_I was late for work.
完成句子
③Many people believe that poverty is a_direct_consequence_of_over_population.
许多人认为贫困是人口过多直接造成的后果。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The experience created a very special bond(纽带) between us.
2．Heart disease is usually the consequence(结果) of years of poor health.
3．Additionally(此外), we shall make sure that foreign funds are more effectively utilized.
4．When I was a boy, the beach was one of the places I frequently(频繁地) went to.
5．She was organizing and running a large household(一家人)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．He walked too slowly, and as_a_consequence he was late for the first bus.
2．The team consists_of members from different clubs.
3．In_addition_to the names on the list there are six other applicants.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Mountain climbing must be very tiring. In_addition,_you might feel sick with the air getting thinner.
爬山一定很累。此外，随着空气变得稀薄你可能感到恶心。
2．In_consequence/As_a_consequence/As_a_result,_she became resentful and suspicious.
结果，她变得满腹怨恨和疑心重重。
Section Ⅳ LESSON 3 ANNE OF GREEN GABLES
原文 呈现
Marilla saw Matthew in the front yard and immediately rushed to the door. But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff①， ugly dress, with the long red hair and the eager, bright eyes, she froze② in amazement③. “Matthew Cuthbert, who's that？” she asked. “Where is the boy？”
“There wasn't any boy，” said Matthew. “There was only her.” He nodded at the child, remembering that he had never even asked her name.
“No boy! But there must have been a boy，” insisted Marilla. “We sent word④ to Mrs Spencer to bring a boy.”
“Well, she didn't. She brought her. She arrived at the train station and couldn't be left there alone⑤.”
During this dialogue the child had remained silent⑥. Suddenly she seemed to grasp⑦ the full meaning of what had been said【1】. She sprang⑧ forward a step and clasped⑨ her hands. “You don't want me！” the girl cried. “You don't want me because I'm not a boy! I might have expected【2】 it. I might have known it was all too beautiful to last. I might have known nobody really did want me. Oh, what am I going to do I'm going to burst into tears⑩！”
读文 清障
①stiff adj.挺的，硬的，不易弯曲的
②freeze vi.&vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结
③in amazement 惊讶地
④word n．[U]消息；信息
⑤leave sb. alone 不管某人；不理睬某人；让某人一个人待着
⑥remain silent 保持沉默
⑦grasp vt.掌握；理解；抓住
⑧spring vi.跃起
⑨clasp vt.握紧，抱紧 n．紧握，紧抱
⑩burst into tears 突然大哭起来
【1】what 引导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。
【2】might have done sth.表示“本可能做某事”。
玛丽拉看见马修到了前院，就立刻冲到门口。但当她的目光落在那个衣服不合身又难看、留着红色长头发、眼睛热切而明亮的古怪小人身上时，她惊呆了。“马修·卡斯伯特，她是谁？那个男孩子呢？”她问道。
“没有男孩子，只有她在那里。”马修答道。他向那孩子点了点头，突然想起自己甚至还没有问过女孩的名字。
“没有男孩子！可是一定得有个男孩子，”玛丽拉坚持道，“我们给斯宾塞太太捎口信要带个男孩子来的呀。”
“好吧，她没有。斯宾塞太太带了她来。她到了火车站，总不能把她一个人扔在那里吧。”
俩人说话时，这孩子一声不吭。突然，她似乎完全明白了他们说话的意思。她冲上前去，双手紧握。“你们不想要我！”她大喊道，“你们不想要我，就因为我不是男孩子！我本应该料到。我本应该知道这件事太美好而无法持久。我本应该想到没人真得想要我。哦，我该怎么办呀？我马上就要哭出来了！”
原文 呈现
Burst into tears she did. Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she proceeded to cry stormily . Marilla and Matthew looked at each other. Neither of them knew what to say or do. Finally Marilla stepped in to try to comfort the child. “Well, well, there's no need to【3】 cry so about it.”
“Yes, there is need！” The child raised her head, revealing a tear stained face. “You would cry, too, if you were an orphan and had come to a place you thought was going to be home and found that they didn't want you because you weren't a boy.”
“Well, don't cry anymore. We're not going to send you off tonight. You'll have to stay here until we investigate this affair. What's your name？”
“Anne，” said the child sadly.
“Well, come along, Anne. It's dinner time.” They all sat down for dinner but Anne could not eat. She tried to enjoy the bread and butter and the apple jam out of the little glass dish by her plate but she had no appetite .
读文 清障
bury vt.掩盖；使陷入；把……插入(某物)
proceed vi.继续进行，继续做
stormily adv.激烈地
tear stained adj.有泪痕的
appetite n．胃口；食欲
【3】There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事。
她立刻哭了起来。一下坐到桌边的椅子上，扑到桌上，脸埋在臂弯里，放声大哭。玛丽拉和马修面面相觑，都不知道该说些什么，也不知道该做点什么。最后玛丽拉走上前试着安慰这个孩子。“好啦，好啦，没必要为这事儿哭成这样。”
“有，有必要！”那孩子抬起头，露出一张泪痕斑斑的脸。“如果你是个孤儿，来到一个原以为会成为自己家的地方，却发现他们并不想要你，因为你不是个男孩子，你也会哭的。”
“好了，别再哭了。今晚我们不会送你走的。在我们搞清楚这件事之前，你不得不待在这里。你叫什么名字？”
“安妮。”孩子悲伤地说。
“好的，来吧，安妮。该吃晚饭了。”他们都坐下来吃晚饭，但安妮吃不下。她试着吃点儿面包、黄油和摆在她盘子旁边小玻璃碟里的苹果酱，但她一点胃口都没有。
原文 呈现
“You're not eating anything，” said Marilla sharply, eying her as if it were a serious problem. Anne sighed. “I can't. I'm in the depths of despair . Can you eat when you are in the depths of despair？”
“I've never been in the depths of despair, so I can't say，” responded Marilla.
“Weren't you Well, did you ever try to imagine you were in the depths of despair？”
“No, I didn't.”
“I guess she's tired，” said Matthew. “Best put her to bed, Marilla.”
Marilla had been wondering where Anne should be put to bed【4】. She decided on the small bedroom. She lit a candle and told Anne to follow her, which Anne did, taking her hat and bag from the hall table as she passed. The hall was perfectly clean; the little room in which she found herself【5】 seemed still cleaner.
读文 清障
as if 好像
in the depths of despair 陷入绝望的深渊
decide on 决定
light a candle 点燃蜡烛
【4】where引导的宾语从句，作wondering的宾语。
【5】in which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词room。
“你什么都没吃。”玛丽拉严厉地说，眼睛盯着她，好像这是个严重的问题。安妮叹了口气。“我吃不下。我彻底绝望了。你彻底绝望的时候还能吃得下东西吗？”
“我从来没有彻底绝望的时候，所以没法回答。”玛丽拉回答道。
“你没有过吗？好吧，那你有没有试着想象自己陷入了绝望的深渊？”
“不，我没想过。”
“我想她一定是累了，”马修说，“最好让她去睡觉吧，玛丽拉。”
玛丽拉一直在想应该让安妮睡在哪里。她最后决定(将她)安排在一间小卧室里。她点了根蜡烛，叫安妮跟着她。安妮跟了上来，路过大厅时从桌子上拿起了自己的帽子和包。大厅非常干净，她发现自己进来的这间小屋似乎更干净。
原文 呈现
Marilla set the candle on a three legged table and turned down the bedclothes. “Well, undress as quick as you can and go to bed. I'll come back in a few minutes for the candle. I daren't trust you to put it out yourself. You'd likely set the place on fire.”
When Marilla had gone, Anne looked around her sadly. The whitewashed walls were so painfully bare. The floor was bare, too. In one corner was the bed, a high, old fashioned one of dark wood.【6】 Midway between table and bed was the window, with an icy white curtain over it. There was no restroom, but there was a wash stand with a faucet in the other corner. The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming, which sent a shiver through Anne's bones. With a sob she quickly undressed, put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow and pulled the clothes over her head【7】．
读文 清障
put out 熄灭；扑灭
set... on fire 放火烧/点燃……
bare adj.空的，无装饰的；赤裸的，裸露的
shiver n．&vi.颤抖，哆嗦，发抖
【6】介词短语置于句首，句子用全部倒装。
【7】where 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词bed。
玛丽拉把蜡烛放在一张三腿桌上，铺开床褥。 “好了，赶快脱掉衣服上床睡觉吧。几分钟后我会回来拿蜡烛。我可不敢让你自己熄灭蜡烛。你很可能会烧了这个地方。”
玛丽拉走后，安妮悲伤地环顾四周。墙壁粉刷得雪白，什么装饰也没有。地板上也空荡荡的。角落里有一张床，一张高高的老式深色木床。桌子和床的中间有一扇窗，窗上挂着一块冰冷的白色窗帘。房间里没有洗手间，但另一个角落有一个带水龙头的洗漱台。整个房间让人感到寒冷而陌生，这使得安妮浑身打了个冷战。她抽泣着，迅速脱下衣服，换上睡衣，跳到床上，把脸埋在枕头里，拉过被子蒙住了脑袋。
原文 呈现
When Marilla came up for the light, she saw the untidy way the clothing had been thrown on the floor. She carefully picked up Anne's clothes, placed them neatly on a yellow chair, and then, taking up the candle, went over to the bed. “Good night，” she said, a little awkwardly, but not unkindly.
Anne's white face and big eyes appeared over the bedclothes. “How can you call it a good night when you know it must be the very worst night I've ever had？” she said disapprovingly. Then she dived down into the bedclothes again.
To bed went Matthew. And to bed, when she had put her dishes away， went Marilla, frowning most resolutely. And upstairs, in the east gable, a lonely, heart hungry, friendless child cried herself to sleep.
读文 清障
pick up 捡起；拾起
neatly adv.整齐地
take up 拿起
disapprovingly adv.不同意地
dive vi.扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水
put away 收起来；放好
resolutely adv.坚决地，坚定地
玛丽拉回来取蜡烛时，看到安妮的衣服乱七八糟地扔在地上。她仔细地捡起安妮的衣服，整齐地放在黄色的椅子上，然后拿起蜡烛，走到床边。 “晚安。”她说，口气有些生硬，但透着一丝温情。
安妮从被子里露出苍白的脸蛋和大眼睛。“你明明知道这一定是我度过的最糟糕的一晚，还说什么晚安呢？”她反驳道。然后她又钻进了被子里。
马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。楼上东山墙那边的房间里，一个孤独、心灰意冷、没有朋友的孩子，哭泣着进入了梦乡。
语言 知识
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．adopt vi.&vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等→adopted adj.收养的，领养的→adoption n．收养；采用
2．freeze vi.&vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结→freezing adj.结冰的；极冷的→frozen adj.冻结的
3．amazement n．吃惊，惊奇→amaze vt.使吃惊→amazing adj.令人惊奇的→amazed adj.惊奇的；惊讶的
4．investigate vi.&vt.查明，调查，侦查→investigation n．调查
5．resolutely adv.坚决地，坚定地→resolute adj.坚决的；有决心的→resolution n．决心；解决
6．proceed vi.继续进行，继续做
7．reveal vt.展现，显露；揭示，揭露
8．dive vi.扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．put away 收起来；放好
2．take up 拿起
3．pick up 捡起；拾起
4．put out 熄灭；扑灭
5．decide on 决定
6．set... on fire 放火烧/点燃……
Ⅲ.教材原句
1．“too... to...”句型
I might have known it was all too_beautiful_to_last.
我本应该知道这件事太美好而无法持久。
2．全部倒装句型
To_bed went Matthew.
马修上床睡觉了。
语篇 细研
Ⅰ.根据课文选择最佳选项
1．What did Anne look like when she arrived
A．She looked like a boy.
B．She was a little beautiful.
C．She had bright eyes.
D．She had long blue hair.
答案：C
2．Why did Anne want to eat nothing when it was time for dinner
A．Because she didn't like the food.
B．Because she didn't like the new place.
C．Because she wanted to go back home.
D．Because she was in the depths of despair.
答案：D
3．Which of the following is NOT true about Anne's bedroom
A．It was a mess.
B．The whitewashed walls were so painfully bare.
C．In one corner was the bed.
D．There was no restroom, but there was a wash stand with a faucet in the other corner.
答案：A
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
When Matthew arrived with the little girl, Marilla froze in 1.amazement(amaze) because Mrs Spencer promised she was going to send 2.a boy. When Anne grasped the meaning of their conversation, she burst into 3.tears(tear). Marilla had no idea how 4.to_comfort(comfort) her. When she tried, the girl 5.revealed(reveal) a tear stained face and told her she was in the 6.depths(deep) of despair. Marilla asked Anne to stay for the night 7.and she would investigate the affair. Later she 8.brought(bring) Anne to a little bedroom. Anne undressed and dived down into the bedclothes. Marilla said she would return for the candle as she dared not leave it for the child to put out. 9.When she returned, she said “Good night” awkwardly but not unkindly. Anne was still upset and 10.crying(cry).
词汇 精讲
1．adopt vi.&vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等；正式通过；表决采纳；选定；选举
[教材P14]They apply to adopt a boy from an orphanage as they need help on their farm. 他们申请领养孤儿院的一个男孩，因为他们的农场需要帮助。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①The couple are unable to have children of their own, but hope to adopt.
这对夫妇自己不能生育，但希望领养孩子。
②All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.
三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。
[联想总结]
adapt v．适应；改编
adapt (oneself) to (doing) sth. (使某人自己)适应(做)某事
be adapted from... 由……改编
巧学活用
写出下列句中adopt 的汉语意思
①He adopted an air of indifference.采用
②Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan. 领养
③The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting.正式通过
单句语法填空
④Paul's mother had him adopted(adopt) because she couldn't look after him herself.
⑤He was pleased by the adoption(adopt) of a little girl.
2．leave alone 不管；不理；不打扰；不干涉；顺其自然；不动
[教材P14]She arrived at the train station and couldn't be left there alone. 她到了火车站，总不能把她一个人扔在那里吧。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①Leave the boy alone. He can make up his own mind.
别管这个男孩。他会自己作决定的。
②You've left out the most important word in this sentence.
你在这一句中漏掉了最重要的一个词。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful world.
②A map maker might have left the crossing off a paper map.
③I have told you before—leave my things alone.
3．burst v．(使)爆裂，胀开；猛冲；突然出现 n．突发；迸发；爆裂
[教材P14]I'm going to burst into tears! 我马上就要哭出来了！
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①The little girl burst into laughter on hearing this funny story.
听到这个有趣的故事，这个小女孩大笑了起来。
②The police burst into the room and caught the thief.
警察闯入房间，抓住了小偷。
③A burst of hand clapping followed the ending of the song.
歌声结束后接着响起了一阵掌声。
burst into和burst out 都可以表示“突然……起来”，但是burst into＋n.，而burst out＋动词 ing形式。
burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起来
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①With the play going on, she burst out singing(sing)．
②He burst into the room while we were studying.
③His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause.
完成句子
④Hearing this, the whole class burst_into_laughter/burst_out_laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.
听到这句话，全班同学都突然大笑起来，我同桌的脸红了。
4．look around 环顾；四下里看
[教材P15]When Marilla had gone, Anne looked around her sadly. 玛丽拉走后，安妮悲伤地环顾四周。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①I'm looking around for a place to live in.
我正在四处找地方住。
②I will look up to you.
我会尊敬你的。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①I must look through these bills and check them before I pay them.
②I look up to him because he's a real artist.
③The police are looking into the disappearance of two children.
④We looked back on the first night we had arrived.
⑤Don't look away from the person who's talking to you.
句式 突破
1．I might have known it was all too beautiful to last.[教材P14]
我本应该知道这件事太美好而无法持久。
句式分析
本句中的“too beautiful to last”为“too... to...”句型，意为“太……而不能……”，too修饰形容词或副词，to 后接动词原形。
归纳拓展
“too... to...”句型不表示否定意义的情况： (1)too之后跟的是表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词，如glad、 eager、 anxious、 happy、 ready、 nervous、 pleased 等。 (2)当“too... to...”句型中含有not 或never等否定词时，构成双重否定，表示肯定。 (3)当too前有only、 just、 simply、 all、 but等词时，是强调肯定的表示法，意为“非常……”“十分……”“实在……”“真是太……”等。
佳句背诵
①I'm too busy to discuss it with you.
我太忙，没时间和你讨论。
②He is too eager to know the result of the exam.
他急于想知道考试结果。
③You will be never too careful to go across the street.
过马路时，你再小心也不为过。
④She was just too touched to see you.
见到你她太激动了。
巧学活用
同义句转换
①The house is not cheap enough for me to buy.
→The house is too_expensive for me to_buy.
②Hearing the news, the teacher was so delighted.
→The teacher was too_delighted_to_hear the news.
完成句子
③It's too_hot_for_us_to_work.
天太热，我们无法工作。
④I am too_eager_to_travel_around_the_world.
我非常想环球旅行。
2．To bed went Matthew.[教材P15]
马修上床睡觉了。
句式分析
本句为全部倒装句型，表示强调，正常语序为Matthew went to bed.。
归纳拓展
全部倒装的三种常见情况： 1 表示地点、方位或时间的副词 如here、 there、 now、 then、 in、 out等 位于句首作状语，谓语动词为go、 come等表示位移的动态动词时，通常用全部倒装。 2 表示方位的介词短语位于句首时，通常用全部倒装。 3 在主系表结构的句子中，出于强调的目的，把表语提前，构成全部倒装。
佳句背诵
①Then came the moment we had been looking forward to.
我们一直盼望的时刻来了。
②Just in front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years.
就在我们的房子前面，有一棵拥有一千年历史的大树。
巧学活用
完成句子
①Then_came_the_bad_news that Dolly had
become seriously ill.
接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。
②Especially_popular_are the musical and theatrical groups.
特别受欢迎的是音乐组和戏剧组。
③In_a_lecture_hall_sits/sat a professor.
讲座大厅里坐着一位教授。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Different methods can be adopted(采用) to solve a problem.
2．We're not sure whether we still want to proceed(继续做) with the sale.
3．In her class, we don't dare(胆敢) to say a word unless she asks us to.
4．His head struck the bottom when he dived(急冲进) into the 6 feet end of the pool.
5．The police are investigating(调查) possible links between the murders.
6．He remained resolutely(坚决地) opposed to the idea.
7．All those around him looked at him in amazement(惊讶)．
8．Details of the murder were revealed(揭示)by the local paper.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The suggestion that we have a group of these records printed as soon as possible was_adopted(adopt) by the committee yesterday.
2．When the ice is heated above freezing(freeze) point, it begins to change into a liquid state.
3．Someone might burst out laughing(laugh) when they understand a joke.
4．She is still under investigation(investigate)．
5．She rushed downstairs and burst into the kitchen.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．We are never_too_old_to_learn.
活到老，学到老。
2．We are discussing what_to_do_next.
我们正在讨论接下来做什么。
3．The problem is_too_difficult_for_me_to_work_out.
这道题太难了，我做不出。
4．There_comes_a_time_when one must be responsible for his/her mistakes.
到了一个人必须要为自己所犯的错负责的时候了。
课时作业(二) Section Ⅳ LESSON 3 ANNE OF GREEN GABLES
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Lance put his head in the doctor's desk in despair(绝望)．
2．He didn't reveal(揭露) his secret plan to us.
3．The school decided to adopt(采取) new methods of teaching foreign languages.
4．She likes to walk around in bare(赤裸的) feet.
5．They had to take the final decision to let the visit proceed(继续进行)．
6．Never frown(皱眉), even when you are sad.
7．He rubbed his arms and stiff(僵硬的) legs.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Americans always drive to supermarkets to buy frozen(freeze) food for the week.
2．The police are_investigating(investigate) the robbery now.
3．It was such a special moment that I found myself sobbing(sob) with joy.
4．To his amazement(amaze), he found 46 ancient gold coins in the pot.
5．When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
6．There is no need to_worry(worry) about things you cannot control.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A large conch(海螺) shell brought little attention in a French museum for many years, but it is now quickly gaining attention. The shell is thought to be the oldest known seashell instrument. And it still works, producing a deep sound, like a foghorn from the distant past.
The shell was found during the exploration of a cave with prehistoric wall paintings in the Pyrenees Mountains in southwestern France. It was believed to be a ceremonial drinking cup. Scientists from the University of Toulouse in France took a fresh look at the conch shell. They now believe it was changed thousands of years ago to serve as a wind instrument. They also invited a French horn player to play it.
The researchers estimate it to be about 18,000 years old. Conch shells have been used widely in musical and ceremonial traditions, including in ancient Peru, Greece, Japan and India. The shell instrument found in the Marsoulas cave is now the oldest known example. Earlier, Gilles Tosello, another archaeologist in Toulouse, said a conch shell instrument found in Syria was estimated to be about 6,000 years old.
The latest discovery was made after an inventory at the Natural History Museum of Toulouse. The researchers noticed some unusual holes in the shell. Especially important is that the end of the shell was broken off. That created a hole large enough to blow through. Inspections with a microscope showed that the opening was made by humans. “It was not accidental breakage or wear，” Tosello said.
This discovery reminds us that ancient people's lives were more complex than making stone tools and hunting large animals. “Marsoulas cave is not near an ocean. So the prehistoric people must have either moved around or traded to get the shell，” the researchers said.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个大海螺壳多年来在法国一家博物馆里几乎没有引起人们的注意，但现在它引起了人们的注意，科学家认为它曾是一种管乐器。
1．What's the conch shell found in France actually
A．A tool.
B．A decoration.
C．A drinking cup.
D．A musical instrument.
解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段的“They now believe it was changed thousands of years ago to serve as a wind instrument. They also invited a French horn player to play it.”可知，在法国发现的海螺壳是一种乐器。 故选D项。
答案：D
2．What can be learned from Paragraphs 2 and 3
A．Researchers explored the cave in order to find the horn.
B．Scientists got wrong with the estimation of the shell at first.
C．Conch shells have been widely used all over Europe.
D．According to archaeologists, the shell found in Syria is the oldest one.
解析：推理判断题。 根据第二段的“It was believed to be a ceremonial drinking cup. Scientists from the University of Toulouse in France took a fresh look at the conch shell. They now believe it was changed thousands of years ago to serve as a wind instrument.”可知，科学家起初对贝壳的猜测是错误的。 故选B项。
答案：B
3．What made it possible for the shell to turn into a horn
A．A large hole at the end.
B．A telescope.
C．Some accidental breakage.
D．A natural opening.
解析：细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段的“Especially important is that the end of the shell... blow through.”可知，末端有一个大洞是使海螺壳得以变成喇叭的原因。 故选A项。
答案：A
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．Ancient people lived a more complex life.
B．Musical instrument changed a lot over time.
C．An ancient musical conch shell was discovered.
D．Scientists disagreed on the use of conch shells.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据最后一段“This discovery reminds us that... the researchers said.”可知，文章旨在通过海螺壳可能是古代乐器来说明古代人类生活的丰富多彩。故选A项。
答案：A
Ⅳ.七选五
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