UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
话题阅读 导入主题
Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu
This site is located in Qufu, Shandong Province, and is a memorial to Confucius. The site is huge. On the ground, there are more than 900 halls and rooms. The building that people visit most is the Temple of Confucius. Besides the temple, visitors can enjoy the grounds outside, where there are more than 1,000 stone tablets and over 100,000 tombs.
Old Town of Lijiang
This site is a few hours bus ride away from the ancient city of Dali in Yunnan Province. Surrounded by fields, mountains and rivers, the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer.
Each year, many foreign tourists visit the Old Town, and the place is like “Venice in the East” to them. There are narrow alleys, pretty streams, small stone bridges and houses with carved doors and painted windows.
(节选自北师大版 选择性必修第一册UNIT 3)
[词海拾贝]
①memorial n．纪念碑；纪念馆
②tablet n．牌，碑，匾
[佳句精析]
Surrounded by fields, mountains and rivers, the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer.
分析：分析句子可知，Surrounded在此处为过去分词的形式，其逻辑主语为the Old Town of Lijiang，与surround构成被动关系，表示被环绕。
译文：丽江古城，山川纵横，在春夏两季犹如一块玉墨石。
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
温馨提示 课前自主预习课文见本书257页Experience the iconic features of Australia
基础 自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The foundation(创建) of this university took place over 100 years ago.
2．The British political(政治的) system has evolved over several centuries.
3．Heavy rain is one of the features of the climate near the equator(赤道)．
4．The two pieces are stuck together so well that you can hardly see the joint(关节)．
5．His work on the cause of the diseases is of premier(首要的) importance to the whole world.
6．Caraway has a nutty smell and is also a herb(药草) useful to digestion.
7．Hitler was as great a butcher(刽子手) as the world has seen.
8．I don't like to hear his hollow(空洞的) words.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．The store, which was_located_in the town center, sold fish, meat, rice, sugar, sandwiches and flour for workers.
2．In the era, referred_to as the Dutch Golden Age, colonies and trading posts were established all over the globe.
3．Many new varieties have been introduced into the botanical garden, some of which are_not_native_to Hawaii, that is to say, they are alien.
4．This course is an elective course for undergraduates who major_in Chinese.
5．We will do everything we can do to accommodate you and make you feel_at_home.
Ⅲ.教材原句
1．It is/was time (for sb.) to do sth. 是 (某人)该做某事的时候了。
It's_almost_time_for_me_to say goodbye to Australia.差不多是我跟澳大利亚说再见的时候了。
2．It is said that... 据说……
It_is_said_that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.据说现在将近一半的澳大利亚公民要么自己出生于海外，要么父母出生于海外。
语篇 细研
Ⅰ.阅读课文并连线
1．25 Sep A．Reflections on multiculturalism
2．1 Oct B．Preparing to travel
3．3 Oct C．First impressions
4．6 Oct D．Aborigines and the didgeridoo
答案：1—B 2—C 3—D 4—A
Ⅱ.阅读课文并选出最佳选项
1．The author kept the blog to ________.
A．visit a friend there
B．record his experiences
C．do some research on the country
D．learn about some iconic sites
答案：B
2．Which of the following food is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．The Sunday roast.
B．Bean curd.
C．Dim sim.
D．Kung Pao Chicken.
答案：D
3．Which of the following happened on 3 October
A．Being brought to the first open air barbecue.
B．Reading about some iconic sites.
C．Sharing many different but yummy meals with his friend.
D．Learning how to play the didgeridoo.
答案：D
4．What impressed the author most during his visit
A．The complicated mix of peoples and cultures.
B．The people themselves.
C．The tourism slogan.
D．The lifestyle of the local people.
答案：A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Before travelling to Australia, I had already done some research on the country, 1.learning(learn) about some iconic sites and animals. On October 1st, I arrived in Sydney, and tasted varieties 2.of local food, 3.guided(guide) by my friend. On October 3rd, my friend and I arrived in a town in Australia's Northern Territory 4.to_learn(learn) about the life and customs of the Aborigines, 5.who are native to Australia. One of their musical instruments, 6.called(call) the didgeridoo, is made from a tree branch which is hollow. The player has to change the shape of his mouth in order to change pitch. I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I 7.was_convinced(convince) that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! It was almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia on October 6th. My 8.biggest(big) impression is the complicated mix of peoples and 9.cultures(culture) that make up the nation. After experiencing Australia, I have to say that I agree with 10.the tourism slogan：“There's nothing like Australia.”
词汇 精讲
1．foundation n．创建；基础；地基
[教材原句] The foundation of Australia 澳大利亚的建立
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
The rumour is without foundation.＝The rumour has no foundation.
这谣传毫无根据。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)The explosion shook the foundations(foundation) of the houses nearby.
(2)Her family founded(found) the college in 1895.
单句写作
(3)建筑工人现在正开始给新校舍打地基。
The builders are now beginning to lay_foundations of the new school.
2．on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说
[教材原句]The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand, led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs...另一方面，受亚洲文化的影响……还引入了豆腐和(用于调味的)亚洲药草。
[归纳拓展]
on the one hand... on the other hand... 一方面……；另一方面 却 …… 引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等
for one thing... for another... 一则……；二则…… 用于引出并列的理由
first ly ...；second ly ... 第一……；第二…… 表示顺序
[佳句背诵]
On (the) one hand, I have strong belief that I will do well in the exam; on the other hand, I feel a bit nervous，though it's not difficult.
一方面，我坚信我会在考试中做得很好；另一方面，虽然不难，我仍感觉有点紧张。
[巧学活用]
单句写作
(1)通常来讲，一方面，你到达的时间不要晚于规定时间，早几分钟最好；另一方面，你最好带一些小礼物，例如你们国家的特产食品或饮料。
Generally speaking, on_(the)_one_hand,_your arrival shouldn't be later than the fixed time, and a few minutes earlier is the best; on_the_other_hand,_you'd better bring some little gifts, such as a special food or drink from your country.
(2)我不打算买这辆汽车；一则我不喜欢这种颜色，二则它太贵了。
I'm not going to buy the car; for_one_thing I don't like the color, and for_another it's far too expensive.
3．be in contact with... 与……保持联系；和……接触
[教材原句] To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature.为了在大洋中的这片辽阔的陆地上生存，澳大利亚土著居民必须与大自然保持密切的联系。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
Have you been in contact with your classmates after graduation
你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？
[巧学活用]
同义句转换
(1)You'd better make contact with him as soon as possible.
→You'd_better_get_in_contact_with_him_as_soon_as_possible.
完成句子
(2)We have_kept/been_in_contact_with(与……保持联系) each other for more than ten years by correspondence.
(3)I met him at a meeting, and then we lost/were_out_of_contact(失去联系) with each other.
4．breathe v．呼吸
[教材原句]He does this by continually breathing in through his nose while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo.他通过不断地用鼻子吸气， 同时用嘴巴呼气，吹入迪吉里杜管中。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
His illness is a result of breathing polluted air over many years.
他的病是多年吸入受污染的空气引起的。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)Breathe in,_breathe out,_and pay attention to your breath(breathe) as it comes in and goes out.
单句写作
(2)风景美得令他惊叹。
The beauty of the scene took_his_breath_away.
(3)这个体弱的女孩仅仅跑了5 分钟就气喘吁吁。
The weak girl was_out_of_breath only after five minutes' running.
5．convince vt.使信服；说服
[教材原句]I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument！我试着学习吹奏方法，但经过好几个小时的努力，我只能确信我永远都无法用这个乐器发出乐声！
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
I am fully convinced that I'm the right person for this job.
我完全相信我是这份工作的合适人选。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)We've been trying to convince him to_give(give) up the plan.
(2)You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
句式升级
(3)I'm convinced that you like paper cutting, so I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
→Convinced_that_you_like_paper_cutting,_I'd_like_to_invite_you_to_visit_the_exhibition.(过去分词短语作状语)
6．make up 组成，构成；化妆；编造 (故事、谎言等)；和好；占据
[教材原句] ... my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation.……我最深刻的印象是不同种族和文化的交融构成了这个国家。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
As the saying goes, “Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.”
正如谚语所说：“勤能补拙。”
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)Without my glasses, I couldn't make out whether that figure on the blackboard was a three or an eight.
(2)They quarrelled the other day but made up soon.
单句写作
(3)同时，我下定决心更加努力学习，而不是把宝贵的时间浪费在那些无用的事情上。
At the same time, I made_up_my_mind_to_study_harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.
7．personally speaking 就本人来说，就个人意见
[教材原句]Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia is the people themselves.就我个人来说，澳大利亚让我最喜欢的是这里的人民。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
Personally speaking, his design is superior to yours.
就我个人来说，他的设计要比你的更胜一筹。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
(1)Generally_speaking(一般来说), almost all the kids are curious about how everything around them works.
(2)Frankly_speaking(坦率地说), I think you are mistaken in classifying these subjects.
句式 突破
1．It's almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia.差不多是我跟澳大利亚说再见的时候了。[教材原句]
[句式解构]
本句中的It's almost time for me to say...是固定句型“It is/was time (for sb.) to do sth.”，意为“是 (某人)该做某事的时候了”。
[归纳拓展]
1 It's high/about time that sb. did/should do sth. 到某人做某事的时间了。
2 It/This is the first/second/... time that... 这是第一/第二/第……次…… 从句用现在完成时
It/This was the first/second/... time that... 这是第一/第二/第……次…… 从句用过去完成时
[佳句背诵]
It is high time that we said/should say goodbye.
到了我们说再见的时候了。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)It is time that we took/should_take(take) effective measures to stop the situation from going from bad to worse.
(2)It is the third time that she has_won(win) the race, which has surprised us all.
(3)It was the second time that he had_joined(join) in the discussion about how to deal with the problem.
2．It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.据说现在将近一半的澳大利亚公民要么自己出生于海外，要么父母出生于海外。[教材原句]
[句式解构]
固定句式“It is said that...＝Sb./Sth. is said to do sth.”， 意为“据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
It's said that thousands of works cut by folk artists will be on display, from which we will know the life of people around us.
据说，成千上万的民间艺术家雕刻的作品将被展出，从中我们将了解我们周围人的生活。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)The manager is said to_have_arrived(arrive) back from Paris where he met some European business partners.
(2)The tourist destination is considered to_be(be) one of the most attractive places in China.
(3)It is reported that the film is well received outside China.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Pictures such as the one above had acquired iconic(符号的) status in China.
2．This is the very foundation(基础) for efficient performance, and I believe we have made some good progress in it.
3．His dramas were so popular partly because his writings rode a wave of social, political(政治的) and scientific progress.
4. Located(位于) in the downtown, the supermarket attracts thousands of customers weekly.
5．Thanks to the joint(共同的)efforts, we are optimistic about the battle against the infectious disease.
6．Winston Churchill, a famous premier(首相) of that era, once said, “I never worry about action, but only about inaction.”
7．It is vital to recognize that this sonnet is not as straightforward(简单的) as it may seem to be.
8．When driving, we can often encounter the traffic slogan(口号): Don't let your kids drive if they are not old enough.
9．Every sound we hear is the result of sound waves entering our cars and causing our eardrums to vibrate(颤动)．
10．These performances were always hollow(空洞的)，because the content of this play was out of date.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1. It is said that some leaders are outspoken in their support for the political reform in Kenya.
2．The museum, located(locate) next to the Wuzhen scenic spot, covers an area of 5,000 square meters.
3．Do you know what the main theme reflected(reflection) in Aboriginal music is
4．The island, joined(join) the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
5．The audience held their breath(breathe) as the acrobat walked along the tightrope.
6．The boy tried to convince his mother of his hollow promise.
7．He indicated the location(locate) of the Persian Gulf with a pen on the map.
8．These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint(join) venture.
Ⅲ.利用本单元所学词汇，完成下面短文
1．Located(坐落于) on the coast of the Huanghai Sea, Qingdao is a beautiful city which enjoys great 2.popularity(欢迎) for the 3.vast(巨大的) ocean surrounding it. The 4.unique(独特的) scenery makes it an 5.iconic(标志性的)tourist city. People often 6.refer_to(把……称为) it as the Orient Shining Pearl. What impresses you most is Qingdao's 7.yummy(可口的) seafood. There are many 8.joints(公共场所) which can make you 9.feel_at_home(感到舒适)．People have to say that they agree with the tourism 10.slogan(标语；口号)：“There's nothing like Qingdao.”
课时作业(四) Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The experience laid a solid foundation(基础) for his political career.
2．Living near a bakery(面包房), I always have easy access to newly baked bread.
3．The boys had a barbecue(烧烤) near the woods as well as seeing some koalas.
4．We are sure to get over the temporary difficulties with joint(共同的) efforts.
5．The sound of the horn vibrated(使振动) my ears and almost deafened me.
6．Their slogan was quite straightforward(直接的), saying, “Like it and buy it.”
7．Bamboo is light because it is hollow(空心的)．
8．What iconic(标志性的) brands come to mind when you look around your space
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．On learning that an art exhibition is to be held and that you're collecting suggestions on its location(locate), we all come to life.
2．DNA is different from person to person—it's unique to each other.
3．It is a herb native to China that has been used for centuries as a sweetener.
4．Anyhow, computers play an important part in our daily life.
5．In England, a new music form emerged, called(call) trip hop, a mixture of jazz, hip hop and electronic music.
6．It is said that he drowned when he fell into a river while trying(try) to take hold of the reflection of the Moon.
7．We had never stayed in such an amazing(amaze) room, and we weren't charged extra.
8．By doing(do) well at school, he hoped to win his parents' approval.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．我迫不及待地想尝试演奏迪吉里杜管。
I_can't_wait_to try playing the didgeridoo.
2．几次尝试之后，我坚信我永远不可能用这种乐器发出乐声。
After a few attempts, I_was_convinced_that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument.
3．据说只有肺活量很大的人才能演奏它。
It_is_said_that only those who have good breathing capacity can play it.
4．坦白地说，我认为迪吉里杜管的声音并不好听。
Frankly_speaking,_I don't think the sound of the didgeridoo is pleasant.
5．不管我的看法是什么，它都是一种很有特色的乐器。
Whatever_my_opinion_about_it_is,_it is an instrument with unique characteristics.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5 hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 p．m. every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，以及价格等细节。
1．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount.
B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours.
D．It has over 2,500 rental shops.
解析：推理判断题。根据Why MacBike标题下的“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.”可知，MacBike的优势是提供多种类型的自行车。故选B项。
答案：B
2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A．?15.75. B．?19.50.
C．?22.75. D．?29.50.
解析：数字计算题。根据价格表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。由此推知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要22.75欧元。故选C项。
答案：C
3．Where does the guided city tour start
A．The Gooyer, Windmill.
B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery.
D．Dam Square.
解析：细节理解题。根据Guided City Tours标题下的“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 p．m. every day.”可知，导游城市之旅从水坝广场开始。故选D项。
答案：D
B
[2023·全国甲卷]
Terri Boltonis a_dab_hand when it comes to DIY(do it yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day's work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She says: “I'm sure I wasn't much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents abhouse with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I've moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it's been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能以及DIY项目可能会在女性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。
4．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1
A．An artist. B．A winner.
C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.(她擅长搭架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作。)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项最接近画线短语的意思。故选C。
答案：C
5．Why did Terri's grandfather give her ￡ 5 a day
A．For a birthday gift.
B．As a treat for her work.
C．To support her DIY projects.
D．To encourage her to take up a hobby.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day's work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.(她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年26岁的Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱作为奖励。)”以及“It took weeks and was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.(这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲。)”可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故选B。
答案：B
6．How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A．By making it look like before.
B．By furnishing it herself.
C．By splitting the rent with a roommate.
D．By cancelling the rental agreement.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So, it's been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out.(所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的。)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故选A。
答案：A
7．What trend in DIY does the research show
A．It is becoming more costly.
B．It is getting more time consuming.
C．It is turning into a seasonal industry.
D．It is gaining popularity among females.
解析：细节理解题。通过最后一段中的“the research shows it is women now leading the charge(研究表明，现在是女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
答案：D
Ⅴ.完形填空
When we think of a grocery store, we usually picture aisles of food and everyday necessities. But sometimes, it's also where unexpected __1__ are formed, turning a simple store into a backdrop for heartwarming human connections.
Ellie Walker, __2__ at a British grocery store, was known for her friendly demeanor. Ellie enjoyed the daily chat with customers but never __3__ how deeply these interactions could impact her life.
It was during one of these __4__ conversations that Ellie encountered Edwin Holmes, an elderly regular customer, who __5__ that he had no one to spend Christmas with.
This revelation __6__ a chord in Ellie's heart, as she couldn't bear the thought of Edwin spending the festive season alone.
Edwin had lost his wife in 2006 after 45 years of marriage. His family, including a daughter and grandchildren, lived in Australia, making it __7__ for them to be together during the holidays. This left Edwin facing the prospect of a __8__ Christmas.
Upset about Edwin's situation, Ellie decided to __9__ a gesture of kindness. She invited him to join her for a Christmas meal, hoping to __10__ a memorable and joyous experience for both of them.
“I thought, if it was my granddad and he was alone, I would want someone to talk to him.” Ellie's invitation to Edwin was more than just a kind __11__. It was a start of their friendship.
From that memorable Christmas dinner, a beautiful friendship __12__. Ellie and Edwin began meeting regularly for coffee, sharing stories and enjoying each other's __13__.
Their relationship, which started with __14__ conversations in a grocery store, had __15__ a meaningful and enduring friendship.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从杂货店里的随意交谈开始，Ellie和老顾客Edwin Holmes发展了一段有意义和持久的友谊。
1．A.techniques B．bonds
C．ideas D．steps
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但有时，它也是意想不到的纽带形成的地方，把一个简单的商店变成了温暖人心的人际关系的背景。A.techniques技术；B.bonds纽带；C.ideas想法；D.steps台阶。根据后文“turning a simple store into a backdrop for heartwarming human connections”和“had __15__ a meaningful and enduring friendship”可知，它也是意想不到的纽带形成的地方，这个地方促使两人友谊纽带的产生。故选B项。
答案：B
2．A.candidate B．participant
C．employee D．volunteer
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ellie Walker是英国一家杂货店的员工，她以友好的举止而闻名。A.candidate候选人；B.participant参与者；C.employee员工；D.volunteer志愿者。根据后文“Ellie enjoyed the daily chat with customers”可知，Ellie喜欢每天与顾客聊天，所以Ellie Walker是英国一家杂货店的员工。故选C项。
答案：C
3．A.planned B．meant
C．argued D．anticipated
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ellie喜欢每天与顾客聊天，但从未预料到这些互动会对她的生活产生如此深远的影响。A.planned计划；B.meant打算；C.argued争辩；D.anticipated预料。根据后文“how deeply these interactions could impact her life”和“Their relationship, which started with __14__ conversations in a grocery store, had ___15__ a meaningful and enduring friendship.”可知，Ellie从未预料到这些互动会对她的生活产生如此深远的影响。故选D项。
答案：D
4．A.routine B．positive
C．bitter D．amusing
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在一次平常的谈话中，Ellie遇到了老顾客Edwin Holmes，他透露没有人陪他过圣诞节。A.routine平常的；B.positive积极乐观的；C.bitter苦的；D.amusing有趣的。根据前文“Ellie enjoyed the daily chat with customers”可知，Ellie喜欢每天与顾客聊天，所以这也是一次平常的谈话。故选A项。
答案：A
5．A.agreed B．revealed
C．requested D．debated
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.agreed同意；B.revealed透露；C.requested请求；D.debated辩论。根据后文“that he had no one to spend Christmas with”可知，老顾客Edwin Holmes透露了自己的私人情况，即没有人陪他过圣诞节。故选B项。
答案：B
6．A.charged B．outgrew
C．struck D．overlooked
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个透露触动了Ellie的心弦，因为她无法忍受Edwin独自度过节日的想法。A.charged指控；B.outgrew超过；C.struck引起(强烈感情)；D.overlooked忽视。根据后文“a chord in Ellie's heart”可知，这个透露触动了Ellie的心弦。struck a chord“触动心弦，激起了共鸣”。故选C项。
答案：C
7．A.cautious B．impossible
C．competitive D．sympathetic
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的家人，包括一个女儿和外孙们，都住在澳大利亚，这使得他们在假期里不可能在一起。A.cautious谨慎的；B.impossible不可能的；C.competitive有竞争力的；D.sympathetic同情的。根据前文“His family, including a daughter and grandchildren, lived in Australia”和后文“together during the holidays”可知，亲人都住在澳大利亚，这使得他们在假期里不可能在一起。故选B项。
答案：B
8．A.lonely B．warm
C．shared D．delightful
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让Edwin面临着一个孤独的圣诞节。A.lonely孤独的；B.warm温暖的；C.shared共有的；D.delightful使人快乐的。根据前文“he had no one to spend Christmas with”和“His family, including a daughter and grandchildren, lived in Australia, making it __7__ for them to be together during the holidays.”可知，没有人陪他过圣诞节，这让Edwin面临着一个孤独的圣诞节。故选A项。
答案：A
9．A.extend B．command
C．discipline D．assign
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：对Edwin的情况感到不安，Ellie决定提供一个友好的姿态。A.extend提供；B.command命令；C.discipline训练；D.assign分配。根据后文“She invited him to join her for a Christmas meal”可知，她邀请他和她一起吃圣诞大餐，Ellie提供了一个友好的姿态。故选A项。
答案：A
10．A.allow B．beg
C．remind D．create
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她邀请他和她一起吃圣诞大餐，希望为他们俩创造一个难忘而快乐的经历。A.allow允许；B.beg乞求；C.remind提醒；D.create创造。根据前文“She invited him to join her for a Christmas meal”和后文“a memorable and joyous experience for both of them”可知，她邀请他和她一起吃圣诞大餐，从而创造一个难忘而快乐的经历。故选D项。
答案：D
11．A.fear B．prejudice
C．gesture D．temptation
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ellie对Edwin的邀请不仅仅是一种友好的姿态。A.fear害怕；B.prejudice偏见；C.gesture姿态；D.temptation引诱。根据前文“...a gesture of kindness. She invited him to...”可知，Ellie对Edwin的邀请不仅仅是一种友好的姿态。故选C项。
答案：C
12．A.conducted B．stressed
C．blossomed D．remembered
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那次难忘的圣诞晚餐开始，一段美好的友谊开始了。A.conducted进行；B.stressed强调；C.blossomed成功发展；D.remembered记住。根据前文“From that memorable Christmas dinner, a beautiful friendship”可知，从她邀请他和她一起吃圣诞大餐开始，他们的友谊也开始发展了。故选C项。
答案：C
13．A.company B．comfort
C．entertainment D．leisure
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ellie和Edwin开始定期见面喝咖啡，分享故事，享受彼此的陪伴。A.company陪伴；B.comfort舒适；C.entertainment娱乐；D.leisure闲暇。根据前文“Ellie and Edwin began meeting regularly for coffee, sharing stories”可知，Ellie和Edwin开始定期见面喝咖啡，分享故事，这是他们彼此的陪伴。故选A项。
答案：A
14．A.delicate B．casual
C．difficult D．potential
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的关系从杂货店里的随意交谈开始，已经发展成为一段有意义和持久的友谊。A.delicate精致的；B.casual随意的；C.difficult困难的；D.potential潜在的。根据前文“It was during one of these __4__ conversations that Ellie encountered Edwin Holmes, an elderly regular customer, who __5__ that he had no one to spend Christmas with.”和后文“conversations in a grocery store”可知，他们的关系从一次平常的谈话中，老顾客Edwin Holmes透露没有人陪他过圣诞节开始，从杂货店里的随意交谈开始。故选B项。
答案：B
15．A.put about B．taken in
C．struggled for D．grown into
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意同上题。A.put about散布；B.taken in理解；C.struggled for为……而斗争；D.grown into成长为，变为。根据前文“started with __14__ conversations”和后文“a meaningful and enduring friendship”可知，他们的关系从杂货店里的随意交谈开始，发展成为友谊。故选D项。
答案：D
Ⅵ.语法填空
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 1.________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2.________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), 3.________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4.________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5.________ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6.________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 7.________ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8.________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 9.________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10.________ (want) more next time.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包。
1．解析：考查词性转换。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的包子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和甜甜的鲜肉，无疑是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词修饰名词soup。故填tasty。
答案：tasty
2．解析：考查固定搭配。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须决定是先咬一个小口，让热气释放出来，同时冒着溢出汤汁的风险，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether to do sth.意为“是否做某事”。故填to bite。
答案：to bite
3．解析：考查固定搭配。句意同上题。whether... or...意为“是……还是……”，是固定搭配。故填or。
答案：or
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰home。故填recognized。
答案：recognized
5．解析：考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——皮厚汤少，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand意为“用手”，是固定搭配。故填by。
答案：by
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼里拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”是固定搭配。lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)之间是动宾关系，应用被动式。故填to be lifted。
答案：to be lifted
7．解析：考查代词。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，应用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词contents。故填their。
答案：their
8．解析：考查固定搭配。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈且美味。a touch of意为“一点点；稍许”，是固定搭配。故填a。
答案：a
9．解析：考查词性转换。句意：无论我在哪里买，一屉都不够，而两屉看上去太贪心，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子结构可知，应用副词作状语修饰形容词enough。故填rarely。
答案：rarely
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，此处是“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，本句是被动语态，I与want之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填wanting。
答案：wanting
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
复习过去分词
语法 讲习
1．过去分词(短语)作定语
(1)过去分词作定语的用法
过去分词(短语)作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成被动关系。单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词后。过去分词(短语)作定语一般可转换为一个定语从句。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.＝We must adapt our thinking to the conditions that changed.我们必须调整思路来适应改变了的情况。
(2)过去分词作定语的注意点
①过去分词修饰something、everything、anything、nothing、somebody、nobody 等不定代词以及指示代词these、those等时，要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。
②单个的过去分词有时置于名词后作定语，表示强调。
The information gained is very precise.获取的信息很准确。
③有些过去分词作前置定语与作后置定语时意义不同。
in the given time 在既定的时间内
with the words given 用所给的单词
④及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成的意义，如：fried chips (炸薯条)。不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成，不表示被动，如：fallen leaves(落叶)。
2．过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语，作宾语补足语的多是及物动词。
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词 (词组)，如 feel、hear、listen to、see、watch、observe、look at、notice、find 等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。
I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
(2)表示某种状态的动词，如have、make、get、keep、leave 等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。
(3)表示思维活动的动词，如consider、know、think等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。
I considered the matter resolved.我认为这件事解决了。
(4)with复合结构中可以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。
He stood for an instant with his hand raised.他举着手站了一会儿。
With everything considered, his plan is superior to yours.全面考虑的话，他的计划要比你的好。
3．过去分词(短语)作状语
(1)过去分词(短语)作状语的用法
过去分词(短语)作状语时，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。过去分词(短语)在句中作状语，放在句首时，后面常用逗号与句子隔开；放在句尾时，前面常用逗号与句子隔开。
Given another chance, I will do it much better.如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。 (条件状语)
Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.因为做得匆忙，他的作业错误百出。(原因状语)
He stood there silently, moved to tears.他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。(伴随状语)
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语的注意点
①过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。
Greatly touched by his words (＝Because she was greatly touched by his words), she exploded with tears.由于被他的话深深地感动了，她放声哭了起来。
②过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为并列分句。
The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (＝and was followed by two students)．老师走进了房间，后面跟着两个学生。
③状语从句在改为分词(短语)作状语时，从句的连词有时可保留，构成“连词＋过去分词(短语)”结构作状语。
If heated, water can be turned into water vapour.＝If it is heated, water can be turned into water vapour.水如果被加热，就会变成水蒸气。
④过去分词 (短语)的独立结构
过去分词 (短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则， 过去分词 (短语)前应加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词 (短语)被称为过去分词 (短语)的独立结构。过去分词 (短语)的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。
The project finished (＝After the project was finished), they had a two weeks' leave.完成那项工程后，他们休了两周假。
4.过去分词作表语
(1)过去分词作表语的用法
①过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，多位于系动词之后。这些系动词有be、remain、feel、seem、look、become等。
She looked disappointed.她看上去很失望。
②有些过去分词作表语时，已经具有了形容词的性质，最常见的有：amazed、delighted、disappointed、discouraged、amused、astonished、tired、satisfied、pleased、surprised、worried、excited、annoyed、puzzled等。
We were amazed at the beauty of the lake.这个湖泊的美使我们感到惊奇。
He looked puzzled so I repeated the question.他好像并没听懂，所以我把问题重复了一遍。
③过去分词作表语与被动语态相似，区别在于过去分词作表语表示的是一种状态或状况，而被动语态表示的是一个被动的动作，且后面常跟by短语。比较下面两组句子：
(2)过去分词与动词 ing形式作表语的区别
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词， 其动词 ing形式意为“令人……的”，多用来形容物；其过去分词意为“感到……的”，多用来形容人、人的声音或表情等。这类词常见的有：
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. Absorbed(absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
2. Advocated(advocate) by the public, the project will be put into practice.
3. Given(give) more time, they are expected to do it perfectly.
4. Caught(catch) in a heavy traffic jam, the taxi driver began to chat with his passenger to kill time.
5．When left(leave) alone, the baby soon began to feel bored.
6．We set out for a journey, filled(fill) with excitement.
7．All the students seated(seat), the papers were handed out.
8. Settled(settle) in a peaceful way, everything returned to normal again.
9．Once performed(perform), the play was well received by the public.
10. Faced(face) with such a difficult problem, he decided to ask for some good advice from his colleagues.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．被控告犯有欺诈罪，他被判处十年监禁。
Accused_of_cheating,_he was sentenced to ten years in prison.
2．专心于读书，他没有注意到外面发生的事情。
Absorbed_in_reading,_he didn't notice what was happening outside.
3．这本由一名中学生写的书很受青少年的欢迎。
The book written_by_a_middle_school_student is popular with teenagers.
4．如果你想被别人尊重，你得先尊重别人。
If you want to make_yourself_respected,_you are above all to respect others.
5．如果再多给点儿时间，我们会把这件工作做得更好。
Given_more_time,_we would have done the work better.
课时作业(五) Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When the government came to power, the salesman was named minister(部长) of culture.
2．If you have an urge to get away from your daily stress, you can find a quiet place near your house and make it a getaway(适合度假的地方)．
3．When none of his friends wanted to join him for a night dive(潜水), he declared he would go anyway.
4．He finally won his freedom (自由) after twenty years in jail.
5．If you do not have domain(领域) knowledge of the literary area, try to work with people that can provide this knowledge.
6．It is calculated that as much as a third of the world's trade passes through the Malacca Strait(海峡)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1. Lost(lose) in thought, he didn't find the water boiling.
2．The little child was frightened by the cloned(clone) dinosaur.
3．Reading the newspaper bought(buy) this morning, my husband became very glad.
4．From his excited(excite) look, we knew he'd been admitted to a key university lying in Shanghai.
5．There is a note pinned(pin) to the door saying when the shop will open again.
6．A committee consisting(consist) of three members has been created to interview the chosen candidates.
7．I'm thrilled to see the culture presented(present) in such an amazing way.
8．Keeping the medicine exposed_(expose) to the sun for a long time will reduce its effect.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
[2023·全国甲卷]
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的) experiences. It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.Lan
Bo.Lan has been making waves in Bangkok's culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard to find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine's roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candlelit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry there's a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia's 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些关于从哪里开始曼谷美食之旅的建议。
1．What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A．They adopt modern cooking methods.
B．They have branches in London.
C．They have top class chefs.
D．They are based in hotels.
解析：细节理解题。根据Nahm下的“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.”以及Issaya Siamese Club下的“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant.”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是都有一流的厨师。故选C项。
答案：C
2．Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A．Gaggan.
B．Bo.Lan.
C．Issaya Siamese Club.
D．Nahm.
解析：细节理解题。根据Bo.Lan下的“For those extremely hungry there's a large set menu.”可知，Bo.Lan提供大型套餐。故选B项。
答案：B
3．What is special about Gaggan
A．It hires staff from India.
B．It puts on a play every day.
C．It serves hard to find local dishes.
D．It shows the cooking process to guests.
解析：细节理解题。根据Gaggan下的“The best table in this two story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人们展示烹饪过程。故选D项。
答案：D
B
Human's fingerprint can be seen across the planet today, from the pyramids to the skyscrapers and from roads to agriculture. But what would the world look like if humans had never existed
A scientist has painted a picture of the world without modern humans. “I think it would be an overgrowing place with a wealth of animals ranging across all continents，” said Gilbert Williams, a biologist in Australia.
Human beings have shaped the world at the expense of many species, from the dodos to dinosaurs, which we drove to extinction through unsustainable activities. The extinction rate on Earth today is more than 100 times what it would be without humans. In other words, human beings hit this planet like an asteroid from space, and the “dust” is still affecting the livelihood of wildlife.
Scientists also believe human beings played a key role in the disappearance of large mammals. Without humans, massive animals would live across Europe. Meanwhile, the Americas would be home to bears and elephants, along with unique species like giant mammoths(猛犸象). “In a world without humans, there would be a much bigger diversity of large mammals，” Dr Gilbert said. They survived climate changes and likely could have survived to the present day were it not for the pressure humans placed on them.
The climate might also be different. Though activities such as the burning on fossil fuels, human beings have a great impact on Earth's climate by raising the average global temperature. Earth, therefore，would have been much cooler without us.
However, human beings are not the only intelligent creatures on this planet. There're no reasons why other intelligent animals couldn't have evolved like that eventually, given enough time. “Removing us might have opened the door for others，” Dr Gilbert said. “Maybe they would make all the same mistakes that we've done. Who knows？”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述人类在地球上演变进化、生存发展，留下了不可磨灭的印记。本文根据科学家的猜想，讲述了如果没有人类的存在，地球上的物种、气候等方面会发生的变化。
4．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage
A．By telling a joke.
B．By giving details.
C．By listing problems.
D．By raising a question.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Human's fingerprint can be seen across the planet today，from the pyramids to the skyscrapers and from roads to agriculture. But what would the world look like if humans had never existed？(今天，从金字塔到摩天大楼，从道路到农业，人类的指纹在地球上随处可见。但如果人类从未存在过，世界会是什么样子呢？)”可知，文章第一段先列举了人类在地球上留下的印记，然后用一个问题提出一个大胆的假想——如果没有人类的存在，世界会怎样。这种写作手法能引起读者的好奇以及进一步读下去的欲望，故选D。
答案：D
5．What is the purpose of the underlined word “asteroid” in Paragraph 3
A．To stress the damage humans brought to wildlife.
B．To reduce environmental pollution on this planet.
C．To praise efforts humans made to shape the world.
D．To show high expense of protecting many species.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In other words，human beings hit this planet like an asteroid from space, and the ‘dust’ is still affecting the livelihood of wildlife.(换句话说，人类像小行星一样从太空撞击地球，“灰尘”仍然影响着野生动物的生计。)”可知，作者用了比喻的手法，把人类对地球物种的冲击比作小行星撞击地球，表明人类会对地球的物种造成伤害，故选A。
答案：A
6．What can we infer about huge mammals from Dr Gilbert
A．Their diversity is smaller than before.
B．They added pressure on human beings.
C．Their activities caused global warming.
D．They disappeared due to climate changes.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Scientists also believe human beings played a key role in the disappearance of large mammals. Without humans，massive animals would live across Europe.(科学家还认为，人类在大型哺乳动物的消失中起了关键作用。如果没有人类，大型动物将生活在整个欧洲。)”和“‘In a world without humans, there would be a much bigger diversity of large mammals，’ Dr Gilbert said.(“在一个没有人类的世界里，大型哺乳动物的多样性会大得多，”吉尔伯特博士说。)”可知，人类造成了大型动物的消失和物种的减少，说明大型动物的多样性比以前小了，故选A。
答案：A
7．What would happen if human beings were removed according to Dr Gilbert
A．Dinosaurs might return to this planet.
B．There would be no pollution any more.
C．Other smart creatures might come to power.
D．Intelligent animals would avoid making mistakes.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“However，human beings are not the only intelligent creatures on this planet. There're no reasons why other intelligent animals couldn't have evolved like that eventually, given enough time. ‘Removing us might have opened the door for others，’ Dr Gilbert said. ‘Maybe they would make all the same mistakes that we've done. Who knows？’(然而，人类并不是这个星球上唯一有智慧的生物。如果有足够的时间，其他高智商动物没有理由最终不能进化成这样。“把我们赶走可能会为其他生物打开大门，”吉尔伯特博士说。“也许它们会犯和我们一样的错误。谁知道呢？”)”可知，地球上如果没有人类，就像给其他高智商动物开了一扇门，让它们有机会进化到跟人类一样接管地球，故选C。
答案：C
Ⅳ.七选五
I have sometimes given money to beggars. __1__ Please let me explain why.
First, for every dollar that we give to a beggar, the more profitable we make begging and, comparatively, the less profitable we make working. This is bad, for we want people to work, not beg. Working is productive while begging is at best neutral and often a burden. Second, the beggar who receives the money might spend it on alcohol or drugs. __2__
When I went to elementary school, I remember that I was very moved by a song named Streets of London. The song tells a heartbreaking story about some of London's poorest, an old man in particular. Not long ago, however, when I heard the song on the radio, it struck me that the man in the song does not live that horrible a life after all. Judging from the lyrics of the song, the man has shoes, and occasional access to a newspaper. __3__ So why should you give money to the beggar in the developed world instead of the starving child in Africa
It might be harsh to claim that it is immoral to give money to Western beggars. After all, it seems reasonable that you can spend the money as you like. __4__ If our aim is to benefit ourselves, then giving money to beggars is not suitable. If our aim is to benefit others, then giving money to beggars is also wasteful.
In seeking to help others, we should not merely give to those who are geographically close to us and whose appearance arouses our sympathy. __5__ To achieve this, we should first decide how much we are willing to spend helping others, and then donate money to the most efficient charity.
A．Many people die of hunger in Africa.
B．True as it might be, we should spend our money wisely.
C．Why not donate money to those in need of financial aid
D．Upon reflection, however, I have come to change my mind.
E．You almost certainly spend money helping the wrong people.
F．In a world where thousands die of hunger every day, that's a pretty comfortable life.
G．Rather, we should aid those who are the least responsible for the situation they're in.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要结合作者的经历，就不应该给乞讨者钱阐述了自己的看法。文章最后指出，我们真正应该帮助的是那些无法改变自己处境的人。
1．解析：根据上文“I have sometimes given money to beggars.(我曾经拿钱给乞讨的人。)”和下文“Please let me explain why. (让我解释一下为什么。)”以及下文陈述作者不再给乞讨者钱可推知，作者的态度发生了变化。D.“Upon reflection, however, I have come to change my mind.(然而，经过深思熟虑，我改变了想法。)”符合文意。故选D项。
答案：D
2．解析：根据上文“Second, the beggar who receives the money might spend it on alcohol or drugs.(第二，那些收到钱的乞讨者可能把钱用来酗酒或者吸毒。)”可知，这样的话好心人的钱就花在了错误的人身上。E.“You almost certainly spend money helping the wrong people.(你几乎肯定把钱花在了帮助错误的人上。)”符合文意，选项中的wrong people就指上文的“who receives the money might spend it on alcohol or drugs”。故选E项。
答案：E
3．解析：下文“So why should you give money to the beggar in the developed world instead of the starving child in Africa？(因此，你为什么要把钱给那些发达世界的乞讨者，而不是给非洲那些挨饿的孩子呢？)”与F.“In a world where thousands die of hunger every day, that's a pretty comfortable life.(在一个每天都有数千人死于饥饿的世界里，那是一种相当舒适的生活方式。)”承接自然，选项是下文提出反问的依据，此外下文的starving对应选项中的“die of hunger”。故选F项。
答案：F
4．解析：根据上文“It might be harsh to claim that it is immoral to give money to Western beggars. After all, it seems reasonable that you can spend the money as you like.(说给西方乞讨者钱是不道德的可能有点苛刻。毕竟，你自己的钱，你想怎么花都是合理的。)”以及下文“If our aim is to benefit ourselves, then giving money to beggars is not suitable. If our aim is to benefit others, then giving money to beggars is also wasteful. (如果我们的目标是对自己好，那么给乞讨者钱是不合适的；如果我们的目标是为了他人好，那么给乞讨者钱也是一种浪费。)”可推知，虽然钱是我们自己的，但我们要明智地花钱，不要把钱花在不必要的人身上。B.“True as it might be, we should spend our money wisely.(尽管如此，我们应该明智地花钱。)”符合语境，且选项中的it就指上文的“it seems reasonable that you can spend the money as you like”。故选B项。
答案：B
5．解析：上文“In seeking to help others, we should not merely give to those who are geographically close to us and whose appearance arouses our sympathy.(在寻求帮助别人时，我们不应该仅仅对那些地理位置上靠近我们或外表引起我们同情的人给予帮助。)”与G.“Rather, we should aid those who are the least responsible for the situation they're in.(相反，我们应该帮助那些对他们的处境最无力改变的人。)”承接自然，上下文构成明显的转折关系，且话题一致，讲述了我们不仅要帮助那些离我们近或者让我们同情的人，而更应该帮助那些无法改变自己处境的人。故选G项。
答案：G
Ⅴ.语法填空
[2022·全国乙卷]
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，which was named officially 1.________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.To celebrate 2.________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 3.________ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the 4.________ (large) tea producing country，China has a 5.________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 6.________ (share) future for mankind，” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 7.________ cultural exchanges. A four year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
8.________ (strengthen) the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 9.________ (invite) twenty nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony，opening 10.________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。
1．解析：考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在11月27日命名”。表示被动，由by引出动作的执行者。故填by。
答案：by
2．解析：考查定冠词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。根据语境，这里特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
答案：the
3．解析：考查动词时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上发言致辞。根据前文内容“a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday”可知，这里是陈述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。
答案：addressed
4．解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
答案：largest
5．解析：考查词性转化。句意同上题。根据空处前面的不定冠词a可知，后面应该接可数名词的单数形式，responsible是形容词，其名词形式是responsibility。故填responsibility。
答案：responsibility
6．解析：考查过去分词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作前置定语来修饰后面的名词future。动词share和名词future之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
答案：shared
7．解析：考查并列连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。根据句意，international cooperation和cultural exchanges并列作宾语，用and连接。故填and。
答案：and
8．解析：考查动词不定式。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表示目的，需要用不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To strengthen。
答案：To strengthen
9．解析：考查现在分词。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
答案：inviting
10．解析：考查形容词性物主代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句子结构可知，名词exhibition应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填its。
答案：its
Section Ⅲ Using Language
课前自主预习课文见本书260页THE AMAZING ANIMALS OF AUSTRALIA
基础 自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The Red Cross organized the distribution(分发) of food and clothing in the disaster area.
2．He weighed out the tobacco and put it in the pouch(小袋子)．
3．The branch has separated from the trunk(树干) of the tree.
4．Accidents on that highway are happening with increasing frequency(发生率)．
5．The male hunts for food while his mate guards the nest(鸟窝)．
6．The male leaves the female to hatch(孵化) her eggs and looks for food.
7．He has a great capacity(能力) for learning languages.
8．He tried to see over the fence(栅栏) but it was too high.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in comparison to/with， a sense of， have a capacity of， a handful of， a flock/flocks of
1．Many people believe that we are born with a_sense_of humour, which I think is ridiculous.
2．While tending her garden, she pulled out a_handful_of small carrots and planned to make something to eat with some flour.
3．More importantly, those who didn't have a sleep had decreased capacities to work and memorize in_comparison_to/with those who napped after lunch.
4．This year, the maximum production of this car plant is 250,000 and it is intended to have_a_capacity_of at least 250,000 vehicles next year.
5. A_flock/Flocks_of mockingbirds were singing a cheerful morning chorus before I got up.
Ⅲ.教材原句
1．with 复合结构
Our topic today is “Creatures Unique to Australia”， with_questions_answered by wildlife expert, Dr Jim Smith.我们今天的话题是“澳大利亚特有的生物”，由野生动物专家吉姆·史密斯博士回答问题。
2．until 引导时间状语从句
They sleep and drink milk in that temporary, protected environment until_they_are_about_seven_or_eight_months_old.大约七八个月大之前，它们一直待在那个暂时受保护的环境里睡觉和吃奶。
语篇 细研
Ⅰ.阅读课文并填空
Part Key words of the part
Part 1 The 1.kangaroos of Australia.
Part 2 The 2.koalas of Australia.
Part 3 The 3.Tasmanian_devils of Australia.
Part 4 The 4.duck billed_platypuses of Australia.
Ⅱ.阅读课文并选择最佳选项
1．How many animals are mainly talked about in the passage
A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6.
答案：B
2．Which of the following is FALSE about baby kangaroos
A．They weigh only two kilogrammes at birth.
B．They then find their way into their mother's pouch to stay safe and warm.
C．They live in their mother's pouch for about seven or eight months.
D．They learn to be independent after learning to jump.
答案：A
3．The government has made laws to forbid touching koalas because ________.
A．koalas are very cute creatures
B．koalas spend quite a lot of time eating, sleeping, and hanging onto tree trunks
C．it benefits animal protection, as well as public safety
D．koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact
答案：C
4．Duck billed platypuses are not any kind of bird because ________.
A．they may lay eggs in a nest
B．their eggs hatch after about ten days
C．the baby platypus nurses from its mother
D．they are covered in hair
答案：C
词汇 精讲
1．distribution n．分布；分配；分发
[教材原句]It has to be the kangaroo, as it has a wide distribution throughout the country.毫无疑问是袋鼠，因为这种动物广泛分布于全国。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
This species of dolphin is widely distributed worldwide.
这种海豚广泛分布在世界各地。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)We distributed some presents such as books and school bags to/among them.
(2)Who will take charge of the distribution(distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims
单句写作
(3)我告诉这些留学生茶叶广泛分布于全国。
I told those international students that tea is_widely_distributed all over the country.
2．approach v．(在距离或时间上)靠近，接近；接洽；建议；要求 n．(待人接物或思考问题的)方式，方法，态度
[教材原句]So, if you see one in the wild, you shouldn't approach it to pick it up or even touch it.所以，如果你在野外看到一只，你不应该靠近它去捡它，甚至触摸它。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.
学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)Panic swept through the swimmers as they saw the shark approaching(approach)．
(2)Oil prices have_approached(approach) their highest level for almost ten years.
单句写作
(3)他的新英语教学法很受学生欢迎。
His_new_approach_to_teaching_English was very popular among the students.
3．make sure 确保；确信；查明；弄清楚
[教材原句] ... where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact...……那里的动物专家确保每个时间段挑选的考拉状态都良好，可以与人接触……
[归纳拓展]
make sure of/about/that... 确保……；弄清楚……；查明……
be sure of/about/that... 对……有把握；确信……
be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事；务必去做某事
for sure 确定地，无疑地
[佳句背诵]
He tells jokes to make sure that we are interested in his class.
他讲笑话来确保我们对他的课感兴趣。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)I think he lives there but I can't say for sure.
(2)You'd better make sure of/about the exact time of the comedy.
单句写作
(3)为了确保我们都身体健康， 她为我们制订了具体的计划。
In_order_to_make_sure_all_of_us_are_in_good_health,_she makes specific plans for us.
4．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解；被弄懂
[教材原句] If you are out camping in Tasmania and come across one，the experience might scare you! 如果你在塔斯马尼亚野营时遇到一只，那经历可能会吓到你！
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
He came across some old photos in the case.
他在箱子里偶然翻到了一些旧照片。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)I'll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short journey.
(2)When important questions come up,_the members often lose their dignified ways and shout at each other.
(3)They came up with a practical solution at the meeting.
5．capacity n．容量；容积；能力；领悟(或理解、办事)能力； 职位；职责；生产量，生产能力
[教材原句]It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill. 它拥有一种能用嘴里的电传感器在水中找到食物的能力。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
She has an enormous capacity for hard work.
她特别能吃苦耐劳。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)Two water tanks provide a total capacityof 400 litres.
(2)To make the computer work at full capacity, the programmer has to think like the machine.
单句写作
(3)我真钦佩他的工作能力。
I really admire his_capacity_for work.
6．a handful of 少数人(或物)；一把(的量)
[教材原句] There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that! 世界上只有很少的动物可以那样做！
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people.
我设法租了一所足够大的房子以容纳一部分人。
[巧学活用]
单句写作
(1)我们邀请了二十个人，但只有少数人来了。
We invited twenty people, but only a_handful_of_them came.
(2)一群羊在草原上来回走动。
A_flock_of_sheep are ranging over the grassland.
(3)嘴里满是食物时和别人说话是不礼貌的。
It is bad manners to speak to others with a_mouthful_of_food.
句式 突破
1．Our topic today is “Creatures Unique to Australia”， with questions answered by wildlife expert, Dr Jim Smith.我们今天的话题是“澳大利亚特有的生物”，由野生动物专家吉姆·史密斯博士回答问题。[教材原句]
[句式解构]
本句中的with questions answered是with 复合结构，其中answered为宾语补足语。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
The teacher walked into the classroom with a book in his hand.
老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)With a lot of difficult problems to_settle(settle), the new manager works far into the night every day.
(2)With his mother helping(help) him, he is getting along well with his work.
(3)With the key lost(lose), he had to wait for his mother outside the door.
2．They sleep and drink milk in that temporary, protected environment until they are about seven or eight months old.大约七八个月大之前，它们一直待在那个暂时受保护的环境里睡觉和吃奶。[教材原句]
[句式解构]
本句中的until they... old为until引导的时间状语从句。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
We stayed at the spot until the rescue team came.
我们一直待在现场直到救援队来。
当not until放于句首，或在it was not until... that...结构中时，until不能用till替换。
Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.巴赫于1750 年去世，但是直到19 世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。
Not until all the fish had died did the farmers realize how serious the pollution was.直到所有的鱼都死了农民们才意识到污染的严重性。
[巧学活用]
句型转换
The sports meeting will not be held until next week.
→(1)It_is_not_until_next_week_that_the_sports_meeting_will_be_held.(强调句)
→(2(共13张PPT)
UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
重点知识归纳总结
2门世2有
3厚(共68张PPT)
综合微评(二)
(时间：90分钟 满分：120分)
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2门世2有
3厚
