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2门世2有
3厚UNIT 4 SHARING
话题阅读 导入主题
Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn't give up. He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.
In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile.
Later, Ryan's experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan's foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life changing gift of clean, safe water.
(节选自外研版 必修第三册 Unit 2)
[词海拾贝]
①make a difference 有影响；起作用
②foundation n．根据；基础
③life changing adj.改变人生的
[佳句精析]
After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.
分析：本句是主从复合句。句中含有with which“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
译文：几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，用这些钱在乌干达一所小学附近建造了一口井。
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习课文见本书267页VOLUNTEERING IN THE BUSH
基础 自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Traffic jams(堵塞) in the town happen every day.
2．All other considerations are secondary(次要的) to his safety.
3．Sunlight filtered in through the dusty(布满灰尘的) window.
4．She knelt down to pull a weed(杂草) from the flower bed.
5．It's an exercise which adds a touch of the comic opera to his rigid(死板的) training routines.
6．The branches were weighed down with ripe(成熟的) apples.
7．The agreement was bound by a handshake(握手)．
8．Their internal temperatures are essentially uniform(一致的) with the environment.
9．The doctor told him to take two tablets(药片) of aspirin before every meal.
10．They stood in the doorway(门口) chatting.
Ⅱ.选词填空
be greeted by, up to, at home and abroad, be dying to, adapt to, get the most out of
1．The administrative members are_dying_to exploit the local tourism resources.
2．The moment I arrived at the restaurant, I was_greeted_by some waiters.
3．The migration didn't cause a great challenge to him. Instead, he adapted_to the new environment with ease.
4．The mayors' extreme politics faced objections at_home_and_abroad.
5．Sailors, fishermen and merchants flood in to get_the_most_out_of the unique environment in the city.
6．Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up_to 5,500 people.
Ⅲ.教材原句
1．be doing... when... 正在做……这时……
The other day I_was_showing the boys a chemistry experiment when,_before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! 几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！
2．It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人一些时间。
Such housing is dark inside so it_took_time_for_our_eyes_to_adjust.这样的房屋里面很暗，所以过了一会儿我们的眼睛才适应过来。
语篇 细研
Ⅰ.阅读课文并填空
Got a parcel from home I felt very happy after receiving 1.a_parcel with some sweets and jam from home.
The situations about the bush school and students ·My secondary school is a bush school 2.in_the_jungle. ·There is no electricity， 3.running_water or even textbooks. ·My students have no concept of 4.doing_experiments.
Visit Tombe's village ·It took another teacher and me 5.two_and_a_half_hours to get to the village. ·Tombe's mother and all the villagers 6.greeted_us warmly. ·I noticed a can standing 7.upside_down on the grill over the fire.
My feelings Though I was very tired, that evening I 8.fell_happily into bed.
Ⅱ.阅读课文并选出最佳选项
1．According to the first paragraph，we can learn that ________.
A．the writer was angry because her parcel was a bit damaged
B．it took more than fourteen days for her parcel to arrive
C．the writer will be dying because of eating some favourite sweets
D．the writer was very happy and excited to receive a parcel from home
答案：D
2．Why did the boys jump out of the windows in the chemistry class
A．The classroom conditions were so bad that they could not bear it.
B．The teacher failed to become much more imaginative in her teaching.
C．They were afraid to see the mixture bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere.
D．They wanted to see the wonderful performance of the circus.
答案：C
3．Tombe's mother started crying “ieee ieee” because ________.
A．this was the writer's first visit to a remote village
B．she was expressing her friendliness and warmth
C．the teachers walked for two and a half hours to get there
D．she was afraid of strangers
答案：B
4．What did the family do with the leftover food
A．They dried it up in a can and then threw it out.
B．They threw it out of the doorway directly.
C．They used it to attract bad spirits in the day.
D．They had it for the next meal.
答案：A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Jo worked at a bush school 1.whose/where classrooms were made of bamboo and with clay floors and roofs of grass. There's no electricity, running water 2.or even textbooks. It takes some of the students about two hours 3.to_get(get) to school. The other day, Jo was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when the mixture was bubbling over everywhere and the boys 4.started(start) jumping out of the windows. Jo doubted 5.whether/if she was making any difference to the children's lives by teaching 6.them(they)．
Jo and another teacher visited Tombe's home. When they arrived at the village, Tombe's mother started crying “ieee ieee”．Tombe's father led them to his house, a low bamboo hut with grass 7.sticking(stick) out of the roof, where they could only see a few possessions. 8.What they ate were sweet potatoes, ripe corn and greens. That night Jo and Jenny slept on 9.a platform. They left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm 10.handshakes(handshake)．
词汇 精讲
1．be dying to do 极想做；渴望做
[教材原句]．.. I've been dying to have some of my favourite sweets, and it's always nice to get mail！……我一直非常渴望吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，而且收到邮包总是令人开心不已！
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
We're dying to visit Hainan Island，located in the south of China.
我们非常想去游览位于中国南部的海南岛。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)Hearing the news，she was dying to_congratulate(congratulate) her husband on passing the driving test.
(2)The staff are dying for a chance to go to the shore annually.
完成句子
(3)The prime minister is dying/eager/keen to(渴望) get rid of the violence in his country.
2．uniform n．校服；制服 adj.一致的；统一的
[教材原句] Unlike students in our country，these boys do not wear cotton uniforms...与我们国家的学生不同，这些男孩不穿棉质校服……
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
Wearing a uniform, he stood before the Monument to the People's Heroes.
他身穿制服，站在人民英雄纪念碑前。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
(1)The crowd applauded the soldier in_uniform(身穿制服的) for rescuing the drowning child.
(2)I never wear gray because it reminds me of my school_uniform(校服)．
(3)The office walls and furniture are a_uniform_white(一致的白色)．
3．not to mention 更不用说；且不说
[教材原句] There's no electricity, running water or even textbooks, not to mention laptops...那儿没有电，没有自来水，甚至没有课本，更别提笔记本电脑……
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
You have never swum across the river, not to mention the English Channel.
你从未游过这条河，更不用说英吉利海峡了。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)He has two big houses in this country，not to mention his villa in France.
(2)The man with a bowl in hand has no home, let alone(lonely) a grand house.
(3)Making a manned submersible is an enormous amount of work, to_say(say) nothing of the cost.
4．adapt to 适应
[教材原句] I'm still trying to adapt to these conditions.我还在努力适应这些条件。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
As a marine biologist, he must adapt to life at sea.
作为一名海洋生物学家，他必须适应海上生活。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)What kind of difficulty will Mary and her sister have adapting to the new environment
(2)The new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.
完成句子
(3)If you're outgoing, it is very easy for you to_adapt_to(适应) the new environment while studying abroad.
5．make a difference 有影响；起 (重要)作用
[教材原句] To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.说实话，我怀疑我究竟是否能对这些男孩的生活产生影响。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
Tomorrow they will set sail for the United States for further study, which will make a big difference to their life.
明天他们将启程前往美国继续深造，这将对他们的人生有重大影响。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)It makes no difference to me whether you come or not.
(2)A few kind words at the right time make all the difference(different)．
完成句子
(3)Whether his charity really makes_a_difference(产生影响) to the world, only time will tell.
6．shade vt.给……遮挡 (光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
[教材原句] ... and then down a shaded path to the valley below. ……然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到下面的山谷。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
She shaded her laptop with a curtain against the sun.
她用帘子给笔记本电脑遮挡阳光。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)The courtyard is_shaded(shade) by high trees.
(2)Both Mark and his parents were sitting in the shade of a tree.
完成句子
(3)She looked up, shading_her_eyes_with(用……遮挡眼睛) her hand against the sun.
(4)The trees provide_shade_for(为……提供乘凉的地方) the animals in the summer.
7．get through通过；渡过(难关)，熬过；拨通，打通；完成，做完
[教材原句] ... with a door just big enough to get through...……只有一扇勉强能通过的门……
[归纳拓展]
get across 被理解
get around 传播；流传
get over 克服；控制
get along with 相处；进展
get in 到达；当选
get on 进展；相处；上车
get away with 逍遥法外；做(坏事)而未受到惩罚
get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事，开始认真注意某事
[佳句背诵]
After our joint efforts, our company managed to get through the hard times.
经过我们的共同努力，公司渡过了难关。
[巧学活用]
写出下列句中get through 的含义
(1)He finally got through the exam and enjoyed liberty again. 通过
(2)I don't know how they get through the cold winter every year. 渡过；熬过
(3)I tried phoning her office，but I couldn't get through. 拨通，打通
(4)I've got a load of work to get through before tomorrow. 做完，完成
单句语法填空
(5)If we can get over our present difficulties, then everything should be in good condition.
句式 突破
1．The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! 几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！[教材原句]
[句式解构]
本句中含be doing... when...句式，意为“正在做……这时……”，表示两个动作同时发生。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
She was walking along the bank of the river when she heard a cry for help.
她正沿着河岸走，这时她听到一阵呼救声。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)I was about to_walk(walk) away when a flock of mammals appeared.
(2)I was on the point of looking over the online catalogue when someone knocked at the door.
完成句子
(3)He had_(just)_come_in(刚刚进来) when someone burst out laughing.
2．Such housing is dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.这样的房屋里面很暗，所以过了一会儿我们的眼睛才适应过来。[教材原句]
[句式解构]
本句中含有It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.句式，意为“做某事花费某人一些时间。”句中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式(短语)。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
It will take me about two months to translate the novel.
翻译这部小说将花费我大约两个月的时间。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)It took us two months to_get(get) the product licensed.
(2)The company has spent thousands of pounds updating(update) their computer systems.
完成句子
(3)It_costs_you_much_more_money(这会花你很多钱) to visit the West Lake during the peak season.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As a circus(马戏团) clown, you are not in his league at all.
2．Robin, a chemist(药剂师) by profession, is learning musical instruments with me.
3．The girl sat in the shade(阴凉处) of a tree, copying the data to the temporary directory.
4．Although the merchant pretended hard to be young, the wrinkles(皱纹) gave away his true age.
5．She is guilty of murder. No wonder that many people wrinkle their foreheads(前额) when talking about her.
6．We learned about his contribution to the housing(住宅) market through media coverage.
7．With loud applause, tonight's conductor came onto the platform(舞台)．
8．How to make the most of our leftover(吃剩的) vegetables and marine products
9．To set sail on time, I dragged(拖) myself out of bed 30 minutes earlier than usual.
10．It was a privilege(特权) to speak on behalf of our fleet.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The strong lifelong bond between the two friends received a chorus of admiration.
2．To the characters in your tale, clothing is primarily decorative and only secondarily(secondary) functional.
3．No one makes a difference to Tom's determination to be absent from the press conference.
4．They picked fruit when it ripened(ripe) and hunted animals for the royal family.
5．Now that you are dying(die) to join in the league, why not try out for it
6．Keep the chickens out. Meanwhile, try not to walk on the flowerbeds while weeding(weed)．
7．Fed up with her wrinkled(wrinkle) face, Mary is exploiting every means to make herself look younger.
8．The murderer hid behind the dusty(dust) curtains to escape being noticed.
Ⅲ.利用本单元所学词汇，完成下面短文
As a boy living in Shanghai, Wangxin 1.was_dying_to(渴望) visit the countryside. One summer holiday, taking off his school 2.uniform(校服) and 3.dragging(拖) his suitcase, he went to his grandpa's home, which was a beautiful place surrounded by green mountains. Soon he 4.adapted_to(适应) the life there. Before sunrise, he went with his grandpa to a field to 5.weed(除草). He had never done housework before, 6.not_to_mention(更不用说) farm work. After working for 7.up_to(多达) an hour, they sat in the 8.shade(阴凉) to rest. It was a great 9.privilege(优待) to get through the summer vacation with his grandpa, which would 10.make_a_difference(对……有影响) to his life.
课时作业(十) Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．All the possessions of the tramp were put into a small parcel(包裹)．
2．The chemist took up two tubes(试管) in which there was bubbling liquid.
3．Their housing(住房) conditions are very poor and there are only two small platforms in a shabby hut.
4．My English teacher is so rigid(顽固的) that he doesn't allow us to go to the washroom in the evening classes.
5．When I looked at him closely, I found several wrinkles(皱纹) across his forehead.
6．All the leftovers(剩饭) were thrown out of the doorway after they were dried up.
7．Kids were told not to pick the green grapes until they were ripe(成熟的)．
8．The old man dragged(拖)the net with all his strength, only to find nothing but an old pan.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．At that time I was teaching in a secondary(second) school whose classrooms were all huts with grass roofs.
2．Every morning he was greeted by a chorus of “Good morning, Sir！” from his pupils.
3．We went to school along a dusty(dust) track when it was sunny and a muddy one when it was rainy.
4．It is required that we should attend the ceremony in uniform.
5．I don't like chemistry(chemist) and I am not interested in those tubes and bottles designed for experiments.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．去学校每天大约花费我半个小时的时间。
It_takes_me_about_half_an_hour_to go to school every day.
2．有一天我正在走着去上学，这时一个外国人走过来问路。
One day I_was_walking_to_school_when a foreigner came up to ask for direction.
3．我感到很荣幸能有机会和外国人交谈。
I felt_quite_privileged_to have a chance to talk with foreigners.
4．旅行是一种探索不同文化的很好的方式。
Travelling is a_good_way_to_explore different cultures.
5．她要求一个人待着，但是她妈妈仍然跟着她。
She asked to be_left_alone but her mother still followed her.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
1．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation.
B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors.
D．The design of Galton's experiment.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，有些人则会低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
答案：B
2．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A．the crowds were relatively small
B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate
D．estimates were not fully independent
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。)”和第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
答案：D
3．What did the follow up study focus on
A．The size of the groups.
B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.
D．The individual estimates.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds？(在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题可知，后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
答案：C
4．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策制定的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策制定的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
答案：D
B
When Randy Heiss went hiking behind his Patagonia, Ariz farm, the last thing he expected to find was a Christmas list from a little girl across the US Mexico border.“I found this balloon on my morning walk near Patagonia on Sunday. Attached to it was a piece of paper with the Christmas wishes from a little girl，” Heiss wrote on his Facebook page.
When he brought the list home to his wife, who speaks fluent Spanish, they determined that the little girl had asked for Enchantimals toys, clothes, art supplies and various other gifts. That's when Heiss set out to make the little girl's Christmas dreams come true. Heiss said he had attempted to send Christmas letters to Santa Claus via balloon when he was a kid but never received a response.
Heiss sent a Facebook message on Wednesday to XENY, a radio station in Nogales, to see if it could help him track down the girl or her family. He later received a response from the station, which had determined the author of the letter was an 8 year old girl named Dayami, and the station wanted to set up a meeting between the two on Thursday. “It just changed my entire day，” Heiss told The Washington Post. “Instead of going back to my office in Bisbee, I went with my wife to Walmart.”
The couple bought almost everything on Dayami's list. They also brought a few gifts for Dayami's little sister, Ximena. They told the children they were “ayudantes de Santa，” or Santa's helpers.
Heiss, 60, said the experience was very healing for him and his wife. Nine years ago, the couple's only son died. “Being around children at Christmas time has been absent in our lives，” Heiss said. We now have friends for life. For a day, that border fence with its concertina wire melted away.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了60岁的海斯捡到了一个由气球带来的圣诞愿望清单，在妻子的帮助下，他们实现了小女孩的愿望，和小女孩成了朋友，这也让失去了儿子的夫妻二人十分高兴，而且得到了安慰。
5．How did Dayami send out her Christmas wishes
A．By calling Heiss.
B．By attaching them to a balloon.
C．By writing to a radio station.
D．By sending a Facebook message.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“‘I found this balloon on my morning walk near Patagonia on Sunday. Attached to it was a piece of paper with the Christmas wishes from a little girl，’Heiss wrote on his Facebook page.”可知，星期天早上海斯在巴塔哥尼亚附近散步时，发现了这个气球。由此可知，达亚米通过把祝福和愿望拴在气球上的方式把它们送了出去，故选B项。
答案：B
6．When did Heiss know what the girl exactly wanted
A．After the help of his wife.
B．When he found the balloon.
C．After their meeting in America.
D．When he got a response from the radio station.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“When he brought the list home to his wife, who speaks fluent Spanish, they determined that the little girl had asked for Enchantimals toys, clothes, art supplies and various other gifts.”可知，这个清单上写的是西班牙语，海斯是在他妻子的帮助下才知道了小女孩的愿望，故选A项。
答案：A
7．What might make Heiss decide to fulfill the little girl's Christmas wishes
A．His son's will.
B．The girl's request for help.
C．His similar unsuccessful experience.
D．His desire to make friends with the girl.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Heiss said he had attempted to send Christmas letters to Santa Claus via balloon when he was a kid but never received a response.”可知，海斯小时候曾试图通过气球给圣诞老人寄信，但从未收到任何回复。因此他有和小女孩相似的但不成功的经历，这让他决定帮助女孩实现愿望，故选C项。
答案：C
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The couple got out of the pain completely.
B．The experience was a great relief to the couple.
C．The couple would help more children from Mexico.
D．There will be no border between countries one day.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“‘Being around children at Christmas time has been absent in our lives，’ Heiss said. We now have friends for life. For a day, that border fence with its concertina wire melted away.”可知，海斯夫妇唯一的儿子死了，没有人陪他们过圣诞节了，现在他们有了终身的朋友。由此可知，满足小女孩的愿望就像在满足自己失去的儿子的愿望一般，让这对夫妻有了心理安慰，也有了一种解脱，故选B项。
答案：B
Ⅴ.完形填空
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier than she did. Her __2__ came because she was carrying a __3__ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two thirds of the way through her __4__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She __5__ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __6__. She couldn't. Bailey then __7__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was __9__ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme __10__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more __11__ about why her act is considered a big __12__. “She was just crying. I couldn't __13__ her，” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the __14__， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the __15__ of human kindness won the day.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，梅兰妮·贝莉背着另一个参赛者丹妮尔·勒诺过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
1．A.designed B．followed
C．changed D．finished
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅兰妮·贝莉本应该更早完成比赛。A.designed设计；B.followed跟随；C.changed改变；D.finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention”可知，贝莉因为在比赛中背一名受伤的参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了。故选D项。
答案：D
2．A.delay B．chance
C．trouble D．excuse
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A.delay延误；B.chance机会；C.trouble麻烦；D.excuse借口。根据上一题的解析可知，贝莉本应该更早完成比赛，但因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线所以延迟了。故选A项。
答案：A
3．A.judge B．volunteer
C．classmate D．competitor
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.classmate同学；D.competitor参赛者。根据第二段的“when a runner in front of her began crying in pain”和“carried her all the way to the finish line”可知，贝莉背着一名参赛者冲过了终点线。故选D项。
答案：D
4．A.race B．school
C．town D．training
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当贝莉完成了赛程三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭喊。A.race比赛；B.school学校；C.town城镇；D.training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”可知，贝莉正在参加越野赛。故选A项。
答案：A
5．A.agreed B．returned
C．stopped D．promised
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同行跑步者丹妮尔·勒诺。A.agreed同意；B.returned回来；C.stopped停止；D.promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，贝莉停下来帮助同行跑步者丹妮尔·勒诺。故选C项。
答案：C
6．A.courage B．aid
C．patience D．advice
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝莉扶着她的胳膊，看她能否在帮助下向前走。A.courage勇气；B.aid帮助；C.patience耐心；D.advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，贝莉扶着勒诺的胳膊，看在其帮助下勒诺是否能够行走。故选B项。
答案：B
7．A.went away B．stood up
C．stepped aside D．bent down
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后贝莉弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺到勒诺接受治疗的地方。A.went away离开； B．stood up站起来；C.stepped aside让路；D.bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，贝莉弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D项。
答案：D
8．A.medical B．public
C．constant D．equal
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.medical医疗的；B.public公众的；C.constant连续不断的；D.equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”和“She couldn't.”可知，勒诺需要接受治疗。故选A项。
答案：A
9．A.interrupted B．assessed
C．identified D．appreciated
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：勒诺在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A.interrupted打断；B.assessed评估；C.identified识别；D.appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，勒诺接受检查之后被送往了医院。故选B项。
答案：B
10．A.hunger B．pain
C．cold D．tiredness
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有贝莉的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A.hunger饥饿；B.pain疼痛；C.cold感冒；D.tiredness疲劳。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，勒诺受伤时非常痛苦，如果贝莉没有背她，她只能自己承受疼痛去援助检查站。故选B项。
答案：B
11．A.worried B．ashamed
C．confused D．discouraged
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于贝莉，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件了不起的事。A.worried担心的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.confused困惑的；D.discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知，贝莉觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对自己的行为被认为是一件了不起的事感到困惑。故选C项。
答案：C
12．A.game B．problem
C．lesson D．deal
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.game游戏；B.problem问题；C.lesson课；D.deal交易，局面。a big deal意为“一件了不起的事”，符合语境。故选D项。
答案：D
13．A.leave B．cure
C．bother D．understand
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A.leave离开；B.cure治愈；C.bother打扰；D.understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying.”和贝莉一路背着勒诺到终点线。可知，贝莉看见勒诺受伤痛哭，所以觉得不能就那么离开。故选A项。
答案：A
14．A.ride B．test
C．meet D．show
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但她们现已成为朋友。A.ride短途旅程；B.test测试；C.meet体育比赛；D.show展示。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”和设空处“the two young women were strangers”可知，这两个年轻女子越野赛之前是陌生人。故选C项。
答案：C
15．A.secret B．display
C．benefit D．exchange
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A.secret秘密；B.display展示；C.benefit利益；D.exchange交换。贝莉背着受伤的勒诺过终点线这件事展示了人类的善良。故选B项。
答案：B
Ⅵ.语法填空
The revitalization(复苏) of abandoned properties in rural China is on the rise. Each 1.________(locate) in remote Chinese towns, the following three striking hotels are far from the hustle of the city.
WuYuan Skywells Hotel in Jiangxi Province, a previously neglected 300 year old mansion, was 2.________(incredible) restored to its former glory, while maintaining its regional architectural feature Tianjing, a narrow and tall courtyard pulling sunlight inside, 3.________ introducing elements of modern comfort.
Similarly, by the end of 2022, designers 4.________(restore) the Bamboo Craft Village near Chengdu City, preserving the construction traditions to build an extremely 5.________(impress) roof. Seen from above, the shape of this building is like a figure “8” or the infinity sign “∞”．
The Treewow Tribe in Zhejiang Province 6.________(feature) houses that are surrounded by a sea of bamboo trees to provide tourists 7.________ comfortable privacy. Notably, the free form roof imitates the free flowing lines of nature, gracefully 8.________(invite) the green landscape into the private space.
Marrying the charm of traditional Chinese designs and the 9.________(rich) of modern living, these hotels will definitely offer you 10.________ unforgettable experience and a perfect getaway.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国农村被遗弃的房产正在复苏，并介绍了三家独特的酒店，这些酒店结合了传统中国设计和现代生活的丰富元素，为游客提供了难忘的体验和完美的度假胜地。
1．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：以下三家引人注目的酒店分别位于中国偏远的城镇，远离城市的喧嚣。分析句子可知，“Each 1.________(locate) in remote Chinese towns”是独立主格结构，locate(把……安置在/建造于)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Each之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填located。
答案：located
2．解析：考查词性转化。句意：位于江西的婺源天井大酒店是一座有着300年历史的豪宅，在保留了其地域建筑特色的同时，令人难以置信地恢复了昔日的辉煌，同时又保留了天井，狭窄而高大的庭院将阳光引入室内，并引入了现代舒适元素。设空处修饰动词restored，应用副词incredibly作状语，意为“令人难以置信地”。故填incredibly。
答案：incredibly
3．解析：考查连词。句意同上题。根据句意，“pulling sunlight inside”和“introducing elements of modern comfort”是并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
答案：and
4．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：同样，到2022年底，设计师们修复了成都附近的竹工艺村，保留了建筑传统，建造了一个令人印象深刻的屋顶。分析句子可知，设空处是句中谓语动词，与主语designers之间是主动关系，根据时间状语by the end of 2022可知，动作发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态。故填had restored。
答案：had restored
5．解析：考查形容词。句意同上题。设空处作定语，修饰名词roof，用形容词impressive，意为“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。
答案：impressive
6．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：浙江省的Treewow部落的特色是房屋被竹林包围，为游客提供舒适的隐秘性。分析句子可知，设空处是句中谓语动词，与主语The Treewow Tribe之间是主动关系，根据语境，描述一般性事实，用一般现在时态，又因主语是专有名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填features。
答案：features
7．解析：考查介词。句意同上题。provide...with...是固定搭配，意为“给……提供……”。故填with。
答案：with
8．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：值得注意的是，自由形式的屋顶模仿自然的自由流动的线条，优雅地将绿色景观引入私人空间。分析句子可知，“gracefully 8.________(invite) the green landscape into the private space”在句中作结果状语，invite是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the free form roof之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表示主动。故填inviting。
答案：inviting
9．解析：考查名词。句意：结合了中国传统设计的魅力和现代生活的丰富，这些酒店一定会给你一个难忘的经历和完美的度假。设空处作宾语，与名词charm是并列关系，应用名词richness，意为“丰富”。故填richness。
答案：richness
10．解析：考查冠词。句意同上题。可数名词experience在句中表示“(一次难忘的)经历”，泛指，unforgettable发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
答案：an
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
复习短语
语法 讲习
1．短语的概念
英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似。
2．名词短语
(1)概念：名词短语是指以名词为中心构成的短语，在句中相当于名词。
(2)构成：名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。名词的修饰语分为前置定语和后置定语。
①前置定语包括：限定词、形容词(短语)和描述性名词。 限定词又包括：冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this/that/these/those等)、形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/our/their等)、不定代词(some/no/neither/both/every/other 等)和数词(first/two/one/third 等)。
the cute baby girl(限定词＋形容词＋描述性名词＋中心名词)
②后置定语包括：定语从句、分词短语、不定式或不定式短语、形容词短语和介词短语等。
the cute baby girl in a pink dress(限定词＋形容词＋描述性名词＋中心名词＋介词短语)
(3)句法功能：
①名词短语作主语
The flower shop is just around the corner and you won't miss it.花店就在拐角处，你会找到它的。
②名词短语作宾语
He has received a nice coffee cup as a gift.他收到了一个漂亮的咖啡杯作为礼物。
③名词短语作表语
This is an exciting experience which will never be forgotten.这是一次激动人心且难以忘怀的经历。
④名词短语作宾语补足语
We made Tom monitor of our class.我们选汤姆当我们班的班长。
(4)常见的名词短语：
①冠词＋形容词＋名词
an exciting news 一则激动人心的消息
②冠词＋名词＋介词＋名词
a piece of bread 一块面包
③名词所有格短语
today's newspaper 今天的报纸
④名词＋to型短语
the key to the bicycle 自行车钥匙
⑤名词＋with型短语
a man with good manners 有礼貌的男士
⑥描述性名词作定语的名词短语
evening dress 晚礼服
blood type 血型
3．形容词短语
(1)概念：形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。
(2)常见的形容词短语：
①形容词＋形容词(两个或多个形容词由and、but 等连词连接)
tired but happy 累但快乐
thirsty and hungry 又渴又饿
②程度副词＋形容词(very、so、enough、quite、fairly、pretty等副词表示程度；副词enough 修饰形容词时，放在形容词后面)
quite big 相当大
long enough 足够长
extremely lazy 极其懒惰
③形容词＋介词及其宾语
empty of dust 一尘不染
full of water 装满水
(3)句法功能：
①形容词短语作表语 (与系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质、特征或状态)
The question is extremely difficult for him to solve.这道题对他来说太难解答了。
②形容词短语作定语 (修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征或状态等)
He is a worker worthy of praise.他是一个值得表扬的工人。
③形容词短语作宾语补足语 (说明宾语的性质、特征或状态等)
Exercise can make you healthy and energetic.锻炼能使你健康有活力。
④形容词短语作状语 (说明主语的性质、特征或状态等)
He lay in bed, awake.他躺在床上，没有睡着。
4．副词短语
(1)概念：副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。
(2)构成：
①副词＋副词(两个或多个副词由and、but 等连词连接)
quickly and correctly 迅速而且准确
②very/so/quite/fairly/pretty/extremely/much＋副词(副词enough 修饰副词时，放在副词后面)
so/very/extremely fast 如此快/非常快/快极了
(3)句法功能：
①副词短语修饰动词
In recent years, the traditional village tourism developed very quickly in the domestic.传统村镇旅游近年来在国内发展非常迅速。
②副词短语修饰形容词
The dress was rather too small for her.这件连衣裙对她来说太小了。
③副词短语修饰副词
He is running much too fast in the match.他在比赛中跑得太快了。
5．介词短语
(1)概念：介词短语是介词和其他代词、名词或词组搭配构成的短语，主要用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系。
(2)构成：
①介词＋名词
at hand 近在手边
at work/play 在工作/玩耍
at length 终于；最后；详尽地
at random 随机地；任意地
at present 现在，目前
at risk 处境危险
at dusk 在黄昏
at war 在交战
at peace 处于和平状态
at the moment 此刻
beyond control 难以控制
beyond description 无法形容
beyond expectation 出乎意料
beyond question 无可争辩
beyond expression无法形容
②介词＋动名词(短语)
without taking a bag没有带书包
③介词＋数词
at ten 在十点钟
④介词＋代词
with him与他一起
(3)句法功能：
①介词短语作定语
Mary is the girl in a red hat.玛丽是戴红色帽子的那个女孩。
②介词短语作状语
I finished my homework in the morning.
我在早上完成了我的家庭作业。
6．动词短语
(1)概念：动词短语是一种固定的词组，一般由动词加介词或副词构成。
(2)构成：
①动词＋介词
account for 解释；占比例
apply for 申请
approve of 赞成；同意
arrive at/in 到达
ask for 请求
attend to 注意；照顾
②动词＋副词(后不接宾语)
break down 出故障；分解
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
come about 发生
come on 赶快；加油
come out 开花；出版；发行；被获知
come over 顺便来访；突然感到
die away 逐渐消失
die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息
die out 灭绝；消失
drop out 退出；退学
(3)句法功能：
动词短语在句中作谓语
We have to account for every penny we spend.我们必须解释清楚我们花费的每一分钱。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The most pleasant thing of the rainy seasons is that we can be free from/of dust.
2．I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother kept an eye on him.
3．The police broke up the crowd who were crowding in for the tournament.
4．Never should you make fun of those who are physically or mentally disabled.
5．Don't scold him for causing damage to the submersible; he didn't mean to do it.
6．The old photo brought back many memories of my secondary school days.
7．Child as he was, he parceled up the books with ease(easy)．
8．The rolling(roll) mountains in the distance is definitely a sight to behold.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He couldn't_put_up_with_the_heat(不能忍受炽热), and was dying to have a rest in the shade of the tree.
2．The ambitious man, who is in possession of a villa, is_on_vacation(正在度假) at present.
3．The chemist is_not_particular_about(不挑剔) what he eats and what he wears.
4．The underwater exploration will_be_beneficial/of_benefit_to(将会有益于) my understanding of marine organism.
5．We were disappointed at the fact that our plan to improve the local housing condition had_got_nowhere(毫无进展)．
课时作业(十一) Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Mr Smith resigned(辞职) from the union last year and settled down in a hut.
2．The team deserves(应得) to win the championship in the tournament because they have trained so hard.
3．They are expecting a new platform to plug(补足)the gap at the lower end of the market.
4．I am afraid you are holding a rigid attitude to the disabled(有残疾的)．
5．The rates of pay in the company are far from uniform, causing the workers to send letters of resignation(辞职书)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It was a privilege for me to have a chance to_pay(pay) a visit to the brilliant writer.
2．All the students enjoyed the performance in high spirits(spirit) and applauded warmly.
3．It was several weeks before she was completely free of pain.
4．These mixtures may be harmful(harm) to small children.
5．At the sight of her mother, the girl burst into tears.
6．They often make fun of her because of her strange accent.
7．To their satisfaction(satisfy), the book that is true to life has received a chorus of praise.
8．Many families break up because of a lack of money.
9．Would you please keep an eye on the baby while I am out
10．Absorbed(absorb) in observing the birds, he ignored me when I passed by.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
A British woman who won a $1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change，” she said. “I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort—whether an up and coming local musician or a major movie star—into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up，” she said. “We need artists more than ever in our schools.”
Artist Michael Craig Martin said, “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools.” It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity，and it is our creative spirit，our visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为“世界最佳教师”后获得了100万美元的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
1．What will Zafirakou do with her prize money
A．Make a movie.
B．Build new schools.
C．Run a project.
D．Help local musicians.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution(变革). ‘We are going to make a change，’ she said. ‘I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.’(伦敦北部中学教师Andria Zafirakou表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变。”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”)”可知，Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
答案：C
2．What does Craig Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools
A．It is particularly difficult.
B．It increases artists' income.
C．It opens children's mind.
D．It deserves greater attention.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“Artist Michael Craig Martin said，‘Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools.’ It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added. (艺术家Michael Craig Martin 说：“在艺术在学校被降级的时候，安德里亚这个让各个领域的艺术家与孩子们直接接触的杰出项目尤其受欢迎。”认为艺术没有必要是错误的，他补充说。)”可知，Craig Martin认为，英国学校的艺术教学值得更好的关注。故选D。
答案：D
3．What should be stressed in school education according to Schama
A．Moral principles.
B．Interpersonal skills.
C．Creative abilities.
D．Positive worldviews.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.(这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。)”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
答案：C
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Bring Artists to Schools
B．When Historians Meet Artists
C．Arts Education in Britain
D．The World's Best Arts Teacher
解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher，said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution(变革). ‘We are going to make a change，’she said. ‘I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.’(伦敦北部中学教师Andria Zafirakou表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变。”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”)”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。
答案：A
B
[2023·全国乙卷]
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less than impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat and two veg and ready made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变了对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
5．What do people usually think of British food
A．It is simple and plain.
B．It is rich in nutrition.
C．It lacks authentic tastes.
D．It deserves a high reputation.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting？(当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？)”可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
答案：A
6．Which best describes cookery programme on British TV
A．Authoritative. B．Creative.
C．Profitable. D．Influential.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat and two veg and ready made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.(正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。)”和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.(似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。)”可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯。由此推知，英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。
答案：D
7．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A．20%. B．24%.
C．25%. D．33%.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.(几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。)”可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
答案：D
8．What might the author continue talking about
A．The art of cooking in other countries.
B．Male chefs on TV programmes.
C．Table manners in the UK.
D．Studies of big eaters.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.(随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。)”可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
答案：B
Ⅳ.七选五
Being honest may not get you a lot of friends, but it will get you the right ones. That's true, so you should pursue authentic positivity in your friendships, the opposite of toxic(有毒的) positivity that would have you encouraging friends in all things, regardless of what you might feel or observe or know about the challenges of life. __1__
1．Ask questions.
A feature of authentic positivity is a curious mindset, a mentality where you are less locked into “telling it like it is” and more interested in wondering and exploring the possibilities together with your friend. __2__ If your friendship has a history of welcome advice giving, your question could be “Are you looking for ideas, or do you just want me to listen？”
2．__3__
“That's so disappointing” is sometimes the most positive thing you can say to your friend when they are struggling. Resisting the urge to say “It's all going to work out; don't worry” shows your friend that you see them in their pain, and that you are available to support them here and now. __4__ You can use “yes/and” statements like “What happened at work is so frustrating—AND I know how creative you are, so you'll find a way to move forward.”
3．Learn to apologize—and ask for an apology.
__5__ That includes you, too. Being authentic in a friendship means having the freedom to say to a friend, “I'm sorry I hurt you.” It also means being able to say, “Your words/actions hurt me.” Friendships that stand the test of time have room for mistakes, and for repair.
A．Name hard truths.
B．Don't disappoint your friend.
C．Every friend misses the mark sometimes.
D．Instead, friends should be authentic and positive.
E．Here are three ways to be an authentically positive friend.
F．But that doesn't mean you need to focus on the negative all the time.
G．Positive friends ask each other questions, and listen deeply to the answers.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何成为一个真正积极的朋友。
1．解析：上文“That's true, so you should pursue authentic positivity in your friendships, the opposite of toxic(有毒的) positivity that would have you encouraging friends in all things, regardless of what you might feel or observe or know about the challenges of life.(这是事实，所以你应该在你的友谊中追求真正的积极性，而不是有害的积极性。真正的积极性会让你在所有事情中一直鼓励朋友，无论你对生活中的挑战有什么样的感受、观察或了解。)”强调了友谊中追寻真正积极性的好处，下文段落小标题Ask questions.(提问问题。)和Learn to apologize—and ask for an apology.(学会道歉——并要求道歉。)详细介绍了如何成为一个真正积极的朋友。空处位于段尾，往往起着总结上文或承上启下的作用。E项“Here are three ways to be an authentically positive friend.(以下是三个可以让你成为一个真正积极的朋友的方法。)”呼应下文每一段的小标题，故选E。
答案：E
2．解析：本段的小标题Ask questions.(提问问题。)及空后“If your friendship has a history of welcome advice giving, your question could be ‘Are you looking for ideas, or do you just want me to listen？’(如果你的友谊存在一段可提供建议的历史，你的问题可以是“你是在寻求建议，还是只是想让我听听？”)”都在介绍要学会提问题。G项“Positive friends ask each other questions, and listen deeply to the answers.(积极的朋友会问对方问题并认真倾听对方的回答。)”符合本段主题，故选G。
答案：G
3．解析：空处位于小标题的位置。由本段“‘That's so disappointing’ is sometimes the most positive thing you can say to your friend when they are struggling. Resisting the urge to say ‘It's all going to work out; don't worry’ shows your friend that you see them in their pain, and that you are available to support them here and now.(有时候，“这太令人失望了”这句话是你在朋友挣扎时对他们说的最积极的话。克制住说“一切都会好起来的；别担心”的冲动，让你的朋友知道你看到了他们的痛苦，你可以随时支持他们。)”可知，作为真正积极的朋友，作者建议我们要敢于说出真实的情况。A项“Name hard truths.(说出残酷的真相。)”符合题意。选项中的hard呼应本段形容词disappointing，故选A。
答案：A
4．解析：上文“Resisting the urge to say ‘It's all going to work out; don't worry’ shows your friend that you see them in their pain, and that you are available to support them here and now.(克制住说“一切都会好起来的；别担心”的冲动，让你的朋友知道你看到了他们的痛苦，你可以随时支持他们。)”强调我们要敢于说出真相，哪怕是消极表达。下文“You can use ‘yes/and’ statements like ‘What happened at work is so frustrating—AND I know how creative you are, so you'll find a way to move forward.’(你可以使用“是/和”这样的语句，比如说，“工作中发生的事情太令人沮丧了，我知道你有多有创造力，所以你会找到前进的方法。”)”介绍了我们也可以对朋友说一些肯定的表达。上下文呈转折关系，所以F项“But that doesn't mean you need to focus on the negative all the time.(但是那并不意味着你需要一直关注消极的东西。)”符合题意，故选F。
答案：F
5．解析：本段的小标题Learn to apologize—and ask for an apology.(学会道歉——并要求道歉。)及空后“Friendships that stand the test of time have room for mistakes, and for repair.(经得起时间考验的友谊中都会存在犯错和可恢复的情况。)”描述了我们都会犯错，要学会道歉。C项“Every friend misses the mark sometimes.(每个朋友都有犯错的时候。)”符合题意，“miss the mark”和 mistake内容一致，故选C。
答案：C
Ⅴ.语法填空
The Center for Humane Technology is made up of people who used to work for big tech companies like Google，Facebook and Twitter. They want kids to stop 1.________ (use) those apps and websites so much.
In early February，the center started a campaign called The Truth About Tech. 2.________ (it) goal is to teach students，parents and teachers about the 3.________ (danger) of spending too much time on smart phones and computers. The Center for Humane Technology says that the apps and websites we use every day 4.________ (design) to keep us chatting, playing or watching online as much as possible. Students spending too much time online may 5.________ (easy) find it hard to be focused 6.________ school work. Children and teenagers are more likely 7.________ (have) these problems because their brains，bodies and social skills are still developing.
One goal of The Truth About Tech campaign is to make sure that kids understand how technology affects them so they can make 8.________ (good) decisions. The people behind the campaign also want governments 9.________ the tech companies themselves to take steps to protect children. When the leaders of the big technology companies are designing tech tools for kids, they should think about 10.________ they would want for their own children.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个活动 ——关于科技的真相，这次活动的意义在于教育学生、家长和老师，让他们认识到花太多时间在智能手机和电脑上的危险，从而希望孩子们停止使用那些应用程序和网站。
1．解析：考查动名词。句意：他们非常希望孩子们停止使用那些应用程序和网站。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，符合句意。故填using。
答案：using
2．解析：考查代词。句意：它的目标是教育学生、家长和老师，让他们认识到花太多时间在智能手机和电脑上的危险。空后为名词，所以此处应用形容词性物主代词its。因处于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填Its。
答案：Its
3．解析：考查名词的数。句意同上题。设空前为冠词，所以此处要用名词。danger“危险”为可数名词，句中指花太多的时间在手机和电脑上的危险，所以要用复数。故填dangers。
答案：dangers
4．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：人道技术中心称，我们每天使用的应用程序和网站都是为了让我们尽可能多地在网上聊天、玩耍或观看而设计的。分析可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中says可知，时态应用一般现在时；从句中的主语the apps and websites为复数含义，与动词design之间为被动关系，所以此处design要用被动语态。故填are designed。
答案：are designed
5．解析：考查副词。句意：花太多时间上网的学生可能很容易发现很难集中精力做功课。空后为动词，所以此处用副词修饰动词。故填easily。
答案：easily
6．解析：考查固定短语。句意同上题。短语：focus on“专注于”，此处指学生很难集中注意力在学业上。故填on。
答案：on
7．解析：考查不定式。句意：儿童和青少年更容易出现这些问题，因为他们的大脑、身体和社交技能仍在发展中。短语：be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”，所以此处要用to have。故填to have。
答案：to have
8．解析：考查比较级。句意：关于科技活动的真相的一个目标是确保孩子们理解科技如何影响他们，以便他们能够做出更好的决定。空后为名词，所以此处要用形容词。根据句中“make sure that kids understand how technology affects them”可知，此处指孩子们知道了科技影响他们的方式后，他们就会做出更好的决定，所以要用形容词的比较级better。故填better。
答案：better
9．解析：考查并列连词。句意：发起这场运动的人还希望政府和科技公司采取措施保护儿童。分析可知，governments和“the tech companies”同为want的宾语，两者为并列关系，所以此处要用并列连词and。故填and。
答案：and
10．解析：考查宾语从句。句意：当大型科技公司的领导人为孩子们设计科技工具时，他们应该想想自己的孩子想要什么。分析可知，“10.________ they would want for their own children”为介词about的宾语从句，空处在宾语从句中作want的宾语，所以此处要用连接代词what。故填what。
答案：what
Section Ⅲ Using Language
课前自主预习课文见本书270页Make a speech about China's aid to other countries
基础 自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The criteria(标准) are uniform for each department.
2．To restore the viewing platform, you still have to apply for grants(拨款)．
3．It has been declared that the contract(合同) for buying weedkillers is illegal.
4．The experts are holding an extensive consultation(咨询会) about the drug.
5．Political stability(稳定), meanwhile, will be a prime concern.
6．Kelly prayed(企盼) that she could be judged with mercy.
7．Unfortunately, the sailor died after suffering a cardiac(心脏的) arrest.
8．In spite of disability(残疾), Jack is confident and is a top student in the secondary school.
Ⅱ.选词填空
leisure time, relay...to..., in tune with, in need of, take it for granted, be engaged in, appeal to, too good to be true
1．The factory is in_need_of a lawyer specialising in marine law.
2．The accountant is_engaged_in keeping a log of the cost and profits of the restaurant.
3．The fact that even my boss gave me applause seemed too_good_to_be_true.
4．The metal tower is used to relay television signals to the hut.
5．The drama, in which the actress fully exploits the humour of her role, appeals_to many people.
6．We shouldn't take_it_for_granted that we are in possession of pure water on the earth.
7．My cousin is always spending her leisure_time drawing pots and pans.
8．They are in_tune_with each other as to how to strengthen the bond among the staff.
Ⅲ.教材原句
1．not only... but (also)．.. 不仅……而且……
Now, not_only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.现在有了医院，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了帮助，而且周边国家的人们也因此受益。
2．now that... 既然/由于……
Now_that I understand how important my mother's work is, I've decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands.由于我明白了我妈妈的工作有多么重要，我已经决定自己也成为一名志愿者，去帮助其他国家的人。
语篇 细研
Ⅰ.阅读课文并填空
Para. 1 Greetings.
Para. 2 1.Introduction to the speech.
Paras.3—5 The 2.experience_and_meaning of the writer's mother's volunteer work.
Para. 6 The writer's 3.attitude_ to volunteer work.
Para. 7 Thanks.
Ⅱ.阅读课文并选出最佳选项
1．How does the writer introduce the topic
A．By showing examples.
B．By making comparison.
C．By asking questions.
D．By giving data.
答案：C
2．Which word can best describe how the writer felt when her mother left for Africa
A．Excited. B．Sad.
C．Calm. D．Supportive.
答案：B
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Many dangerous diseases are still common in Africa.
B．Many of the people in Africa are very poor.
C．The hospital built by China helps the people in Africa a lot.
D．People in Africa have no access to convenient transport systems.
答案：D
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．The writer isn't proud of her mother's work.
B．We have built a community with a shared future.
C．The writer might volunteer to help those abroad.
D．The writer doesn't like being a volunteer.
答案：C
词汇 精讲
1．appeal to对……有吸引力；使……感兴趣；上诉，申诉；呼吁；恳求
[教材原句] How does the idea of... appeal to you 这个……的想法是如何吸引你的？
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
A temporary hospital needs to be built here，so the government appeals to the people for support.
这里需要建一所临时医院，所以政府呼吁人们给予支持。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)The meeting room suddenly caught fire. Organizers appealed to the crowd not to panic.
(2)Spending the holidays in Britain wasn't what I found particularly appealing(appeal)．
完成句子
(3)The idea of adopting a child really appeals_to(对……有吸引力) her, but her husband doesn't agree with her.
2．in need of 需要……
[教材原句]Why help people overseas when China has many areas that are still in need of development 在中国许多地区仍然需要发展的时候，为什么要帮助海外的人呢？
[归纳拓展]
(1)in need 在困难中；在危急中
satisfy/meet/identify a need 满足/迎合/看出某种需求
(2)“in＋n.”型短语
in difficulty 处在困难中 in sight 看得见
in doubt 怀疑 in danger 处在危险中
in comfort 舒适地 in debt 负债
in order 有序地 in fun 开玩笑
in public 公开地 in peace 和平地，安详地
[佳句背诵]
The boat was at the mercy of the sea, in great need of help.
这条船任凭大海摆布，急需帮助。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(共14张PPT)
UNIT 4 SHARING
单元重点归纳
2门世2有
3厚
