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2门世2有
3厚UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
话题阅读 导入主题
A Boy's Best Friend
Mr Anderson said, “Where's Jimmy, dear？” “Out on the crater，” said Mrs Anderson. “Robutt is with him. Did he arrive？” “Yes. He's at the rocket station, going through the tests. I haven't really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.”
“Jimmy has never seen one，” said Mrs Anderson.
“Because he's Moon born and can't visit Earth. That's why I'm bringing one here. I think it's the first one ever on the Moon.”
Jimmy was out on the crater, as his mother had said. His arms and legs were long and agile. He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth born human being could. The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater slope was brightly lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn't keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent.
(节选自外研版 选择性必修第三册 Unit 4)
[词海拾贝]
①crater n．火山口；坑
②agile adj.敏捷的；灵活的
③slope v．倾斜；成斜坡
④keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
⑤nonexistent adj.不存在的
[佳句精析]
1．I haven't really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.
分析：句中since引导时间状语从句。
译文：自从我15年前离开地球以来我还没有真正见过一个。
2．That's why I'm bringing one here.
分析：本句是固定句型：That's why... 意为“那就是为什么……”。
译文：那就是为什么我要带过来一个。
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
温馨提示 课前自主预习课文见本书253页SATISFACTION GUARANTEED (Adapted)
基础 自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Real life is sometimes stranger than fiction(小说)．
2．He received a box of cookies as a bonus(意外收获) when he bought coffee at the shop.
3．I'll show you how to settle such ridiculous/absurd(荒谬的) stuff.
4．She was paring her nails(指甲) with nail scissors.
5．A man is accounted innocent until he is proven guilty(有罪的)．
6．The policeman was suspended(暂停) while the complaint was investigated.
7．It was absurd/ridiculous(荒唐的) of you to suggest such a thing.
8．He was halfway down the ladder(梯子) when he fell.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1. As_a_favour,_he promised to help his girlfriend to make her home more elegant.
2．In The Wandering Earth, China's home grown science_fiction,_the love of the family and the hometown is the core.
3．About 150 years later, Benjamin Franklin used a kite with butterflies to experiment_with one of the earliest known electrical equipment.
4．In our era, the function of museums would transform and become more_like multimedia organizations.
5．In order to figure out what is the most essential to the crops, we would test_out the growth of crops in this barren field.
Ⅲ.教材原句
1．完全倒装句型
As she turned around, there_stood Gladys Claffern.当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
2．suggest (that)＋主语＋(should) do sth. 建议某人做某事
He suggested_that_she_invite Gladys and her friends to the house...他还建议她……邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。
语篇 细研
Ⅰ.阅读课文并填空
Characters(角色)
Larry Belmont Claire Tony Gladys Claffern
An employee at a 1.robot company Larry Belmont's 2.wife A 3.robot Claire's4.neighbour
General plot(大体情节)
Part 1(Paras. 1—3) Claire's 5.attitude to a robot at home and how she felt when she first knew Tony.
Part 2(Paras. 4—8) What Tony did to 6.help Claire.
Part 3(Para. 9) The night before Tony 7.left.
Ⅱ.阅读课文并选出最佳选项
1．The text mainly tells us ________.
A．the robot's facial expression couldn't change like people
B．the robot could do everything that man can do
C．an experiment tested out by the household robot Tony
D．an experiment where a household robot was tested out
答案：D
2．Why did Claire feel alarmed when she saw the robot
A．The robot was in fact not a machine.
B．She didn't like him.
C．She had seen the robot before.
D．The robot was more like a human than a machine.
答案：D
3．Who did Claire turn to for help when the clerk at the counter was rude to her
A．Her husband.
B．Gladys Claffern.
C．Tony, the robot.
D．The manager of the shop.
答案：C
4．Which of the following is NOT Tony's characteristic
A．Clumsy. B．Handsome.
C．Helpful. D．Smart.
答案：A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
A robot used for housework was tested 1.out in Larry's family. He looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth hair and a deep voice. Larry was going to be away from home with the robot 2.accompanying(accompany) his wife Claire. Claire didn't like the idea in 3.the beginning, but she agreed to it at last. At her first sight of Tony, Claire was alarmed. When Tony offered to help her dressing, Claire felt 4.embarrassed(embarrass). 5.Gradually(gradual), Tony began to win Claire's trust. Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle and improved her makeup. He suggested that she invite Gladys and her 6.friends(friend) to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was 7.to_return(return). By that time, Tony expected that the house, 8.which was being completely transformed, would be ready. The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight. The guests 9.would_be_arriving(arrive) soon. Tony 10.declared(declare) that he did not want to leave her the next day. Then the front door bell rang.
词汇 精讲
1. test out 检验；测试
[教材原句]It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.机器人将由拉里的妻子克莱尔进行试用。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
Whether this pill is helpful or not will be tested out by time.
这种药是否有用将由时间来验证。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)He tested his students on reading.
(2)His work is to test out new designs of vases.
完成句子
(3)Her constant questions put_the_teacher's_patience_to_the_test(是对老师耐心的考验)．
2．alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的
[教材原句]However，when she first saw the robot，she felt alarmed.然而，当克莱尔第一次看到机器人时，她还是有点惊慌。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be alarmed at/by... 对……感到忧虑或害怕
be alarmed to do sth. 害怕做某事
(2)alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n．警报；惊恐
in alarm 惊恐地
(3)alarming adj.令人惊恐的
[佳句背诵]
They were alarmed at the negative effect of the Internet.
他们对网络的负面影响感到忧虑。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)On hearing the scream, he jumped up in alarm.
(2)She was alarmed to_find(find) her belongings lost in the fire.
句型转换
(3)The government was alarmed at the air quality and decided to take some measures.
→Alarmed_at_the_air_quality，the government decided to take some measures.(分词短语作状语)
3．ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
[教材原句]Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot...克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬……
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
She thought that it was ridiculous that the sculpture was brought to life and fell in love with the hero.
她认为这件雕塑复活并爱上了主人公是很可笑的。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
(1) It_is_ridiculous_that(……是荒谬的) they are short of water in a country where it is always raining.
(2)She looked_ridiculous(看上去很可笑) in this hat while she was fond of the style.
4．favour n．恩惠；喜爱；帮忙 vt.喜爱；偏袒
[教材原句]As a favour，Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.当是帮助，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，把她变得更漂亮些，也把她的家变得更雅致些。
[归纳拓展]
do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙
in favour of 同意；支持；为获得(更好或更需要的事物)
in one's favour 有利于某人
[佳句背诵]
Will you do me a favour and convey the furniture to my home
你可以帮我把这些家具运送到我家吗？
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)Then we voted for the monitor. The result was 28 to 15 in Wang Hong's favour.
(2)People who are in favour of modern city life may think it is rather dull to live in the countryside.
完成句子
(3)I wonder if/whether_you_could_do_a_favour_for_me/do_me_a_favour(你能否帮我个忙)．
5. accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏
[教材原句]As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops... 由于他被禁止陪同克莱尔去商店……
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
While she danced wonderfully on the stage, her mother accompanied her on the piano.
她在台上精彩地展示舞姿的同时，她母亲在用钢琴为她伴奏。
名师点津
一般不使用accompany sb. to do sth.来表示“陪伴某人做某事”。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)I don't think it's necessary for parents to accompany their children to college.
(2)Children, accompanied(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
完成句子
(3)We did a lot for the elderly at the nursing home, washing clothes for them and accompanying_them(陪伴他们), which made them happy and refreshed.
6．appointment n．预约；约会；委任，任命
[教材原句]She had an appointment to paint her nails，then she went into an expensive clothes shop.她按预约去美甲后，走进了一家高档时装店。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
However, I'm chosen to represent our school to take part in the English debate competition. As a result, I have to break our appointment.
然而，我被选中代表我们学校参加英语辩论比赛。因此，我不得不爽约了。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)Viewing is by appointment(appoint) only.
(2)Everyone was assembled in the hall at the appointed(appoint) time.
(3)Getting the most votes，Jack was appointed as/to_be monitor.
完成句子
(4)I am sorry, but I have no choice but to put_off_our_appointment(推迟我们的约会) for I have my foot hurt.
7. strike vt.& vi.报时；打；撞击；罢工；打动；迷住；突然想起；袭击 n．罢工
[教材原句] The clock struck eight.时钟敲响八点整。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
They were struck by the wonderful rhythm and began to sing.
他们被优美的节奏打动了，也开始唱起来。
[巧学活用]
写出下列句中strike 的含义
(1)The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake. 迷住
(2)That area was struck by a snowstorm. 袭击
(3)Did you hear the clock strike 报时
(4)The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down. 罢工
(5)As I watched them, an idea struck me. 突然想起
8．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；不予考虑
[教材原句]The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night. 客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
She was innocent and should not be dismissed from her post.
她是无辜的，不应该被解雇。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)In consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you from your position.
(2)Dismissing(dismiss) her fears and encouraged by his words, she climbed higher.
(3)The professor dismissed(dismiss)the class early because she had a meeting.
9．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
[教材原句]She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day...她听到他说他次日并不想离开她……
[归纳拓展]
(1)declare sb./sth. to be... 宣布某人/某事是……
declare for/against... 赞成/反对……
declare war (on...) (向……)宣战
declare... open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
declare that... 声称/宣布……
(2)declaration n．公告；宣言；宣告
[佳句背诵]
It didn't take long before the place was declared a nature reserve and the endangered animals got adequately protected.
没过多久，这个地方就被宣布为自然保护区，濒危动物得到了充分保护。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)They declared against building a new bridge because it would cost a lot of money.
(2)The competition was_declared(declare) open yesterday.
完成句子
(3)When the teacher declared_me_to_be_the_winner_of(宣布我是……的获胜者) the English Speech Contest, I was surprised and pleased.
句式 突破
1．As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。[教材原句]
[句式解构]
本句中的there stood Gladys Claffern为完全倒装句型。
[归纳拓展]
使用完全倒装句的几种情况：
(1)here、there、in、out、off、away、up、down、now、then等表示方位、方向或时间的副词或者表示地点的介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be、come、go、remain、lie、run等，且主语是名词时，用完全倒装。
(2)主系表结构中，作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时用完全倒装。
(3)such作表语置于句首时用完全倒装。
[佳句背诵]
Into the dark apartment walked my friend, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy Birthday”．
我的朋友走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊“生日快乐”时，他感到很惊讶。
名师点津
(1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语保持一致。
(2)完全倒装句的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则主谓不用倒装。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were(be) the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
(2)Look！There stands(stand) an old pine tree in the ancient temple.
完成句子
(3)Class was over and out_rushed(冲出) the happy children.
2．He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house...他还建议她……邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。[教材原句]
[句式解构]
本句中的suggested that she invite...为“suggest that＋主语＋ (should) do sth.”结构，意为“建议某人做某事”。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
It is suggested that she should make her mind at once.
建议她立即做出决定。
名师点津
(1)suggest 表示“建议”时，后面不能接to do，但可以接动词 ing 形式， 即suggest doing sth.，意为“建议做某事”。
(2)suggest 表示“暗示，表明”时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)To help us prepare for the exam，the teacher suggested reading(read) through our notes.
(2)Tom's sleepy look suggested that he was(be)tired of his study and I suggested that he (should)_have(have) a rest.
(3)The suggestion is that all the people who will join in picking apples should wear a hat and a pair of gloves.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I have an appointment(预约) with the manager of that company in the evening.
2．If you don't concentrate more on your work, you'll be dismissed(解雇)．
3．I feel so guilty(内疚的) and angry about the whole issue.
4．We have time and time again declared(宣布) that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.
5．Isn't it absurd/ridiculous(荒谬的) to plant crops and not weed the fields
6．He would not accept this job for such a small salary(薪水)．
7．They want a house, whereas/while(然而) we would rather live in a flat.
8．We do this because we believe in the dignity_(尊严) and value of every person.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He made his statement on Sunday but it was more like a declaration(declare) of war.
2．I await your urgent reply so that we can make an appointment(appoint) with you and pick you up at your earliest convenience.
3．It is absurd to_go(go) fishing in such terrible weather.
4．She was found guilty(guilt) of stealing from her employers, which made her parents very sorrowful.
5．You can often watch a scene in a film where the little mice are used to test out drugs.
6．His brother's example inspired him to try out for the football team.
7．When it comes to how to speak fluent Chinese, I suggest that you (should)_learn(learn) a bunch of pronunciation rules first.
8．As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter(smart) and her home more elegant.
9．The driver declared(declare) guilty may be fined a maximum of $25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison.
10．It was evident that all the proofs we collected proved him to be guilty.
Ⅲ.利用本单元所学词汇，完成下面短文
Working as a 1.saleswoman(女售货员) with a small 2.salary(薪水), Mary desired to be a writer of science 3.fiction(小说)and wanted to lead a life with 4.dignity(尊严)．Her father wasn't 5.in_favour_of(支持) her, thinking 6.it_was_ridiculous(……是荒谬的) for a girl to be a writer. Fortunately, her mother stood up for her and often 7.accompanied(陪伴) her to the nearby bookstore. Mary was aware that it was time to 8.test_out(检验) her determination. Eventually, her father felt 9.guilty(内疚的) and 10.declared(宣布) to the whole family that he would support her forever.
课时作业(一) Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The salesman wants to go there by bus, whereas(然而) his wife would rather go by bike.
2．Even though this is a science fiction, the plot is much too ridiculous/absurd(荒谬的)．
3．No matter how rich you are, you must treat the old with dignity(尊严)．
4．Hold the ladder (梯子) tightly and move up a rung at a time.
5．The judge declared that the accused was not guilty(有罪的) in court.
6．Few people dared to declare (宣称) their opposition on the regime.
7．The saleswoman can't get the bonus(奖金) of this month because she didn't finish the task on time.
8．He put a ladder against the wall to have a lamp suspended(悬挂)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Once you have made an appointment(appoint), you should keep it rather than break it.
2．The chairwoman declared for the policy which was made on March 24 and called on us to vote for it.
3．The saleswoman felt guilty(guilt) for not treating the old customer with dignity.
4．Production has been suspended (suspend) while safety checks are carried out.
5．Standing on the top of the ladder was/is(be) a monkey holding a big apple.
6．The manager was dismissed for making a few wrong decisions.
7．The new machine has been tested out many times for the sake of safety.
8．America declared war on/against Japan after the attack on the Pearl Harbor in 1941.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．这些机器在投入市场之前必须被检验。
The_machines_must_be_tested_out before they are put into market.
2．据宣布我们下个月会加薪。
It_is_declared_that our salary will be raised next month.
3．我要赴一个重要的约会，所以明天我不能去机场送你了。
I_have_an_important_appointment_to_keep so I can't see you off at the airport tomorrow.
4．对于克莱尔来说，托尼更像是一个家人而不是一个家用机器人。
For Claire, Tony is more_like_a_family_member_than_a_household_robot.
5．山脚下是一面湖，许多美丽的鸟儿在湖面上嬉戏。
At_the_foot_of_the_hill_lies_a_lake on which many beautiful birds play.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了从小就很爱思考且好学的约翰·托德设计了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水的故事。
1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.”和第二段中的“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals ”可知，约翰从小求知欲就很强。故选C。
答案：C
2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals.
B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the eco machine.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After a few weeks, John added the sludge.”和第四段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
答案：D
3．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.”可知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰的想法在实际中的应用。故选B。
答案：B
4．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair.”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
答案：A
B
For the first time，scientists have grown plants in the moon soil (土壤) collected by NASA's Apollo astronauts. The scientists had no idea whether anything would grow in the moon soil. They wanted to see if it could be used to grow food by the next generation of moon explorers.
Robert Ferl of the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences was surprised with the results. He and other researchers planted small flowering plants in the moon soil returned from the Apollo missions. The good news was that all of the plants grew. The bad news was that after the first week，the moon soil stressed the plants so much that they grew slowly. Most of the moon plants were small or not fully developed.
The longer the soil was exposed (暴露) to solar wind on the moon，the worse the plants seemed to do. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 mission was the least helpful for growth. It was exposed a couple billion years longer to the elements, the scientists said.
Simon Gilroy of the University of Wisconsin Madison wasn't part of the study. He said, “This is a big step forward to know that you can grow plants.” Gilroy added, “The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon.”
Moon soil is full of glass particles (微粒)．They got in the Apollo lunar landers and wore down the moonwalkers' spacesuits. One solution might be to use younger spots on the moon for digging up soil. The environment also could be changed by adding special nutrient (养分) mixtures or man made lighting.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于月球上的泥土是否可以用来种植粮食的研究。
5．What happened to the plants after the first week
A．They grew better than before.
B．They died from lack of water.
C．They failed to grow very well.
D．They were struck by diseases.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The bad news was that after the first week, the moon soil stressed the plants so much that they grew slowly. Most of the moon plants were small or not fully developed.(坏消息是，第一周后，月球土壤对植物的压力太大，以至于它们生长缓慢。大多数月球植物都很小或发育不完全。)”可知，第一周之后，植物发生的变化是：它们没能长得很好。故选C。
答案：C
6．What made the plants grow worse
A．Solar wind.
B．Glass particles.
C．Man made lighting.
D．Nutrient mixtures.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The longer the soil was exposed (暴露) to solar wind on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to do.(土壤在月球上暴露于太阳风的时间越长，植物的状况似乎越差。)”可知，是太阳风让植物生长得更糟糕。故选A。
答案：A
7．According to the text, Simon Gilroy ________.
A．thinks highly of the research
B．took part in the study himself
C．found a way to improve the soil
D．works at the University of Florida
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Simon Gilroy of the University of Wisconsin Madison wasn't part of the study. He said，‘This is a big step forward to know that you can grow plants.’(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的西蒙·吉尔罗伊没有参与这项研究。他说：“认识到你可以种植植物，这是向前迈出的一大步。”)”可知，西蒙·吉尔罗伊虽然没有参与研究，但是高度评价了这项研究。故选A。
答案：A
8．What is the text mainly about
A．NASA collected soil from the moon.
B．Astronauts returned to Earth safely.
C．Scientists grew plants in the lunar soil.
D．Explorers grew food on the moon.
解析：主旨大意题。分析全文内容，并结合第一段中的“The scientists had no idea whether anything would grow in the moon soil. They wanted to see if it could be used to grow food by the next generation of moon explorers.(科学家们不知道月球土壤中是否会生长任何东西。他们想看看下一代探月者是否可以将其用于种植粮食。)”和第二段中的“He and other researchers planted small flowering plants in the moon soil returned from the Apollo missions.(他和其他研究人员在阿波罗任务带回的月球土壤中种植了小型开花植物。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于月球上的泥土是否可以用来种植粮食的研究。所以，C选项“科学家在月球土壤中种植植物。”概括了全文内容。故选C。
答案：C
Ⅴ.完形填空
Last summer I talked with my daughter studying in her last year in high school about her graduation album. I asked which __1__ she selected to take her pictures for it. She told me she __2__ no one, adding she'd rather have a friend or family member snap a few candid (抓拍的) shots and __3__ from them. It would be a good idea to me since she __4__ available photos of herself, and it would be a __5__ to spend hundreds of dollars and have her like none of the photos. Of course, I asked her several times to be __6__ afterwards.
After two __7__ she still didn't like any of the photos I took for her very much and told me she wasn't submitting one for the graduation album. As the __8__ was fast approaching, I warned her that the school might use her __9__ from her school ID and asked again if she was certain she wanted to go this route. Her answer was __10__ so I decided to let it go.
Yes. I could have picked a photo my daughter didn't like and submitted it behind her back, but I knew it wouldn't have __11__ well. So I didn't do that.
My daughter is __12__ enough to make such a decision on her own. It's her senior year. The fact that she doesn't want to __13__ a senior portrait for the graduation album doesn't __14__ there's anything wrong with her. I need to let her do her thing.
I had my senior year and did it the way I wanted. Now it's my daughter's __15__.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与正在高中最后一年的女儿讨论毕业相册的故事。女儿决定不选择专业摄影师，而是让朋友或家人拍一些真实的照片。作者担心女儿不喜欢照片，但尊重女儿的选择。作者意识到这是女儿的高中毕业年，她应该让女儿做自己想做的事情。
1．A.reporter B．photographer
C．volunteer D．teacher
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我问她选择了哪位摄影师为她拍照。A.reporter记者；B.photographer摄影师；C.volunteer志愿者；D.teacher教师。根据下文“take her pictures for it”可知，作者询问选择哪位摄影师为女儿拍照。故选B。
答案：B
2．A.paid B．imagined
C．declined D．chose
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我她没有选择任何人，并补充说，她宁愿让朋友或家人拍几张抓拍的照片，然后从中挑选。A.paid付费；B.imagined想象；C.declined拒绝；D.chose选择。根据上文“I asked which __1__ she selected to take her pictures for it.”可知，作者询问选择哪位摄影师为女儿拍照，女儿告知作者没有选择任何人。故选D。
答案：D
3．A.buy B．deliver
C．pick D．borrow
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.buy购买；B.deliver送货；C.pick挑选；D.borrow借。根据上文“a few candid (抓拍的) shots”可知，女儿宁愿让朋友或家人拍几张抓拍的照片，然后从中挑选。故选C。
答案：C
4．A.keeps B．expects
C．loses D．dislikes
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是个好主意，因为她不喜欢(专门摄影师拍摄的)照片，而且如果花了几百美元，却没有一张她喜欢，那就太可惜了。A.keeps保持；B.expects期望；C.loses丢失；D.dislikes不喜欢。根据上文“It would be a good idea to me”以及下文“have her like none of the photos”可知，女儿愿意从抓拍的照片中选择一些，这对作者来说是一个好主意。由此表明，作者女儿不喜欢专门找摄影师拍摄的照片。故选D。
答案：D
5．A.shame B．joke
C．punishment D．hit
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.shame令人惋惜的事；B.joke笑话；C.punishment惩罚；D.hit打击。根据下文“have her like none of the photos”可知，花了几百美元，却没有一张喜欢的照片，这是令人惋惜的事(太可惜了)。故选A。
答案：A
6．A.helpful B．sure
C．safe D．happy
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，事后我问了她好几次，以确定是否属实。A. helpful有帮助的；B.sure确信的，属实的；C.safe安全的；D.happy快乐的。根据上文“asked her several times”可知，作者为了确认属实，询问了好几次。故选B。
答案：B
7．A.seconds B．hours
C．months D．decades
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，她仍然不太喜欢我为她拍的照片，并告诉我她不会为毕业相册提交任何照片。A.seconds秒；B.hours小时；C.months月份；D.decades十年。根据上文“about her graduation album”可知，因为拍摄的是毕业相册，所以时间应该是两个月后。故选C。
答案：C
8．A.celebration B．schedule
C．semester D．deadline
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：截止日期快到了，我提醒她，学校可能会用她学生证上的照片，并再次问她是否确定想选择这条路。A.celebration庆祝；B.schedule日程表；C.semester学期；D.deadline截止日期。根据上文“she wasn't submitting one for the graduation album”可知，女儿依旧没有提交毕业照片，随着截止日期快到了，作者提醒女儿。故选D。
答案：D
9．A.drawing B．design
C．picture D．number
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.drawing画；B.design设计；C.picture图片，照片；D.number数字。根据下文“from her school ID”可知，作者提醒女儿，学校可能会用她学生证上的照片。故选C。
答案：C
10．A.disappointing B．positive
C．strange D．unclear
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的回答是肯定的，所以我决定放手。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.positive肯定的；C.strange奇怪的；D.unclear不清楚的。根据下文“so I decided to let it go”可知，作者女儿的回答是肯定的，所以作者决定放手。故选B。
答案：B
11．A.worked B．looked
C．covered D．moved
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本可以挑一张我女儿不喜欢的照片，背着她提交，但我知道这样做不会有什么效果。A.worked起作用，有效果；B.looked看；C.covered覆盖；D.moved移动。根据上文“I could have picked a photo my daughter didn't like and submitted it behind her back”以及下文“So I didn't do that.”可知，作者本可以挑一张女儿不喜欢的照片，背着她提交，但作者知道这样做不会有什么效果，所以没有这样做。故选A。
答案：A
12．A.great B．old
C．calm D．kind
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我女儿已经长大了，可以自己做这样的决定了。A.great伟大的；B.old年纪大的；C.calm冷静的；D.kind友善的。根据下文“to make such a decision on her own”可知，作者认为女儿已经长大了，可以自己做决定了。故选B。
答案：B
13．A.laugh at B．exchange for
C．hand in D．care about
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不想为毕业相册交一张毕业照，这并不意味着她有什么问题。A.laugh at嘲笑；B.exchange for交换；C.hand in交上；D.care about关心。根据上文“After two __7__ she still didn't like any of the photos I took for her very much and told me she wasn't submitting one for the graduation album.”可知，女儿不想为毕业相册提交一张毕业照。故选C。
答案：C
14．A.hope B．explain
C．determine D．mean
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. hope希望；B.explain解释；C. determine确定；D. mean意味着。根据下文“there's anything wrong with her”可知，作者的女儿不想为毕业相册交一张毕业照，这并不意味着她有什么问题。故选D。
答案：D
15．A.turn B．result
C．action D．answer
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在轮到我女儿了。A.turn次序；B.result结果；C.action行动；D.answer答案。根据上文“I had my senior year and did it the way I wanted.”可知，作者在自己的高中阶段，按照自己想要的方式去做了，这一次轮到自己的女儿了。故选A。
答案：A
Ⅵ.语法填空
Handan lies at the east foot of Taihang Mountains, and borders the North China Plain in the east. 1.________(it) climate features four clear seasons. It is dry and 2.________(wind) in spring, hot and rainy in summer. The weather is mild and cool in autumn and chilly in winter.
3．________(locate) in the south of Hebei Province, Handan is in the communication center of Hebei, Henan, Shanxi and Shandong about 200 kilometers away from 4.________ capital cities of these four provinces and about 450 kilometers away from Beijing and Tianjin. 5.________(be) an important transportation center, Handan possesses the integrated transport means of railway, highway and aviation, 6.________ can serve 13 cities nearby with a population of about 70 million.
Handan is also a famous historical and cultural city. The Cishan Culture 7.________(make) this area a glowing pearl in the Central Plains of China about 8,000 years ago. Handan is regarded 8.________ the most time honored city in Hebei. It used to be a political, economic and cultural center of northern China.
The idiom is one of the 9.________(representative) of ancient culture in Handan. Among the idioms people use in daily life, there are 1,584 of them from or related to Handan. What's more, Handan has many scenic spots, such as The Wahuang Palace and Jingniang Lake for tourists 10.________(visit). Travelers can get deep cultured in this ancient city and learn about the interesting idioms.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了历史文化名城邯郸的相关信息。
1．解析：考查形容词性物主代词。句意：它的气候特点是四季分明。此处指“邯郸的”，用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词climate；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Its。
答案：Its
2．解析：考查形容词。句意：春天干燥多风，夏天炎热多雨。空处应用形容词windy和前面的形容词dry一起作表语。故填windy。
答案：windy
3．解析：考查过去分词。句意：邯郸位于河北省南部，地处河北、河南、山西、山东四省的交通中心，距四省省会城市约200公里，距北京、天津约450公里。固定短语be located in意为“位于”，分析句子可知，空处应用过去分词短语located in...作状语；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Located。
答案：Located
4．解析：考查冠词。句意同上题。特指四省的省会城市capital cities，用定冠词the。故填the。
答案：the
5．解析：考查现在分词。句意：邯郸是重要的交通枢纽，拥有铁路、公路、航空等综合交通工具，可服务周边13个城市，人口约7 000万。分析句子可知，逻辑主语Handan和动词be是主动关系，be用现在分词形式作状语表主动，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Being。
答案：Being
6．解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意同上题。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the integrated transport means，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
答案：which
7．解析：考查时态。句意：磁山文化使这一地区在大约8 000年前成为中国中原地区一颗璀璨的明珠。结合时间状语about 8,000 years ago可知，动作已发生，谓语动词用一般过去式。故填made。
答案：made
8．解析：考查固定短语。句意：邯郸被认为是河北历史最悠久的城市。固定短语be regarded as意为“被认为是”。故填as。
答案：as
9．解析：考查名词的数。句意：成语是邯郸古代文化的代表之一。one of ＋可数名词复数形式，意为“……之一”，空处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填representatives。
答案：representatives
10．解析：考查不定式。句意：此外，邯郸还有许多景点，如娲皇宫和京娘湖，供游客去游览。空处应用不定式形式表将要去做的动作。故填to visit。
答案：to visit
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
复习被动语态
语法 讲习
1．被动语态的基本构成
语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。下面几种情况一般用被动语态：
(1)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。
The meeting has been put off.会议已被推迟了。
(2)强调动作的承受者时。
This sculpture was carved by him.这个雕塑是他雕刻的。
(3)出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。
Everyone is expected to obey the following rules.希望大家遵守以下规定。
2．各种时态的被动语态
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done have/has been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall/ will be done 无 shall/will have been done
过去 将来 should/ would be done 无 should/would have been done
All the work has been finished by now.到现在为止所有的工作都已经做完了。
The crew had been warned many times before they carried out the plan.在执行这项计划之前，全体工作人员已经被提醒过多次了。
The work will have been finished by the end of next month.到下个月末，这项工作将被完成。
3．使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
(1)否定词not的位置要在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor's degree.听到自己不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。
(2)主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。
We saw him enter the classroom.＝He was seen to enter the classroom.有人看见他走进了教室。
名师点津
(1)在主动语态中，make、hear、see 等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。
(2)带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for 或to 引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的 (间接)宾语变为主语。
My father is telling me an interesting story now.＝An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.＝I'm being told an interesting story by my father now.现在爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。
(3)动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。
The radio is listened to by him every day.他每天都收听广播。
4．主动形式表示被动意义
(1)连系动词(如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、remain、seem、hear、appear、prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来美味可口。
What he said at the meeting sounded encouraging.他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。
(2)当wash、write、sell、open、close、shut、lock、cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily、well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.这种布料容易洗，并且经久耐用。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.父亲作为生日礼物给我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
(3)need、want、require、deserve等后可以用动词 ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
His hair needs cutting.＝His hair needs to be cut.他的头发需要剪了。
(4)be worth doing可转换为be worthy to be done，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The novel is worth reading again.＝The novel is worthy to be read again.这部小说值得再读一次。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will_be_rewarded(reward) with success in the end.
2．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it was_being_decorated(decorate)．
3．—Have you heard about that fire in the market
—Yes, fortunately no one was_hurt(hurt)．
4．It is the first time that he has_been_bitten(bite) by a dog.
5．The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow，when a snowstorm is_expected(expect) to strike our area.
6．When they got home, they found that their house had_been_broken(break) into and a lot of valuable things had been stolen.
7．—Hi, Li Ping, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon
—Sorry. It is_being_repaired(repair)．
8．The parts of a museum open to the public are_called(call) galleries or rooms.
9．His book sells(sell) well, so it will be sold out soon.
10．These small trees need taking/to_be_taken(take) good care of.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．When and where to go for the on salary holiday hasn't_been_decided(还没有决定下来) yet.
2．Our geography teacher told us that the earth is_made_up_of(由……组成) seven continents and four oceans.
3．When I went there last year, a bridge was_being_built(正在被修建)．
4．In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadn't_been_invented(没有发明出来) yet.
5．The Lantern Festival is_celebrated(被庆祝) on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
6．Tom was_caught(遇上) in the heavy rain last night and unluckily, he didn't have an umbrella.
7．Every possible means has_been_used(被使用) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear there.
8．The wall is_being_painted(正在被粉刷) at the moment, so it doesn't look its best.
课时作业(二) Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A rumour(谣言) quickly spread that he was a traitor and suffered great grief.
2．The light in Mary's home isn't on, so I presume(假设) she has gone out to take part in the contest.
3．After leaving school, I saved up the fare(船费) and went to the place that I had been dreaming of.
4．Generally speaking, each course comprises 10 informal weekly(每周的) meetings, and later I will introduce them respectively.
5．Though I am an amateur calculator, I believe I am capable of calculating(预测) the political consequences accurately.
6．The International Convention Centre which is made up of 5 stadiums is the venue(活动场所) for a three day art festival.
7．After six years of manual labor, he was finally allowed to train other salesmen(售货员)．
8．A suitable answer has already been put forward by the chairwoman (女主席)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．His newest science fiction was_published(publish) last September.
2．The special dish which is_made(make) from rice and chicken tastes really great.
3．Rumours about the actor's hidden marriage are_being_circulated(circulate) these days.
4．Many new applications have_been_added(add) to smartphones in the past few years.
5．A high speed rail will_be_put(put) into use in Nanping next month.
6．When he wanted to climb down from the roof, he found that the ladder had_been_taken(take) away by somebody.
7．The moment I entered the meeting room, a ridiculous proposal was_being_discussed(discuss)．
8．The salesman said all goods that he sold could be_returned(return) if they were not damaged.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
[2023·全国乙卷]
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10 minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route(路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。
1．How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A．By teaming up with other photographers.
B．By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C．By studying the geographical conditions.
D．By creating settings in the corn fields.
解析：细节理解题。通过第二段中的“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.(我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照。)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。
答案：B
2．What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A．Proper time management.
B．Good shooting techniques.
C．Adventurous spirit.
D．Distinctive styles.
解析：推理判断题。通过最后一段中的“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.(尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好。)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。
答案：A
3．What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B．They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C．They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D．They had problems with their equipment.
解析：推理判断题。通过最后一段中的“However, we did not mark the route(路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.(然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落。)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
答案：C
4．How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake
A．Amusing. B．Satisfying.
C．Encouraging. D．Comforting.
解析：推理判断题。通过最后一段中的“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.(尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好。)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
答案：B
B
We've all been there—watching late night TV and a commercial comes on for something that looks positively mouthwatering. Maybe it's yummy pizza, a refreshing beer, or steamed chicken wings. We think “how I wish I could get my hands on that right now” but instead settle for a bowl of instant noodles or some biscuits and cheese.
A Japanese professor wants to change that, and has developed a prototype for a lickable television screen device that can imitate food flavors.
According to a report from Reuters, the device is called Taste the TV (TTTV) and it uses a moving belt of flavor canisters(气雾罐) that spray in combination to imitate the tastes of particular foods. The device works by releasing flavor from 10 canisters onto a sheet of film that is rolled over the TV or tablet screen，which users can lick.
“The goal is to make it possible for people to have the experience of something like eating at a restaurant on the other side of the world，even while staying at home，” Homei Miyashita，a professor at Meiji University in Tokyo, told Reuters, adding that it could be beneficial for people who want to interact with foods from around the world during the pandemic.
According to a demonstration video，researchers mixed various foods and used sensors to “taste” them. The video shows other ways the TTTV could be used. For instance, you could add flavoring to toast，or make one food taste like something else entirely. The canisters can spray different flavors, which mix them together to create the desired taste profile.
Miyashita told Reuters the device could also be helpful for distance learning classes for cooks or chefs, or could be used for tasting games and quizzes.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为“Taste the TV”的新发明，这是一种可舔的电视屏幕设备，该设备可以模拟食物的味道。
5．What is the function of Paragraph 1
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To draw a conclusion.
C．To strike a comparison.
D．To inform readers of a commercial.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We think ‘how I wish I could get my hands on that right now’ but instead settle for a bowl of instant noodles or some biscuits and cheese.(我们想“我多么希望我现在就可以得到它”，但却只能吃一碗方便面或一些饼干和奶酪。)”可知，文章第一段介绍了一种情况，当我们深夜想吃电视广告中的某些美食时，却无法立刻得到。根据第二段“A Japanese professor wants to change that, and has developed a prototype for a lickable television screen device that can imitate food flavors.(一位日本教授希望改变这种状况，并开发了一种可舔的电视屏幕设备的模型，该设备可以模拟食物的味道。)”可知，一位日本教授针对第一段中人们遇到的问题，开发了一种可舔的电视屏幕设备的模型，由此可知，文章第一段的作用是引出文章的主题，即一种可舔的电视屏幕设备。故选A。
答案：A
6．What does the underlined word “prototype” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Model. B．Habit.
C．Method. D．Style.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“a lickable television screen device that can imitate food flavors(可以模仿食物味道的可舔的电视屏幕设备)”可知，这位日本教授开发了一种可以模仿食物味道的可舔的电视屏幕设备。由此可知，他开发的应该是这种设备的一个模型，这个设备模型可以模拟食物的味道。model意为“模型”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A。
答案：A
7．What's the main idea of the third paragraph
A．The usage of the canister.
B．The origin of its name.
C．The reason for the invention.
D．The working principle of the invention.
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段“According to a report from Reuters，the device is called Taste the TV (TTTV) and it uses a moving belt of flavor canisters (气雾罐) that spray in combination to imitate the tastes of particular foods. The device works by releasing flavor from 10 canisters onto a sheet of film that is rolled over the TV or tablet screen，which users can lick.(据路透社报道，该设备名为“Taste the TV”，它使用一条移动的气雾罐带，混合喷洒，模仿特定食物的味道。该设备的工作原理是将10个罐中的味道释放到一张薄膜上，薄膜卷在电视或平板电脑屏幕上，用户可以舔一下。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了“品尝电视”的工作原理是什么，是通过使用一条移动的气雾罐带，将10个罐中的味道释放到一张薄膜上，薄膜卷在电视或平板电脑屏幕上，用户可以通过舔屏幕来品尝味道。故选D。
答案：D
8．What can TTTV be used for
A．Ordering food. B．World tours.
C．Fighting hunger. D．Distant teaching.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Miyashita told Reuters the device could also be helpful for distance learning classes for cooks or chefs，or could be used for tasting games and quizzes.(Miyashita告诉路透社，该设备还可以用于厨师或主厨的远程学习课程，也可以用于品尝游戏和测验。)”可知，这种发明可以用于厨师或主厨的远程学习课程。因此，TTTV的用途之一是远程教学。故选D。
答案：D
Ⅳ.七选五
Consumer behavior is the study of how people make purchase decisions to satisfy their needs or desires and how their emotional, mental and behavioral responses influence the buying decision. By understanding it, businesses can make their marketing efforts to focus on specific groups, improve brand images, and predict the trends. __1__Anyway, understanding consumer behavior is vital to any successful marketing strategy.
__2__Among them, marketing campaigns influence purchasing decisions a lot. If done right and regularly, with the right marketing message, they can even persuade consumers to change brands or choose more expensive alternatives.
For expensive products, like houses or cars, economic conditions play a big part. __3__The consumer's decision making process is longer for expensive purchases and it can be influenced by more personal factors at the same time.
Consumer behavior can also be influenced by personal factors: likes, dislikes, morals, and values. In industries like fashion or food, personal opinions are especially powerful. Of course, advertisements can influence behavior. However, finally, consumers choices are greatly influenced by their preferences. __4__
Last but not least, our purchasing power plays a significant role in influencing our behavior. Unless you're a billionaire, you'll consider your budget before making a purchase decision. __5__However, if you don't have the money for it, you won't buy it.
A．Education levels and social factors can have an impact.
B．Consumer behavior is often influenced by different factors.
C．The product might be excellent and the marketing could be great.
D．This knowledge can also help businesses stay ahead of their competition.
E．Vegetarians, no matter how many hamburger ads they see, won't start eating meat.
F．A positive economic environment can make consumers willing to buy them.
G．A consumer purchases a different product just because he or she wants to seek diversity.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了解消费者的行为对于成功的营销策略的重要性。
1．解析：上文“Consumer behavior is the study of how people make purchase decisions to satisfy their needs or desires and how their emotional, mental and behavioral responses influence the buying decision. By understanding it, businesses can make their marketing efforts to focus on specific groups, improve brand images, and predict the trends.(消费者行为是研究人们如何做出购买决定来满足他们的需求或欲望，以及他们的情感、心理和行为反应如何影响购买决定。通过了解它，企业可以使他们的营销努力集中在特定的群体，提高品牌形象，并预测趋势。)”说明了解消费者的行为对于营销策略意义重大，D项“这些知识还可以帮助企业在竞争中保持领先地位。”承接上文，继续说明了解消费者的行为的重要作用。故选D项。
答案：D
2．解析：下文“Among them, marketing campaigns influence purchasing decisions a lot. If done right and regularly, with the right marketing message, they can even persuade consumers to change brands or choose more expensive alternatives.(其中，营销活动对购买决策的影响很大。如果做得好，有规律，加上正确的营销信息，它们甚至可以说服消费者更换品牌或选择更昂贵的替代品。)”说明消费者行为会受到营销等不同因素的影响，B项“消费者行为经常受到不同因素的影响。”概括引领下文。故选B项。
答案：B
3．解析：上文“For expensive products, like houses or cars, economic conditions play a big part.(对于昂贵的产品，如房子或汽车，经济状况起着很大的作用。)”说明经济状况决定着消费者会不会购买昂贵的产品，F项“积极的经济环境可以使消费者愿意购买。”承接上文，说明积极的经济状况可以使消费者愿意购买昂贵产品。其中“A positive economic environment”和上文中“economic conditions”语义一致。故选F项。
答案：F
4．解析：上文“Of course, advertisements can influence behavior. However, finally, consumers choices are greatly influenced by their preferences.(当然，广告可以影响人们的行为。然而，最后，消费者的选择很大程度上受到他们的偏好的影响。)”说明虽然广告可以起作用，但是消费者的选择受到偏好的影响，E项“素食者，不管他们看到多少汉堡包广告，都不会开始吃肉。”举例说明上文观点，因为消费者是素食偏好，所以肉类广告并不起作用。故选E项。
答案：E
5．解析：下文“However, if you don't have the money for it, you won't buy it.(然而，如果你没有钱，你就不会买它。)”转折语义，说明如果没钱就不会买，C项“产品可能很好，营销也可能很好。”与下文之间存在转折关系，产品好，营销也好，但是消费者没钱就不会买。故选C项。
答案：C
Ⅴ.语法填空
Terminus, a pioneer in robotics and AI enabled IOT applications, is the only Chinese company 1.________ (select) as the official partner of the Expo 2020 Dubai, 2.________ has been re scheduled to be held from October 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022.
Terminus will establish its first overseas headquarters and Research and Development Center in Dubai. “As a pioneer among AIOT tech companies, Terminus finds it 3.________ (nature) to select Dubai as our first overseas headquarters' location. The United Arab Emirates，the second largest economy in the Arab region, 4.________ (make) remarkable progress in the field of AI in the past few years，” said Victor Ai, founder and CEO of Terminus.
According to Ai，the establishment of 5.________ overseas headquarters and Research and Development Center will allow the company 6.________ (adjust)，improve and diversify its existing range of technologies and products.
Having earned 7.________ (recognize) for its substantial expertise (专业知识) and abilities in the field of building smart cities, the company will 8.________ (easy) develop a smart system that can integrate fire protection, energy and facility management, and smart parking.
The AI City in Dubai has been established, and Terminus prepares 9.________ (it) to expand its business in other Middle East countries, as well as in North Africa, bringing its already mature business lines 10.________ the world.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了人工智能的先驱Terminus。
1．解析：考查过去分词。句意：作为机器人和支持人工智能的IOT应用的先驱，Terminus是唯一一家被选为2020年迪拜博览会的官方合作伙伴的中国公司，迪拜博览会已改为2021年10月1日至2022年3月31日举行。分析句子可知，select作定语，修饰company，二者之间是动宾关系，过去分词表示被动关系，故填selected。
答案：selected
2．解析：考查定语从句。句意同上题。分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰the Expo 2020 Dubai，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。
答案：which
3．解析：考查形容词。句意：作为国际科技公司的先驱，Terminus发现选择迪拜作为我们的第一个海外总部的位置是自然的。分析句子可知，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语“to select Dubai as our first overseas headquarters' location”，空处是宾语补足语，用形容词形式，故填natural。
答案：natural
4．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：“阿拉伯联合酋长国，阿拉伯地区的第二大经济体，在过去几年里在AI领域已经取得了显著进展，”Terminus创始人兼首席执行官维克多艾说。分析句子可知，make是谓语动词，由时间状语“in the past few years”可知，应用现在完成时，主语The United Arab Emirates是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填has made。
答案：has made
5．解析：考查冠词。句意：根据Ai说的，这个海外总部和研发中心的建立将允许公司调整、改进和使其现有的技术和产品范围多样化。根据上文“select Dubai as our first overseas headquarters' location”可知，此处特指上文提到的“在Dubai建立的海外总部和研发中心”，故填the。
答案：the
6．解析：考查不定式。句意同上题。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to adjust。
答案：to adjust
7．解析：考查名词。句意：凭借其在智能城市建设领域的丰富专业知识和能力赢得了认可，该公司将可以轻松地开发一个能够集消防、能源和设施管理以及智能停车为一体的智能系统。动词earn后接名词作宾语，recognition“认可”是不可数名词，故填recognition。
答案：recognition
8．解析：考查副词。句意同上题。修饰动词develop用副词作状语，故填easily。
答案：easily
9．解析：考查代词。句意：迪拜的人工智能城市已经建立，Terminus准备扩大其在其他中东国家和北非的业务，将其已经成熟的业务带到全世界。prepare oneself to do sth.“做好准备做某事”，该空作宾语，与主语指代同一事物，用反身代词，故填itself。
答案：itself
10．解析：考查介词和固定短语。句意同上题。bring sth. to...“把……带到……”是固定用法，根据句意，故填to。
答案：to
Section Ⅲ Using Language
温馨提示 课前自主预习课文见本书256页THE TIME MACHINE (Adapted)
基础 自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Your computer is far superior(更好的) to me.
2．The opposition speaker made a lively speech, lacing into the government for its recent inaction(无行动)．
3．Labour(劳动) is not only a necessity but also a pleasure.
4．The frightened child gripped(抓紧) his mother's arm.
5．Fetch(去拿来) me the tape from my drawer.
6．In our village, electric lights have taken the place of oil lamps(灯)．
7．The divisions(差异) between the various classes of society are not so sharply marked as they used to be.
8．A puff(一缕) of wind blew out the candle.
9．Most people know that the outcome of a coin toss is random(随机的)．
10．She sat stunned(使震惊) for a while, until she recovered.
Ⅱ.选词填空
fall away， have an urge to， turn out， conflict with， take over， at random， keep pace with， beside the point
1．What the drama wants to tell us is that the journey is all and the destination is beside_the_point.
2．The snowstorm caused traffic to fall_away sharply.
3．She conflicts_with her parents over her future career.
4．The librarian took a book at_random from the shelf.
5．I was afraid of the boy and I had_an_urge_to run away from him.
6．The film turned_out to be a great success.
7．The firm has been taken_over by an American conglomerate.
8．As a teenager, we should keep_pace_with the times.
Ⅲ.教材原句
1．as if引导方式状语从句
Night came as_if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
2．so long as引导条件状语从句
So_long_as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn't matter. 只要我以最快的速度前进，就不会有什么问题。
语篇 细研
Ⅰ.阅读课文并填空
Time My action Influence
Beginning I gave it a last check. The laboratory looked as 1.before but about 2.five_and_a_half hours passed.
Process I pushed the lever forwards and further. The laboratory went 3.hazy around me and day and night shifted 4.faster_and_faster.
My pace grew faster. The walls of the laboratory 5.fell_away and I was left 6.in_the_open_air.
I stopped the Time Machine. It was 7.flipped on its side and I was thrown 8.through_the_air.
Ending I was sitting in the rain in some mud. I had travelled 9.thousands of years.
Ⅱ.阅读课文并选出最佳选项
1．How did the time traveller first know he had travelled through time
A．The laboratory remained exactly as before.
B．His niece told him.
C．He realised from the clock on the wall.
D．The time machine told him.
答案：C
2．What happened to the time traveller's niece
A．She moved like a rocket in the lab.
B．She came to help the time traveller.
C．She saw the time traveller travel in the time machine.
D．She was looking for something in the lab for a little while.
答案：D
3．Why did the time traveller feel strange and unpleasant during the time travel
A．The time machine had been poorly designed.
B．He was travelling through time at such a high speed.
C．He suffered from the time lag.
D．He was feeling the time travel sick.
答案：B
4．Why was the time traveller worried about stopping the machine
A．Because he would lose control of the machine.
B．Because the machine would explode as a bomb.
C．Because the machine was so fast that he couldn't stop it.
D．Because the same space would be possessed by other things.
答案：D
5．What did the time traveller meet when he stopped
A．A dinosaur.
B．A storm.
C．A volcano.
D．An explosion of a bomb.
答案：B
词汇 精讲
1．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
[教材原句]In sci fi stories，robots often become superior and take over.在科幻小说中，机器人通常会变得更高级且占上风。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
Recycled bags are superior to plastic bags in environment protecting.
回收袋在环保方面优于塑料袋。
名师点津
superior 没有比较级，且不与than 连用。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)He is smaller than you，but he is superior to you.
(2)She's senior to me, so I have to do what she tells me.
2．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
[教材原句]In sci fi stories，robots often become superior and take over.在科幻小说中，机器人通常会变得更高级且占上风。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
Though technology is used to help us，we should not allow it to take over our lives.
虽然科技是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它来控制我们的生活。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)It has been suggested that mammals took over from dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
(2)Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
(3)I won't take up much of your time.
(4)After his third film, his career of the film performance took off.
3. remind... of... 使……想起……
[教材原句]That reminds me of...那让我想起了……
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
The old photos reminded me of the days I spent in the countryside.
这些老照片使我想起了我在农村度过的那些日子。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)Passengers are_reminded(remind)that no smoking is allowed on this train.
(2)He reminded me to_turn(turn) off the lights when I went out.
完成句子
(3)The campaign can remind_people_of_the_harm_that_cars_do_to_our_society(提醒人们汽车对我们社会产生的危害)．
4．conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
[教材原句]A ROBOT MUST OBEY THE ORDERS GIVEN IT BY HUMAN BEINGS EXCEPT WHERE SUCH ORDERS WOULD CONFLICT WITH THE FIRST LAW.机器人必须服从人类的命令，除非这些命令与第一定律相抵触。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
First, it is important to know even best friends may have a conflict, so don't feel upset about it.
首先，重要的是要知道即使是最好的朋友也可能有冲突，所以不要为此感到不安。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
(2)Coming into conflict with others is common in everyday life.
完成句子
(3)Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance when_we_conflict_with_our_friends(当我们和朋友发生冲突的时候)．
5．turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是；出席；参加
[教材原句]Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out to be interested in the subject.
即使过去不喜欢英语的学生现在也变得对这门功课感兴趣。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
(2)We arranged to meet at 7 o'clock, but she never turned up.
(3)He quickly turned around when he heard someone asking for help behind him.
(4)Some compromises were unavoidable，but the video turned out perfect.
完成句子
(5)When it is something beyond my competence, I_turn_to_my_teachers_and_classmates_for_help(我向老师和同班同学寻求帮助)．
6．fall away (逐渐)减少；消失
[教材原句]As my pace grew faster，the walls of the laboratory fell away...随着我的速度越来越快，实验室的墙壁随之坍塌……
[归纳拓展]
[佳句背诵]
His supporters fell away as his reputation declined.
随着他的声望下降，他的支持者渐渐离他而去。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
(1)The deal fell apart when we failed to agree on a (共17张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
单元重点归纳
2门世2有
3厚
