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【2025中考二轮复习 题型专项突破】完形填空专项训练 解析
一、解题思路
完形填空考查学生语言综合运用的能力,考查学生对上下文的理解,理顺文章的逻辑关系,补全选项让文章通顺完整。它结合了单项填空题和短文填空题的优点,既考查词语搭配、同义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等,又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。完形填空题填入的词要求:
1.语法结构所要求的功能词。如:连接词、关系代词、关系副词等。
2.具有语法变化的普通词。如:动词的时态、语态,名词的数,代词的格,形容词和副词的等级等。
3.固定搭配短语中的特定词。
4.同义词、近义词等易混淆词汇。
由此可见,完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力,才能做好这一题型。
二、解题策略
1.通读全文,领悟大意
完形填空题常以文章或段落的形式出现,因此,通读全文,把握文章整体大意就尤为重要。
2.重视首句获信息
重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的,目的是给考生一个整体印象,同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。
3.运用固定搭配选择判断
英语中的固定搭配种类繁多,如固定短语、习语、谚语、固定句式等。
4.运用词语辨析选择判断
此类题的特点是选项中所给的四个词词性相同,词义相同或相近。主要考查学生在具体语境中对所学同义词或近义词的辨析和运用能力。
5.对文章的情节进行逻辑推理,选择判断
完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通,但由于文章是一个完整的统一体,词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系,因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的暗示及线索(含体裁、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文线索等),对文章的情节进行逻辑推理。
6.复读全文验答案
把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍(甚至多遍),逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心大意或上下文要求,并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。
三、实战演练
(一)
Chris Emch was an unhappy man. He spent years working as a common police officer. Many police members didn’t 1 his name. Later, he opened a shop, but the 2 was not good. He couldn’t make much money. Only months ago, he ended his marriage.
Hopelessly, Chris Emch joined in a group diving(潜水) trip to Indonesia. About 11 meters 3 water, he lost a piece of ear equipment(装备), making his ear hurt. It made Emch 4 the diving trip. He didn’t return home. 5 , he decided to have a look around the 6 islands. Emch found a local 7 named Fritz to show him around nearby. He loved these beautiful islands. But what influenced Emch most was 8 with Fritz.
Fritz got very little, about $140 a month, lived in a small and old 9 and took on short-time jobs, for example, a tour guide, 10 Emch realized that Fritz was happy. Emch met Fritz’s family members. He drank sweet tea and had conversations with them. They looked happy though they were 11 . “I had everything I could ever want but still felt unhappy all the time,” he said. “I realized how 12 I was to have the life I had been given.”
From then on, Emch had a new 13 on life. He always tries to see the advantage of people which he never did before and he has 14 cheerful again. “Travel truly 15 my life, and changed my thought,” he said.
( )1. A.shout B.useC.forget D.know
( )2.A.service B.plan C.business D.matter
( )3.A.behind B.under C.above D.on
( )4.A.get used to B.give in to C.come up with D.drop out of
( )5.A.Instead B.Moreover C.Still D.Besides
( )6.A.hot B.nearby C.dangerous D.far
( )7.A.teacher B.fisherman C.policeman D.guide
( )8.A.fights B.trips C.discussions D.conversations
( )9.A.school B.shop C.house D.car
( )10.A.but B.so C.or D.if
( )11.A.famous B.poor C.rich D.dirty
( )12.A.lucky B.silly C.sorry D.simple
( )13.A.glass B.lesson C.opinion D.expression
( )14.A.showed B.refused C.realized D.become
( )15.A.developed B.changed C.lifted D.prevented
(二)
In a cafe, an 85-year-old waiter couldn’t wait to get started, warmly welcoming customers. But 1 it came time to take their orders, things got a little different. He 2 served a piece of cake to the wrong table. One customer waited 16 3 for a cup of water. That’s the way it goes at the Cafe of Mistaken Orders. This 4 cafe hires(聘用) elderly people with dementia(痴呆症) to work as waiters.
This is a place that people visit to experience 5 unforgettable—the joy and power of human togetherness. A reported 99 percent of customers love their 6 . No one complained(抱怨) about its service. Each time, customers kindly accepted the waiters’ mix-ups and laughed 7 them. This cafe uses a new way to help people know about the disease. It also 8 and praises the good skills and humor of its team members. So, people from all over the world come here.
“A lot of elderly people are either in nursing homes or are just shut away in 9 homes, so I hope that our 10 will give people with dementia something to look forward to,” said Yui Iwata, who helps run the cafe.
Oguni, the owner of the cafe, wishes to make our 11 more open-minded and relaxed about dementia. And he has another goal for his workers. He wants to make them feel they are doing important work with other people. He also wants to 12 what is often taken away from older people.
In the cafe, there are younger volunteers who help the elderly waiters as they mark 13 orders on the order forms. The owner 14 the table number to a flower in the middle of the table. Each table has a flower with a different color so it is 15 for the elderly to remember.
It seems that Oguni is realizing his goals. One customer said, “The message that the cafe spreads is wonderful. We should have a cafe like this in every neighbourhood all over the world.”
( )1.A.when B.although C.unless D.how
( )2.A.luckily B.carefully C.hardly D.wisely
( )3.A.years B.weeks C.minutes D.months
( )4.A.terrible B.secret C.special D.wild
( )5.A.nobody B.somebody C.nothing D.something
( )6.A.instrument B.community C.experience D.position
( )7.A.along with B.instead of C.except for D.such as
( )8.A.kicks B.examines C.masters D.shows
( )9.A.your B.their C.his D.her
( )10.A.station B.question C.vacation D.action
( )11.A.society B.website C.project D.traffic
( )12.A.hear from B.give back C.pay for D.give up
( )13.A.drivers’ B.teachers’ C.engineers’ D.customers’
( )14.A.performed B.changed C.reflected D.preferred
( )15.A.smaller B.thicker C.easier D.cleverer
(三)
When his son Sam went missing for 29 hours, Tony didn’t believe he had run away from home. His instinct(直觉) told him that 1 had gone wrong. Tony didn’t want to sit and 2 news of his son. 3 , he took action at once.
Tony and his wife called Sam madly, but there was no 4 . His friends told them that Sam was tired when he drove a friend to the central coast. “I felt this might not have a happy 5 . Accidents often happen there,” Sam’s mom said. Finally, they called the police.
“The police thought he’d run away. But I still 6 my instinct,” Tony said. He decided to rent a helicopter(租一架直升机) to 7 the search. “He came in looking worried and said he needed a helicopter 8 ,” the pilot said. Tony asked 9 $800 would be enough. The pilot agreed.
As it turned out, he was 10 . Soon enough, they found the wreckage(残骸) on the road. Tony rushed to Sam’s 11 and pulled him out of it. “Sam’s head moved. He is 12 .” he shouted excitedly.
Sam was badly hurt. Later, Sam was taken to the hospital. The doctor said he was 13 . If he had come a little later, he would have died. When there’s 14 like Tony’s, following your instinct can make a huge 15 . Sometimes it can even save someone’s life.
( )1.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
( )2.A.deal with B.make up C.wait for D.give away
( )3.A.Anyway B.Instead C.Besides D.Especially
( )4.A.way B.change C.excuse D.answer
( )5.A.program B.ending C.future D.plan
( )6.A.trusted B.understood C.accepted D.chose
( )7.A.record B.test C.hold D.continue
( )8.A.badly B.probably C.secretly D.suddenly
( )9.A.why B.unless C.if D.what
( )10.A.silly B.right C.clever D.crazy
( )11.A.room B.helicopter C.car D.school
( )12.A.alive B.brave C.healthy D.dead
( )13.A.hopeless B.lonely C.lucky D.active
( )14.A.dream B.situation C.risk D.task
( )15.A.effort B.success C.progress D.difference
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共32张PPT)
完形填空专项训练
解析
人教2025中考二轮复习 题型专项突破
一、解题思路
完形填空考查学生语言综合运用的能力,考查学生对上下文的理解,理顺文章的逻辑关系,补全选项让文章通顺完整。它结合了单项填空题和短文填空题的优点,既考查词语搭配、同义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等,又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。完形填空题填入的词要求:
1.语法结构所要求的功能词。如:连接词、关系代词、关系副词等。
2.具有语法变化的普通词。如:动词的时态、语态,名词的数,代词的格,形容词和副词的等级等。
3.固定搭配短语中的特定词。
4.同义词、近义词等易混淆词汇。
由此可见,完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力,才能做好这一题型。
二、解题策略
1.通读全文,领悟大意
完形填空题常以文章或段落的形式出现,因此,通读全文,把握文章整体大意就尤为重要。
2.重视首句获信息
重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的,目的是给考生一个整体印象,同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。
3.运用固定搭配选择判断
英语中的固定搭配种类繁多,如固定短语、习语、谚语、固定句式等。
4.运用词语辨析选择判断
此类题的特点是选项中所给的四个词词性相同,词义相同或相近。主要考查学生在具体语境中对所学同义词或近义词的辨析和运用能力。
5.对文章的情节进行逻辑推理,选择判断
完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通,但由于文章是一个完整的统一体,词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系,因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的暗示及线索(含体裁、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文线索等),对文章的情节进行逻辑推理。
6.复读全文验答案
把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍(甚至多遍),逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心大意或上下文要求,并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。
三、实战演练
(一)
Chris Emch was an unhappy man. He spent years working as a common police officer. Many police members didn’t 1 his name. Later, he opened a shop, but the 2 was not good. He couldn’t make much money. Only months ago, he ended his marriage.
Hopelessly, Chris Emch joined in a group diving(潜水) trip to Indonesia. About 11 meters 3 water, he lost a piece of ear equipment(装备), making his ear hurt. It made Emch 4 the diving trip. He didn’t return home. 5 , he decided to have a look around the 6 islands. Emch found a local 7 named Fritz to show him around nearby. He loved these beautiful islands. But what influenced Emch most was 8 with Fritz.
Fritz got very little, about $140 a month, lived in a small and old 9 and took on short-time jobs, for example, a tour guide, 10 Emch realized that Fritz was happy. Emch met Fritz’s family members. He drank sweet tea and had conversations with them. They looked happy though they were 11 . “I had everything I could ever want but still felt unhappy all the time,” he said. “I realized how 12 I was to have the life I had been given.”
From then on, Emch had a new 13 on life. He always tries to see the advantage of people which he never did before and he has 14 cheerful again. “Travel truly 15 my life, and changed my thought,” he said.
( )1. A.shout B.use
C.forget D.know
( )2.A.service B.plan
C.business D.matter
( )3.A.behind B.under
C.above D.on
( )4.A.get used to B.give in to
C.come up with D.drop out of
D
C
B
D
( )5.A.Instead B.Moreover
C.Still D.Besides
( )6.A.hot B.nearby
C.dangerous D.far
( )7.A.teacher B.fisherman
C.policeman D.guide
( )8.A.fights B.trips
C.discussions D.conversations
A
B
D
D
( )9.A.school B.shop
C.house D.car
( )10.A.but B.so
C.or D.if
( )11.A.famous B.poor
C.rich D.dirty
( )12.A.lucky B.silly
C.sorry D.simple
C
A
B
A
( )13.A.glass B.lesson
C.opinion D.expression
( )14.A.showed B.refused
C.realized D.become
( )15.A.developed B.changed
C.lifted D.prevented
C
D
B
(二)
In a cafe, an 85-year-old waiter couldn’t wait to get started, warmly welcoming customers. But 1 it came time to take their orders, things got a little different. He 2 served a piece of cake to the wrong table. One customer waited 16 3 for a cup of water. That’s the way it goes at the Cafe of Mistaken Orders. This 4 cafe hires(聘用) elderly people with dementia(痴呆症) to work as waiters.
This is a place that people visit to experience 5 unforgettable—the joy and power of human togetherness. A reported 99 percent of customers love their 6 . No one complained(抱怨) about its service. Each time, customers kindly accepted the waiters’ mix-ups and laughed 7 them. This cafe uses a new way to help people know about the disease. It also 8 and praises the good skills and humor of its team members. So, people from all over the world come here.
“A lot of elderly people are either in nursing homes or are just shut away in 9 homes, so I hope that our 10 will give people with dementia something to look forward to,” said Yui Iwata, who helps run the cafe.
Oguni, the owner of the cafe, wishes to make our 11 more open-minded and relaxed about dementia. And he has another goal for his workers. He wants to make them feel they are doing important work with other people. He also wants to 12 what is often taken away from older people.
In the cafe, there are younger volunteers who help the elderly waiters as they mark 13 orders on the order forms. The owner 14 the table number to a flower in the middle of the table. Each table has a flower with a different color so it is 15 for the elderly to remember.
It seems that Oguni is realizing his goals. One customer said, “The message that the cafe spreads is wonderful. We should have a cafe like this in every neighbourhood all over the world.”
( )1.A.when B.although
C.unless D.how
( )2.A.luckily B.carefully
C.hardly D.wisely
( )3.A.years B.weeks
C.minutes D.months
( )4.A.terrible B.secret
C.special D.wild
A
B
C
C
( )5.A.nobody B.somebody
C.nothing D.something
( )6.A.instrument B.community
C.experience D.position
( )7.A.along with B.instead of
C.except for D.such as
( )8.A.kicks B.examines
C.masters D.shows
D
C
A
D
( )9.A.your B.their
C.his D.her
( )10.A.station B.question
C.vacation D.action
( )11.A.society B.website
C.project D.traffic
( )12.A.hear from B.give back
C.pay for D.give up
B
D
A
B
( )13.A.drivers’ B.teachers’
C.engineers’ D.customers’
( )14.A.performed B.changed
C.reflected D.preferred
( )15.A.smaller B.thicker
C.easier D.cleverer
D
B
C
(三)
When his son Sam went missing for 29 hours, Tony didn’t believe he had run away from home. His instinct(直觉) told him that 1 had gone wrong. Tony didn’t want to sit and 2 news of his son. 3 , he took action at once.
Tony and his wife called Sam madly, but there was no 4 . His friends told them that Sam was tired when he drove a friend to the central coast. “I felt this might not have a happy 5 . Accidents often happen there,” Sam’s mom said. Finally, they called the police.
“The police thought he’d run away. But I still 6 my instinct,” Tony said. He decided to rent a helicopter(租一架直升机) to 7 the search. “He came in looking worried and said he needed a helicopter 8 ,” the pilot said. Tony asked 9 $800 would be enough. The pilot agreed.
As it turned out, he was 10 . Soon enough, they found the wreckage(残骸) on the road. Tony rushed to Sam’s 11 and pulled him out of it. “Sam’s head moved. He is 12 .” he shouted excitedly.
Sam was badly hurt. Later, Sam was taken to the hospital. The doctor said he was 13 . If he had come a little later, he would have died. When there’s 14 like Tony’s, following your instinct can make a huge 15 . Sometimes it can even save someone’s life.
( )1.A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing
( )2.A.deal with B.make up
C.wait for D.give away
( )3.A.Anyway B.Instead
C.Besides D.Especially
( )4.A.way B.change
C.excuse D.answer
A
C
B
D
( )5.A.program B.ending
C.future D.plan
( )6.A.trusted B.understood
C.accepted D.chose
( )7.A.record B.test
C.hold D.continue
( )8.A.badly B.probably
C.secretly D.suddenly
B
A
D
A
( )9.A.why B.unless
C.if D.what
( )10.A.silly B.right
C.clever D.crazy
( )11.A.room B.helicopter
C.car D.school
( )12.A.alive B.brave
C.healthy D.dead
C
B
C
A
( )13.A.hopeless B.lonely
C.lucky D.active
( )14.A.dream B.situation
C.risk D.task
( )15.A.effort B.success
C.progress D.difference
C
B
D
Thanks!
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