(共25张PPT)
动词的语态
解析
人教2025中考二轮复习 语法基础知识梳理
一、常见时态的被动语态
1.一般现在时:am/is/are+done。例:
It is made in China.
它是中国制造的。
2.一般过去时:was/were+done。例:
The bridge was built in 2010.
这座桥建于2010年。
3.一般将来时:will+be+done。例:
She will be trained by her father.
她将受训于她爸爸。
4.现在完成时:have/has+been+done。例:
The room has been cleaned.
房间已经被打扫干净了。
5.情态动词:情态动词+be+done。例:
Work must be done in two days.
工作必须在两天之内完成。
二、被动语态的用法
在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况。
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。例:
This watch is made in China.
这手表产于中国。
2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。例:
More trees must be planted every year.
每年必须种更多树。
3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。例:
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
在全世界,越来越多的人说汉语了。
4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。例:
Many houses were washed away by the flood.
许多房子被洪水冲走了。
三、主动语态和被动语态的转换
1.主动语态变为被动语态。
(1)要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾语变成主格。
(2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格变成宾格,并用by引导。
(3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
主动语态:动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者。
被动语态:动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者。
例:We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)
→He was asked to sing an English song by us.
2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态。
谓语动词带双宾语时,若将间接宾语转化为主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。例:
She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)
→I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me改成了主语)
→A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book 改成了主语)
3.动词短语变为被动语态。
许多由动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词。在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。例:
We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态)
→Old men should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略)
4.带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态。
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。例:
I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)
→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
5.变被动语态后动词形式的选择。
主动句中在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等,及使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。例:
He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)
→The girl is made to stay at home by him.
四、语态用法的难点
1.某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思。例:
This dictionary sells well.
这种字典很好销售。
The woolen sweater costs $88.
这件羊毛衫卖88美元。
The car needs repairing.
=The car needs to be repaired.
那辆车需要修理。
The soup tastes delicious.
这汤尝起来味道很好。
2.主动语态中,有些动词如make, see, listen, watch, feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态要带上to。例:
He made the boy work for him.
=The boy was made to work for him.
这男孩被迫为他工作。
3.动词短语变成被动短语时,动词短语后面的介词或副词不能省略。例:
The baby was looked after by her sister.
这婴儿由她姐姐照顾。
His plan was laughed at by everyone.
他的计划遭到每个人的嘲笑。
4.形容词cheap, comfortable, dangerous, important, interesting, nice等接不定式作状语时,不定式的主动形式表被动意义。例:
A bicycle is cheap to run.
使用自行车是很经济的。
This question is difficult to answer.
这个问题很难回答。
5.形容词worth后接动名词时,该动名词的主动形式表被动意义。例:
The book is worth reading.
这本书值得一读。
一、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空
1.Stricter rules to control smoking must _________(make) soon.
2.When I called the bus service, I _________(tell) that there was no more bus.
3.Hot water _________(serve) in the students’ flats from 5 p.m.to 7 p.m.every day.
4.Children should _________(tell) not to break the traffic rules.
be made
was told
is served
be told
5.—Alice, are you going to Mike’s birthday party tomorrow
—Unless I ___________(invite).
6.Our hometown _____________(change) a lot so far.
7.This kind of mobile phone _________(sell) well.
8.The big apples _________(sell) out just now.
am invited
has changed
sells
were sold
二、主动语态与被动语态转换
1.A mid-aged homeless woman stopped me at a traffic light.
I _______ _________ by a mid-aged homeless woman at a traffic light.
2.The sudden crash hurt many people in the accident.
Many people _________ _________ by the sudden crash in the accident.
3.The windows were cleaned by them this morning.
They _________ the windows this morning.
was
stopped
were
hurt
cleaned
4.The classroom must be cleaned by us every day.
We _________ _________ the classroom every day.
5.The bottle is filled with water.
We _________ the bottle _________ water.
must
clean
fill
with
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1.昨天一名官员就食品问题被一些记者采访。
An official _________ ____________ by some reporters on food problems yesterday.
2.刚才当男孩们在跑步时,女孩们在环湖骑自行车。
The girls _________ _________ their bikes around the lake while the boys _________ _________ just now.
was
interviewed
were
riding
were
running
3.你介意给我解释这个句子吗
Would you _________ _______________ this sentence to me
4.去年,他的许多短篇小说被翻译成了几种外语。
Last year many of his short stories _________ _________ into some foreign languages.
5.自从开始锻炼,琳达的健康状况大大改善了。
Linda’s health _______ _________ greatly since she started to exercise.
mind
explaining
were
translated
has
improved
四、句型转换
1.Tea plants are grown to make tea.(改为主动语态)
They _________ tea plants ______ _________.
2.They were invented by Julie Thompson.(对画线部分提问)
_______ _________ they invented ______
grow
to
make tea
Who
were
by
3.Lily asked me to go to her birthday party.(改为被动语态)
I _______ _________ to go to Lily’s birthday party.
4.People believe that Bell invented the first telephone in 1876.(改为同义句)
______ _________ _________ that Bell invented the first telephone in 1876.
was
asked
It
is
believed
5.My mother made this shirt last month.(改为被动语态)
This shirt _________ _________ by my mother last month.
was
made
Thanks!
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【2025中考二轮复习 语法基础】动词的语态
一、常见时态的被动语态
1.一般现在时:am/is/are+done。例:
It is made in China.
它是中国制造的。
2.一般过去时:was/were+done。例:
The bridge was built in 2010.
这座桥建于2010年。
3.一般将来时:will+be+done。例:
She will be trained by her father.
她将受训于她爸爸。
4.现在完成时:have/has+been+done。例:
The room has been cleaned.
房间已经被打扫干净了。
5.情态动词:情态动词+be+done。例:
Work must be done in two days.
工作必须在两天之内完成。
二、被动语态的用法
在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况。
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。例:
This watch is made in China.
这手表产于中国。
2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。例:
More trees must be planted every year.
每年必须种更多树。
3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。例:
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
在全世界,越来越多的人说汉语了。
4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。例:
Many houses were washed away by the flood.
许多房子被洪水冲走了。
三、主动语态和被动语态的转换
1.主动语态变为被动语态。
(1)要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾语变成主格。
(2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格变成宾格,并用by引导。
(3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
主动语态:动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者。
被动语态:动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者。
例:We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)
→He was asked to sing an English song by us.
2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态。
谓语动词带双宾语时,若将间接宾语转化为主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。例:
She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)
→I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me改成了主语)
→A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book 改成了主语)
3.动词短语变为被动语态。
许多由动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词。在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。例:
We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态)
→Old men should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略)
4.带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态。
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。例:
I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)
→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
5.变被动语态后动词形式的选择。
主动句中在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等,及使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。例:
He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)
→The girl is made to stay at home by him.
四、语态用法的难点
1.某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思。例:
This dictionary sells well.
这种字典很好销售。
The woolen sweater costs $88.
这件羊毛衫卖88美元。
The car needs repairing.
=The car needs to be repaired.
那辆车需要修理。
The soup tastes delicious.
这汤尝起来味道很好。
2.主动语态中,有些动词如make, see, listen, watch, feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态要带上to。例:
He made the boy work for him.
=The boy was made to work for him.
这男孩被迫为他工作。
3.动词短语变成被动短语时,动词短语后面的介词或副词不能省略。例:
The baby was looked after by her sister.
这婴儿由她姐姐照顾。
His plan was laughed at by everyone.
他的计划遭到每个人的嘲笑。
4.形容词cheap, comfortable, dangerous, important, interesting, nice等接不定式作状语时,不定式的主动形式表被动意义。例:
A bicycle is cheap to run.
使用自行车是很经济的。
This question is difficult to answer.
这个问题很难回答。
5.形容词worth后接动名词时,该动名词的主动形式表被动意义。例:
The book is worth reading.
这本书值得一读。
一、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空
1.Stricter rules to control smoking must _________(make) soon.
2.When I called the bus service, I _________(tell) that there was no more bus.
3.Hot water _________(serve) in the students’ flats from 5 p.m.to 7 p.m.every day.
4.Children should _________(tell) not to break the traffic rules.
5.—Alice, are you going to Mike’s birthday party tomorrow
—Unless I ___________(invite).
6.Our hometown _____________(change) a lot so far.
7.This kind of mobile phone _________(sell) well.
8.The big apples _________(sell) out just now.
二、主动语态与被动语态转换
1.A mid-aged homeless woman stopped me at a traffic light.
I _______ _________ by a mid-aged homeless woman at a traffic light.
2.The sudden crash hurt many people in the accident.
Many people _________ _________ by the sudden crash in the accident.
3.The windows were cleaned by them this morning.
They _________ the windows this morning.
4.The classroom must be cleaned by us every day.
We _________ _________ the classroom every day.
5.The bottle is filled with water.
We _________ the bottle _________ water.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1.昨天一名官员就食品问题被一些记者采访。
An official _________ ____________ by some reporters on food problems yesterday.
2.刚才当男孩们在跑步时,女孩们在环湖骑自行车。
The girls _________ _________ their bikes around the lake while the boys _________ _________ just now.
3.你介意给我解释这个句子吗
Would you _________ _______________ this sentence to me
4.去年,他的许多短篇小说被翻译成了几种外语。
Last year many of his short stories _________ _________ into some foreign languages.
5.自从开始锻炼,琳达的健康状况大大改善了。
Linda’s health _______ _________ greatly since she started to exercise.
四、句型转换
1.Tea plants are grown to make tea.(改为主动语态)
They _________ tea plants ______ _________.
2.They were invented by Julie Thompson.(对画线部分提问)
_______ _________ they invented ______
3.Lily asked me to go to her birthday party.(改为被动语态)
I _______ _________ to go to Lily’s birthday party.
4.People believe that Bell invented the first telephone in 1876.(改为同义句)
______ _________ _________ that Bell invented the first telephone in 1876.
5.My mother made this shirt last month.(改为被动语态)
This shirt _________ _________ by my mother last month.
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