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【2025中考二轮复习 语法基础】非谓语动词
一、不定式
动词不定式的句法功能:
功能 例句 说明
主语 To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。
表语 My work is to clean the room every day.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。
宾语 —What sports does he like to play 他喜欢做什么运动 —He likes to play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。 只能作某些动词的宾语。
宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。
定语 Have you got anything to say 你有什么要说的吗 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语 I’m sorry to trouble you.很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.我去图书馆学习英语。 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1.不定式作主语。
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末。
其结构为It+be+形容词(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。例:
To learn English well is necessary.
→ It is necessary to learn English well.
学好英语是必要的。
It’s important for us to protect the environment.
保护环境对我们很重要。
注意:在kind, good, nice, clever, polite, silly等表示人的品质性格的形容词后,不用for,而用of。例:
It’s very kind of you to help me.
你帮助我真是太好啦。
2.不定式作宾语。
(1)有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,例:would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。例:
Would you like to see a film this evening
你今晚想去看电影吗
(2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。例:
I find it easy to read English every day.
我发现每天读英语是很容易的。
(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式:why not do..., why don’t you do..., had better(not)do..., would rather do, could/ would/will you please (not) do...。例:
I would rather stay in the room.
我宁愿待在房间里。
3.不定式作宾语补足语。
(1)不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。例:
Lucy asked him to turn down the TV.
露西要他把电视机音量调小点。
(2)tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。例:
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.
我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
(3)还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:
一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时,必须加上to。例:
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.
老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4.不定式作定语。
(1)不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。例:
I have a lot of homework to do.
我有许多家庭作业要做。
(2)如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。例:
There is nothing to worry about.
这没有什么可担心的。
5.不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。例:
The teacher is telling the students what to do.
老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn’t know where to go.
他不知道去哪里。
二、动名词
动名词具有名词的性质,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。例:
Saying so much is useless.(主语)
说那么多没用。
My greatest pleasure is traveling.(表语)
我最大的乐趣是旅游。
She enjoys going to the cinema.(宾语)
她喜爱看电影。
There is a swimming pool here.(定语)
这儿有一个游泳池。
注意:(1) 我们初中阶段常见的后接动名词的词或短语有finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble /problem (in), spend...(in), feel like, be used to(习惯于), give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can’t help。
一、根据句意及汉语提示完成句子
1.I don’t know how ____________(算出) the math problem.
2.We find it necessary _________(保护) wild animals.
3.Don’t you know that teenagers aren’t allowed _________(抽烟)
4.Would you mind _________(关) the window
5.—You forgot _________(叫醒) me up again.
—Sorry, I won’t next time.
6.She spent the whole morning _________(写) the letter.
7.Thanks for _________(帮助) me with my English.
8.—Dad, I’m really tired and hungry.
—Why not stop _________(做) your homework and eat some cookies
9.I heard Tom _________(唱歌) when I walked past his room yesterday.
10.It’s really cold outside. You’d better _________(穿上) your coat.
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.Parents always tell their children _________(not go) away with strangers.
2.I prefer _________(watch) a movie rather than stay at home.
3.I’m sorry _________(say) that Flight 1580 was cancelled because of the bad weather.
4.Do you want something _________(drink), Sir
5.Could you help me _________(look) after my dog when I am away
6.You should let your children _________(do) their homework alone.
7.She is too young _________(go) to school.
8.A doctor’s duty is _________(save) patients’ lives.
9.It was not easy for my father _________(support) our family, but he made it.
10.The students were asked _________(act) out the dialogue in groups.
11.The traffic is heavy at this time every day. You’d better_____ _________(not drive) to work.
12.It costs me 200 yuan _________(repair) my mobile phone.
三、同义句转换
1.My teacher made me finish my paper in two weeks.
I was made _________ _________ my paper in two weeks.
2.Watching the football match with my friends is exciting.
It is exciting _________ _________ the football match with my friends.
3.There are so many books that I don’t know which one I should buy.
There are so many books that I don’t know _________ ________ _____ _______.
4.The man gives up smoking in order that he can be healthy.
______ ______ _________, the man gives up smoking.
5.My sister has a dream that one day she will become a famous actress.
My sister’s dream is ______ _________ a famous actress.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共25张PPT)
非谓语动词
解析
人教2025中考二轮复习 语法基础知识梳理
一、不定式
动词不定式的句法功能:
功能 例句 说明
主语 To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。
表语 My work is to clean the room every day.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。
功能 例句 说明
宾语 —What sports does he like to play 他喜欢做什么运动 —He likes to play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。 只能作某些动词的宾语。
宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。
功能 例句 说明
定语 Have you got anything to say 你有什么要说的吗 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语 I’m sorry to trouble you.很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.我去图书馆学习英语。 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1.不定式作主语。
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末。
其结构为It+be+形容词(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。例:
To learn English well is necessary.
→ It is necessary to learn English well.
学好英语是必要的。
It’s important for us to protect the environment.
保护环境对我们很重要。
注意:在kind, good, nice, clever, polite, silly等表示人的品质性格的形容词后,不用for,而用of。例:
It’s very kind of you to help me.
你帮助我真是太好啦。
2.不定式作宾语。
(1)有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,例:would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。例:
Would you like to see a film this evening
你今晚想去看电影吗
(2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。例:
I find it easy to read English every day.
我发现每天读英语是很容易的。
(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式:why not do..., why don’t you do..., had better(not)do..., would rather do, could/ would/will you please (not) do...。例:
I would rather stay in the room.
我宁愿待在房间里。
3.不定式作宾语补足语。
(1)不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。例:
Lucy asked him to turn down the TV.
露西要他把电视机音量调小点。
(2)tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。例:
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.
我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
(3)还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:
一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时,必须加上to。例:
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.
老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4.不定式作定语。
(1)不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。例:
I have a lot of homework to do.
我有许多家庭作业要做。
(2)如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。例:
There is nothing to worry about.
这没有什么可担心的。
5.不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。例:
The teacher is telling the students what to do.
老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn’t know where to go.
他不知道去哪里。
二、动名词
动名词具有名词的性质,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。例:
Saying so much is useless.(主语)
说那么多没用。
My greatest pleasure is traveling.(表语)
我最大的乐趣是旅游。
She enjoys going to the cinema.(宾语)
她喜爱看电影。
There is a swimming pool here.(定语)
这儿有一个游泳池。
注意:(1) 我们初中阶段常见的后接动名词的词或短语有finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble /problem (in), spend...(in), feel like, be used to(习惯于), give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can’t help。
(2)有些动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同。例:
①
②
③
④
⑤
一、根据句意及汉语提示完成句子
1.I don’t know how ____________(算出) the math problem.
2.We find it necessary _________(保护) wild animals.
3.Don’t you know that teenagers aren’t allowed _________(抽烟)
4.Would you mind _________(关) the window
to work out
to protect
to smoke
closing
5.—You forgot _________(叫醒) me up again.
—Sorry, I won’t next time.
6.She spent the whole morning _________(写) the letter.
7.Thanks for _________(帮助) me with my English.
8.—Dad, I’m really tired and hungry.
—Why not stop _________(做) your homework and eat some cookies
9.I heard Tom _________(唱歌) when I walked past his room yesterday.
10.It’s really cold outside. You’d better _________(穿上) your coat.
to wake
writing
helping
doing
singing
put on
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.Parents always tell their children _________(not go) away with strangers.
2.I prefer _________(watch) a movie rather than stay at home.
3.I’m sorry _________(say) that Flight 1580 was cancelled because of the bad weather.
4.Do you want something _________(drink), Sir
not to go
to watch
to say
to drink
5.Could you help me _________(look) after my dog when I am away
6.You should let your children _________(do) their homework alone.
7.She is too young _________(go) to school.
8.A doctor’s duty is _________(save) patients’ lives.
9.It was not easy for my father _________(support) our family, but he made it.
(to) look
do
to go
to save
to support
10.The students were asked _________(act) out the dialogue in groups.
11.The traffic is heavy at this time every day. You’d better_____ _________(not drive) to work.
12.It costs me 200 yuan _________(repair) my mobile phone.
to act
not
drive
to repair
三、同义句转换
1.My teacher made me finish my paper in two weeks.
I was made _________ _________ my paper in two weeks.
2.Watching the football match with my friends is exciting.
It is exciting _________ _________ the football match with my friends.
to
finish
to
watch
3.There are so many books that I don’t know which one I should buy.
There are so many books that I don’t know _________ ________ _____ _______.
4.The man gives up smoking in order that he can be healthy.
______ ______ _________, the man gives up smoking.
which
one
to
buy
To
be
healthy
5.My sister has a dream that one day she will become a famous actress.
My sister’s dream is ______ _________ a famous actress.
to
become
Thanks!
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