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【2025中考二轮复习 语法基础】主谓一致
一、语法一致原则
语法一致即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词就用复数形式。
1.当and连接两个或多个名词,或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例:
Tom and Mike are good friends.
汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.
露西和莉莉都是学生。
2.不定代词either, neither, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例:
Is there anything wrong with your bike
你的自行车有什么毛病吗
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.
大家都为运动会做好准备了。
3.由each, each...and each..., every...and every..., every作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例:
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.
每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。
4.主语后有with, as well as, including, besides, like, except, but等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。例:
Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.
格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。
5.“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例:
A number of trees are cut down.
许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of students in our class is 32.
我们班学生人数为32。
6.“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。例:
Lots of people have been there.
很多人去过那儿。
7.由“a pair(a kind...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例:
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.
一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.
每天能制作15双鞋。
8.某些只有复数形式的名词如clothes, trousers, shorts, pants, shoes, gloves等作主语时,谓词动词用复数形式。例:
My shoes were worn out.
我的鞋子穿坏了。
9.不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例:
Doing sports every day is good for our health.
每天锻炼对我们的健康有好处。
二、意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
1.由and连接的两个名词,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。例:
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.
那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们做报告。
The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.
那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。
2.集体名词如family, team, crowd, company, class, group, government等,如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。例:
My family is a small one with three people.
我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
3.people, police等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例:
The police are helping a girl find her mother.
警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
三、就近原则
有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致,这种原则叫作就近原则。
1.由either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)..., not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例:
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
不仅我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.
不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.
他或你拿了我的钢笔。
2.there be...和here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。例:
There is an apple and two bananas on the table.
桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。
四、整体原则
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例:
When to leave has not been decided.
何时离开还没有决定。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太多对你的眼睛不好。
2.如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。例:
The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.
那个小说家兼诗人明年打算去欧洲。(同一个人)
The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.
小说家和诗人明年打算去欧洲。(两个不同的人)
3.表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。例:
10 minutes is enough.
十分钟就够了。
4.加减乘除等数学运算中,谓语动词通常用单数。
Two and three is five.
二加三等于五。
5.“the+姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人,……夫妇”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例:
The Blacks are enjoying working in China.
布莱克一家喜欢在中国工作。
五、个体原则
1.“every+...and every+...”或“each+...and each+...”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例:
Every man and every woman is busy at working.
每个男人和每个妇女都在忙于工作。
2.英语句中的each, either, neither等词作代词充当主语,修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例:
Neither of us has been abroad.
我们谁都没有出过国。
Neither answer is wrong.
两个答案都是错的。
3.由some, any, every, no构成的复合词somebody, nobody, everything, anything等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例:
Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.
有人正在学校门口等你。
4.成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves等作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但前面有a/the pair of, the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要与量词pair, suit, piece在单复数上保持一致。例:
Two pieces of paper are on the desk.
两张纸在书桌上。
5.以复数形式出现,却表示单数意义,如maths, physics, news等,谓语用单数。例:
Physics is my favorite subject.
物理是我最喜欢的科目。
6.“the+形容词(old/young/rich/poor)”表示一类人作主语时,谓语用复数。例:
The young like listening to popular songs.
年轻人喜欢听流行歌曲。
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.In our school library, there _________(be) a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them ____(be) growing larger and larger.
2.Neither my sister nor I _________(have) ever been to America before.
3.Doing enough exercise ______(be) good for your health.
4.Everyone except Tom and John _________(be) there when the meeting began.
5.How time flies! We’ll graduate. Three years ______(be) really a short time.
6.A woman with a baby in her arms _____(be) sitting over there now.
7.I’m pleased to see that the number of trees ____(be) becoming larger and larger in our town.
8.One of my friends _________(have) moved to Canada.
9.The shoes in the shop _______(be) nice and cheap. Let’s go and have a look.
10.A pair of socks ______(be) on the bed.
11.Not only he but also she ________(run) every morning.
12.He is the only one of the students who ______(have) been a winner of scholarship for three years.
13.The teacher and the headmaster _____(be) having a meeting now.
14.The teacher and headmaster ____(be) very kind and hard-working.
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主谓一致
解析
人教2025中考二轮复习 语法基础知识梳理
一、语法一致原则
语法一致即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词就用复数形式。
1.当and连接两个或多个名词,或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例:
Tom and Mike are good friends.
汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.
露西和莉莉都是学生。
2.不定代词either, neither, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例:
Is there anything wrong with your bike
你的自行车有什么毛病吗
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.
大家都为运动会做好准备了。
3.由each, each...and each..., every...and every..., every作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例:
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.
每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。
4.主语后有with, as well as, including, besides, like, except, but等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。例:
Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.
格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。
5.“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例:
A number of trees are cut down.
许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of students in our class is 32.
我们班学生人数为32。
6.“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。例:
Lots of people have been there.
很多人去过那儿。
7.由“a pair(a kind...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例:
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.
一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.
每天能制作15双鞋。
8.某些只有复数形式的名词如clothes, trousers, shorts, pants, shoes, gloves等作主语时,谓词动词用复数形式。例:
My shoes were worn out.
我的鞋子穿坏了。
9.不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例:
Doing sports every day is good for our health.
每天锻炼对我们的健康有好处。
二、意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
1.由and连接的两个名词,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。例:
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.
那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们做报告。
The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.
那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。
2.集体名词如family, team, crowd, company, class, group, government等,如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。例:
My family is a small one with three people.
我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
3.people, police等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例:
The police are helping a girl find her mother.
警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
三、就近原则
有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致,这种原则叫作就近原则。
1.由either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)..., not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例:
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
不仅我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.
不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.
他或你拿了我的钢笔。
2.there be...和here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。例:
There is an apple and two bananas on the table.
桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。
四、整体原则
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例:
When to leave has not been decided.
何时离开还没有决定。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太多对你的眼睛不好。
2.如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。例:
The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.
那个小说家兼诗人明年打算去欧洲。(同一个人)
The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.
小说家和诗人明年打算去欧洲。(两个不同的人)
3.表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。例:
10 minutes is enough.
十分钟就够了。
4.加减乘除等数学运算中,谓语动词通常用单数。
Two and three is five.
二加三等于五。
5.“the+姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人,……夫妇”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例:
The Blacks are enjoying working in China.
布莱克一家喜欢在中国工作。
五、个体原则
1.“every+...and every+...”或“each+...and each+...”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例:
Every man and every woman is busy at working.
每个男人和每个妇女都在忙于工作。
2.英语句中的each, either, neither等词作代词充当主语,修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例:
Neither of us has been abroad.
我们谁都没有出过国。
Neither answer is wrong.
两个答案都是错的。
3.由some, any, every, no构成的复合词somebody, nobody, everything, anything等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例:
Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.
有人正在学校门口等你。
4.成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves等作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但前面有a/the pair of, the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要与量词pair, suit, piece在单复数上保持一致。例:
Two pieces of paper are on the desk.
两张纸在书桌上。
5.以复数形式出现,却表示单数意义,如maths, physics, news等,谓语用单数。例:
Physics is my favorite subject.
物理是我最喜欢的科目。
6.“the+形容词(old/young/rich/poor)”表示一类人作主语时,谓语用复数。例:
The young like listening to popular songs.
年轻人喜欢听流行歌曲。
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.In our school library, there _________(be) a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them ____(be) growing larger and larger.
2.Neither my sister nor I _________(have) ever been to America before.
3.Doing enough exercise ______(be) good for your health.
are
is
have
is
4.Everyone except Tom and John _________(be) there when the meeting began.
5.How time flies! We’ll graduate. Three years ______(be) really a short time.
6.A woman with a baby in her arms _____(be) sitting over there now.
7.I’m pleased to see that the number of trees ____(be) becoming larger and larger in our town.
8.One of my friends _________(have) moved to Canada.
was
is
is
is
has
9.The shoes in the shop _______(be) nice and cheap. Let’s go and have a look.
10.A pair of socks ______(be) on the bed.
11.Not only he but also she ________(run) every morning.
12.He is the only one of the students who ______(have) been a winner of scholarship for three years.
13.The teacher and the headmaster _____(be) having a meeting now.
14.The teacher and headmaster ____(be) very kind and hard-working.
are
is
runs
has
are
is
Thanks!
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