外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册 Unit 5 Revealing nature 课件（共7份）

(共55张PPT)
课后巩固 多维提能
［基础知识巩固练］
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换
1.It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestics rice consumption in China is the crops __________（generate） from Yuan Longping's hybrid strains.
generated
2.Hearing the news, Bob rushed out, leaving the book open on the table, and disappeared into the ________（distant）.
distance
3.Anxiety is an adaptive strategy in human _________（evolve）. It helps us to prepare for the uncertain future.
evolution
4.When __________（suspect） of illegal dealing, he was brought in for questioning and a thorough investigation was launched to determine his guilt or innocence.
suspected
5.The supermarket has a large _______（various） of goods, which can meet the needs of different consumers.
variety
维度二 固定用法和搭配
1.We know little about the project ___ question, so we will do more research into it.
in
2.In my opinion, it is much easier for a child to adapt ___ a new environment than an adult.
to
3.It's hard to book a table at this new restaurant as it is crowded _____ too many customers every day.
with
4.Until recently, historians assumed that calendars come ___ exist with the coming of agriculture.
to
5.It is essential for individuals to answer ____ call for environmental conservation and green living.
the
维度三 完成句子
1.只有经历过起起落落，你才能真正理解生命的意义。（强调句型）
____________________________________________ you can truly understand the meaning of life.
It's only after going through ups and downs that
2.看起来今天晚些时候天气会变糟，所以我们最好还是带把伞以防万一。（It seems that...）
___________________________________________ later today, so we should probably bring an umbrella just in case.
It seems that the weather is going to get worse
3.直到失去了这个好机会，我才意识到它的重要性，但那时后悔已经太迟了。（not...until...）
I __________________________________________________________
__, and then it was too late to regret.
didn't realize the importance of this good opportunity until I lost it
4.这款应用是如此方便且有用的工具，它在中国十分受欢迎。（such...that...）
This app is ___________________________________ it is quite popular in China.
such a convenient and useful tool that
维度四 融合教材·主题探究
【改编自译林选必三U1】
30 June, Morocco
My parents and I had just driven down the narrow mountain road from Marrakesh, with all its sharp bends, and had finally arrived at Merzouga. Before us stretched the unending sand dunes that marked the beginning of the Sahara. A small boy walked past with a group of noisy goats as I took a long look at the yellow
roadside sign that told us we were entering a “fragile natural environment”．I made a resolution to respect and protect this unique landscape while I was here. We set off, our vehicle quietly running over the sand and small stones. It wasn't long before we were surrounded by enormous sand dunes towering above us on all sides. The wind was blowing grains of sand from the tops of the dunes, the sun was beating down hard and bright, and the sky was a deep shade of blue that I had never seen before.
The wild beauty of the desert was about to reveal itself. There was not a plant to be seen. The desert appeared completely empty, which was calming and threatening at the same time. The colours of the dunes contrasted strikingly with the blue of the cloudless sky.
3 July, Kenya
A few days after our departure from the camp, our car was well and truly stuck in the mud. We were very near to our rest camp in Amboseli National Park located on the border of Kenya when my father, against my mother's advice, decided to drive through a large pool of water that stretched across the dirt road. Two tall slim local people were standing by the roadside watching us with amusement. They must have realized that we were totally
helpless, for after a few moments, they wandered over and pushed us free. My father smiled weakly and we drove on as my mother and I waved from the car window.
We found a parking space next to our hut, which was round and made from brick. We got out of the car, carrying our suitcases and boxes of food into the hut. I placed ham sandwiches, sausages and a bunch of bananas on a small wooden table. I returned to the car and fetched more possessions. It was then that I noticed a small
grey monkey sitting on a tree a few metres away and eating a banana.“So cute，” I thought to myself, until I realized it was my banana that he was eating! He was looking at me intently as he enjoyed the final mouthful. I was sure he was saying, “Thank you.” “You're welcome，” I replied.
1.What's the main idea of this passage ( )
A.The beautiful Sahara desert and animals of Africa.
B.How to make a travel plan in Africa.
C.A student's travel experience in Africa.
D.Two beautiful countries in Africa: Morocco and Kenya.
√
2.What can we infer from the first paragraph ( )
A.The author doesn't like the fragile natural environment of Sahara.
B.The author thinks the scenery of Sahara is very grand and likes it.
C.The author doesn't like the group of noisy goats in Morocco.
D.The author doesn't think it is important to protect the environment of Sahara.
√
3.What can we know from the author's experience in Kenya ( )
A.The author's mother wanted to drive through a large pool of water.
B.The author's father followed the author's mother's opinion when they were driving.
C.The two local people finally helped the family of the author out.
D.The author wanted to eat the grey monkey's banana.
√
［综合能力提升练］
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2025·深圳高级中学期中）Many gardeners believe that “talking” to their plants helps them grow—it turns out that they may not be
crazy at all. According to the scientists from the University of Exeter, plants may keep communicating with each other through a secret “unseen” language.
For their experiment, the scientists picked a cabbage plant that is known to send out a gas when its surface is cut. In order to get video evidence of the communication, they changed the cabbage gene by adding the luciferase （荧光素酶）, which is what makes fireflies （萤火虫） glow in the dark.
When the changed cabbage plant was in full bloom, they cut a leaf off with a pair of scissors, and almost immediately, thanks to the luciferase, they could see the plant sending out “methyl jasmonate （茉莉酸甲酯）”.
While this was a known fact, what was surprising was the fact that the minute this gas began to be released, the nearby cabbage plants seemed to detect some kind of danger and started to send out
a gas that they normally have to keep enemies like caterpillars （毛虫） away.
What the scientists are not sure is whether the plants are trying to warn the other leaves or the near plants of the danger—something that will require further research. However, the team, which is led by Professor Nick Smirnoff, is quite excited about the findings because this is the first time it has been proved that plants do not live a passive life, but actually move, sense and even communicate with each other.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们发现植物之间可能在通过一种“看不见的”语言进行交流。
1.What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 1 refer to ( )
A.Gardeners. B.Plants. C.Scientists. D.Fireflies.
解析：代词指代题。根据指代关系和画线词所在句可推知,they指代上文中的“gardeners”。
√
2.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the passage when the plant sent out “methyl jasmonate” ( )
A.The nearby cabbage plants seemed to sense some kind of danger.
B.The nearby cabbage plants started to send out a gas.
C.The nearby cabbage plants tried to warn the near plants.
D.The nearby cabbage plants communicated through a secret language.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“What the scientists are not sure...require further research.”可知，科学家们不确定这些植物是否在试图警告附近的植物。因此C项表述有误。
√
3.What can we learn from the experiment ( )
A.Plants don't live a passive life.
B.Plants can feel pain when they are cut.
C.Plants can warn the other leaves of danger.
D.Plants can talk with each other.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“plants do not live a passive life...with each other”可知,植物不是被动地生活。
√
4.From which of the following is the passage probably taken ( )
A.A health magazine. B.A biology magazine.
C.A medical research paper. D.A travel brochure.
解析：文章出处题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中的“According to the scientists...a secret ‘unseen’ language.”和最后一段中的“this is the first time...with each other”可知,文章介绍了科学家们发现植物之间可能在通过一种“看不见的”语言进行交流。由此可推知,本文很可能选自生物学杂志。
√
B
（2025·西安蓝田期中）Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night. This solves the problem of how to portion out （分配） energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
While the sun shines, plants perform photosynthesis（光合作用）. In this process, the plants change sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar, called starch （淀粉）. At night, the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
“The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food,” said study
co-author Alison Smith. “If the starch store is used too fast, plantswill starve and stop growing during the night. If the store is used too slowly, some of it will be wasted.”
The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis, which is regarded as a model plant for experiments. To give the plants some math tests, the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
During one of the exams, they shut off the lights on the plants early that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights. Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day meant they didn't have time to store as much starch as usual. And this forced the plants to adjust their normal nightly rhythm.
Amazingly, even after this day length trick, the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night. They had neither starved, nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird, the little stint, can make a five-thousand-kilometer journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and
arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more, on average.
The results of the study were published in eLife.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了植物体内有类似生物计算器的控制系统来控制能源消耗。
5.What can we learn from the passage ( )
A.Plants use little energy during the day.
B.Plants usually stop growing at night.
C.Plants waste a lot of energy at night.
D.Plants store starch during the day.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While the sun shines...called starch.”可知,植物在白天进行光合作用储存淀粉。
√
6.What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis ( )
A.They changed the plant's light conditions.
B.They provided the plant with more starch.
C.They tried to keep the plant's natural rhythm.
D.They attached a biological calculator to the plant.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To give the plants...early or late for them.”可知,为了研究拟南芥,科学家们改变了植物的光照条件。
√
7.How about the experimental plants when the morning arrived ( )
A.They nearly died of lack of food.
B.They used most of their stored energy.
C.They began to regulate their food store.
D.They stored enough starch for the next day.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At night, the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.”和第六段中的“Amazingly, even after this day...at the end of the night.”可知,当早晨到来时，实验植物使用了大部分储存的能量。
√
8.What can we learn about the little stint ( )
A.They may have a system to control energy consumption.
B.They often die during their long and difficult journey.
C.They leave the Arctic in summer every year.
D.They are unable to calculate the distances.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段和倒数第二段内容可知，植物有类似生物计算器的控制系统来控制能量消耗，类似的生物计算器可以解释小滨鹬,由此可推知,小滨鹬可能也有一个系统来控制能量消耗。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
（2025·四川凉山州安宁河联盟期中）Many years ago, I had an unforgettable experience. As I walked through the farmer's __________________, my eyes were immediately drawn to a basket of strange fruits, almost alien-looking fruits. They were a far cry from the perfectly shiny, round things we were used to seeing in supermarkets. Feeling curious, I_______________________.the seller and asked about these strange fruits.
C. market
B. approached
With a___________________ smile, the seller explained that these. ___________________ .were heirloom varieties （传家宝品种）, which were. _________________________. through generations. They may not. ___________________. society's standards （标准） of beauty, but their wonderful taste was. ________________________ by those who enjoyed the true nature of food. Because I was. ________________________.about the seller's enthusiastic explanation, I decided to give them a try.
B. warm
A. fruits
D. passed down
A. meet
C. appreciated
D. curious
As we. ___________________.the strange fruits, we felt they were incredibly delicious and made us feel really happy. Each bite was bursting with an intensity of taste we had never. _________________________. before. The fruits were juicy, sweet, and possessed the complexity that stayed on our tongues. It was as if they held the very essence of nature's presents.
B. ate
A. experienced
This encounter taught us a（n）___________________.lesson about the importance of looking beyond the fruit's ___________________ and embracing the beauty of. ________________________.. In a world filled with uniformity （一致性）, we had ___________________ the true value of uniqueness. These untraditional fruits were a reminder that. ___________________.and quality often exist in the unexpected.
C. valuable
B. appearance
D. imperfection
C. discovered
D. taste
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者品尝一种长相奇怪却味道香甜的水果感悟到我们要越过事物的外表,拥抱不完美的美。
1.( ) A.house B.field C.market D.garden
解析：根据下文“Feeling curious...these strange fruits.”可知,作者是在农贸市场（market）上见到了一种奇异的水果。
2.( ) A.believed B.approached C.punished D.found
解析：根据下文asked about these strange fruits可知,作者走（approach）到卖家面前,想要更多地了解这种水果。
3.( ) A.bitter B.warm C.strange D.cold
解析：根据下文the seller's enthusiastic explanation可知,卖家很耐心地做了解答,说明卖家很热情（warm）。
4.( ) A.fruits B.plants C.flowers D.trees
解析：根据上文“my eyes were...alien-looking fruits”及asked about these strange fruits可知,此处为卖家向作者介绍这些水果（fruit）。
5.( ) A.looked for B.talked about
C.given up D.passed down
解析：根据上文heirloom varieties及下文through generations可知,这些水果品种是卖家家族代代传承（pass down）至今的。
6.( ) A.meet B.maintain C.generate D.break
解析：根据下文society's standards of beauty并结合句意可知，此处为不符合（meet）社会的审美标准。
7.( ) A.improved B.suspected C.appreciated D.forgotten
解析：根据上文their wonderful taste和下文“those who enjoyed the true nature of food”可知,享受食物真正本质的人对这种水果的味道应该是赞赏（appreciate）的。
8.( ) A.nervous B.anxious C.uneasy D.curious
解析：根据下文“I decided to give them a try”可知,作者对它很好奇（curious）。
9.( ) A.bought B.ate C.harvested D.grew
解析：根据下文“we felt they were incredibly delicious...before”可知,作者吃到了（eat）这种水果。
10.( ) A.experienced B.remembered C.liked D.covered
解析：根据常识可知,食物的味道应该是自己亲身体验（experience）、亲口品尝。
11.( ) A.boring B.meaningless C.valuable D.imaginative
解析：根据下文“lesson about the importance...embracing the beauty of ___”可知，这是宝贵的（valuable）教训。
12.( ) A.quality B.appearance C.origin D.price
解析：根据上文a basket of strange fruits, almost alien-looking fruits、incredibly delicious和“The fruits were juicy...on our tongues.”可知,应该越过事物不完美的外表（appearance）去认识本质。
13.( ) A.life B.simplicity C.art D.imperfection
解析：根据上文“They were a far cry...in supermarkets.”可知，此处表示我们要越过水果的外表,拥抱不完美（imperfection）的美。
14.( ) A.doubted B.added C.discovered D.stressed
解析：根据下文the true value of uniqueness可知，此处指在生活中发现（discover）了与众不同之物的真正价值。
15.( ) A.color B.cost C.weight D.taste
解析：根据上文“Each bite was bursting with an intensity of taste...before.”可知，作者从这种外表奇怪的水果中品尝到了极美妙的味道（taste）,越过外表认识到这种水果的真正品质。
Ⅲ.语法填空
According to a survey, one in three families in the UK owns a bottle of soy sauce. Although that might sound 1.__________（surprise）, soy sauce has been in England longer than most people would expect. Soy sauce 2._________（use） in the very first edition of Mrs Beeton, the famous cooking guide book published in 1861, and yet, Chinese home cooking didn't become widespread in the UK 3._____ the end of the 20th century.
surprising
was used
until
Canned Chinese ingredients like soy sauce began increasing in the 1900s. One of the famous brands moved its factory from Xiamen to Hong Kong in 1928, 4._______ helped canned Chinese ingredients travel around the world. The arrival of these ingredients alongside people with the skills to use them meant that interest 5.___ Chinese food began to grow in the UK.
After World War Ⅱ, Chinese chefs cooked 6.______ they could buy in the UK in traditional Chinese ways, making food that slowly became the 7.__________（found） for the so-called British-Chinese takeaways.
which
in
what
foundation
By the 1970s and 1980s, beyond the takeaway, more and more Chinese dining restaurants opened and gained recognition, 8.___________（particular） in London, and in 1974, Lee Ho Fok became the first Chinese restaurant in the UK 9.______________（award） a Michelin star.
Through those famous brands and many Chinese restaurants, 10.________（cook） Chinese food at home became increasingly common in the UK. 1984 saw the release of Yan-Kit So's The
particularly
to be awarded
cooking
Classic Chinese Cookbook and Ken Hom's Chinese Cookey. Both of the works introduced Chinese food in all its complexity, while also introducing easy homestyle and even takeaway dishes.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了酱油在英国的发展史。
1.__________
surprising
解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词surprising作表语。
2._________
was used
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，根据in 1861可知，应用一般过去时，且主语Soy sauce为不可数名词，与use之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。
3._____
until
解析：考查固定句型。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型，“not...until...”意为“直到……才……”。
4._______
which
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，且在从句中作主语，应用which。
5.___
in
解析：考查固定短语。interest in为固定短语,意为“对……的兴趣”。
6.______
what
解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作buy的宾语，意为“买到的食物”，应用what。
7.__________
foundation
解析：考查名词。根据空前定冠词the可知，空处应用名词形式。
8.___________
particularly
解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词作状语修饰后面的介词短语。
9.______________
to be awarded
解析：考查非谓语动词。“the first...to do...”为固定短语，意为“第一个做……的……”，Chinese restaurant和award之间为被动关系，空处应用动词不定式的被动语态。
10.________
cooking
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动词-ing作主语，应用cooking。(共61张PPT)
Unit 5 Revealing nature
［核心单词］ seed distant sample
suspect ancestor generate characteristic
decline blame primitive detect
root link centimetre
［重点句型］1.so/such...that...
2.Sb./Sth.+be+过去分词+to do...
［单元语法］ 过去完成时
［写作任务］ 植物观察日志
［重点短语］ answer the call, first choice, of all time, in question, be crowded with, come to exist, adapt to, a variety of, be native to, tiny amounts of, drive...away
［The living creatures］
flesh n. 果肉
bud n. 花蕾
cub n. 幼兽
claw n. 爪
shoot n. 幼苗
wild animals 野生动物
farm animals 家畜
［The spirit of exploration］
curious adj. 好奇的
cautious adj. 谨慎的
serious adj. 严肃的
quick-minded adj. 思维敏捷的
full-hearted adj. 满腔热情的
determined adj. 坚决的
sceptical adj. 怀疑的
［The evolution process］
reproduce v. 繁殖
extinct adj. 灭绝的
evolve from... 从……进化而来
die out 灭绝
natural selection 自然选择
keep the balance of nature 保持自然界的平衡
survive natural disasters 在自然灾害中幸存
［The methods of exploration］
unearth v. 发掘
assume v. 认为
dig for remains 探寻遗迹
propose a theory 提出一个理论
collect samples 采集样品
analyse data 分析数据
话题佳句
1.It is a beneficial and necessary thing for us to cherish the beauty of the earth and explore the nature and humanity. 对我们而言，珍惜地球的美并探索自然和人性是一件有益且有必要的事情。
2.As the natural resources we have are limited, we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit.
由于我们拥有的自然资源是有限的，所以我们没有理由毫无限制地浪费宝贵的资源。
3.This activity not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study. 这个活动不但给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们从学习中得到放松。
Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
精读课文 语篇理解
2
自查语基 知能落实
3
创意课堂 点面突破
4
课堂微练 即时检验
PART
01
精读课文 语篇理解
&1& 〈教材助读+语基默写〉见分册本
What does the passage mainly talk about ( )
A.Darwin's interest in various things made him a great naturalist.
B.Darwin's journey on the Beagle inspired his theory of evolution.
C.Why Darwin was chosen to go on a journey with the captain of the Beagle.
D.Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.
√
medical
disgrace
samples
evolved
evolution
most
important
1.What do we know about Charles Darwin from paragraph 1 ( )
A.His father was disappointed with him.
B.He was interested in his lessons at college.
C.He knew the captain of the Beagle very well.
D.He wanted to travel around the world by ship.
2.What was Charles Darwin interested in ( )
A.Travelling around the world. B.Living things on Earth.
C.Communicating with others. D.Doing research on resources.
√
√
3.What kind of person was Charles Darwin according to the passage ( )
A.Humorous and clever. B.Intelligent and helpful.
C.Knowledgeable and generous. D.Ambitious and persistent.
4.What did Charles Darwin base his theory on ( )
A.Experiments. B.Scientific research.
C.Traditional beliefs. D.Famous sayings.
√
√
1.When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most.（Para.4）
［分析］ “When the Beagle...in 1835”为when引导的__________从句；主句是but连接的并列句，其中第二个分句中“it was the birds that interested him the most”为__________。
［翻译］ ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________
时间状语
强调句型
1835年，当“猎犬号”抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。
2.Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before.（Para.5）
［分析］ 句子的主干为Darwin suspected，“that the finches...ancestor”为that引导的______从句，“which had arrived...before”为which引导的______________从句，修饰先行词ancestor。
［翻译］ ___________________________________________________
__________________________________
宾语
非限制性定语
达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，而该祖先很久以前就来到这片群岛了。
Charles Darwin, whose father predicted that he would be 1.___ disgrace to himself and his family, didn't complete his 2.________（medicine） degree at college. However, his adventures on the Beagle led to one of the most important scientific 3.___________（discovery） of all time.
a
medical
discoveries
The journey on the ship, the Beagle, offered him a good opportunity 4._________（study） the living things in their natural environments. He was so fascinated by rocks, plants and animals 5._____ he got his room crowded with samples. It was believed at that time that all species 6._____________（appear）
to study
that
had appeared
on Earth at the same time and hadn't changed since. Through his careful observation, he began to think 7.__________（different）. When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands, he noticed that there was a difference between the beaks of the finches on each of the islands according to what food was available on that particular island. So he thought they must have evolved from a common ancestor, and they had evolved to adapt 8.___ the environment.
differently
to
Darwin based his new ideas on his observation and generated his theory of 9._________（evolve）. The book, On the Origin of Species, explained his theory, 10.________（cause） a heated storm of debate. Today, it is still regarded as one of the most important works ever written.
evolution
causing
What have you learned about the spirit of scientific exploration
____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All of us are on the journey of life. We are born with the good qualities Darwin has. We just need to waken them and keep them awake! Keep exploring! Keep questioning! Keep thinking!
PART
02
自查语基 知能落实
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
A.鸟嘴，喙
B.雀科鸣禽
C.地质学家
D.丢脸，耻辱
1.disgrace n.
答案：D
2.geologist n.
答案：C
3.finch n.
答案：B
4.beak n.
答案：A
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1.plant ______播下种子
2.________ of the plants and animals 动植物样本
3.evolve from a common ________ 从一个共同的祖先进化而来
seeds
samples
ancestor
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1._______ adj.遥远的；远处的→distance n.距离；远处
2._______ v.进化→evolution n.进化（论）
3.________ v.猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspected adj.可疑的；疑似……的→suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的→suspicion n.怀疑，嫌疑
4._________ v.产生，创造→generation n.产生；代；一代人→generator n.生产者；发电机
distant
evolve
suspect
generate
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1.We're determined to _______________（响应号召） to take action and contribute to environmental protection.
answer the call
2.While it is the ___________（首选） of many young travelers, Europe is also seen as a wonderful tourist attraction by many old people.
first choice
3.The discovery of penicillin is widely regarded as one of the most important medical breakthroughs ___________（有史以来）.
of all time
4.The issue of whether to carry out the new policy is currently ___________（在讨论中）, and the decision will be made based on the results of the discussion.
in question
5.The square ________________（挤满） excited tourists, colorful market stalls and many street performers during the Spring Festival.
6.This kind of plant _____________（产生） millions of years ago and has survived in various environments.
is crowded with
came to exist
7.Humans have an amazing ability to _________（适应）new environments, allowing them to survive in a wide range of conditions.
adapt to
8.The island offers such ____________（各种各样的） scenery, activities and cultural experiences that it is a must-visit destination for anyone who loves to travel.
a variety of
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.强调句型
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835， Darwin
saw a variety of new species， but ____________________________
_____________（最令他感兴趣的是鸟类）.（Para.4）
it was the birds that interested him the most
2.“It seems/seemed （that）...”意为“看起来/似乎是……”
_______________________________（它们的喙似乎是……进化而来的） according to what food was available on that particular island.（Para.4）
It seemed their beaks had evolved
3.“not...until...”意为“直到……才……”
_____________________________（它直到1859年才出版） and immediately caused a storm.（Para.6）
It was not published until 1859
4.“so/such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”
But Darwin's scientific studies were _________________（如此具有说服力以至于） more and more people started to believe his theory.（Para.6）
so convincing that
PART
03
创意课堂 点面突破
1 distant adj.遥远的；远处的；远亲的；冷淡的
【经典例句】
①（教材P）The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”.
“猎犬号”的船长希望找到一个“借此机会游历遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”的人。
②（人教选必一U2）They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future.
自18世纪以来，他们主要以农民的身份生活，在遥远的将来，他们可能也会以同样的方式生活。
（1）be/become distant from离……遥远
（2）distance n.距离；远处；远方
in the distance在远处
at a distance 从远处，离一段距离
at a distance of在……距离处
within walking distance在步行距离内；步行就能到
keep sb. at a distance与某人保持一定距离
【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】
（1）We could see nothing in the thick fog ___ a distance of five meters，so we got lost on the way home.［读后续写之场景描写］
（2）Small and distant ______ the cities though my hometown is, there is always something different to catch your eye.
（3）I saw some children waving to the foreign guests ______________（在远处），but I couldn't see them clearly.
at
from
in the distance
（4）You can also visit the city museum, which is _______________________________________________（从你住的酒店步行就能到）.［应用文写作之推荐信］
within walking distance of the hotel where you stay
（5）了解玛丽很难，因为她总是与每个人都保持一定距离。
It is very difficult to get to know Mary because she _________________________________.［读后续写之人物描写］
always keeps everyone at a distance
2 be crowded with 挤满；充满；塞满
【经典例句】（教材P）After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. 在南美洲度过一段时间后，达尔文的船舱里满是他收集的动植物样本。
crowd v. 拥挤；挤满
n.人群；观众
crowd into挤进；涌入（某人）脑海
crowd in （on sb.）（问题、想法等）涌上（某人）心头
a crowd of一群；一堆
crowds of成群；许多
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1）The scenic spots are typically crowded _____ masses of tourists during the peak holiday season, making it a challenging and sometimes stressful experience to visit.
with
（2）成群的学生涌进了校车，不一会儿，车里就挤得容不下其他人了。
______________________________________________________, and in a while it was ___________________ anyone else.［读后续写之场景描写］
Crowds of/A crowd of students crowded into the school bus
too crowded to hold
3 adapt to 适应
【经典例句】（教材P） Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
也许动物在适应环境的变化时也逐渐进化了
（1）adapt v.适应；调整；改编
adapt oneself to...使自己适应……
adapt...from...根据……改编……
adapt...for...为……改编……
（2）adaptation n.适应；改编本
adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1）（2024·浙江卷1月）Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure ______________（adapt） by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.
is/was adapted
（2）I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play ________（adapt） from our English text.［应用文写作之求助信］
adapted
（3）Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her __________（adapt） to the new culture.
adaptation
（4）在纽约一年的时间里，要不是你的帮助，我不可能这么快就适应新环境。
But for your help during my one year's stay in New York, I _____________________________________________________ so quickly.［应用文写作之感谢信］
wouldn't have adapted （myself） to the new environment
4 suspect v.猜想，怀疑，觉得 n.［C］嫌疑犯;可疑对象
【经典例句】（教材P）Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，而该祖先很久以前就来到这片群岛了。
（1）suspect sth./that...怀疑某事/……
suspect sb./sth. to be...怀疑某人/某事是……
suspect sb.of （doing） sth.怀疑某人（做了）某事
（2）suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1）___________（suspect） that the traveler carried illegal goods，the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.
Suspecting
（2）I had been betrayed by those who I trusted several times, resulting in my __________（suspect） attitude towards everything and everyone.
suspicious
（3）汤姆的朋友怀疑他在考试中作弊，这让汤姆感到非常沮丧，并且急于证明自己的清白。
Tom's friend ____________________________________, which made Tom feel very upset and eager to prove his innocence.［读后续写之情绪描写］
suspected him of cheating on the exam
5 “so/such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”
【经典例句】①（教材P）But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
②（人教必修三U5）I developed such a strong interest in stage design that I realised I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing it.
我对舞台设计产生了如此浓厚的兴趣，以至于我意识到我想用余生来做这件事。
（1）“so/such...that...”引导状语从句，该结构的具体形式如下：
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（2）在“so/such...that...”结构中，当so/such置于句首时，其所在句子要用部分倒装结构。
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
（1）（2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）It was _____ an extraordinary and memorable experience that I would always keep it in my memory.
（2）We had ___ little time to catch the train that we had to run as fast as we could to make it.
such
so
（3）他是一位极其负责任的老师，以至于我们都被他深深打动，永远不会忘记他对我们的学习和个人成长产生的影响。
→He was __________________________ we were all deeply moved and we will never forget the impact he had on our learning and personal growth.
→He was ____________________________ we were all deeply moved and we will never forget the impact he had on our learning and personal growth.
so responsible a teacher that
such a responsible teacher that
→_________________________________________________________ we were all deeply moved and we will never forget the impact he had on our learning and personal growth. （倒装）［应用文写作之人物介绍］
So responsible a teacher/Such a responsible teacher was he that
PART
04
课堂微练 即时检验
Ⅰ.品句填词
1.It is the touching lyrics （歌词） and beautiful tunes that impress me and transport me back to the _______（遥远的） past.
2.The study showed lions and house cats had a common a________.
3.When completed, the dam will be the largest one to _________（产生） electricity in the central regions of the country.
distant
ncestor
generate
4.Over sixty students took an active part in the activity, some weeding the flower beds, some sowing ______（种子） and others watering the garden.
seeds
5.We ________（怀疑） they are trying to hide something, hence we need an independent inquiry.
6.The scientist collected some insects and plants as ________（样品）in the mountain for his study.
suspect
samples
7.Birds are widely believed to have e_______ from dinosaurs over a period of millions of years through a process of gradual change and natural selection.
volved
Ⅱ.词块运用
1.The beach ______________________（挤满了人） enjoying the sunshine and the sea, playing volleyball, and building sandcastles.
is crowded with people
2.The idea of artificial intelligence didn't ______________________（一夜之间出现）; it evolved over decades of research and development.
come to exist overnight
3.__________________（为了响应号召）, the city is scheduled to release more detailed educational policies to reduce students' learning burden.
To answer the call
4.The expert has pointed out that how to carry out effective cost control _________________（仍在讨论中）.
is still in question
5.Not only has she _______________________________（适应快节奏的生活方式） in the big city, but she is becoming more and more outgoing.
adapted to the fast-paced lifestyle
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
Last weekend, I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organized by our Students' Council. We gathered on the playground at 8:00 a.m. and then set off along the foot of the mountain behind our school. A local botanist told us about the different characteristics of various plant species as we went along. 1.___________________________________________________________________［看起来每个人都被植物的美丽深深地吸引住了；
It seemed that everyone was deeply fascinated by the beauty of the plants
It seems/seemed （that）...］ around us. 2.____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________（这次活动如此令人印象深刻，以至于激发了我们学生了解各种植物的热情；so...that...）. Moreover, 3.__________________________________________________________（正是通过这次活动，我们意识到大自然是多么神奇；强调句型） and that we should spare no effort to protect nature.
The activity was so impressive that it aroused the enthusiasm of us students to get to know various plants
it is through this activity that we realize how amazing nature is(共31张PPT)
Period 4 Writing
主题引领 情境写作
1
写作一 应用文写作（植物观察日志）
2
写作二 场景微续写（内疚与和解）
PART
01
写作一 应用文写作（植物观察日志）
请根据下面的提示,用英语写一篇观察日志,记录甜椒（bell pepper）的生长过程。要点包括:
1.播种及发芽阶段（8月初播种,发芽期10～15天）;
2.生长及发育阶段（幼苗期30～50天）;
3.成熟及结果阶段（开花和结果期60～100天）。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词汇:茎（stem）；开花（blossom）
&1& 审题谋篇
&2& 遣词造句
巧妙对接单元词汇
1._____ n. 种子
2.____________ 并排
3._______ v. 发芽
4.__________ n. 厘米
5.________ v. 长出,产出;结果实
seed
side by side
sprout
centimetre
produce
巧用单元句式、语法
［第一段］ 播种及发芽阶段
1.甜椒一般在8月初种植。
Bell peppers __________________ in early August.
are usually planted
2.首先,我们切开甜椒,取出种子。然后将种子并排播种在土壤中。
First, we cut open the bell peppers ________________. Then they are ______________________________.
to get the seeds
sowed into the soil side by side
3.按时给种子浇水。10到15天后,种子就能发芽。
The seeds are watered regularly. After ten to fifteen days,___________________.
the seeds can sprout
4.两片绿叶从幼苗上长出来。它们又细又长。
Two green leaves grow from the green seedling. They are ________________.
narrow and long
5.随着时间的推移,茎上长出更多的绿叶。（with复合结构）
___________________, more green leaves grow out of the stem.
With time going by
［第二段］ 生长及发育阶段
6.在接下来的30到50天里,茎长得更长、更壮。
During the next thirty to fifty days,________________________________.
the stem grows longer and stronger
7.有了充足的水分和光照,甜椒会持续生长,长到20厘米左右。
With enough water and sunlight, the bell peppers keep growing,______________________________________.
reaching a height of about 20 centimetres
8.很快就长出了白色花蕾。
Soon white buds __________.
9.甜椒在阳光下开花。
The bell peppers __________________.
come out
blossom in sunlight
10.花朵闻起来香甜而清新。这预示着它们将结出丰硕的果实。
The flowers _____________________. It indicates they will bear plentiful fruits.
smell sweet and fresh
［第三段］ 成熟及结果阶段
11.接下来的60到100天里,甜椒最终结出果实。
In the next sixty to one hundred days, the bell peppers finally _____________.
produce fruits
靓化表达促提升
12.用if引导条件状语从句的省略改写句3
____________________________________________________________
After ten to fifteen days, if watered regularly, the seeds can sprout.
13.用非限制性定语从句改写句4
______________________________________________________________________
Two green leaves grow from the green seedling, which are narrow and long.
14.用现在分词短语作伴随状语改写句10
____________________________________________________________________
The flowers smell sweet and fresh, indicating they will bear plentiful fruits.
&3& 衔接成篇
___________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Bell peppers are usually planted in early August. First,we cut open the bell peppers to get the seeds. Then they are sowed into the soil side by side. After ten to fifteen days,if watered regularly,the seeds can sprout. Two green leaves grow from the green seedling,which are narrow and long. With time going by,more green leaves grow out of the stem.
During the next thirty to fifty days, the stem grows longer and stronger. With enough water and sunlight,the bell peppers keep growing, reaching a height of about 20 centimetres. Soon white buds come out. The bell peppers blossom in sunlight. The flowers smell sweet and fresh,indicating they will bear plentiful fruits.
In the next sixty to one hundred days,the bell peppers finally produce fruits.
你校英语报开设了“学习观察（Learning to Observe）”栏目。请用英语写一篇黄豆芽（soybean sprouts）生长观察日志,并向该栏目投稿,内容包括:
1.观察过程;
2.你的体会。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________
One possible version:
In order to learn how soybeans grow into soybean sprouts, I grew some by myself. And here is my observation.
When high-quality soybeans have been kept in clean water for ten hours, they begin to become soft and their colour becomes lighter. Then, when they are put in a container and kept in a place where there is no sunlight for one day, soft small buds start to appear. During the following three days, the buds gradually become
longer and longer. On the fourth day, the buds completely grow into mature soybean sprouts.
Watching the growth of soybean sprouts is a pleasure and I enjoy this process of observation.
第一段 开头直接切入话题 1.I once lived in the countryside, where I planted some garlic.
我曾经住在农村，在那里我种了一些大蒜。
2.One day I buried some seeds of sunflowers into a basin, where there was some rich soil. After pouring some water into it, I began to observe it with great patience.
有一天我在一个有肥沃土壤的盆里埋了一些向日葵的种子。倒了一些水进去后，我开始非常耐心地观察它。
第二段 按照时间发展顺序详细介绍观察的 过程 1.I used the cultivator to loosen the soil all around the hole to make it easier for the roots to spread. 我用耕耘机把洞周围的土壤弄松，让根更容易蔓延。
2.Seeing that the soil was a little dry, I added some water to it again.看到土壤有点干，我又给它加了一些水。
3.Gradually the beans were coming into leaf. Now and then I sprinkled water on them so that they grew well. 豆子渐渐长出了叶子。我不时地给它们浇水，以便它们长得很好。
续表
第二段 按照时间发展顺序详细介绍观察的 过程 4.As time goes on, more leaves grow from the stem, making it possible for the plant to receive more sunlight.随着时间的流逝，更多的叶子从茎中长出，使植物能接受更多的阳光。
5.Another few days passed, the flower bud became visible at the tip of the sunflower stem.又过了几天，向日葵茎尖上的花蕾清晰可见。
6.About a month later, yellow flowers came out, which meant young peanuts were being produced in the soil. 大约一个月后，黄色的花朵开了，这意味着土壤中正在长出小花生。
续表
第三段 结尾描述自己对观察到的景象的感受或认识 1.How amazing it is to watch a seed become a tall plant!看着一粒种子长成一株高大的植物，真是太神奇了！
2.I can't wait to show my grandparents the fruit trees I have planted.我迫不及待地带爷爷奶奶去看我种的果树。
3.Seeing the flowers, I was too excited to express my feelings.看着这些花，我激动得无法表达自己的感受。
4.It is from this experience that I learned/realized that “No pain, no gain.”正是从这次经历中，我学到了/意识到了“一分耕耘，一分收获”。
续表
PART
02
写作二 场景微续写（内疚与和解）
词汇积累 ［动作描写］answer the call， suspect， blame， detect， drive away， link
［人物描写］ at a distance, disgrace, geologist, legend
佳句积累 ［人物描写］ It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.
［拟人］ More surprisingly，plants also use sound to communicate.
［情感描写］ Most surprisingly of all，plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.
［比喻］ Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”.
续表
［场景呈现］杰克向我走来，但我的新朋友们扬起眉毛，把他们的背包堆在仅剩的一把椅子上，这样杰克就没有地方坐了。这种尴尬的局面使气氛凝固了。为了回应我的新朋友们，我低下头，刻意疏远杰克。但是当看到他脸上的悲伤时，我立刻后悔并怀疑自己刚刚所做的一切。“真丢脸！”我忍不住想，“当他被赶走的时候，我应该为他说话。”带着强烈的内疚感，我意识到我是那个该受责备的人。因此，我去找他并道歉。令我惊讶的是，杰克立刻笑着原谅了我。
Jack was walking towards me，but my new friends raised their eyebrows and piled their backpacks on the only chair left 1.____________________________________________（so that引导状语从句+there be句型）.This awkward situation froze the air.2.__________________ of my new friends, I lowered my head,3.___________________________________（现在分词短语作状语）.
so that there was no space for Jack to sit down
To answer the call
keeping Jack at a distance on purpose
But when seeing the sadness on his face，I immediately regretted and 4._____________________________（what引导宾语从句）.“5.________________！” I couldn't help considering，“I should have spoken up for him 6.________________________（when引导时间状语从句）.” With a strong feeling of guilt，I realized I was 7._________________.Therefore，I went to him and made an apology. To my surprise，Jack forgave me at once and smiled.
suspected what I had just done
What a disgrace
when he was driven away
the one to blame
短语必记 1.be/feel guilty about sth. 对某事感到内疚
2.feel ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧
3.be filled with guilt充满内疚
4.be overwhelmed with shame羞愧难当
5.the burden of guilt weighs heavily on one's mind
愧疚的重担压在某人的心头
必背金句 1.After losing the game，I had guilt written all over my face. 输掉比赛后，我满脸愧疚。
2.Jack hung his head in shame when he realized he had done wrong.
当意识到自己做错了之后，杰克羞愧地低下了头。
3.Overwhelmed with shame， I slammed the door and cried myself to sleep.
我羞愧难当，砰地一声关上了门，自己哭着哭着睡着了。
续表
必背金句 4.I felt ashamed of myself for getting so angry without knowing the truth.
我为自己不知道真相就这么生气而感到羞愧。
5.The burden of guilt weighed heavily on my mind， causing me almost to lose my breath.
愧疚的重担压在我的心头，让我几乎喘不过气来。
续表(共18张PPT)
Period 2 Using language
过去完成时
1
要义详析 探究语法
2
课堂微练 即时检验
PART
01
要义详析 探究语法
（1）（教材P）It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.
这是一个从医学院辍学且没有拿到学位的年轻人。
（2）（教材P）After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
在南美洲度过一段时间后，达尔文的船舱里满是他收集的动植物样本。
（3）（教材P）At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since.
那时，人们认为地球上的所有物种都是同时出现的，并且从此再无变化。
（4）（译林选必一 U2）By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician.
在他少年时，他就已享有杰出的年轻音乐家的名声。
（5）It was the first time that she had left China.
这是她第一次离开中国。
（6）I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家就下雨了。
（7）It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 我离开北京至少有三个月了。
（8）I had hoped to send him a Christmas card,but forgot to do so.
我本来想送他一张圣诞节贺卡，但把这事给忘了。
（9）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days. 一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两个被困在山里两天的游客。
1.构成：had+过去分词
2.用法：
（1）表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前，即“过去的过去”。常与时间状语“by+表示过去的时间”、before等引导的短语或从句连用。
（2）用于宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句中。表示主句和从句发生的动作有先后的关系，动作发生在前的，用过去完成时，动作发生在后的，用一般过去时。
（3）某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用的动词有hope、mean、want、expect、plan、intend、wish等。
（4）常用过去完成时的固定句型：
①在no sooner...than...、hardly...when...句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……、刚……就……”。
②在It was the first/second/...time...（that）...句型中，that从句常用过去完成时。
③It was+一段时间+since 从句，从句用过去完成时。
（5）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响；过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”，一定有一个表示过去的参照点。
PART
02
课堂微练 即时检验
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.（2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）I ____________（plan） to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm， my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
had planned
2.（2024·全国甲卷）They were part of a 15-member exploring party that __________（spend） almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
had spent
3.（2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）When I finally finished the essay, the thought of winning __________（give） way to the enjoyment of writing.
had given
4.（2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what _____________（happen）.
5.I ___________（hope） to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
6.It was the second time that Mr. Smith ___________（visit） the Great Wall, and he was equally impressed during his first visit.
7.He once ________（work） on a farm for 10 years, and now he is the manager of the company.
had happened
had hoped
had visited
worked
8.Mr. Smith ____________（work） in a car factory for ten years before he came to China.
9.She told me it was the most instructive lecture that she ____________（attend） since she came to this school.
10.By the time he graduated from university， the man _______________（establish） the project with his partners.
had worked
had attended
had established
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.到昨晚8点钟，我们已经完成了大部分的工作。
By eight o'clock last night, we ____________________________.
had finished most of the work
2.她刚刚做完作业，妈妈就让她弹钢琴。（hardly...when...）
_________________________________________ her mother asked her to play the piano.
She had hardly finished her homework when
3.这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。我非常紧张，但我尽力自信地发表演讲。
_________________________________________ an English speech contest. I was extremely nervous, but I tried my best to deliver my speech confidently.
It was the first time that I had taken part in
4.昨晚我本打算来看你，但是那时我有一个重要的会议要参加。
I ___________________________________ last night， but I had an important meeting to attend then.
had planned to come over to see you
5.当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。
When he got to school， he realized that he _____________________________.
had left his homework at home(共52张PPT)
课后巩固 多维提能
［基础知识巩固练］
维度一 词形转换和动词的形式变换
1.Built about a hundred years ago, the old stone bridge is still the only way _______（link） the village and the outside.
to link
2.The mother didn't put the blame for breaking the glass on the little boy, saying she herself was _________（blame）.
to blame
3.I didn't know why the little boy declined __________（answer） the question. He was probably too afraid to speak in public.
to answer
4.Today more and more people are fond of _________（detect） stories, which might show that everyone wants the justice to be done.
detective
5.Walking into the Palace Museum, visitors put themselves in a group of buildings with many _____________（characteristic） of Chinese culture.
characteristics
维度二 固定用法和搭配
1.Many people believe that teenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions ___ some ways.
in
2.When it comes to Chengdu, the first thing that comes to your mind is pandas, which are native ___ Sichuan.
to
3.I will drive ______ your loneliness by talking about things that interest you, listening to your thoughts and feelings, and providing comfort and support.
away
4.When it comes to national parks, people often link them _______ those famous landmarks recommended in tour guides.
to/with
5.Recent research shows that teenagers who have trouble concentrating should be blamed ____ the use of mobile phones.
on
维度三 完成句子
1.在过去的十年里，我们沟通的方式发生了巨大的变化。（the way作先行词的定语从句）
________________________________________ has undergone a dramatic transformation in the past decade.
The way （in which/that） we communicate
2.众所周知，快速的工业发展导致了大量的空气和水污染问题。（it作形式主语）
_____________________ the rapid industrial development has led to a large number of air and water pollution problems.
It is known to all that
3.老师手里拿着一本书在教室里来来回回地走动。（with复合结构）
The teacher was walking back and forth in the classroom, _______________________.
with a book in his hand
4.据说这部电影改编于英国的一本乡村小说。（Sb./Sth.+be+过去分词+to do...）
__________________________________________ a country novel of the UK.
The movie is said to have been adapted from
维度四 融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教选必四 U2】
25 Sep
Next week I'm travelling to Australia to visit a friend there over the school holidays. I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and what I learn. I have already done some research on the country. Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as “down under”.
I have also read about some iconic sites, such as the Sydney Opera House and the Great Ocean Road, and animals like the cute koalas and kangaroos. I can't wait to see all of them! However, as I major in social studies, I'm more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life.
1 Oct
I'm here in Sydney! Since I arrived, my friend has brought me to my first open-air barbecue and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me, so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food! A lot of typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast, is originally British. Bakeries, fast-food joints， butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world. The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand, led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sim.
1.What does the underlined phrase “down under” in paragraph 1 mean ( )
A.Australia is surrounded by oceans.
B.Australia lies to the south of the equator.
C.Australia will be swallowed by rising sea water.
D.Australia has a lower ground level than other countries.
2.Which of the following is the author NOT more interested in ( )
A.Politics. B.The culture.
C.The food. D.The way of life.
√
√
3.Which is the author's first impression of Australia when he arrives in Sydney ( )
A.Its beautiful scenery. B.Its kind residents.
C.Its food. D.Its coast.
√
［综合能力提升练］
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2025·聊城高二检测）
The Mystery of Why Sunflowers Turn to Follow the Sun—Solved
Scientists have answered a burning question central to sunflowers: Why do young flowers always face the sun over the course of a day
And also: Once sunflowers become full-grown, why do they stop tracking the sun and only face east
In a newly-published article, researchers claim that a young plant's sun-tracking （also called heliotropism） can be explained by circadian rhythms—the behavioural changes tied to an internal clock that humans also have, which generally follows a 24-hour cycle.
“Growth rates on the east side were high during the day and very low at night, whereas growth rates on the west side were low during the day and higher at night,” the journal article says.
The researchers tied plants up so they couldn't move or turned them away from the sun—and they found those flowers eventually had “fewer organic materials and less leaf area” than flowers that could move with the sun.
Full-grown sunflowers respond differently to the sun. According to the article, “As overall growth slows down, the circadian clock ensures that the plant reacts more strongly to light early in the morning than in the afternoon or evening, so it gradually stops moving westward during the day.”
The researchers compared full-grown flowers facing east with those they turned to face west, and found that east-facing flowers attracted five times as many helpful pollinators. That's because the east-facing flowers heat up faster and bees like warm flowers.
“Just like people, plants depend on the daily rhythms of day and night to function,” Anne Sylvester, director of the National Science Foundation's Plant Genome （基因组）. Research Programme said in a press release, “Sunflowers, like solar panels, follow the sun from east to west. These researchers explore information in the sunflower genome to understand how and why sunflowers track the sun.”
UC Berkeley professor and co-author of the study, Benjamin Blackman, believes that the connection between circadian rhythms and growth could be applicable to other research. “The more general point, that one of the circadian clock's adaptive functions is to regulate the timing and strength of growth responses to environmental signals, is one that I think will apply to a broad range of qualities and species,” he said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了向日葵为什么跟着太阳转的谜题解开了。
1.What did the researchers discover when they tied the sunflowers up ( )
A.They still tracked and faced towards the sun.
B.They grew faster during the daytime than they did at night.
C.Their growth rates were lower than those of flowers facing the sun.
D.The growth rates on the west side were higher than those on the east.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“they found those flowers eventually...could move with the sun”可知，被捆起来的向日葵的生长速度低于面向太阳的向日葵。
2.Why do sunflowers move westward less when they are fully-grown ( )
A.Because they will not be affected by light anymore.
B.Because they will stop growing up if they face west.
C.Because they are not active at all during afternoons or evenings.
D.Because they are more sensitive to light in the early morning from the east.
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知,向日葵在完全成熟时向西移动的次数较少,是因为它们对清晨来自东方的光线更敏感。
√
3.What may the underlined word “pollinators” in paragraph 7 refer to ( )
A.Bees. B.Plants. C.Energy. D.Researchers.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第七段中的“That's because...bees like warm flowers.”可知，朝东的花朵吸引了五倍多的有益授粉昆虫,画线词指代的是蜜蜂。
√
4.What is the possible direction of future study according to Benjamin Blackman ( )
A.Exploring information in the sunflower genome.
B.Comparing humans' circadian rhythms with sunflowers'.
C.Comparing full-grown flowers facing east with those facing west.
D.Exploring how circadian rhythms affect the growth of other species.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,根据本杰明·布莱克曼所说，未来研究的方向可能是探索昼夜节律如何影响其他物种的生长。
√
B
In general, the richness of the natural world isn't spread evenly across the globe. Places like the tropical Andes in South America are simply packed with unique species, many of which can't be found in any other places. Until recently, the main explanation for the biological richness concentrated in places like the Amazon Basin was that such places must be engines of biodiversity （生物多样性），with new species evolving at a faster rate than other parts of
the world. But now, new research on bird evolution may turn that assumption（假设）on its head, instead supporting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend to produce new species faster.
The researchers say these biodiversity “coldspots” are generally found in environments featuring freezing, dry and unstable conditions. Though the researchers found these locations with few bird species tend to produce new ones at high rates, they fail to accumulate （积聚） many species because the unstable conditions frequently make the new life forms die out.
The more well-known “hotspots”, by contrast, have accumulated large numbers of species by being warm, hospitable and relatively stable. Indeed, the researchers found that the countless bird species that call the Amazon home tend to be older in evolutionary terms. “New species do form in places like the Amazon, just not as frequently as in the dry grasslands in the Andes,” said Elizabeth, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Tennessee.
The researchers managed to collect 1,940 samples representing 1,287 of the 1,306 bird species from South America. Their analysis showed that the best predictor of whether an area would produce new species at a high rate was how many species lived there, rather than climate or geographic features like mountains. Species-rich areas tended to produce new species more slowly.
“Maybe bad environments generate new species more frequently because there's less competition and more available opportunities for new species,” said Gustavo Bravo, a lead researcher.
The study's findings added new urgency to protecting ecosystems that may look barren, but may actually be nature's hothouses for the evolution of new species.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现恶劣的环境可以更频繁地产生新物种,因为竞争更少,所以新物种的机会更多。文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究的重要意义。
5.Why is South America mentioned in paragraph 1 ( )
A.To explain a fact. B.To make comparison.
C.To introduce the topic. D.To draw a conclusion.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容并结合下文提到恶劣环境可以更频繁地产生新物种可推知,第一段提到南美洲是为了引出文章关于生物多样性的主题。
√
6.What determines the rising rate of new species in a place ( )
A.The survival skills of species.
B.The environment they lived in.
C.The different biological factors.
D.The number of its then species.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Their analysis showed...new species more slowly.”可知,一个地方当时的物种数量决定了它新物种的增长速度。
√
7.Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “barren” in the last paragraph ( )
A.Dry and bare. B.Nice and green.
C.Lively and active. D.Complex and unpredictable.
解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“Maybe bad environments...for new species”以及画线词所在句可知,也许恶劣的环境会使新物种更频繁地产生,由此可推知，画线词意为“干旱且贫瘠的”。
√
8.What might be the best title for the passage ( )
A.Harsh Environments Pose a Greater Threat to Species
B.New Species Prefer to Live in the Extreme Climate
C.Tropical Areas Are Home to Large Numbers of Species
D.The Worst Ecosystem May Give Birth to New Species Fastest
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句可知,D项最适合作文章标题。
√
Ⅱ.七选五
（2025·湖北部分高中高二期中）We can tell something about a person when we notice his or her body posture. The way people hold themselves gives important information. 1.__________________ ___________________________________________ Not only do we see it in their body posture, but we also see it in the way they have very little eye contact.
E.For example, individuals feeling low often hang their shoulders.
解析：空前说明了人们的姿势的重要性，空处应该举具体的例子说明它的重要性，E项说明人们的姿势会提供关于他们情绪的信息，承接上文，符合语境。
They say to the world that they are not interested in their environment, nor the people in pare this to someone who walks straight and looks at the world and immediately you will have a different impression. 2._______________________________________
________________________
C.Our body posture often reflects quite well how we feel.
解析：空前说明了人们用姿势来反映自己的情绪，C项说明了人们用姿势反映自己的感觉，承接上文，符合语境。
Another feeling we can communicate with our body posture is one of interest and respect for someone else. Turning your body to someone when they are talking to you indicates that you are interested in hearing what they are saying. 3._____________________ _____________________ A small effort in this way can make the difference between being accepted by others or not.
A.It is an act of friendliness and respect.
解析：空前说明了我们用姿势来表达兴趣和尊重，且举出了“把身体转向对方”这个姿势的实际例子，空处也应该与兴趣和尊重有关，A项承接上文，符合语境。
4. ___________________________________ Someone who does not feel too comfortable in communication will often assume a defensive position. He or she will possibly have crossed arms or legs or will hold an object such as a bag in front. The bag as well as the crossed arms and legs provide protection for feeling uneasy.
B.A body posture can be closed or open.
解析：空处是本段主旨句，空后说明了人们可能采取一些防御性的姿势把自己保护起来，B项说明了身体姿势可以是封闭的，也可以是开放的，引出后文人们保护自己的姿势，因此可作为本段主旨句。
but it sometimes leads to misunderstandings. 5. __________________ ________________________________________________________Thus, it's crucial to be mindful of the gestures you use and the contexts in which you use them.
G.A gesture means one thing in one culture and something entirely different in another.
We often aren't aware of the body language signals we're sending, yet we unconsciously interpret the body language of others. Our interpretations rely heavily on our intuitive （直观的） feelings
解析：空后说明要注意你使用某种姿势的场合，也就是文化背景，G项说明在不同的文化中姿势的意思不同，和文化背景有关，承接上文，符合语境。
A.It is an act of friendliness and respect.
B.A body posture can be closed or open.
C.Our body posture often reflects quite well how we feel.
D.Take for instance the gesture when we want to say OK.
E.For example, individuals feeling low often hang their shoulders.
F.Friendship also gets established by our body language interactions.
G.A gesture means one thing in one culture and something entirely different in another.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了身体姿势在人际交流中的重要性。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Carter Ries is 16 years old and has been running the non-profit organization, One More Generation, with his sister Olivia since 2009. Together these two young change-makers are working to . ____________________.youth around the world to stand up, be heard, and ____________________the planet.
B. inspire
C. preserve
Carter said in a 2017 interview, “My sister and I have been doing this for the last eight years and not once have we wanted to ____________________ One More Generation. There have been arguments and stress, but the reason we continue to ____________________ is that we motivate each other.”
“Olivia and I go around the world . _________________youth groups about the need to save our planet—and so far we have ____________________ shown many of these groups that anything is possible if you are _____________. to work at it.”
A. quit
B. push on
D. teaching
C. successfully
B. willing
“We have created many campaigns—such as our Plastic and Recycling Awareness Week program—where we teach students how they can learn to help our environment. Another . ____________________is our Rhino （犀牛） Letter Writing Campaign, where we got over 10,000 kids from around the world to ____________________letters to the South Africangovernment, asking them to ______________ rhino poaching （偷猎）. Not only did this show the South African government that people around the world . ____________________.,
C. example
A. write
D. stop
D. cared
but it also showed the youth that they had a voice of ____________ and can use it on the go. The most ____________. thing, however, is getting them to believe that.”
“We recently launched a global OneLessStraw Pledge Campaign—highlighting the effects of global straw __________________ on animals and the environment. We want to deliver a strong __________________., ‘Anybody can make a difference...if we can, so can you!’”
A. quality
D. difficult
C. usage
B. message
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了16岁的卡特·里斯自2009年以来一直和妹妹奥利维亚一起经营非营利组织来保护地球的故事。
1.( ) A.employ B.inspire C.remind D.force
解析：根据下文“youth around the world to stand up, be heard”可知,这是在激励（inspire）年轻人。
2.( ) A.explore B.study C.preserve D.observe
解析：根据下文“Olivia and I go around the world...save our planet”可知,这里是激励年轻人保护（preserve）地球。
3.( ) A.quit B.lose C.finish D.choose
解析：根据上文“My sister and I have been doing...wanted to”及下文“There have been arguments and stress...each other.”可知,“我们”没有想过退出（quit）。
4.( ) A.stand by B.push on C.show off D.slow down
解析：根据下文“we motivate each other”可知,“我们”互相激励前进（push on）。
5.( ) A.questioning B.warning C.asking D.teaching
解析：根据下文“where we teach students...help our environment”可知,这是教（teach）给青年团体。
6.( ) A.gradually B.finally C.successfully D.fortunately
解析：根据下文“We have created many campaigns”可知,“我们”已经成功（successfully）宣传。
7.( ) A.afraid B.willing C.free D.unable
解析：根据上文“anything is possible”可知,只要愿意（willing）,一切皆有可能。
8.( ) A.experience B.struggle C.example D.research
解析：根据上文“such as our Plastic and Recycling Awareness Week program”可知,这是另一个例子（example）。
9.( ) A.write B.deliver C.edit D.bring
解析：根据上文Rhino Letter Writing Campaign可知,这是在给南非政府写（write）信。
10.( ) A.photograph B.introduce C.document D.stop
解析：根据上文“where we teach students...help our environment”可知,环保运动的另一个例子是请求政府制止（stop）偷猎犀牛。
11.( ) A.doubted B.noticed C.suffered D.cared
解析：根据上文“where we got over 10,000 kids...rhino poaching”可知,这是大家对保护犀牛的关心（care），表现了年轻人有改变（change）的声音。
12.( ) A.change B.reason C.truth D.authority
解析：参见上题解析。
13.( ) A.embarrassing B.interesting
C.enjoyable D.difficult
解析：根据下文“however, is getting them to believe that”可知,此处表示转折,指让人们相信这一点很难（difficult）。
14.( ) A.purchase B.prohibition
C.usage D.transportation
解析：根据下文on animals and the environment可知,吸管使用（usage）会对动物和环境有影响。
15.( ) A.suggestion B.message C.topic D.lecture
解析：根据上文“so far we have...that anything is possible”可知,这是他们想要传递的信息（message）。(共58张PPT)
课后巩固 多维提能
［基础知识巩固练］
维度一 单句语法填空
1.Tony ______________（purchase） a plane ticket for me in advance online before I set off for the airport.
had purchased
2.The shy boy ____________（plan） to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place， but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out.
had planned
3.In this experiment, they were woken up several times during the night, and were asked to report what they ___________（dream）.
had dreamt
4.To spread Chinese culture, he ____________（refer） dozens of classic books before he made the presentation on poems of the Tang Dynasty.
had referred
5.It was the first time that a serious problem __________（arise） in their project, so they had to consult Professor Yang.
had arisen
6.I _____________（intend） to meet you at the airport, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.
had intended
7.When first coming to the city, my parents often _____（have） a chat with neighbors, just as they __________（do） in the countryside.
had
had done
8.When Mary arrived, she found all her children _________（be） asleep for nearly two hours.
had been
9.No sooner had I seen him than I ______（know） he was the man the police were looking for.
knew
10.He realized he __________（make） a mistake only after he had submitted his report.
had made
11.（2022·全国乙卷）A few weeks before， I ___________（start） writing my term paper. I thought I could finish it by August.
had started
12.He ____________（work） on a ship for 8 years before he ________（become） the captain of the ship.
had worked
became
13.When first coming to that city, my parents often had a chat with neighbours, just as they __________（do） in our hometown.
had done
14.She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team __________（do） for her.
had done
15.It was the second time that Jim ___________（rush） out of the classroom without permission.
had rushed
16.By the time I turned on the TV, the football player ___________（score） two goals.
had scored
17.He ____________（plant） more than 6，000 trees on the mountain before we went to interview him.
had planted
18.I ______（ask） you not to move my dictionary this morning—now I can't find it.
asked
19.Tom ____________（think） of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind.
had thought
20.By the end of last year, he ____________（work） as a volunteer for twenty years.
had worked
维度二 语法与写作
1.到上学期期末,我们已经学了大约4 000个英语单词。
We ___________________________________ by the end of last term.
had learned about 4,000 English words
2.我原本打算从图书馆借一些书，结果却发现它正在维修中。
I ________________________________________________， only to find it was being repaired.
had intended to borrow some books from the library
3.我刚踏进教室，铃声就响了，我根本没时间准备上课。
I ____________________________________________________, leaving me no time to prepare for the lesson.
had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang
4.那是他第一次面对面地和一个以英语为母语的人交流。
It was the first time that he ___________________________________
______________ face to face.
had communicated with a native English speaker
5.我们非常高兴，因为我们之前从未取得过这么好的成绩。
We were extremely delighted， ________________________________
__________________.
because we had not achieved such a good result before
6.我一回到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
I _______________________________ it began to rain cats and dogs.
had no sooner reached home than
7.他一直看着她，想知道以前是否在哪里见过她。
He kept looking at her, wondering _____________________________
________________.
whether he had seen her somewhere before
8.我发现这场讲座很难听懂，因为我到的时候讲座已经开始了。
I found the lecture hard to follow because it _________________________.
had started when I arrived
9.当我到达戏院时，我发现票已经卖完了，这令我非常失望。
When I got to the theatre, I _________________________________, which made me very disappointed.
found the tickets had been sold out
10.珍本打算去拜访你的，但她有了一位不速之客。
Jane ________________________, but she had an unexpected visitor.
had intended to visit you
维度三 语篇填空
I had never seen such beautiful sights before I 1. _______（visit） Paris in 2024.I 2. __________（save） money for 5 years before I 3. ________（book） my trip to Paris. I was very excited! Before my trip to Paris, I had never been out of the United States.
When I went to Paris, I 4. ______（spend） many days touring the city. The city 5. ___（be） big. Sometimes I 6. ____（get） lost and asked for directions in French. That was easy because I 7. ___________（study） French for 2 years before I visited Paris.
visited
had saved
booked
spent
is
got
had studied
By the time I left Paris, I 8. ___________（tour） many beautiful places. The Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame Cathedral, and Luxembourg Gardens 9. ______（be） just a few of the places I saw. Before I 10. ______（go） to Paris, I had only seen those places on television.
had toured
were
went
［综合能力提升练］
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2025·海南海口一中期中）Plants are boring. They just sit there photosynthesizing （进行光合作用） while animals have all the fun. Right Not
so much. A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants.
The ant and plant co-evolution （协同进化） started with ants feeding on plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features.
Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. Some plants have evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even mammals. These include hollow thorns that ants will live inside, or extra nectar （花蜜） on leaves or stems for the ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and
attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed—often in a nutrient-rich area where it'll grow better, and since it's farther away from its parent, they won't have to compete for resources.
But scientists weren't sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started. If evolution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their neighbors, then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot. It was a chicken-and-egg question, whether things started with ants developing behaviors to take advantage of plants, or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants.
The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and it's not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot. However, it is a question of little significance. Scientists say their study matters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex interactions evolved.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现,蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠久的历史。
1.Why do some plants attach food packets to their seeds ( )
A.To reward the ants.
B.To make a fool of ants.
C.To get the seeds moved around.
D.To provide nutrition for the seeds.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around...to the seeds.”可知,有些植物在种子上附着食物包是为了让种子四处传播。
√
2.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us ( )
A.What ants do to protect plants.
B.How plants and ants interact.
C.How plants and ants survive attacks.
D.Why plants and ants need co-evolution.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Plants make a number of...for ant use.”和“Some ants will just cheat...to the seeds.”可知,第二段主要介绍了植物和蚂蚁是如何互动的。
√
3.Which is TRUE about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants ( )
A.Ants depended more upon plants.
B.How it got started was uncertain.
C.It caused a race for better evolution.
D.It was of little value for future studies.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But scientists weren't sure...got started.”可知,蚂蚁和植物之间的这种进化关系是怎么开始的还不确定。
√
4.What's the author's purpose of writing the passage ( )
A.To introduce a science research method.
B.To arouse readers' interest in science research.
C.To inform readers of a latest research finding.
D.To criticize people's traditional views about plants.
解析：写作意图题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中的“A new study has found...ants and plants.”可推知,作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者一项最新的研究结果。
√
B
（2025·成都树德中学期中）Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid
being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, and others generate chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant
prepare preemptive （先发制人的） defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed （喷洒） snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme （酶）, which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says.
“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars, which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. “This nonspecific defense may be a
strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival,” says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail's approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects,” Karban says.
“The research was comprehensive,” he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That's the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will find out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现,一些植物可以在被攻击前很好地感觉到攻击者,这让植物准备了先发制人的防御,甚至可以对抗其他有害物种。
5.Why did John Orrock spray a liquid onto soil near tomato plants ( )
A.To give them a warning.
B.To make them grow better.
C.To keep plant-eating animals away.
D.To inform plant-eating animals of danger.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We just gave them cues...in their chemistry.”可知,约翰·奥罗克在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警示,让它们能够产生自我保护性反应。
√
6.Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in paragraph 3 ( )
A.To introduce another animal.
B.To confirm the result of the study.
C.To appeal to people to protect animals.
D.To analyze different resistance chemicals.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推知,文中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果。
√
7.What does Richard Karban really want to know ( )
A.What the finding of the research is.
B.What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C.Whether the research is of practical value.
D.How tomato plants become aware of danger.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 “he wonders how the tomato plants...touched them”可推知,理查德·卡尔班想知道西红柿植株是如何感知危险的。
√
8.What can be a suitable title for the passage ( )
A.Watchful Plants B.Greedy Animals
C.A Snail's Approach D.Defense Against an Attack
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“New research now shows...against other pest species.”可知，本文主要介绍的是有关植物的科学研究,研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应。因此,A项适合作文章的标题。
√
C
（2025·福州八县市协作校期中）At Nature Fresh Farms in Leamington, Canada, there's something new among the rows of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers and strawberries. Using thousands of sensors in every greenhouse, artificial intelligence（AI） technology
is helping the farm in aspects such as lighting, irrigation and harvest timing, aiming to increase the yields of its crops and reduce its use of power and water. Farmers use drones （无人机） to survey farms and look for information on weeds, pests and diseases.
A lot of research into AI and agriculture is done at institutions, but it then needs to be tested in a network of smart farms. One of the farms is Emili's Innovation Farms. “We really show how they work in a commercial setting and in a sense, act as a risk reducer
as we try out these technologies and then share with others （including other farmers） how they actually work as a means to make it easier to adopt and fully use those new technologies,” said Ms. Keena, managing director of Emili.
It takes time to find out whether new technology has affected a crop, and this can be a barrier to adoption for farmers. Sometimes it's within a year, or within a few years. Ms. Keena said, “We can't ask them to take big risks on integrating new technologies at scale
as part of their operations in things that are unproven.” Innovation Farms addresses a piece of one of the barriers of people needing to be able to see these technologies rolled out in a full-scale and commercial way ahead of being able to adopt them themselves.
Farmers' trust levels are also a barrier. Data are important to AI models, but farmers need to be better inspired to share their data in order to make the technology better. But over time, there's an increase in engagement from farmers.
“Farmer engagement is absolutely critical to developing AI tools for agriculture. If they've seen it demonstrated essentially in their backyard through a smart farm, well, then we're that much further ahead toward adoption.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人工智能对农业的帮助、目前面临的障碍及其前景。
9.What can be learned about AI from paragraph 1 ( )
A.It shortens production cycle. B.It replaces employees.
C.It adds vegetable diversity. D.It changes how farms run.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“artificial intelligence （AI） technology is helping the farm ... pests and diseases”可知，人工智能改变了农场运营的方式，在多个方面助力农场运作。
√
10.Why is AI technology tested at Emili's Innovation Farms ( )
A.To predict its future. B.To confirm its dependability.
C.To expand its market. D.To introduce its advantage.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We really show how they work...fully use those new technologies” 可知，在埃米利创新农场测试人工智能技术是为了确认其可靠性，让其他农民更放心地采用，降低风险。
√
11.What's the key to removing the barriers ( )
A.Bettering AI models. B.Developing more AI tools.
C.Gaining farmers' recognition. D.Enlarging the farm scales.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“this can be a barrier to adoption for farmers” 以及第四段中的“Farmers' trust levels are also a barrier.”可知，要消除这些障碍，关键在于获得农民的认可。
√
12.Which can be a suitable title for the passage ( )
A.AI: A Promoter of Farmers' Life
B.AI: A Driver of Agricultural Development
C.Smart Farms: The Key to Solving Water Scarcity
D.Smart Farms: Replacing Traditional Farming
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了人工智能如何助力农场运营、在创新农场进行测试以确认可靠性以及推广中面临的障碍与解决关键等内容，重点突出了人工智能对农业发展的推动作用。B项最合适作文章标题。
√
Ⅱ.七选五
（2025·保定部分高中期中联考）Tomato plants are adaptable to less-than-optimal conditions, but meeting their preferred conditions yields （出产） the juiciest and most delicious fruit.
Light. 1._______________________________________________In extremely hot conditions, the morning sunlight and afternoon shade are sufficient. Although the plants can grow in mainly shady areas, the production of fruit will be severely limited.
D.In general, tomato plants require the full sun.
解析：根据上文“Light.”以及下文“In extremely hot conditions...will be severely limited.”可知,本段主要说明了番茄的生长需要阳光。D项符合语境。
Soil and water. Tomato plants grow best when they have fertile soil and consistent moisture（水分）. If it rains less than 25.4 millimeters per week, you need to water them yourself. 2.__________________________________________________ Placing much around your tomato plants discourages weeds, maintains soil moisture, and prevents diseases from splashing off the soil onto the leaves when it rains. Aim for a 3- to 4-inch-thick layer of the organic covering, such as straw, chopped leaves or finely shredded wood chips.
E.However, to prevent diseases, avoid wetting the leaves.
解析：根据上文“If it rains less than...water them yourself.”可知,空处应说明自己浇水的注意事项。E项符合语境。
Temperature and humidity. 3._______________________________ Wait until the soil warms in spring before setting out plants. Tomato plants grow well when the temperature is about 25 . Although they love the sun, when the temperature rises above 40 , they will stop growing. Tomatoes like a relatively high humidity level of 65 percent to 85 percent. Levels higher than this range negatively affect the plants.
C.Tomatoes are warm-weather fans.
解析：根据下文“Wait until the soil warms...stop growing.”可知,空处应说明番茄喜欢温暖的天气。C项符合语境。
4._____________ Tomato plants grow best when fertilized at two specific times during the growing season: right after planting and just before the fruit develops. Apply balanced liquid plant food to them.
A.Fertilizer.
解析：根据下文“Tomato plants grow best when fertilized...plant food to them.”可知,本段主要介绍施肥。A项“Fertilizer.”对应下文中的fertilized。
Pruning （打杈）. Tomato plants don't have to be pruned. However, removing any side shoots growing between the main stem and a branch is a good idea. 5. _______________________________
________________________________________
G.They can influence the growth of main branches growing fruit.
解析：根据上文“However, removing any side shoots...is a good idea.”可知,空处应承接上文,说明除去侧枝的原因。G项符合语境。
A.Fertilizer.
B.The planting area.
C.Tomatoes are warm-weather fans.
D.In general, tomato plants require the full sun.
E.However, to prevent diseases, avoid wetting the leaves.
F.To make them grow better, water them as often as you can.
G.They can influence the growth of main branches growing fruit.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了种植番茄的最佳环境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
（2025·宿迁高二期末）The story of Atlantis is one of the 1._______（old） mysteries in the world. But how did the story begin
More than 2,000 years ago, a famous Greek writer Plato wrote a story about a beautiful island in the Atlantic Ocean, 2._______ he called the island of Atlantis. The people there were very rich and 3.__________（success）. However, as they grew richer, they became
oldest
which
successful
selfish and greedy and they started to argue and fight 4.____________ each other and the people from the other islands. Then, one day, as a 5.___________（punish）, a huge earthquake came and great waves covered the island of Atlantis until it disappeared under the sea.
with/against
punishment
For over 2,000 years, everyone thought the island of Atlantis 6._____（be） just a fantastic story until an American politician and writer 7._______（name） Donnelly studied the history of floods and natural disasters from Egypt to Mexico and thought the story was about a real natural disaster. Then, in 8.____ late 1960s, the ruins of an ancient city on the Greek island of Thera were discovered by a Greek historian. When the historian and his team examined the ruins of the ancient city, they found a group of people had lived there
was
named
the
before and the city 9.__________________ （destroy） and buried by a volcanic eruption. So, was Thera truly the island that Plato had described in his books No one knows and the story of Atlantis 10.________（remain） a mystery.
had been destroyed
remains
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。亚特兰蒂斯的故事是世界上最古老的谜团之一，文章对故事的起源和神秘之处进行了介绍。
1._______
oldest
解析：考查形容词最高级。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”为固定用法，空处应用形容词最高级形式。
2._______
which
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，先行词为a beautiful island，指物，应用关系代词which。
3.__________
successful
解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构并根据rich and可知，此处与rich并列，应用形容词作表语。
4.____________
with/against
解析：考查介词。fight with/against意为“和……斗争”，为固定搭配。
5.___________
punishment
解析：考查名词。空处在介词as后,应用名词形式作宾语，空前有不定冠词修饰，应用名词单数形式。
6._____
was
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处是从句的谓语；根据everyone thought可知，应用一般过去时；主语the island of Atlantis为第三人称单数，应用第三人称单数形式was。
7._______
named
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并根据句意可知,name和主语an American politician and writer之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
8.____
the
解析：考查定冠词。“整十年份后+s”表示年代，其前应用定冠词the。
9.__________________
had been destroyed
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词destroy和主语the city之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据语境可知，这座城市被一次火山爆发摧毁并掩埋发生在他们发现之前，应用过去完成时。
10.________
remains
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构并根据No one knows可知，应用一般现在时；且主语the story of Atlantis为第三人称单数,空处应用第三人称单数形式。(共48张PPT)
Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
1
精读课文 语篇理解
2
自查语基 知能落实
3
创意课堂 点面突破
4
课堂微练 即时检验
PART
01
精读课文 语篇理解
&1& 〈教材助读+语基默写〉见分册本
What does the passage mainly talk about ( )
A.Whether plants can talk with each other.
B.The secret between plants and humans.
C.How people can communicate with plants.
D.The ways that plants communicate with each other.
√
1.What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs ( )
A.Marco Polo spent most of his time studying plants.
B.There are some legends about talking trees.
C.In the movie Avatar，trees can save people.
D.New research has revealed that plants appear to be able to communicate.
√
2.How can bean plants communicate ( )
A.Through calling for help.
B.Through driving insects away.
C.Through making special sounds.
D.Through releasing chemicals.
√
3.What can we infer from paragraph 4 ( )
A.All the plants can make noises with their roots.
B.Only chilli plants can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful or unfriendly.
C.When some plants make clicking noises，perhaps they suggest drought is coming.
D.People can't hear the noise created by plants because they can't use sound to communicate with them.
√
4.Where might the passage come from ( )
A.A guidebook. B.A history textbook.
C.A science magazine. D.A newspaper advertisement.
√
1.___ has been believed for a long time that talking plants are fantasy. But new research has revealed that they really can communicate 2._____ each other.
Some plants are believed to communicate with each other through chemicals. When 3.________（attack） by insects, they release tiny amounts of chemicals. This is like a warning or a call for help. When other plants detect 4.____ warnings, they release their own chemicals to drive insects away. Some of the chemicals also attract wasps to kill these insects.
It
with
attacked
the
More 5.___________（surprising）, plants also use sound 6._______________（communicate） with each other though people can't hear the sound. Some plants make noises with their roots. Some plants “listen” to the noises from other plants and tell if their neighbouring plants are 7._______（help） or unfriendly. Some plants make clicking noises, 8.__________（indicate） that drought is coming. Most surprisingly of all, plants can form the “wood wide web” to share information or even food with each other.
surprisingly
to communicate
helpful
indicating
9._________（science） are learning more every day about the secret ways in 10._______ plants communicate with each other.
Scientists
which
PART
02
自查语基 知能落实
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
A.辣椒
B.网络犯罪
C.（古代的）神话
D.真菌的
E.黄蜂
F.杀虫剂，农药
G.真菌
H.陆龟
I.遍及全世界
J.（动植物的）刺，刺毛
K.山羊
L.巨大的，特大的
M.梳状的
1.tortoise n.
答案：H
2.goat n.
答案：K
3.worldwide ad.
答案：I
4.giant adj.
答案：L
5.comb-like adj.
答案：M
6.spine n.
答案：J
7.myth n.
答案：C
8.wasp n.
答案：E
9.pesticide n.
答案：F
10.chilli n.
答案：A
11.fungus n.
答案：G
12.fungal adj.
答案：D
13.cybercrime n.
答案：B
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1.genetic _____________ 遗传特征
2.a rapid ________ 迅速的下降
3.have yourself to _______ 怪你自己
4._________ tribes 原始部落
5.tree ______ 树根
characteristics
decline
blame
primitive
roots
6.a camera _______ to a computer 一台与计算机相连接的摄像机
linked
7.be around 20 ___________ in diameter 直径大约20厘米
centimetres
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1._______ n.传说，传奇（故事）→legendary adj.传说的；非常著名的
2._______ v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）→detection n.发现，察觉；侦查→detective n.侦探
legend
detect
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1.The Amazon rainforest is home to many species of plants and animals that _____________（原产于） South America.
2.Even though the recipe only requires _______________（微量的） salt, it still brings out the full flavor of the dish.
3.People thought the banging and popping could help ___________（驱赶） evil spirits and bring good luck to the new year.
are native to
tiny amounts of
drive away
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.Sb./Sth.+be+过去分词+to do...
Alexander the Great and Marco Polo ________________________（据说曾见过） such a tree in India.（Para.1）
were said to have visited
2.with复合结构
_____________________（我们一直认为） that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.（Para.2）
With us long believing
3.it作形式主语
___________________________________（人们知道……已经有一段时间了） plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.（Para.3）
It has been known for some time that
4.the way作先行词的定语从句
Scientists are learning more every day about ______________________________________________（植物相互交流的秘密方式）.（Para.6）
the secret ways in which plants talk to each other
PART
03
创意课堂 点面突破
1 blame v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n.责备;指责
【经典例句】（教材P）The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
平塔岛象龟的灭绝归咎于人类。
（1）blame sb./sth.for...因……而责备某人/事
blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人
be to blame （for...）（对……）负责；
（因……）应受指责
（2）take/bear/accept the blame for...为……承担责任
lay/put the blame （for sth.） on...（因某事）把责任归咎于……
【单句语法填空/语段写作】
（1）（2024·新高考全国卷 Ⅰ）These days you can see traffic jams around schools at drop-off and pick-up times. But it's hard _________（blame） the parents.
to blame
（2）（北师大选必一U3）Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be _________（blame）.
to blame
（3）当和他人相处时，我们不应该总把错误归咎于他人。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责他人。
When getting along with others，we shouldn't always _____________________________________________________________________________________. So ________________________， we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' shoes.［应用文写作之人际交往］
blame others for mistakes/blame mistakes on others/put/lay the blame for mistakes on others
instead of blaming others
“be to blame for sth.”意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
2 decline vi.减少；下降；衰退 vt.谢绝；婉拒 n.减少;下降;衰落，衰退
【经典例句】（教材P）After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population declined. 特别是当山羊被带上岛后，平塔岛象龟的数量就下降了。
（1）decline by/to... 下降了/到……
（2）decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
（3）be in decline在下降中；在衰退中
on the decline在走下坡路；在衰退/减少中
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1）（译林选必一U3） In fact, the Northern Song Dynasty was ___ decline by this stage. About twenty years after the Qingming Scroll was completed, it was overthrown.
in
（2）She wanted him to go shopping with her, but he declined _______（join）, saying he was too busy or didn't have the time.
to join
（3）The number of tourists to the scenic spot has declined ____ 10% in recent years to only 5 million because of various factors such as economic downturn, changes in travel preferences.
by
（4）非常抱歉拒绝你的盛情邀请，因为我必须去参加一个会议。
_________________________________________， because I have to attend a meeting.
［应用文写作之道歉信］
I'm very sorry to decline your kind invitation
表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。
3 tiny amounts of 微量的
【经典例句】
①（教材P）The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. （受攻击的）植株从正被啃食的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质。
②（译林必修三 U4）Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however,they still faced another problem.
然而，即使有大量的青蒿提取物被制造出来，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。
amount n. 数量，量
v.达到,总计
a huge amount of 大量的
a large/small amount of大/少量的
large/small amounts of 大/少量的
in large amounts大量地
amount to合计；共计；等同于；意味着
【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】
（1）It was estimated that money spent on sports-related items amounted ___ ￡9.75 billion last year.
to
（2）（译林必修三U3）One of the greatest advantages of the Internet lies in the quick and easy access to ___________________________________________________________（大量信息）.
a huge amount of/a large amount of/large amounts of information
（3）俗话说，“懒惰的人在生活中将一事无成。”因此，如果我们想要在生活中取得成功，努力和坚持是很重要的。
As the old saying goes, “Lazy people will not __________________ in life.” So, it's important to work hard and persevere if we want to achieve success in our lives. ［读后续写之主旨升华］
amount to anything
4 link v.把……联系起来；连接 n.联系；关联
【经典例句】（教材P） Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.
最令人惊讶的是，植物之间有一个惊人的交流系统，该交流系统可以把森林里几乎每一株植物联系起来。
（1）link...to/with... 将……和……连接/联系起来
be linked to/with...与……有联系
（2）a link with...与……的联系
a link between...and...……和……之间的联系
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
（1）The new bridge being built now will link the island _______ the mainland, providing a vital transportation connection for the residents.
to/with
（2）Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each _______（link） to a different part of the body.
linked
（3）在中国文化中，红色通常与喜悦和庆祝活动联系在一起，象征着好运和繁荣。
In Chinese culture, ___________________________________________, symbolizing good luck and prosperity.［应用文写作之传统文化］
red is usually linked to/with joy and celebration
与“link...to/with...”类似的表达还有join...to...、connect...to/with...、associate...with...、relate...to...。
5 Sb./Sth.+be+过去分词+to do...
【经典例句】（教材P）Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. 据说，亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵这样的树。
（1）教材原句中“Sb./Sth.be said to do...”句型可转换为“It is said that...”或“People say that...”。该句型中动词不定式有时态和语态的变化：
to do（表示一般情况或动作将要发生）
to be doing（表示动作正在进行）
to have done（表示动作已完成）
to be done（表示被动且动作将要发生）
to have been done（表示被动且动作已
完成）
（2）常用于该句型的过去分词还有thought、believed、suggested、known、reported等。
Sb./Sth. +be +过去分词+
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
（1）The English language is full of idioms which are thought _____________（come） from football.
to have come
（2）（译林必修二 U2）I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang，which are believed ________（form）the unity of opposites.
to form
（3）据说，中国剪纸在中国有着1 500多年的历史，反映了中国人民的传统文化和习俗。
→_____________________________________________________________________ in China, reflecting the traditional culture and customs of the Chinese people.
→___________________________________________________________________ in China, reflecting the traditional culture and customs of the Chinese people.［应用文写作之传统文化］
It is said that Chinese paper-cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years
Chinese paper-cutting is said to have a history of more than 1，500 years
PART
04
课堂微练 即时检验
Ⅰ.品句填词
1.The talented artist has carved an interesting decoration from this piece of tree _____（根）.
root
2.The song originates in a Chinese _______（传说） which tells about an emperor called Wang Di who became a nightingale （夜莺） at last.
legend
3.As a matter of fact， many forms of cancer can be cured if d_______ early.
etected
4.Asia and Europe, being two different areas, are l______ together by mountains and rivers.
5.The younger boy b_______ by his teacher for being late for class felt ashamed and promised to be on time next time.
6.The influence of the newspaper has d________ over the years because of the rise of digital media and changing reader habits.
inked
lamed
eclined
Ⅱ.词块运用
1.The giant panda _______________（原产于中国）is one of the most beloved and endangered species in the world.
2.The Martian atmosphere contains only _____________________（微量的水）, making it a challenge for potential human habitation.
3.The twins seem to be alike ______________（在某些方面）, but they are quite different in terms of their characters.
native to China
tiny amounts of water
in some ways
4.I need to find a way to ________________________________（摆脱这些消极的想法） and focus on the positive aspects of my life.
drive away these negative thoughts
5.At our factory there are a few machines ______________________
_____________（与你公司使用的机器相似）, but with some modifications to suit our production needs.
similar to those used in your company