(共28张PPT)
Developing ideas — writing
Unit 5 Revealing nature
contents
Pre-writing
I
While-writing
II
Homework
Post-writing
III
IV
I
Pre-writing
Turn to P47 to read about how daffodils grow.
Can you tell the name of this kind of flowers
Have you observed the process of daffodils growing
daffodil
(水仙花)
Read the observational journal and answer the questions.
1. How were the daffodil
bulbs planted
2. In what environment
did the leaves grow
3. What do the flowers
look like
Week 1
The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soil, with the pointed ends facing up. Water has been added and the container was put in a cool, dark place. The bulbs are being watered regularly.
1. How were the daffodil bulbs planted
They were planted side by side in soil, with the pointed ends facing up.
Week 3
A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs. On each stem are two leaves, which are long and narrow with a waxy texture. The container has been moved to a sunny, but cool place.
2. In what environment did the leaves grow
The leaves grew in a sunny, but cool place.
Week 6
The stems have grown to around 20 centimetres tall and each has produced a single flower. The flowers are yellow and white, and shaped like trumpets.
3. What do the flowers look like
The flowers are yellow and white, and shaped like trumpets.
Week 1
The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soil, with the pointed ends facing up. Water has been added and the container was put in a cool, dark place. The bulbs are being watered regularly.
the way to plant
specific information in the observational journal
environment
special requirement
Week 3
A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs. On each stem are two leaves, which are long and narrow with a waxy texture. The container has been moved to a sunny, but cool place.
sprout
specific information in the observational journal
environment
shape and texture
Week 6
The stems have grown to around 20 centimetres tall and each has produced a single flower. The flowers are yellow and white, and shaped like trumpets.
height
Specific information in the observational journal
color
shape
Factors of the observational journal
___________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Subject:
Tense:
Voice:
Order:
Structure:
bulbs / water / stem / container / flowers…
past / present perfect / present simple
passive voice
time order
observational journal
Structure of an observational journal
time
environment
what it is like
the way to plant
environment
special requirement
color
height
shape
texture
sprout
II
While-writing
Look at the pictures and talk about how the sunflower grows.
Write your observational journal about the sunflower.
Stage one
germination （使发芽）
cover … with
moist soil
come up
add water
pierce downwards
push to the soil surface
Useful expressions
Stage two
grow downwards
grow hollow and smooth
reveal large spade-shaped leaves
growing tip
reveal the first hints of
become woody
Useful expressions
Stage three
the flower bud
become visible
enlarge and begin to reveal
bloom
Useful expressions
III
Post-writing
Exchange drafts
Use the checklist to give feedback on your partner’s draft.
□ Does the observational journal have clear ideas
□ Does the observational journal have proper layout
□ How is the language
□ How is the handwriting
□ How is the paper design
Revise your draft!
Share your observational journal!
1 June
Covered with 1–2 cm of moist soil, the sunflower seed takes a few days to come up after being planted. Water has been added regularly and the hard seed coat softens
in the damp soil to allow the first root to pierce downwards and the first leaves to push to the soil surface.
Reference text
An observational journal about the sunflower
湿润的土壤
扎根
钻出新芽
6 July
The root continues to grow downwards. The single stem grows hollow and smooth, revealing large spade-shaped leaves from the growing tip. Gradually, the plant’s growing tip reveals the first hints of development of the flower bud. The plant stem becomes more woody.
根扎得深
铲状的大叶子
花骨朵
Reference text
26 July
About three weeks after the flower bud first becomes visible at the tip of the sunflower stem, it enlarges and begins to reveal a flattened disc. Over the course of one week, the yellow ray florets, the disc florets bloom across the core of the sunflower blossom. It is yellow, looking beautiful.
花骨朵初次显现
花骨朵儿变大并长成了……
Reference text
Ⅳ
Homework
Observe how a plant grows in your home and write an observational journal about it.
Thanks(共21张PPT)
Revealing Nature
Biodiversity
Activity 8
1. What species are mentioned and what is special about them
Two species are mentioned:the blue whale and the water bear.
The blue whale is the largest animal species on Earth, which can grow up to almost 30 metres in length and weigh over 130,000 kilos. The water bear is probably the toughest species, which can survive temperatures from 150 C to a below freezing -272 C.
2. What other unusual life forms do you know of
words & expressions
U5
被宣告灭绝
归咎于
处于隔离\隔绝状态
为...而竞争
特别地
blame
blame their extinction ____ humans
= blame humans on their extinction
You are _____ blame.
Why do I always get the blame for everything that goes wrong
Museums must compete __45__ people's spare time and money with other amusement.
(2020山东高考)
words & expressions
U5
对...有害
击退所有的病菌
由...构成
说到这个
是...的家园
对比之下
达到
在长度上
体重超过
等待被探索
biodiversity
species
bacteria
germ
digestion
immune system
organic matter
Activity 9
is home to
are native to
scientific
habitats
ecosystem
appearance
primitive
ancestor
Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.
words & expressions
U5
be renowned for
be native to
carry out
serve as habitats (inhabitant n.)
there is evidence that
因...而闻名
原产于
实施，执行
充当，担当栖息地
有证据表明
The Secret Language of Plants
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Developing ideas
Activity 1
Now talk about what else you think the plants can do and give examples.
Look at the pictures and tick what plants can do.
attack
breathe
eat
sleep
move
speak
steal
think
√
√
√
√
√
Activity 2
What's the genre of the passage
Exposition (说明文)
Create a mind-map of the passage
They may communicate with each other by using chemicals, sound and “wood wide web”.
What's the main point (topic) of the passage
It appears that plants can communicate after all.
1 Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice ________________ （=besides）warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to____________ (visit) such a tree in India. And in some modern stories, such as the movie Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people.
2 _________ us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed ( ) something amazing:_______________ (似乎) plants can communicate after all ( ).
as well as
have visited
With
揭示
it appears that
终究
会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素
长期相信 long adv.
3 It has been known for some time ______ plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say ( ) a bean plant, gets __________(attack) by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals ( ) from the leaves that are ____________(eat). This is like a warning, or a call for help:“I'm ______________ (attack)!”When another bean plant _________(察觉；侦查）the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals __________________ (赶走昆虫). Others attract insects — the wasps! The wasps kill the insects ________ are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.( )
that
比方说
attacked
释放微量的化学物质
being eaten
being attacked
detects
drive insects away
that
杀虫剂
4 More ____________ (surprise), plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli plants do this. They also“listen”to the noises from other plants. A chilli plant can tell ( ) if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, _____________ (indicate) drought is arriving.
surprisingly
知道，判断
indicating
5 Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication _________ can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the“wood wide web” ( ) . It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. ________ (表对比）the Internet is a worldwide network of computers ___________ (link) by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi. This fungal network links the roots of different plants ____ each other.
that
木联网
While
linked
to
5 _________(use) the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food _______ each other. For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of“cybercrime”( ) . Plants can steal food ______each other, or spread poisons ( ) to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a“firewall”to help ____________ (prevent) these attacks within the wood wide web.
Using
with
自己的网络犯罪版本
from
有毒物质
prevent
6 Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways ___________ plants talk to each other. Who knows Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication ________ (be) able to“talk”with them ___________(us).
in which
to be
ourselves
2. from the leaves
3. release its own, different chemicals
4. with their roots
5. tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly
6. clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
7. the roots of different plants to each other
8. share information and even food
9. steal food from each other, or spread poisons
communicate with each other
Think & Share
1 What figure of speech is being used when the plants are described as calling for help What is its function
2 What does “wood wide web” mean
1. Personification. It can make descriptions more vivid.
2. “wood wide web” refers to an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. It is linked underground by fungi and this fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other.
Think & Share
3 What do you think are the benefits of studying plant communication
4 What secrets do the two reading passages in this unit reveal and what do they have in common
3. It will help us know more about the world of plants and then get a better understanding of the secret of nature and encourage us to explore more about the mysterious nature. What’s more, it will teach us an important lesson, that is, human should live in harmony with mother nature. And it is our responsibility to fulfill the mission.
4. Passage 1 reveals the secret of evolution and Passage 2 reveals the secret of communication between plants. They all reflect that there are numerous secrets in nature that are waiting to be explored.
Activity 4
1 Read the passage again and talk about how plants communicate.
2 Think about and discuss the following ways of communication in the animal world. What other ways can you think of
Bees “dance” to signal to other bees that they have found food.
Ants communicate with each other through touch, chemical signals, moving their bodies and even using their legs to make sounds.
3 Organise your ideas following the steps below.
Begin with what living things you have chosen to talk about.
Explain how they communicate and give examples.
Conclude by explaining what we have learnt from their behaviour.
4 Give a talk to the class about communication between living things.
Work in groups.
Now talk about how well you contributed to your group discussion and help each other to make improvements.
感谢观看 谢谢！(共21张PPT)
Understanding ideas
A journey of
Discovery
Who is he
Do you know his famous work
What is it about
Activate your background knowledge!
Charles Darwin and his Theory of Evolution
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was an English geologist and naturalist. In his famous book On the Origin of Species, Darwin proposed the theory that organisms (individual life forms ) evolve extremely slowly. He stated that the organisms that were better suited to their environments would survive and pass on their favourable characteristics to the next generation, while the less suitable organisms would gradually die out. He called this process “natural selection.”
Charles Darwin
1.Do you know the species in the picture
Look at the evolutionary tree and answer the questions.
Paramecium, earthworm, snail,
crab, fish, tortoise,
bird, horse, human, frog, alga, moss,
fern, plant…
Use your biological knowledge!
2 What factors can cause the process of evolution
The ever-changing environment of nature; environmental changes; population immigration; genetic mutation;
cultural preferences...
Use your biological knowledge!
How did Darwin come up with the theory of evolution
Share your information with us
Read the passage (4 min) and talk about your understanding of the title.
Most commonly, people believe that a journey means a trip from one place to another, especially over a long distance and literately a journey refers to the process by which something gradually changes and develops. The title may indicate that Darwin’s research work leading to his discovery of evolution and the origin of species .
choose the main idea of the passage and give your reasons
1. Darwin’s interest in various living things made him a great naturalist.
2. Darwin’s journey on the Beagle inspired his Theory of Evolution.
3. Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.
number the puzzle pieces in order. Organize information from the passage and complete them.
the beginning of his journey
Darwin is a young man who ____________________
Darwin’s adventure on The Beagle has led to __________________
A young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What`s more, his father predicted in his letter that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family.”
Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
Beagle
1. The beginning of the journey
Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals.
Darwin studied:
various living things in their natural environments and samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
He noticed :
that some species of animals were very similar to each other.
2. On his journey
BACKGROUND:
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since.
However, as he studied these, Darwin asked himself the questions:
3. Generate ideas
How did different species come to exist
Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments？
the theory of evolution:
living things, including human _____________________________
4. Propose a theory
evolved from earlier ancestors
On the Galapagos Islands :
He noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.
5. Look for more evidence
It seemed the beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
Rare birds on the islands
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before and it had slowly evolved into many new species.
6. Develop ideas
The theory of Evolution:
living things , including humans had evolved from lower forms of life.
7. Propose a theory
Today , On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
Darwin was a determined man. He had strong curiosity and interests in science and was good at thinking and making discoveries.
1 Why were many people “shocked”by Darwin`s theory
2 What kind of person was Darwin according to the passage
At that time, many people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time and had not changed since, but Darwin’s theory proposed that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life, which, as a result, shocked many people.
Think and Share
Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance 1_____________(study) various living things in their natural environments. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 2______ each other.
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and 3__________________(change) since. But Darwin began to think differently.
When the ship reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835, it 4_______(be) the birds that interested him the most. He suspected that the different 5____________(finch) had evolved from a common ancestor, 6_______ had arrived on the islands a long time before.
直击高考
to study
to
had not changed
was
finches
which
It was a 7____________(complete) new idea---a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. Many people refused to believe that living things, 8___________(include) humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. But Darwin`s scientific studies were so convincing 9_________ more and more people started to believe his theory.
Today , the book is regarded as one of the most important works ever 10_____________(write).
completely
including
that
written
Anti-Darwinian Theory
HOMEWORK:
Write a short report on the anti-Darwinian theory.
① Explain their theory briefly
② The justification of their theory（at least 3 points)
③ Your opinion (Do you agree or not agree)(共17张PPT)
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my schoolbag at home.
Jack
坐下班车吧
！！
Before I got to the bus station, the bus had left.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
a.Before I got to the bus station,the bus had left.
b.By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Observe and say
Look at the sentences and answer the questions.
got to the bus station
the bus had left
got back to school
the bell had rung
Now let’s try to summarise its use in your own words.
Past perfect:
had done
Grammar--Past perfect
语言目标：发现并掌握“过去完成时”的概念、特点及用法。
能力目标：能够熟练利用习题帮助自己巩固语法知识。
思维品质：提高在语境中辨析一般过去时和过去完成时的能力，增加学习英语语法的信心。
教学重点：引导学生观察例句，发现并总结过去完成时的规则。
教学难点：让学生在真实语境中灵活使用过去完成时。
Focus on
基本用法
Past perfect
过去完成时
① 基本结构
② 基本用法
③ 常用固定句型
1. 过去完成时的构成为：
肯定式为__________________；
否定式为__________________；
被动式为__________________。
①I had finished my homework before I had supper.
②John and Jane had not known each other for a long time before they got married.
③The work had been finished by us last Friday.
had done
had not done
had been done
过去完成时的基本用法
1. 表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。(过去的过去)
① Before we got to the train station, the train had already left.
我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。
② Before I could say “thank you”, he had run away.
我还没来得及说谢谢，他就跑开了。
2.用于宾语从句。
主句中 know, realize, think, suppose, guess, find, discover, decide,remember,forget等用于一般过去时，如宾语从句中动作先于主句动作，通常过去完成时。
①We realized that we had lost our way.
我们意识到我们迷路了。
②We didn’t think about asking if she had passed her exam.
我没想过问她是否考试及格了。
③Helen said that she had moved to another flat.
海伦说她已经搬到另一套公寓去了。
3.强调过去动作的完成 by then, by the end of, by the time。
① By the end of last term, we had learnt 2,000 English words.
到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。
②They had lived there for ten years by then.
到那时为止，他们已经在那住了10年了。
1) It/That was+ the first/ second…+ time+ that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。
It was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall.
这是我第一次参观长城。
2) It was+一段时间+since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。
It was three years since he had joined the army.
他参军三年了。
4.过去完成时用于一些固定句型：
3) 在句型Hardly…when…和 No sooner…than…中，主句常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”。
① Hardly had he got into his big office when the telephone rang.
他刚进入他的大办公室,电话铃响了。
② No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.
他刚到就被要求离开。
4) 在句型If only, I’d rather 中，常见过去完成时，表示“要是...就好了”；“宁愿”。
①If only we had listened to their advice.
我们要是听他的建议就好了。
②I’d rather you hadn’t been present.
我宁愿你当时不在场。
1.He ___________(learn) 3000 words before he went to England.
2.The old man told us that he__________ (travel) to many places.
3.It was the third time that he ___________ (see) such a large animal.
4. By the time he got to the airport,the plane ____________(take off)
5.Mary did her homework and_______ (wash) the dishes.
had learned
had travelled
had seen
had taken off
washed
Exercise
过去的过去
宾语从句
It was the first time that
过去动作的完成
过去完成时和一般过去时的区别
1.意义不同
①When I arrived, she left.
②When I arrived, she had left.
(I arrived and then she left)
(She left before I arrived.)
2.起点不同
①He studied there two years ago.
②He said he had studied there three years ago.
(离现在两年)
(离说话时两年)
3.注意
表示过去时态并列的两个或以上的动词，一般用and，then, but 先后顺序连接，一般用一般过去时。
He said he went to the shop and bought some food.
Summary
过去完成时主要用来表示在过去之前发生的事或做的动作，即过去的过去，通常与一般过去时连用。
结构: 肯定：
否定：
肯定被动：
3. 用于过去完成时的基本用法:
had done
had not done
had been done
(1).过去的过去。
(2).用于宾语从句。
(3).强调过去动作的完成。
(4).固定句式
（1）By the end of last year, he ____ (collect)
more than 10 foreign stamps.
（2）He said that great changes （take）
place in his hometown since 1990.
（3）This was the second time that the musician
___________（tour）Europe.
（4）He (work) as a lecturer two years
ago, but now he is a manager.
（5）When the police found him, the criminal
__________ (be) in the cave for nearly a month.
（6）He (hope) to catch the 8:00 bus, but
he found it gone.
had collected
had taken
had toured
worked
had been
had hoped
Exercise
