2025外研新版八上英语讲义学生版（2025年暑假预习参考资料）

EDUCATION
外研初二暑假讲义
Education product introduction is a life-easy product introduction 学生版
based on Internet extension
P R O D U C T I N T R O D U C T I O N
目 录
Lesson1 现在完成时（一） ............................................................................................................................... 1
Lesson2 Unit1 This is me ................................................................................................................................. 8
Lesson3 Unit1 This is me（二） ................................................................................................................... 14
Lesson4 Unit1 This is me（三） ................................................................................................................... 18
Lesson5 现在完成时（二） ............................................................................................................................. 23
Lesson6 Unit2 Getting along（一） ............................................................................................................ 29
Lesson7 Unit2 Getting along（二） ............................................................................................................ 35
Lesson8 Unit2 Getting along（三） ............................................................................................................ 40
Lesson9 非谓语句法功能 ................................................................................................................................. 45
Lesson10 Unit3 Make it happen!（一） .....................................................................................................51
Lesson11 Unit3 Make it happen!（二） .....................................................................................................57
Lesson12 Unit3 Make it happen！（三） .................................................................................................. 62
Lesson13 话题写作点拨 ...................................................................................................................................67
Lesson1 现在完成时（一）
知识点拨
现在完成时的用法一
请观察以下句子，找出共同点。
1、I have seen the film. I do not want to see it again.这部电影我已经看过了，不想再看了。
2、There are many medals in my home. I have ever entered lots of competitions.
在我房间里有很多奖牌。我曾经参加过很多比赛。
3、Have you ever won any prizes before It is important.你以前得过奖吗？这很重要。
4、My aunt has travelled all over the world. She has no travel plans.我姑姑已经周游了世界。她现在没有出行计划。
5、Many people have agreed to help us.许多人都同意帮助我们。
共同点：
一、现在完成时定义（一）
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
一般过去时定义回顾：__________________________________________________________________________________
请在符合现在完成时定义的句子前打勾：
（ ）1、我在报纸上已经看过这个调查结果了。
（ ）2、我的父母曾经去过英国，给我买了很多英式巧克力。
（ ）3、我过去一直很开心。但是现在我有点伤心。
（ ）4、我一小时之前完成了作业并交给了老师。
（ ）5、我早就完成我的课后作业了。
二、现在完成时的谓语结构
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e.g.I have seen the film.
Many people have agreed to help us.
My aunt has travelled all over the world.
当主语为第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数时用_____________；
当主语为第三人称单数时用_____________。
过去分词的规则变化：
①
②
③
④
常见的过去分词的不规则变化：
be-was/ were-been find-found-found 全面总结见课本不规则动词表
do-did-done have-had-had
eat-ate-eaten make-made-made
go-went-gone let-let-let
see-saw-seen put-put-put
即时训练 1
一、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词。
beat become
break accept
choose reply
play drop
make lie
二、单项选择
（ ）1、The famous writer __ one new book in the past year.
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
（ ）2、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they __ what's happened to him.
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
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（ ）3、Tim __ already __ in this school for four years.
A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying
（ ）4、It is a very nice film. I ____it twice.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
（ ）5、——__you __ your homework yet ——Yes. I __ it a moment ago.
A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish
（ ）6、Mr. Green isn't in his office. He __ to the meeting room.
A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been
三、现在完成时句型转换
肯定句结构：
e.g.我们已经周游世界了。We have travelled around the world.
她已经听到了这个消息。
宇航员已经探索过月球了。
我已经花光了所有钱。
否定句结构：
e.g.我们还没有周游过世界。We haven't travelled around the world yet.
科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。
人类尚未在太空中发现任何生命。
她到目前为止还没有完成作业。
一般疑问句结构：
e.g.We have travelled around the world.(变一般疑问句) Have you travelled around the world？
Many people have read the book.(变一般疑问句)
She has already found her bike.(变一般疑问句)
特殊疑问句结构：
e.g.I have read the text twice.（对划线部分进行提问）How many times have you read the text？
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Mom has cooked the dinner for us （对划线部分进行提问）
She has finished her homework.（对划线部分进行提问）
即时训练 2
一、用所给词的正确形式填空。
watch do get finish visit begin
1、I never the Lantau Island before.
2、What you You are so dirty!
3、——Why are you crying ——I a touching film.
4、I an A for so many times.
5、Until now, he his homework.
6、The show in 1997，and has got a lot of fans since its appearance.
二、句型转换
1、Susan's learned English at school.（改为否定句）
2、I've already had dinner.（改为一般疑问句）
3、They have never seen this before.（改为肯定句）
4、Frank got his bike last May.（对划线部分提问）
四、现在完成时部分标志词的用法
仔细观察前面部分句子，我们能够发现，现在完成时常与 just，already，yet 等表示时间的副词连用，在句中作状语。
常见的标志词用法如下表：
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副词 just ever never already yet before
含义
常用句
型
常见位
置
e.g.I have just heard the news. 我刚听到消息。
My aunt has ever been to the UK twice.我姑姑曾经去过英国两次。
I've already had dinner.我早就吃过晚饭了。
Has she found her bike yet？她已经找到自行车了吗？
注意现在完成时定义一的标志词还有表示次数的词：_______________________________________________
五、所学四大时态复盘
时态名称 定义 谓语结构 句型转换
一般现在时
一般过去时
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一般将来时
现在进行时
动词如何变三单？ 动词如何变现在分词？ 动词如何变过去式和过去分词？
时态名称 标志词总结及用法
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
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即时训练 3
一、单选题
（ ）1、Listen! The phone . Please go to answer it.
A. rings B. is ringing C. rang D. will ring
（ ）2、—Have you finished your homework yet — Yes. I it twenty minutes ago.
A. have finished B.finished C.will finish D.had finished
（ ）3、—Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed — Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I for her.
A. waited B. have waited C. am waiting D. was waiting
（ ）4、I heard a new song on the radio. I high and low in the music store, but I can't find the song.
A.search B.have searched C.am searching D.will search
（ ）5、Now my father his bike to work every day instead of driving.
A. ride B. rode C. rides D. will ride
（ ）6、The weather forecast says that another storm tomorrow.
A.there will have B.there will be C.there has D.there has been
（ ）7、—Have you ever been to Shanghai —Yes. I there a few months ago.
A. have been B. went C. have gone D. had gone
（ ）8、—Please turn off the TV.The baby .—OK. I’ll go out for a walk.
A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping D. was sleeping
（ ）9、Tomwas so careless that he his right arm when he was riding to school.
A. hurts B. hurt C. has hurt D. had hurt
（ ）10、They England and they will be back next week.
A. have gone to B. have been to C. have gone in D. has been on
二、句型转换
1、The little boy came out with the watch in his hand.（变为一般疑问句）
2、She doesn't teach Chinese now.（变为肯定句）
3、Tom has already written a letter to the factory.（变为否定句）
4、She arrived there at 9:00 that day.（对划线部分提问）
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Lesson2 Unit1 This is me（一）
知识点拨
五大时态重点复盘
时态名称 定义 谓语结构
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
现在完成时
即时训练 1
句子翻译
1、光速比声速快。
2、火车在高原上穿行。
3、少抽些水吧，不然用不了一百年我就干涸了。
4、我走遍了中国的大好河山。
5、她还没有找到她的自行车。
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踏踏实实背单词
Unit1 Starting out and Understanding ideas p2-p8
1、suppose /s 'p z/ v. 假设,认为 16、paint/pe nt/ v.（给······）涂颜料
常用短语： 17、yet/ jet/ adv.还，尚
2、birthmark /'b θmɑ k/ n. 胎记,胎痣 18、already / l'redi/ adv.已经
3、bright /bra t/ adj.鲜艳的 19、difference / d f r ns/ n.差别, 差异
4、strawberry /'str :b ri/ n 草莓 复数： adj.：
5、secretly /'si kntli/ adv.暗自 常用短语：
adj： n.： 20、hate /he t/ v.讨厌，不喜欢
6、crowded/'kra d d/ adj.挤满人(物)的; 拥挤的 21、successful /s k'sesf l/ adj.有成就的，出人头地的
n.： v.： v.： n.：
常用短语： adj.：
7、disaster /d 'zɑ st / n. 灾难, 灾祸 22、scientific/ sa n't f k/ adj. 科学（上）的
8、therefore /' e f :/ n.因此, 由此, 所以 n.：
9、cover/'k v / v.遮盖 23、wise /wa z/ adj.明智的, 明断的
10、instead / n'sted/ adv.代替…… ; 而不是…… n.：
11、instead of 代替……; 而不是…… 24、perfect /'p f kt/ n.（动词的）完成式
12、although / :l' / conj. 虽然, 尽管 25、underline / nd la m/ v. 在······之下划线
13、bathroom /'bɑ θr m/ n.浴室, 卫生间 26、row /r / n.一排, 一行, 一列
14、quickly /'kw kli/ adv.快速地 27、primary /'pra m ri/ adj.小学教育的，初级教育的
adj.： 28、reach /ri t / v. 伸; 伸手( 以触碰或提起某物)
15、truly /'tru li/ adv.真实地, 确实地 29、height /ha t/ n.身高; 高, 高度
adj.： adj.： adv.：
即时训练 2
1、They whispered in （secretly）to avoid being overheard.
2、The hot pot restaurant is c with plenty of people and there is no place to stay.
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3、The w old man examined the patient carefully and nodded his head sagely.
4、His （high）was a decided advantage in the job.
5、Students are s to wear uniforms at school.
6、Your support will certainly make a （different）in my cause.
7、A the sun was shining ，it wasn't very warm.
8、The scientist s proved this idea through experiments.
一起学课文
Unit1 Starting out and Understanding ideas p2-p8
Starting out
Look at the picture and answer the questions.
1 What do you think of yourself？
2 What do other people think of you？
Make a thinking map about yourself and introduce yourself to others.
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A red，red rose
Understanding ideas
Look at the picture and the title, and answer the questions. Use the words to help you.
1 What does the word"rose" mean
2 What's the girl doing beautiful face hair mirror shape
3 What do you think the girl feels about the"rose" birthmark different
Read the passage and check your answers.
A red，red r se
1 I suppose everyone has something they don't like about themselves. For me, it was the birthmark on my face. It
was bright red, the colour of a strawberry.
2 Sometimes,I felt people secretly looking at my face. But when I turned my head, they looked away. On crowded
buses and trains, it felt just like a disaster. With so many people around me, my birthmark burned red hot.
Therefore, I always kept my hair long to cover it until that day.
3 It was a cloudy morning. A new student named Maddie arrived in our class. She sat right beside me. Instead of
looking away, Maddie studied my face. This made me so nervous. Clouds came through the window and filled my
heart. Suddenly, she said something I would never forget.
4 "Sally, right " she said. "You have a red rose on your face. How beautiful!"
5 I looked up and met her smiling eyes. Although I only replied "thank you", it turned sunny in my heart. When I
got home, I rushed to the bathroom and looked in the mirror. For the first time, I could look at my birthmark
without quickly turning away.The shape of it was truly like a flower. The next day, to my surprise, Maddie painted a
red rose on her own face!
6 I haven't told Maddie yet how she has changed me. I have already learnt that I am what I am. Everyone has
something special and different-that is what's interesting.
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Choose the best summary of the passage.
a Accept your differences. They make you special.
b Share your differences only with your closest friends.
c When you change your differences, you change your life.
Complete the notes with the words and expressions from the passage.
Beginning
·Sally hated the 1 on her face. Middle
4
·She felt people 2 looking at her face. ·To Maddie, it looked like a .
5
·She always tried 3 it with her hair. ·Sally was surprised, and it in her heart.
End ·The next day, Maddie
6 on her own face.
Sally has changed her opinion. Now she thinks everyone is special and 7 n their own way.
Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules.
(a) I haven't toldMaddie yet...
(b) I have already learnt that I am what I am.
Now find one more sentence with these structures in the reading passage.
Write sentences with the present perfect tense.
1 I/ just/ cut my long hair
2 She/ never/ worry about/ her looks
3 I/ just/ paint a beautiful flower/ on my face
4 Chris/ always/ wear/a pair of glasses
5 Jessica/ already/ change her opinion / on her looks
Rewrite the underlined sentences using the present perfect tense.
I was the tallest student in my class. Now, I'm still the tallest. I sat on the last row in primary school. Now at junior
high, I'm still sitting on the last row. People always look at me in surprise. "You must be good at basketball, " my
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classmates at primary school always said that. Now at junior high, my classmates say the same. In fact, I'm not good at
basketball at all. But being tall is not always bad. It makes me easy to recognise, and I can help others reach things
down. I couldn't accept my height, but I learn to do it now. I'm proud of myself.
Work in pairs. Discuss the experience of accepting your looks. Use the words from the reading passage and
the Useful expressions to help you.
Experience of Accepting Yourself
1、Which part of your looks are you not happy with
2、How did you feel about it before
3、How do you feel about it now
4、Why did you change your view of it
5、What can you learn from this experience
即时训练 3
句子翻译
1、她的左肩上有一个胎记，它的形状像一颗红心。
2、这场地震是一场可怕的灾难。
3、我从来没有在乎过自己的容貌。
4、令我惊讶的是，一场大雨过后天气转晴了。
5、我们已经学会了如何解决这个问题。
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Lesson3 Unit1 This is me（二）
情景导读
请仔细分析下面句子或短语的划线部分，它们有什么共同点呢？
1、On crowded trains and buses
2、A cloudy morning
3、Everyone has something they don't like about themselves.
4、She said something I would never forget.
5、Everyone has something special.
6、The boy fromAustralia is very cute.
共同点: __________________________________________________________________________________________
拓展知识点：__________________________________________________________________________________________
思考：以上句子或短语中哪个是定语从句？请总结一下定语从句结构。
定语从句结构：This is the village where I stayed last year.
1、先行词：
2、关系词：
3、先行词与关系词的位置关系：
即时训练 1
选出下列句子中的定语从句，并用（ ）将从句部分标出。
1、The boy who comes from Australia can speak Chinese well.
2、The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
3、They whoare playing football are my friends.
4、Who is the teacher that is talking with Liming
5、I will visit my aunt as soon as the summer holiday begins.
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6、Tom forgets where to go tomorrow.
7、I like apples but my sister likes bananas.
8、David is a fantastic singer that can play different kinds ofmusic.
踏踏实实背单词
Unit1 Developing ideas（Listening and speaking） p9-p11
1、literature /'l t r t / n. 文学; 文学作品 4、character /'k r kt / n.（书、剧本、电影中的）人物，角
2、search /s t / n.寻找; 搜寻 色
3、value/'v lju:/ n.价值 5、wizard /'w z d/ n.男巫
adj.：
即时训练 2
1、She has a （value）collection of stamps.
2、The novel’s main c is a young detective（侦探）who solves mysteries.
3、Thousands were forced to come to urban areas in s of work.
4、She used bright colors to p a beautiful sunset on the canvas.
5、Please u the key points in the text to help you study.
6、I h when people interrupt（打断）me while I’m speaking.
一起学课文
Unit1 Developing ideas（Listening and speaking） p9-p11
Do you know any books of this kind
Many works of literature have described characters in search of
their values. Some good examples are The Wonderful Wizard of
Oz, The Blue Bird and The Adventures of Pinocchio.
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Listen to the radio programme and choose the best summary of the book.
a A story about a girl trying to find her home.
b A story of friendship among unusual people.
c A story about a girl finding her missing friends.
d A story about a girl moving to a new city.
Listen again and complete the notes about the book.
What's the name of the book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
What kind of book is it It's a 1______________ book.
Where does it take place It takes place in the magical Land of Oz.
Who are the main characters The main characters are Dorothy, her 2______________Toto, the Great Wizard
Oz,the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman and the Cowardly Lion.
What happens in the story
A strong wind carries Dorothy and Toto away from home. To get home, she must find a wizard. She
3_____________ three friends along the way. The Scarecrow wants a 4______________, the Woodman wants a
5______________ , and the Lion wants 6______________ . Lots of exciting things happen…
Listen to the conversation and complete the comments.
I really 1____________the exciting story of Dorothy and her friends. But the most interesting
part is: they all want a thing from the wizard, but they find it 2____________. For example, the
Emma Scarecrow thinks he 3____________, but he is. He just doesn't know. He comes up with an idea
to make a boat to 4____________a river. He can always find a way out. Anyway, it’s a great
book about finding our own 5____________.
Ethan We already have the 6____________, and we just need to find them.
Teacher We just need to be 7____________ about ourselves and try.
Listen again. Then talk about how the students comment on the book.
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Work in groups. Introduce and comment on another book about finding a"new me".
The book about finding a"new me" A：What books do you know about finding a"new
·Basic information me"
·Your favourite quote
·Your favourite character B：......is one such book.
·The most unforgettable event/ interesting part C：Can you tell me more about it
·The main idea/ message B：Sure. It tells the story of......
·...
即时训练 3
一、适当形式填空
1、If your phone is frozen，try （do）a restart.
2、I walked into the kitchen and found my sister （eat）my chocolate！
3、The wedding （take）place in a beautiful garden.
4、The strong wind （carry）the kite away from the children.
5、Visiting the ancient ruins was （interesting）part of our trip.
二、句子翻译
1、似乎没有人意识到这个问题的重要性。
2、你昨天借给我的那本书非常有趣。
3、真正的友谊比金钱更宝贵。
4、他离开家是为了寻找一份更好的工作。
5、Alice 需要尽快给父母打电话。
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Lesson4 Unit1 This is me（三）
知识点拨
知识回顾：
1、什么是定语？什么是定语从句？请举例说明
2、现在完成时定义、谓语结构以及所学标志词有什么？
即时训练 1
一、选词填空，用所给单词的正确形式填空。
speak, leave, be, write, eat, read, lose, feel
1、I anything so far. I’m so hungry now.
2、She English at the meeting this afternoon.
3、They those interesting story books yet.
4、The train at 10:10 this morning.
5、—— you ever aboard？ ——Yes，just twice.
6、He his way the day before yesterday.
7、 you a mail to your pen pal yet？
8、I tired yesterday.
二、请写出下列句子中所划线部分在句子中所作的成分。
1、There are many young men who are against him. （ ）
2、I haven't told him yet how he has changed me. （ ）
3、The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. （ ）
4、People always look at me in surprise.（ ）
5、The story about a girl moving to a new city is always popular.（ ）
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踏踏实实背单词
Unit1 Developing ideas p12-p15
1、impossible / m'p s b l/ adj. 不可能发生的;办不到的 11、second / sek nd/ n.秒
反义词： 12、satisfy /'s t sfa / v. 使( 某人)满意
2、nothing/'n θ / pron.没有任何东西; 没有事 adj.：
3、British /'br t / adj. 英国的; 英国人的 n.：
4、actress /' ktr s/ n.女演员 13、risky /'r ski/ adj.有危险的, 有风险的
5、silver/'s lv / adj.银制的, 银质的 n.：
n.： 14、zero / z r / num.零
6、silver screen n. 电影业( 尤指好莱坞) 15、athlete /' θli t/ n. 运动员; 田径运动员
7、doubt /da t/ n. 怀疑 16、Olympics / 'l mp ks/ n. 奥林匹克运动会,奥运会
8、fear /f / n.害怕, 恐惧; 担忧 17、youngster /'j st / n.年轻人
v.： adj.： adj.：
9、succeed /s k si:d/ v. 成功, 达成 18、stick /st k/ v.粘，贴
n.： adj.： adv.： 19、stick to 坚持
10、excellent /'eks l nt/ adj.卓越的; 极好的 20、superman /'su p m n/ n.超人
即时训练 2
1、The a who trains every day improves quickly.
2、She won a s medal in the Olympics.
3、Skydiving（跳伞） is r than bungee jumping（蹦极）.
4、They f the storm would destroy their house.
5、D is the beginning of wisdom.
6、Nothing is （possible）to a willing heart.
7、A （satisfy）life is better than a wealthy one.
8、If you want to be （succeed），you must learn from failures.
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一起学课文
Unit1 Developing ideas——Reading for writing p12-p15
Look at the picture and answer the questions.Use the words and expressions to help you.
1 Do you know the Chinese athlete
fight one's fear try succeed doubt
2What words would you use to describe him
stick to hold back
Read the story and check your answers.
Impossible I’m possible
1 “Nothing is impossible, the word itself says‘I'm possible’.” Audrey Hepburn, the British actress and star of
the silver screen, said this. However, doubts and fears often hold us back. How can we face them and succeed
2 The runner Su Bingtian gives an excellent answer to this question.The young man began his sporting life in
2006. At that time, no one from Asia had ever run the 100 m race in less than 10 seconds. Su trained hard and
quickly became one of the fastest runners in Asia. In 2011, he ran the race in 10.16 seconds.
3However, Su wasn't satisfied. To run in under 10 seconds, in 2014, he changed his starting leg. This was a very
risky decision. He had to start from zero. At first, he was slower than before. Also, he was 25 years old. At such an
age, many runners choose to stop running. People doubted his decision. However, Su fought his fears and became
a sporting hero.
4 In 2015, he clocked 9.99 seconds and made history. In 2021, he finished in 9.83 seconds at the Tokyo Olympics.
He also became the first Chinese athlete to run in the Olympic 100 m final.
5 Su Bingtian has told youngsters,“Never let your age hold you back. Have a try and try harder. I believe you can
write your own story.” Nothing is impossible as long as you try and stick to it. Everyone can be a Su-perman!
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Complete the timeline with the words and expressions from the passage.
2006 He 1 his sporting life. At this time, no one from Asia had ever run the 100 m race in
less than 2 .
2011 He ran the 100 m race in 3 .
2014 He changed his starting leg. He had to start 4 . However, Su 5 and
became a sporting hero.
2015 He clocked 9.99 seconds and 6 .
2021 He finished in 9.83 seconds and became the first to run in the Olympic 100 m final.
Answer the questions.
1 What do you think the title means
2 What do Su Bingtian's words in paragraph 5 mean
3 What does the writer mean by"Everyone can be a Su-perman!"
Write about another successful person.
Step 1 : Search for information about a successful person and plan your passage with the chart.
What challenges the person faced (doubts or fears)
What the person did to overcome the challenges
What the person achieved
Your comments and ideas about this person
Step 2 :Write about the person with the help of the chart.
Step 3
Check. Did you： cover all the information in Step 1
use the words and expressions from the reading passage
give your opinion about the person's efforts and success
Step 4
Share your passage with the class.
第 21 页 共 72 页
即时训练 3
一、适当形式填空
1、It seemed （possible） to finish the project in just one day, but they managed to do it.
2、She was （fear） of the darkness, so she always slept with a nightlight on.
3、Hard work and determination are key factors in achieving （succeed）.
4、The chef smiled with （satisfy）when all the customers praised his new dish.
5、They dreamed of becoming famous （act）and starring in Hollywood movies.
二、句子翻译
1、他的演讲给了我希望。
2、他对餐厅服务不满意。
3、Alice 是我最亲密的朋友之一。
4、医生每天与疾病作战斗。
5、只要我活着，就会记得这一天。
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Lesson5 现在完成时（二）
知识点拨
请分析以下句子，看看有什么相同点或不同点？
1、My aunt has travelled all over the world. She has no travel plans.
2、Mary has been busy since she came back from Shanghai.
3、My father has worked in this shop for 25 years.
4、I have seen the film. I do not want to see it again.
5、The team has won three matches so far this term.
相同点：
不同点：
一、现在完成时定义
定义一：
定义二：
e.g. I have stayed in the hotel for a week now.
I haven’t done much exercise since I got my computer last year.
二、现在完成时谓语结构
过去分词规则变化回顾：
即时训练 1
（ ）1、Jim __ the Great Wall many times.
A. went to B. goes to C. has gone D. has been to
（ ）2、I can't go to see the film tonight because I __ my ticket.
A. didn't lose B. have lost C. will lose D. didn't have
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（ ）3、He __ in with his classmates when he was in Grade 1, so he was very lonely.
A. fit B. didn't fitted C. hasn't fit D. didn't fit
（ ）4、Mr. Green __ back yet.
A. hasn't come B. haven't come C. came D. didn't come
（ ）5、——__to the United States ———No, never, but I __ to Canada a few years ago.
A. Have you been; went B. Have you gone; have been to C. Did you go; went D. Will you go; will go
（ ）6、Mr. Thomson has taught in this school __ .
A. for ten years B. ten years ago C. since ten years D. for ten years ago
（ ）7、Mother __ me a new coat yesterday. I __ it on. It fits me well.
A. had made; have tried B. made; have tried C. has made; tried D. made; tried
（ ）8、——__you __ the text yet —Yes, we __ it two hours ago.
A. Did; copy; did B. Have; copied; have C. Have; copied; did D. Did; copy; had
（ ）9、——__to Hong Kong ——Yes, but only once.
——When __ there ——Two years ago.
A. Did you go; did you go B. Did you go; have you been
C. Have you been; did you go D. Have you been; have you been
三、现在完成时句型转换
1、We have played football for a year now.（变否定句）
2、Have you won any prizes till now （变肯定句）
3、I haven't done much exercise since I graduated from my school.（变肯定句）
4、She has had the dog for three months now.（变一般疑问句）
5、I have been like this since Friday.（对划线部分进行提问）
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四、现在完成时标志词
现在完成时标志词除了just、ever、never、already、yet、before外，从以上例句我们可以看出，在表示行为或状态从过
去发生，一直持续到现在时，还通常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。总结如下：
到目前为止： 在过去的多长时间里：
次数：一次： 两次： 三次及以上：
直到现在： 最近：
多长时间：
+ 一段时间 + ago I have read 20 books since two years ago.
since: + 过去时间点 I have study English since 2008.
+ 句子(时态： ) She has been a nurse since she graduated from college.
特殊句型：It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时态的句子
e.g. It is 10 years since his grandfather died. 他爷爷去世已经有 10 年了。
即时训练 2
hide， fit， move， marry， cause， push， begin， report， beat， rise， realize， continue
1、He the treasure someplace. It is hard for you to find it.
2、The newspaper that a dog in that area had two tails.
3、The concert at seven, but I arrived at a quarter past seven.
4、 you your mistake so far
5、He his classmate into the water by accident when they played together.
6、The price of rice to 5 yuan per kilo in the market recently.
7、This couple two years ago despite their parents' disagreement.
8、Their team the other team and won the championship（锦标赛）.
9、The cold weather of yesterday the plants to die.
10、She has been very happy since her family to the village.
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五、延续性与非延续性动词
在现在完成时态中，die/marry这样的非延续性动词如果要与表示时间段的时间状语连用，需要将非延续性动词转换成
延续性动词。
延续性动词：_____________________________________________________________________________
非延续性动词：_____________________________________________________________________________
自从上周开始我就买了这本书了。I have had the book since last week.
超市已经开门 2 个小时了。________________________________________________________________
我父母结婚已经 20 年了。________________________________________________________________
非延续性动词 词义 延续性动词
buy 买 have
borrow 借入 borrow
leave 离开 be away
start/begin 开始 be on
finish 结束 be over
marry 结婚 be married
open 打开 be open
close 关闭 be closed
fall asleep 入睡 be asleep
即时训练 3
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1、Dad, can I play football now I (clean) up the room.
2、— he (eat) the pizza — Yes, he has.
3、Jim (not read) the funny books. His mother will buy some for him.
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4、They (fall asleep)for so long that it's already dark outside.
5、— you (call) your mum — Yes, I have. I (call) her last night.
6、I (leave) from my hometown for a long time, I really miss it!
7、The film“Ne Zha ” (start) for 10 minutes.
8、— Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol
— Yes. I in Taian for a week last year and reached the top of it twice.
二、按要求完成句子
1、They have travelled to many places.(改为一般疑问句)
2、They have had lunch.(改为否定句)
3、Have they visited the park (作肯定回答)
4、Tim has ever been to America.(对画线部分提问)
5、He visited the Great Wall last month.(用 ever 代替 last month 改写句子)
三、选词填空
develop，communicate， explain，waste， do，offer， fold， throw， take， copy
1、Look! He his clothes. What a good boy!
2、The woman rubbish when she saw a thief break into her neighbor's home.
3、The education quickly in my hometown since then.
4、She care of her sick mother-in-law for two years.
5、An organization support to this family then.
6、Don't interrupt(打扰) them. They with the teacher.
7、The boy his classmate's paper last exam.
8、In her parents' opinion, she time on something wrong frequently.
9、This summer, Betty a research on ants.
10、He the situation to his boss twice.
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单 词闯关 1
1、代替……；而不是…… __________________ 27、n.怀疑 __________________
2、v.遮盖 __________________ 28、n.害怕，恐惧；担忧 __________________
3、v.在······之下画线 __________________ 29、n.超人 __________________
4、v.讨厌，不喜欢 __________________ 30、n.差别，差异 __________________
5、v.使（某人）满意 __________________ 31、n.奥林匹克运动会，奥运会 __________________
6、v.伸；伸手（以触碰或提起某物） __________________ 32、n.人物，角色 __________________
7、v.假设，认为 __________________ 33、n.（动词的）完成式 __________________
8、v.成功，达成 __________________ 34、n. 草莓 __________________
9、v.（给······）涂颜料 __________________ 35、conj.虽然，尽管 __________________
10、stick to 坚持 __________________ 36、adv.真实地，确实地 __________________
11、pron.没有任何东西；没有事 __________________ 37、adv.已经 __________________
12、num.零 __________________ 38、adv.快速地 __________________
13、n.灾难，灾祸 __________________ 39、adv.还，尚 __________________
14、n.运动员；田径运动员 __________________ 40、adv.暗自 __________________
15、n.浴室，卫生间 __________________ 41、adj.卓越的；极好的 __________________
16、n.因此，由此，所以 __________________ 42、adj.有危险的，有风险的 __________________
17、n.一排，一行，一列 __________________ 43、adj.有成就的，出人头地的 __________________
18、n.寻找；搜寻 __________________ 44、adj.英国的；英国人的 __________________
19、n.文学；文学作品 __________________ 45、adj.银制的，银质的 __________________
20、n.胎记，胎痣 __________________ 46、adj.小学教育的，初级教育的 __________________
21、n.身高；高，高度 __________________ 47、adj.鲜艳的 __________________
22、n.女演员 __________________ 48、adj.明智的，明断的 __________________
23、n.年轻人 __________________ 49、adj.挤满人（物）的；拥挤的 __________________
24、n.男巫 __________________ 50、adj.不可能发生的；办不到的 __________________
25、n.秒 __________________ 51、adj. 科学（上）的 __________________
26、n.价值 __________________
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Lesson6 Unit2 Getting along（一）
知识点拨
现在完成时知识点复盘：
定义 谓语结构 标志词总结
即时训练 1
选词填空：用所给词或短语的正确形式填空。（每个词或短语只能用一次）
fall asleep， be asleep， be over， finish， die， be dead， join，begin， keep， get married
1、The old man since 4 years ago but still lives in his children's memory.
2、Four years has passed since the old man .
3、The baby for one hour. Nobody knows when he will wake up.
4、Why are you late The movie for half an hour.
5、He four times but never for more than five years.
6、It has been five years since my aunt the army.
7、The couple after they knew each other for just one week.
8、His teacher punished him because he in the class.
9、The show in 1997, and has got a lot of fans since its appearance.
10、Wait! I my homework yet.
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踏踏实实背单词
Unit2——Starting out and Understanding ideas p18-p24
1、large /lɑ d / adj.巨大的，大的 其他常用汉意： v.：
2、shout / a t/ v. 大声说, 喊叫, 呼喊 15、return /r 't n/ v. 返回, 回来, 回去
3、gate /ge t/ n.(栅栏或围墙上的)大门 16、lively /'la vli/ adj. 充满活力的, 生气勃勃的
4、build /b ld/ v.建造，盖；造 17、theirs / e z/ pron. 他们的, 她们的( 用于指代属于前面
n.： 所提之人的东西)
5、since /s ns/ prep.自从……以来; 自从……之后 18、grade /gre d/ n. 年级
6、nor /n :/ conj. 也不 19、article /'ɑ t k l/ n.( 报刊的 )文章, 论文
7、hole /h l/ n. 洞, 孔, 坑 20、priceless /'pra sl s/ adj. 极其贵重的; 无价的
8、glad /gl d/ adj.高兴的，开心的 n.：
9、knock /n k/ v.碰撞；碰倒，撞倒 21、offer/' f / v.提供，给予
10、knock down 摧毁，拆毁（建筑物或其中一部分） 常用短语：
11、afraid / 'fre d/ adj. 害怕的, 恐惧的 22、plan /pl n/ n.计划
常用短语： 23、quite /kwa t/ adv.很；较为
12、message /'mes d / n.（电影、书籍、讲话等的）要旨， 24、stressed / strest/ adj.焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的
主题思想，寓意 stressful ：
13、double/ d b l/ adj.双倍的，两倍的 n.：
14、introduction / ntr d k n/ n. 开始 25、recently /'ri sntli/ adv. 最近, 近来, 不久前
26、online /' nla n/ adv.从网上，在网上
即时训练 2
1、Many people are a to do public speaking because of stage fright.
2、Compared with my school，the number of students in the school is d .
3、The love and support of family are truly p .
4、When the teacher asked a question, Jack couldn’t help but s out the answer excitedly.
5、The company plans to b a new factory in this area next year.
6、Nowadays, many people prefer to shop o because it’s more convenient.
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一起学课文
Unit2——Starting out and Understanding ideas p18-p24
Starting out
Read the quotes and answer the questions.
Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you. ——Confucius
已所不欲，勿施于人。——孔子
Not everyone thinks the way you think, knows the things you know, believes the things you believe,
nor acts the way you would act. Remember this and you will go a long way in getting along with
people. ——Arthur Forman
We need people, we need the cooperation of others. There is very little we can do alone.
——Earl Nightingale
1 What are the quotes about
2 Which quote do you agree with most Why
Look at the picture and answer the questions.
1 Do you have any problems in getting along with others
2 Can you share one with the class
Understanding ideas
Look at the title and the picture. Then predict what the passage is about. Use the words to help you.
garden selfish play children angry spring
Read the passage. What does the Giant do to his garden
“The Selfish Giant” Oscar Wilde
1 Every afternoon, the children play in the Giant's garden. It is a large garden with soft, green grass. Here and there,
over the grass, stand beautiful flowers, like stars.
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2 The Giant has been away for a long time. One day, he comes back and sees the children in his garden. "What are
you doing here " he shouts in a very angry voice.
3 The children run away. The Giant closes the gate and builds a high wall around the garden. Since then, he hasn't
seen a child there.
4 Then spring comes. But in the Giant's garden, it is still winter. There are no birds or flowers. "I cannot understand
why spring has not come since last year," says the Giant. "I hope the weather changes soon."
5 But spring never comes, nor summer. Autumn gives golden fruit to every other garden. But it gives none to the
Giant's garden.
6 One morning, the Giant suddenly hears birds singing. "I haven't heard that beautiful birdsong for a while. I
believe spring has come at last."The Giant jumps out of bed and looks outside.
7 The Giant sees a hole in the wall. Also, there is a little child in every tree. And the trees are so glad that they have
covered themselves with flowers. The birds fly about and sing with joy. "How selfish I've been!" he says. "Now I
know why spring wouldn't come here."
8 He knocks down the wall. The children look afraid. "Fear not, little ones,
" the Giant says. " It's your garden now."
Adaptation from "The Selfish Giant" by Oscar Wilde
Choose the message of the passage.
a Never make friends with selfish people.
b Anger leads to unhappiness.
c Shared joy is a double joy.
第 32 页 共 72 页
Complete the reading chart with the words and expressions from the passage.
Introduction The Giant has a large 1 and the children 2 in it every afternoon.
The Giant finds the children in his garden. He shouts at them in a very 3 voice. These
Rising action
children run away. Since then, 4 has not come to his garden.
One morning, the Giant hears birds singing. He jumps out of bed and 5 . The
Climax
children return, and the garden is lively again. He thinks he has been 6 .
Ending The Giant 7 the wall and tells 8 the garden is theirs.
Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules.
(a) The Giant has been away for a long time.
(b) Since then, he hasn't seen a child there.
Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage.
Complete the sentences with for or since.
1 We have been friends Grade 3.
2 They have been together three years.
3 last year, we've shared a lot of happy moments.
Complete the news article with for, since and the correct form of the words in brackets.
Most people hope to receive birthday gifts. But Jimmy Teng, or "Uncle
Jimmy", does things differently.
The 74-year-old has sold ice creams 1 the past 17 years in Singapore.
Every year, on 22 March— his birthday— he 2 (offer) free ice
creams. He has done this 3 his 70th birthday.
This year, Uncle Jimmy plans to give away 800 ice creams. "People 4 (be) quite stressed recently and I
want to help, "he said." Sharing has made me feel happy 5 the past four years. "
He 6 (enjoy) talking with his customers. Many of them have become his friends 7 they first
met. Some students helped him set up social media pages. He has made many friends online 8 then.
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Work in pairs. Discuss your experience of sharing. Use the words from the reading passage and the Useful
expressions to help you.
When did it happen
What happened
How did you feel about it
What have you learnt from it
即时训练 3
1、Being (selfish) means caring about others.
2、Debbie (work) here since I (move) here in 1999.
3、Recently, more and more people (realize) that clear waters and green mountains are the same valuable as
mountains of gold and silver.
4、The rules don't allow people （smoke）here.
5、That photo of us laughing together is (price) to me.
6、他在比赛中摔断了腿，从那以后，他就无法跑步了。
7、这个小孩用一个甜美的声音笑了起来。
8、一只兔子从草丛里跳出来逃走了。
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Lesson7 Unit2 Getting along（二）
知识点拨
请仔细分析下面句子中的划线部分，它们有什么共同点呢？
1、I believe you can write your own story.
2、We need the cooperation of others.
3、I cannot understand why spring has not come since last year.
4、To run in under 10 seconds,in 2014, he changed his starting leg.
5、The trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers.
6、Many works of literature have described characters in search of their values.
共同点：___________________________________________________________________________________________
拓展知识点：_______________________________________________________________________________________
思考：以上句子或短语中哪个是宾语从句？请总结一下宾语从句结构。
1、宾语从句结构：__________________________________________________________________________________
特殊宾语从句：主语+be 动词+形容词+宾语从句 （形容词宾语从句）
形容词通常是_____________________________等表心理状态的词。系表结构共同构成谓语。
e.g.I am afraid that I will be late.
2、宾语从句引导词：_____________________________
3、宾语从句时态：
（1）主现从任：当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，按
需要可以使用任意时态。
I hear he (be) back in a few days.
I hear he (come) back a few days ago.
（2）主过从过：当主句谓语是过去时态，从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
He said (that) he (take) care of the baby.
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He said (that) they (having) a meeting at that time.
（3）从句客观当从句叙述某一客观真理(事实) 时，宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth (move) around the sun.
即时训练 1
1、I hope the weather (change) soon.
2、I agree with what you (say)just now.
3、Wu dong said he （be）to Shanghai twice.
4、I don't know if his uncle （come）.
5、—Excuse me,do you know when the bookstore (close) yesterday
—Sure. It closed at 6:00 p.m. yesterday.
踏踏实实背单词
Unit2 Developing ideas（Listening and Speaking） p25-p27
WORD TEST
1、v.提供，给予 _________________ 11、n. 开始 _________________
2、v.碰撞；碰倒，撞倒 _________________ 12、adv.最近，近来，不久前 _________________
3、v.建造，盖；造 _________________ 13、adv.从网上，在网上 _________________
4、v.返回，回来，回去 _________________ 14、adj.双倍的，两倍的 _________________
5、v.大声说，喊叫，呼喊 _________________ 15、adj.巨大的，大的 _________________
6、n.计划 _________________ 16、adj.焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的 _________________
7、n.洞，孔，坑 _________________ 17、adj.极其贵重的；无价的 _________________
8、n.（栅栏或围墙上的）大门 _________________ 18、adj.害怕的，恐惧的 _________________
9、n. 要旨，主题思想，寓意 _________________ 19、adj.高兴的，开心的 _________________
10、n.（报刊的）文章，论文 _________________ 20、adj.充满活力的，生气勃勃的 _________________
本节生词（new words）
personal / p s n l/ adj.个人的，私人的 n.：
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一起学课文
Unit2 Developing ideas（Listening and Speaking） p25-p27
What kind of fear does the girl on the right in the picture have
Many people have some kind of fear. Examples include a fear of heights and a fear of attending social events.It is
often difficult for people to talk about their fears with others. This sometimes influences their personal
relationships.
Listen to the conversation and choose the main idea.
a Three friends are researching the highest roller coaster in the city.
b Three friends are discussing going on a roller coaster at the weekend.
c Three friends are trying to find out the bravest one among them.
Listen again. Complete the students' thoughts about the roller coaster and choose the correct feelings.
The new park is open. The Cloud Coaster sounds 1__________________!
Linda
Learning to learn
Listening for tones
It's the 2__________________ roller coaster in our city, and it can make you The tone of a speaker's
Tom feel like
3__________________ the clouds!Let's 4__________________ voice can tell us how they
feel. For example, when
now. someone says"fine" with a
cheerful tone, it means
they are happy.However,
an uncertain tone might
I guess I'm just 5__________________ ...6Paul __________________ , I'll come. show doubt.
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Listen to the conversation and complete the notes.
Paul's worries Ms Thomson's suggestions
My friends were excited about riding the ·You should probably tell your friends that you' re afraid of
2
roller coaster and I didn't want to _______________ .
1_______________. ·They'll understand you .
·You can't always hide 3_______________ to please others.
What if they never
4 _______________again ·You can still
5_______________together.
·Just 6_______________and explain why.
·True friends will 7_______________ your decision.
Learning to learn
Offering comfort When someone is unhappy, it's important to comfort them. It shows that you understand
how they feel. Helpful expressions include I'm sorry to hear that, That sounds difficult and I see.
Listen again. Then talk about how the teacher offers comfort.
Work in pairs. Choose a situation and act out a conversation.
I'm busy with my homework but my best friend keeps
Situation 1 A ： I have a problem with my
texting me!
friends.
B：It sounds Why not try......
I really want to join the dance club, but all my friends want
Situation 2
me to join the skating club with them. A：I am afraid of......
B：Don't worry. You’ll be fine.
Situation......
Talk about what you have learnt about expressing your thoughts in this section.
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即时训练 2
1、She feared （lose）her job during the economic crisis.
2、The doctor suggested （drink）more water every day.
3、They haven’t decided how they （travel）to Paris next month.
4、She is not sure whether she （pass）the exam.
5、Everyone should keep their （person）information（like ID number and passwords）private to avoid identify
theft.
6、她对做志愿工作很兴奋。
7、不要害怕出错，错误能让你进步。
8、长途徒步后，我感觉自己能睡上好几天！
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Lesson8 Unit2 Getting along（三）
知识点拨
宾语从句引导词的用法
1、that
I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.
He said (that) he missed us very much.
总结 that 用法：
2、whether /if
Ask him whether (if) he can come
I don't know whether it is going to rain or not
总结 whether/if用法：
3、特殊疑问词
He asked who could answer this question .
Do you know whom they are waiting for
总结特殊疑问词用法：
总结能引导宾语从句的特殊疑问词有哪些？分别在句中做什么成分？
疑问代词
疑问副词
即时训练 1
1、He asked handwriting was the best in our class.（填连词）
2、I agree with you said just now.（填连词）
3、I hope I can pass the exam.（填连词）
4、She doesn’t know it will rain tomorrow.（填连词）
5、Tom forgets he will go tomorrow.（填连词）
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踏踏实实背单词
Unit2 Developing ideas(Reading for writing) p28-p31
1、narrow / n r / adj. 狭窄的 10、government / ɡ v m nt/ n.政府
2、lane /le n/ n.……巷( 常用于路名中 ) 11、poem /'p m/ n.诗; 韵文
3、unit /' ju:n t/ n.( 计量用的 )单位 12、inside / n'sa d/ adv. 在( 容器或其他封闭的空间 )里面；
4、perhaps /p 'h ps/ adv. 可能, 大概, 也许 往里面
5、argue /'ɑ gju:/ v. 争论, 争吵 13、neighbour /'ne b / n.邻居, 邻人
n.： 常用短语： 14、act/ kt/ n.行为，行动，动作，举动
6、divide /d 'va d/ v.( 把······ )分开 v.： 同义词：
7、dividing line n. 分界线, 界限 15、deeply /'di pli/ adv. 非常, 很深地
8、agreement / 'gri m nt/ n.( 意见的 )一致,相合 adj.： n.：
v.： 常用短语： 16、pass /pɑ s/ v. 过去, 流逝
9、relative /'rel t v/ n. 家人; 亲戚 17、whenever / wen'ev / conj.每当
即时训练 2
1、A good g should listen to the needs of its people.
2、We finally reached an a after hours of communication.
3、She introduced me to her r who works at the hospital.
4、This ancient Chinese p describes the beauty of nature.
5、Don't a with your boss in front of everyone—wait for a private moment.
6、Time p quickly when you're having fun.
7、A now，or you'll miss the opportunity！
8、It's important to have a good relationship with your n .
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一起学课文
Unit2 Developing ideas(Reading for writing) p28-p31
Look at the picture and answer the questions. Use the words and expressions to help you.
1 What can you see in the picture reach an agreement argue over dividing line
2 What do you think the story is about neighbour give up kindness
Read the story and check your answers.
1 Narrow lanes are very common in China. They are usually about two metres wide, or six chi in traditional
Chinese units. Most of them are nothing special. But Liu Chi Xiang (Six-chi Lane) in Tongcheng, Anhui, is perhaps
the most famous one.
2 Its story started back in the Qing Dynasty. Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued over the dividing
line between their houses.They couldn't reach an agreement.The Zhang family was angry. Their relative, Zhang
Ying, had a position high up in the government. They wrote him a letter, asking for advice.When his reply came,
they opened it to find a poem inside.
but closer
Six chi away,
together
A letter from far away just for a wall Is not right or good at all.
Three chi to your neighbour as a gift Is nothing as time continues to drift.
3 After reading it, the Zhang family felt ashamed. They stepped back three chi for their neighbour. This act deeply
moved the Wu family. In return, they decided to do the same thing. They gave up another three chi. And so came
the six-chi-wide lane between the two houses.
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4 Hundreds of years have passed since then, and the lane is still there. The people of Tongcheng still keep the
poem in mind.Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness.
Answer the questions about the story.
Six chi away，but closer together
Introduction
1 Where is Liu Chi Xiang in the story
2 What's special about it
The problem
3 What did the two families argue about
4 Who did the Zhang family ask for advice
The solution
5 What suggestion did the Zhang family receive
6 What did the Zhang family do then
7 How did the Wu family behave
The influence
8 What do the people of Tongcheng remember as they walk down the lane
Answer the questions.
1 How do you understand "as a gift" and "as time continues to drift" in the poem
2 What rhymes can you find in the poem
3 What's the effect of these rhymes
Write a short story about understanding between people.
Step 1 Organise your ideas by answering the following questions.
1 When does the story happen 2 Where does the story happen 3 Who are the main characters of the
story
4 What problem do the characters face
5 How do the characters solve the problem
6 What does the story teach us about relationships
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Step 2 Write about your story with the help of the chart.
Step 3 Check. Did you: include characters, a setting and events
use the words and expressions from the reading passage
give your opinion about the importance of understanding others
Step 4 Share your story with the class.
即时训练 3
用所给单词的适当形式填空
deep， agree， divide， kind， smoke， reply， neighbor， argue， encourage
1、The man decided to give up for the sake of his health.
2、We need to reach an before the meeting ends.
3、There is a clear line between right and wrong.
4、The noise from the party next door annoyed our .
5、Small acts of can make a big difference in someone’s life.
6、They over small things like who should do the dishes since they got married.
7、The teacher asked a question，but no one dared .
8、When emotions run high，it's wise back and calm down.
9、The roots of the tree grow into the soil.
10、His words of gave me the courage to try again.
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Lesson9 非谓语句法功能
知识点拨
请分析以下句子的划线部分在句子中作什么成分？
1、I want to see the Beijing Opera，so Li Ling offered to take me here.
2、We only planned to watch for an hour.
3、She enjoyed learning about different cultures and traditions from around the world.
4、The book written by J.K. is very popular.
5、He practises every day to improve her singing skills.
一、非谓语定义
__________________________________________________________________________________________
二、非谓语形式
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式，在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等多种成分。
（一）动词不定式句法功能（to do）
不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
1、作主语：动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数。为了避免“头重脚轻”的现象，常用 it 作形式主语，
而将真正的主语放在句末。常用结构为：It +is（not）+adj+(for/of sb.)+to do sth.
e.g. To do the work is not easy for him.= It is not easy for him to do the work.
2、作表语：置于连系动词 be、seem 等之后。表示主语的职责、职业或愿望、责任、义务等，一般可转化为动词不定
式作主语。
e.g. My dream is to work as an astronaut. = To work as an astronaut is my dream.
3、作宾语：
（1）不定式用在及物动词后作宾语,常见的及物动词有 begin, choose, continue,decide, expect, fail, forget, hate,help, hope,
learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan,prefer, pretend,promise,refuse,try, afford, agree, start, like 等。
e.g. I can't afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.
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（2）复合宾语中，find,think 后跟不定式作宾语，后面还有宾语补足语时时,常用 it 作形式宾语代替不定式,而将真正的
宾语放在宾语补足语后面。
e.g. I find it hard to learn English well.
宾补 真正宾语
4、作定语：不定式作定语，要放在所修饰名词或代词之后。不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
e.g. He has a house to live in. （_____________关系）若不定式后动词为不及物，其后介词不可省。
The next person to speak is Mr. Brown.（_____________关系）
5、作状语：表示目的、结果或原因等，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
e.g. To keep healthy，you should take more exercise regularly. （___________________）
Kate is old enough to go to school. （___________________）
I’m sorry to hear that. （___________________）
6、作宾语补足语：
常跟动词不定式后作宾语补足语的动词：tell,ask,want,allow,teach,wish,help,warn,invite,order,advise,get,would
like,encourage 等。结构为：V. + sb. + to do sth.
e.g. Marry told me to wait for her.
7、特殊不定式
（1）不定式与特殊疑问词 what，which，when，where，how 连用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
e.g. When to start hasn't been discussed. （作主语）
I can't decide which one to take. （作宾语）
（2）有些动词后面跟不定式时，动词不定式符号 to 要省略。即四眼（watch，see，notice，look）、两耳（listen，hear）、
一感觉（feel），外加三个小使役（make，let，have）。
e.g. I like to watch them jump and swim.
即时训练 1
1、I hope (find) a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.
2、He found it hard up with (catch ) his classmates.
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3、Father asks me (not play) computer games before finishing my homework.
4、All the children like Mr. White very much because he often makes them (laugh).
5、Let him (have) a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.
6、We have two rooms (live)in, but I can't decide which one (choose).
（二）动名词句法功能（doing）
动词原形+ing 构成，与现在分词形式一样，具有名词性质，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。同时动名词还有动词
的特性，还可以有自己的宾语或状语，从而构成动名词短语。
1、作主语，表示抽象动作，泛指某种行为，谓语动词用单数。有时也可用 it 作形式主语。
Eating too much is bad for your health.
It's interesting playing with children.
2、作表语，表示主语具有抽象名词特性。须注意与现在进行时或过去进行时的区分，动名词作表语时,一般可以转换为
动名词作主语，而现在分词（进行时态）则不可以。
His favourite sport is playing ping-pong.(动名词短语)
Playing ping-pong is his favourite sport.He is playing ping-pong.
3、作定语，相当于形容词。表明它修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。一般置于被修饰词之前。
Bill is in the reading room.
4、作宾语
①常接 v.-ing 作宾语的动词有：keep, mind, enjoy, practice, miss, finish, suggest, imagine, consider 等。
②某些由介词构成的短语，如 be interested in，be proud of，be worth，be used to，feel like，give up， think of，take part
in，look forward to，can't help 等之后也接动名词作宾语。
即时训练 2
1、Before 2018 we will finish (build) the schools.
2、She says she doesn’t feel like (go) out with you.
3、He looked forward to (travel) this summer.
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4、These flowers are worth (water).
（三）分词句法功能（doing/done）
分词分为现在分词(v.-ing)和过去分词(v.-ed)两种。用作形容词或副词，在句中作定语、状语、宾语补足语和表语。现在
分词有主动、进行之意，过去分词有被动、完成之意。
在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已经完成。
a developing country 一个发展中国家
a developed country 一个发达国家
在语态上,现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。 the ruling class 统治阶段 the ruled class 被统治阶段
1、作定语
现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。
e.g. I don't know the boy standing under the tree.
e.g. This is a broken cup. The man called Tom is my brother.
2、作状语
若分词与主语之间为主动关系，则用现在分词(短语)作状语；若分词与主语之间为被动关系，则用过去分词(短语)作状
语。
e.g. Following the old man, we went upstairs.跟着那个老人,我们到了楼上。
Followed by the old man,we went upstairs.被那个老人跟着，我们到了楼上。
3、作宾语补足语
现在分词作宾语补足语，表示与宾语为主动关系；过去分词作宾语补足语，表示与宾语为被动关系。
e.g.We found a boy crying in the corner.
Teenagers should not be allowed to get their ears pierced.
4、作表语
现在分词常修饰物，过去分词常修饰人。也可理解为，现在分词表示主语的性质、特征，过去分词表示某种状态。
e.g. The news was so surprising that everyone felt surprised at it.
The book is interesting. I am interested in English.
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即时训练 3
1、There are many (move) people in the playground.
2、I hear a boy (sing) in the classroom now.
3、The old lady (name) Andy is a robber.
4、Don't keep us (wait) for a long time.
5、The students went out of the classroom， (talk) and (laugh).
6、 （compare）with this computer，that one is much too expensive.
7、One day the rose saw a bird （make）holes and get water from the cactus.
8、I prefer （experience）the failure rather than （give）up my dream.
9、Miss Brown prefers （read）at home to （walk）outside.
10、Mr Smith used to （drive）his car to work，but now he is used to （walk）.
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单 词闯关 2
1、n.（报刊的）文章，论文_____________________ 22、n.（意见的）一致，相合 __________________
2、adj.充满活力的，生气勃勃的 __________________ 23、n.（栅栏或围墙上的）大门 __________________
3、adj.高兴的，开心的 __________________ 24、n.......巷（常用于路名中） __________________
4、adj.个人的，私人的 __________________ 25、n.洞，孔，坑 __________________
5、adj.害怕的，恐惧的 __________________ 26、n.行为，行动，动作，举动 __________________
6、adj.焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的 __________________ 27、n.计划 __________________
7、adj.巨大的，大的 __________________ 28、n.家人；亲戚 __________________
8、adj.双倍的，两倍的 __________________ 29、n.邻居，邻人 __________________
9、adj.狭窄的 __________________ 30、n.年级 __________________
10、adv.从网上，在网上 __________________ 31、n.诗；韵文 __________________
11、adv.非常，很深地 __________________ 32、n.政府 __________________
12、adv.很；较为 __________________ 33、pron.他/她们的......东西 __________________
13、adv.可能，大概，也许 __________________ 34、v.（把······）分开 __________________
14、adv.在...里面；往里面 __________________ 35、v.大声说，喊叫，呼喊 __________________
15、adv.最近，近来，不久前 __________________ 36、v.返回，回来，回去 __________________
16、conj.每当 __________________ 37、v.过去，流逝 __________________
17、n.分界线，界限 __________________ 38、v.建造，盖；造 __________________
18、dj.极其贵重的；无价的 __________________ 39、v.提供，给予 __________________
19、n. 开始 __________________ 40、v.争论，争吵 __________________
20、n. 要旨，主题思想，寓意 __________________ 41 、 摧 毁 ， 拆 毁 （ 建 筑 物 或 其 中 一 部 分 ）
21、n.（计量用的）单位 __________________ __________________
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Lesson10 Unit3 Make it happen!（一）
知识点拨
非谓语句法功能复盘：
定义
动词不定式
非谓语动词
句法功能 动名词
分词
即时训练 1
1、Parents should always tell their kids （not talk）with strangers.
2、—I'm Daisy，not Jessie. —Sorry，I have difficulty （remember）people’s names.
3、—Jack，remember （turn）off the lights when （leave）the home.
—OK，I won't forget，mom.
4、Several Indian tribes（部落）lived in Pennsylvania before Europeans came. The Dutch came first， （follow）
by Sweden.
5、One Thanksgiving, we had lots of food （leave）over.
6、I couldn't believe Jane had done this to me，but I didn't know what （do）at that time.
7、Our school has held many activities （celebrate）the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China.
8、The Siberian Tiger, （know）as the Northeast Tiger in China, is the largest tiger of all.
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踏踏实实背单词
Unit3 Staring out and Understanding ideas p34-p40
1、fair /fe / n.展览会 16、allow/ 'la / v.允许，容许，准许
adj.： adv.： 17、report /r 'p t/ n.新闻报道
2、block /bl k/ n.一块(指木头、石头等有直边的硬物) 18、apply / 'pla / v. 应用, 运用
3、artificial / ɑ t 'f l/ adj.人造的, 人工的 n.：
4、condition /k n'd n/ n.健康情况 19、blind /bla nd/ adj.盲的，失明的
5、cost/k st/v. 价格为, 需支付(某一数量的钱) 20、machine /m ' i n/ n.机器
6、lend / lend/ v. 帮助(某人)做事(尤指需要体力的事)；(给 21、warn/w n/ v. 警告, 告诫; 提醒
某人)搭把手 常用汉意： 22、object/' bd kt/ n.物体
7、3-D / θri:' di:/ adj.三维的, 立体的(three-dimensional) 23、sense /sens/ v.检测并记录
8、printer /'pr nt / n.(与计算机连接的)打印机 24、nearby /'n ba / adv.附近
v.： 25、congratulation /k n gr t le n/ n. 恭喜,祝贺
9、invent / n'vent/ v.发明，创造 v.：
10、brain /bre n/ n. 脑, 大脑 26、advertisement / d'v t sm nt/ n. 广告; 启事
11、weigh/we / v.重, 重量是…… 27、everyday /'evride / adj.日常的; 平常的; 每天的
n.： everyday 与 every day 区别：
12、kilogram /'k l gr m/ n. 千克, 公斤 28、trouble /'tr b l/ v. 使忧虑, 使苦恼
13、fix /f ks/ v. 解决(问题) 29、creative / kri'e t v/ adj.（人）有创造力的
14、invention / n'ven n/ n. 发明(物)(如机器、工具、仪器 v.：
等) v.： 30、imaginative / 'm d n t v/ adj.富有想象力的；创新的
15、download / da n'l d/ v. 下载(信息或程序 )
即时训练 2
1、The company spent a lot of money on a to promote their new product.
2、The movie is too large to d quickly with a slow internet connection.
3、The update will f the software（软件）bugs.
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4、The coffeem in the office is broken.
5、She always l a helping hand to those in need.
6、The girl w herself every morning to record her fitness progress.
一起学课文
Unit3 Staring out and Understanding ideas p34-p40
Starting out
Look at the picture and answer the questions.
1 What differences between the lives of ancient people
and ours do you know
2 What caused these differences
Look at the picture and answer the questions.
1 What are these inventions
2 How have they changed our lives
Understanding ideas
Look at the word cloud and predict. What’s the passage about
Read the passage and check your answer.
A helping hand
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1 Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student, stood beside his work at a science fair. It was a robotic arm. He
built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line.
2 “Hello,” said a girl with an artificial arm, as she shook hands with Easton's work.
3 This was the first time Easton met Jenny, a girl with a special condition. She was born without an arm. Her
artificial arm was just a simple hook, but it cost $80,000. What's worse, children like her grow quickly and
need new arms all the time.
4 "It blew me away! I built my arm for only $300," thought Easton. "I must lend a hand to people like her."
5 After the fair, Easton's room became a lab. He stayed there all day. He always tried to improve his work. For
his 16th birthday, Easton got a 3-D printer. And with it, he invented an artificial arm. It was able to move with
brain signals of the user. But it wasn't good enough yet: the arm weighed 3.6 kilograms. It was too heavy for a
child.
6 Easton kept working on it. He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. And finally he hit on success at age
23. His design only weighed 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500!
7 Easton's invention has helped many children. He didn't want to make money from it. He decided to post his
design online... for free! People can download the design and make an artificial arm with their own 3-D
printers!
8 What a helping hand!
Order the following events in the passage.
_______ Easton made a robot arm with blocks and fishing line.
_______Easton allowed people to use his design for free.
_______ Easton and Jenny met at a science fair.
_______Easton made an artificial arm with a 3-D printer.
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Complete the chart with the words and expressions from the passage.
How did Easton come up with the idea
Where: At a(n) 1 _________________
Who: Jenny, a girl born 2_________________
Problem to solve: Jenny's artificial arm cost $80,000. But children like her
3_________________, so they always need new arms.
What are Easton's inventions
Age 14: A robot arm. It was made from plastic blocks and 4 _________________.
Age 16: An artificial arm. It could 5_____________ with brain signals, but weighed 3.6 kilograms.
Age 23: Another artificial arm. It 6___