【期末专项培优】动词词义辨析(含答案与解析)-2024-2025学年外研社版(2019)英语高二下册

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名称 【期末专项培优】动词词义辨析(含答案与解析)-2024-2025学年外研社版(2019)英语高二下册
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更新时间 2025-05-20 13:41:26

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期末专项培优 动词词义辨析
一.单词拼写(共15小题)
1.The government is urging Japan's firms to    (合作)with foreigners.
2.They had to     (忍受)unbearable pain on their own because even the doctor couldn't get close to them.
3.The number of new students    (减少) from 210 to 160.
4.I hope everyone can    (勇敢地面对困难) and have a bright future.
5.I'm greatly honored to be here to    (为…的机会而竞争) to be a volunteer and offer service to the American guests.
6.The cellphones,computers,the Internet,credit cards,airplanes,subways and so on    (给我们带来现代生活) which makes us much more comfortable and relaxed.
7.Soldiers are expected to     (遵守) orders without questioning them.
8.All in all,the Internet gives us a platform to gain knowledge and contact others.We   (受益匪浅) from the Internet.
9.The course aims to     (使有知识和技能) people with the skills necessary for a job in this technological age.
10.(2024春 信宜市期中)We are grown﹣ups now;we can't    (依靠) our parents for support.
11.We must encourage the planting of new trees and    (保护,保存)our existing woodlands.
12.My calculation was wrong because I     (忽视)one tiny point.
13.The movie helped     (促进) her screen career.
14.(2020秋 崂山区校级期中)As Francis Bacon once said, " Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be     (咀嚼) and digested."
15.Parents,of course,will     (尽他们所能)to defend their children from harm.
参考答案与试题解析
一.单词拼写(共15小题)
1.The government is urging Japan's firms to  cooperate (合作)with foreigners.
【答案】cooperate
【分析】政府敦促日本公司与外国人合作。
【解答】根据括号内词义,"合作"可译为cooperate。分析句子,urge sb.to do sth.敦促某人做某事;催促某人做某事。设空处应用动词原形。
故填:cooperate。
【点评】做这类题型,首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写,再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
2.They had to  endure  (忍受)unbearable pain on their own because even the doctor couldn't get close to them.
【答案】endure
【分析】他们不得不独自忍受难以忍受的疼痛,因为连医生都无法接近他们。
【解答】根据括号内词义,"忍受"可译为endure,不定式符号to后接动词原形。
故填:endure。
【点评】考查翻译填空,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性,正确写出单词完成句子,使句意更通顺。
3.The number of new students was reduced  (减少) from 210 to 160.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】新生人数从210人减少到160人.
【解答】答案:was reduced.意和给出的汉语提示可知这里使用动词"减少"reduce,number和reduce是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态.
【点评】本题考查翻译填空,根据句意和给出的汉语提示判断需要的单词和形式.
4.I hope everyone can face the difficulties bravely  (勇敢地面对困难) and have a bright future.
【答案】face the difficulties bravely
【分析】我希望每个人能勇敢地面对困难,有一个光明的未来。
【解答】答案:face the difficulties bravely.face the difficulties bravely勇敢地面对困难,情态动词can后接动词原形。故填:face the difficulties bravely.
【点评】考查翻译填空,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性,正确写出单词完成句子,使句意更通顺。
5.I'm greatly honored to be here to compete for the opportunity  (为…的机会而竞争) to be a volunteer and offer service to the American guests.
【答案】compete for the opportunity
【分析】我非常荣幸能在这里竞争成为一名志愿者的机会,并为美国客人提供服务。
【解答】答案:compete for the opportunity.根据所给的汉语提示"为…的机会而竞争"和空前的不定式符号to可知,此处动词应用原形,"为…的机会而竞争"的英语是compete for the opportunity,故填compete for the opportunity.
【点评】翻译填空要在理解句子的结构和含义的基础上根据汉语意思选择恰当的词、短语或句型;同时注意所选词的形式变化。
6.The cellphones,computers,the Internet,credit cards,airplanes,subways and so on have brought us a modern life  (给我们带来现代生活) which makes us much more comfortable and relaxed.
【答案】have brought us a modern life.
【分析】手机、电脑、互联网、信用卡、飞机、地铁等带给我们现代生活。这让我们更加舒适和放松。
【解答】答案:have brought us a modern life.根据题意,手机、电脑、互联网、信用卡、飞机、地铁等带给我们现代生活。这让我们更加舒适和放松。bring为动词,意为:带来;a modern life意为:现代化的生活。故填have brought us a modern life.
【点评】考查翻译填空,准确地理解句子,翻译句子,然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词的词性,正确写出单词完成句子,使句意更畅通。
7.Soldiers are expected to  obey  (遵守) orders without questioning them.
【答案】obey
【分析】士兵们必须服从命令。
【解答】根据括号内词义,"遵守"可译为obey,动词不定式to obey作主语补足语。
故填:obey。
【点评】做这类题型,首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写,再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
8.All in all,the Internet gives us a platform to gain knowledge and contact others.We benefit a lot (受益匪浅) from the Internet.
【答案】benefit a lot.
【分析】总之,互联网为我们提供了一个获取知识和联系他人的平台。我们从互联网中受益匪浅。
【解答】答案:benefit a lot.根据题意,总之,互联网为我们提供了一个获取知识和联系他人的平台。我们从互联网中受益匪浅。本题用一般现在时态。we做主语,谓语动词用复数,即原形。古铜benefit.a lot意为:很多,许多。故填benefit a lot.
【点评】考查翻译填空,准确地理解句子,翻译句子,然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词的词性,正确写出单词完成句子,使句意更畅通。
9.The course aims to  equip  (使有知识和技能) people with the skills necessary for a job in this technological age.
【答案】equip
【分析】该课程旨在使人们在这个技术时代具备工作所需的技能。
【解答】根据括号内词义,"使有知识和技能"可译为equip,不定式符号to后接动词原形。
故填:equip。
【点评】考查翻译填空,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性,正确写出单词完成句子,使句意更通顺。
10.(2024春 信宜市期中)We are grown﹣ups now;we can't  rely on (依靠) our parents for support.
【答案】rely on
【分析】我们现在是成年人了;我们不能依靠父母的支持。
【解答】根据所给的汉语提示"依靠"和空前的情态动词can可知,此处动词应用原形,"依靠"的英语是rely on。
故填:rely on。
【点评】翻译填空要在理解句子的结构和含义的基础上根据汉语意思选择恰当的词、短语或句型;同时注意所选词的形式变化。
11.We must encourage the planting of new trees and  preserve (保护,保存)our existing woodlands.
【答案】preserve
【分析】我们必须鼓励种植新树,保护现有的林地。
【解答】根据括号内词义,"保护,保存"可译为preserve,和encourage是并列谓语,在must后接动词原形。
故填:preserve。
【点评】考查翻译填空,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性,正确写出单词完成句子,使句意更通顺。
12.My calculation was wrong because I  overlooked  (忽视)one tiny point.
【答案】overlooked
【分析】我的计算错了,因为我忽略了一个小点。
【解答】根据括号内词义,"忽视"可译为overlook,动词,时态与was保持一致。
故填:overlooked。
【点评】做这类题型,首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写,再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
13.The movie helped  boost  (促进) her screen career.
【答案】boost
【分析】那部电影有助于她的银幕生涯的发展。
【解答】根据括号内词义,"促进"可译为boost,helped后接不带to的动词不定式,即动词原形。
故填:boost。
【点评】考查翻译填空,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性,正确写出单词完成句子,使句意更通顺。
14.(2020秋 崂山区校级期中)As Francis Bacon once said, " Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be  chewed  (咀嚼) and digested."
【答案】chewed
【分析】正如弗朗西斯 培根所说,"有些书需要品尝,有些书需要吞咽,有些书需要咀嚼和消化。"
【解答】根据括号内词义,"咀嚼"可译为chew。分析句子,and 连接并列成分,结合digested和句意,设空处应用动词的过去分词。
故填:chewed。
【点评】做这类题型,首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写,再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
15.Parents,of course,will  do everything they could  (尽他们所能)to defend their children from harm.
【答案】do everything they could
【分析】父母当然会尽其所能来保护他们的孩子免受伤害。
【解答】根据括号内词义,"尽他们所能"可译为do everything they could,助动词will后接动词原形,they could (do)是定语从句修饰先行词everything,因其前有do,从句中do要省略。
故填:do everything they could。
【点评】考查翻译填空,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性,正确写出单词完成句子,使句意更通顺。
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