【期末专项培优】语法填空（含答案与解析）-2024-2025学年外研社版（2019）英语高二下册
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| 名称 | 【期末专项培优】语法填空（含答案与解析）-2024-2025学年外研社版（2019）英语高二下册 |  | |
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期末专项培优 语法填空
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．（2019秋 会昌县期中）On Sunday，a bus in Chongqing fell into the Yangtze River， （1） left 15 people dead．The accident （2） （cause） by a fight between an angry passenger and the bus driver．
A woman passenger failed（3） （get） off at the right bus stop．She asked the driver to stop the bus and let her get off，but the driver refused．A quarrel then occurred，with both sides using unkind （4） （word）．Five minutes later，she struck the driver on the head with her smartphone，and the driver fought back with his right hand．Within two seconds，the driver took back his hand．However，he （5） （lose） control of the bus before he realized it．The bus hit a red car，and fell into the river．
（6） is very basic common sense that the lives and safety of the whole bus depend upon the driver，but the woman attacked the driver because of her own fault．On （7） other hand，the driver didn't stay calm．As a driver （8） （responsibility） for the whole bus，he should have stopped the bus by the roadside to ensure safety while under attack．It was（9） （extreme） reckless（鲁莽的） to fight back．
I wonder why none of the passengers took action to stop the fight． （10） any one of the passengers had stepped forward bravely，the tragedy might have been prevented．
2．Over the past few years，anxiety has become more and more common among teenagers，especially high school students.
It seems to me that as the National College Entrance Examination approaches，students（1） （face） with difficulties and failures at school often feel overwhelmed.They can't solve their problems and are unable to adjust to the changing environment.Some even have physical （2） （symptom） such as headaches，stomachaches and so on.These anxieties increase the risk of depression.
Parental behavior is certainly another reason （3） contributes to children's anxiety.Parents should encourage their children and be their friends.However，the fact is that the majority of parents pay too much attention （4） children's school performance.They would rather shout at their children than try to find out （5） they are doing badly at school. （6） （consequent），students become less and less confident and unwilling to communicate with anyone.Pressure can't （7） （avoid） in life.Those who succeed manage （8） （turn） pressure into motivation.First，as senior high school students，we should set suitable goals and depend on our abilities.Second，we should regard difficulties as（9） （value） experience.
Learn to comfort yourself with the thought that humans' intelligence （10） （vary） from person to person.Physical and mental health is more important than exam marks.
3．（2019 新课标Ⅰ）The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland．While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence（1） they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada．It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been（2） （poor） studied；however，biologists calculate that there are about 20，000﹣25，000 polar bears worldwide．
Modern methods（3） tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid﹣1980s，and are expensive（4） （perform） consistently over a large area．In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut（5） （report） increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a（6） （believe） that populations are increasing．Scientists have responded by （7） （note） that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集） around human settlements，leading to the illusion（错觉） that populations are（8） （high） than they actually are．Of（9） nineteen recognized polar bear sub populations，three are declining，six（10） （be） stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data．
4．（2022 湖南模拟）The world's insects now face extinction.More than 40% of insect species are declining and a third（1） （be）at risk of extinction.The rate of extinction is eight times faster than that of mammals and birds.The total mass of insects is falling by 2.5% a year，（2） （suggest） they could disappear within a century，according to the first global scientific review.
The planet is at the start of a sixth mass extinction in its history，with huge losses already（3） （report） in larger animals that are（4） （easy） to study.But insects are by far the most varied and abundant animals.They are essential for the proper functioning of all ecosystems.
The analysis says modern agriculture is the main driver of the declines，（5） （particular） the heavy use of pesticides（农药）.（6） we change our ways of producing food，insects as a whole will go down the path of extinction in a few decades.
"If insect species losses cannot be slopped，there will be disastrous consequences for both the（7） （planet） ecosystems and for the survival of mankind." said Francisco Sanchcz﹣Bayo，at the University of Sydney，（8） wrote the review.
One of（9） biggest impacts of insect loss is on the many birds，reptiles（爬行动物）and fish that cat insects. "If this food source is taken away，all these animals will starve to（10） （die），" he said.
5．（2018 新课标Ⅱ）Diets have changed in China﹣and so too has its top crop．Since 2011，the country （1） （grow）more corn than rice．Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over （2） past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent．
A taste for meat is（3） （actual） behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle．Another reason for corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice （4） （improve） water quality．Corn uses less water（5） rice and creates less fertilizer（化肥） runoff．This switch has decreased （6） （pollute） in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people．
According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total（7） （globe）fertilizer consumption．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005﹣when the government （8） （start） a soil﹣testing program（9） gives specific fertilizer recommendation to farmers ﹣ and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons．That prevented the emission（排放） of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide．China's approach to protecting its environment while （10） （feed） its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，" says the bank's Juergen Voegele．
6．（1） （tradition），only men have filled professional drivers in Saudi Arabia（沙特阿拉伯）.And the majority of professional drivers are from poor（2） （country）like India，Pakistan and Bangladesh.Until recently，many Saudi men refused （3） （do） the job because they believed the work to be below their social station.
Saudi Arabia was the last country in the world to stop women from（4） （drive）.And，women still must get permission from a male relative before they can drive，get a job or passport，and travel outside（5） country.
For many women（6） sign up to become drivers，the job provides another earnings source and greater financial （7） （independent）.
The government provides jobs for about 70 percent of Saudis.However，with filling oil profits，the government cannot provide the growing number of Saudis entering the workforce（8） enough jobs.
2，000 women have registered as drivers since September，when officials （9） （announce） they would cancel the ban.The international car service company，Uber，said over 100 Saudi women had expressed interest in employment as drivers.
In recent years，thousands of young Saudi men （10） （sign） up also.More than 150，000 registered with Uber.About 170，000 signed up with Careem.But 80 percent of Uber's customers are women；for Careem that percentage is 70.
7．
Mascots for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games（残奥会）
A red lantern baby （1） （call）"Shuey Rhon Rhon'"and（2） energetic giant panda named "Bing Dwen Dwen"have been uncovered as the two mascots for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games.The mascots，known to people on Tuesday night at Beijing's Shougang Ice Hockey Arena， （3） （connect）with the host nation's culture.
Beijing 2022 executive president Chen Jining explained the idea （4） （clear）behind the design of the two mascots at the launch ceremony. "The two mascots put elements of traditional Chinese culture together （5） a modern international style.They show the Chinese people's eager expectations for the Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games，and China's warm invitation to friends from all over the world，"said Chen， （6） is also the mayor of Beijing.
"They are designed（7） （express）all the aspects of the Olympic spirit，including （8） （wonder）characteristics such as passion，perseverance，friendship and common understanding to actively engage the public.
The name "Bing DwenDwen"is a combination of several meanings in the Chinese language，with "Bing' the Chinese word for"ice"，and"Dwen Dwen" meaning （9） （strong）and liveliness.In the name"Shuey Rhon Rhon'"，"Shuey"is the Chinese word for"snow"and"Rhon Rhon'" （10） （have）the meaning of tolerance（宽容）.
8．Mr.Watson lived with his family in the woods.He owned a farm，which looked almost（1） （desert）.Fortunately，he also had a cow producing milk every day.He exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby（2） other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what（3） （leave）.The cow was their only means of support，in fact.One day，the cow was eating grass（4） it began to rain heavily.While（5） （make） great efforts to run away，she fell off the hill and died.Then the Watsons had to make（6） living without the cow.In order to support his family，Mr.Watson began to plant herbs and（7） （vegetable）.Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees（8） （sell）the wood.Thinking about his children's clothes，he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around，he sold what he planted in the market where people from the towns met （9） （regular）.Now it occurred to（10） （he） that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
9．（2021秋 天心区校级期末）The Youth Olympic Games are the youth version of the Olympic Games.Young athletes（1） （age）between 15 and 18 compete in a wide range of sports.The（2） （major）of these sports are identical to those at the Olympics but other sports，such as wushu，（3） （add） too.The Youth Olympic Games give talented teenagers a chance（4） （connect）with fellow athletes from diverse backgrounds.The focus is （5） building bridges between different cultures，so there are competitions （6） （feature）mixed teams，such as mixed swimming relays.In these competitions，both male and female athletes，sometimes of different nationalities，play side by side.
The first Youth Olympic Games （7） （hold）in Singapore in 2010，and China ranked first in the medal table with 30 gold medals.In 2014，Nanjing had（8） honour of hosting the second Summer Youth Olympic Games.This was another great success and China （9） （top） the medal table again.
People across the world applaud athletes（10） try hard to achieve sporting excellence.
10．（2020秋 武汉月考）Like many，Dean once viewed surfing as a lifestyle，not a sport.He came to it several years（1） earning his graduate degree and going to work at a clinic."As I surfed more frequently，" he says，"I started to think about it （2） （different）﹣what do I need to do to catch more waves（3） make more turns？"
Dean's clinical background was the key factor（4） led him to begin reconsidering those ideas.When his son started catching waves with friends，he asked（5） （many） questions：Why don't surfers train the way football players do？He（6） （assess） the boys' movements on the water and developed conditioning plans involving unstable surfaces.He reviewed hours of video footage，（7） （focus） on how their techniques could be improved.
Dean opened a surf club in 2010.Over the（8） （year）he has trained Simpson，a US Open championship （9） （win），and other stars."My whole goal，" Dean says， "（10） （be） to get top surfers to do what lots of major sports are already doing."
11．Shawn Cheshire is a blind cyclist who competed in the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro，Brazil.She lost her ability （1） （see）after an accident nine years ago.She has tried to become as（2） （depend）as possible in the last few years.
She said that，（3） a long time，she was in a really dark place and hated being blind.She said that sports and physical exercise gave （4） （she）another opportunity at living.
Earlier this month，Cheshire crossed 68 kilometers of steep and uneven ground in the Grand Canyon（大峡谷）.She did so in 24 hours and 15 minutes，（5） is believed to be a record for a blind hiker（徒步旅行者）.The （6） （early）record of 28 hours（7） （set）in 2014.
Three friends helped her during the Grand Canyon hike.They walked several steps apart.They guided and warned her of （8） （barrier）.She listened for and followed the sound of a bell（9） （wear）by the lead hiker.She used hiking poles for balance.
Cheshire and her friends finished the hike on October 8，2018.She said as the group neared（10） end of the trip，"I had a huge ball of emotion welled up in my chest﹣I cannot believe we just did that."
12．When we think about the value of exercise，we tend to focus on the physical benefits.But over the past decade，social scientists（1） （discover）more benefits of regular exercise：its impact（2） the way we think.Studies indicate that putting regular exercise into your routine（3） improve concentration and memory and help lower stress.
There is also evidence（4） （suggest）that exercise during regular work hours may improve performance.Within the study，（5） （research）had over 200 employees at a variety of companies self﹣report their performance on a daily basis.They found that（6） employees visited the gym，their experience at work changed.（7） reported managing their time more effectively，being more productive，and getting on well with their colleagues.（8） ，many of us can't take exercise regularly.The reason is that we don't have the time.But let's be clear：（9） we really mean when we say we don't have time for an activity is that we don't consider it a priority.Instead of viewing exercise as something we do for ourselves，it's time we（10） （start）considering physical activity as part of the work itself.
13．Sports should help a man to learn fairness，not only in games but also in life.If two teams play （1） game，one team must lose.If a dozen （2） （team） attend an athletic competition，one team will get the most points and all the （3） eleven teams will get fewer points.If a school team comes out last，that is no loss of face. （4） that team and that school must do is to admit that it（5） （lose）．The only intelligent reaction （6） defeat must be：next year we will do our best to come out on top，because from now on we will devote（7） （our） to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.
Lessons （8） （learn） in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.But even more（9） （value） are the lessons learned in extra﹣curricular activities in school：in speech，dramatic and musical contests，in "house" activities，and，（10） （especial），in the student council.
14．（2021秋 顺德区校级期中）People call Wilma Rudolph "the Black Pearl"， "the Black Gazelle" and "the fastest woman in the world".In 1960，she became the first American woman（1） （win） three gold medals in the Olympics.She was（2） extraordinary American athlete.She also did a lot to help young athletes（3） （success）.
Wilma Rudolph was born（4） a very large，poor，African﹣American family.She was the（5） （twenty） of twenty﹣two children.She was born too early and only （6） （weigh） two kilograms.She had many （7） （illness） when she was very young，（8） （include）pneumonia（肺炎） and scarlet fever（猩红热）.She also had polio（小儿麻痹症），（9） damaged her left leg.When she was six years old，she began to wear metal leg braces because she could not use that leg.With her family's attention and care， （10） （fortunate），by the time she was nine years old，she no longer needed her leg braces.
15．（2019春 越秀区校级期中）Last weekend our school held a sports meeting.（1） （Realize） it was our last high school sports meeting， we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all us.
We first attended the opening parade， for（2） our class had made many（3） （prepare）.（4） our excitement， our parade performance was a great success. After the parade， the games started. My classmates attended（5） （vary） events such as running， high jump and long jump. Due to the hard training they（6） （do） before， their performances were very（7） （impress）. On the stand，my classmates applauded and cheered for the athletes， some raising their cameras to capture the exciting moments. Finally， the result（8） （announce）. It was amazing that our class won（9） second place. Our efforts paid off! Cup in hand， we took a picture together.
I believe this sports meeting will remain a precious memory for all of us（10） time goes by.
期末专项培优 语法填空
参考答案与试题解析
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．（2019秋 会昌县期中）On Sunday，a bus in Chongqing fell into the Yangtze River， （1） which left 15 people dead．The accident （2） was caused （cause） by a fight between an angry passenger and the bus driver．
A woman passenger failed（3） to get （get） off at the right bus stop．She asked the driver to stop the bus and let her get off，but the driver refused．A quarrel then occurred，with both sides using unkind （4） words （word）．Five minutes later，she struck the driver on the head with her smartphone，and the driver fought back with his right hand．Within two seconds，the driver took back his hand．However，he （5） had lost （lose） control of the bus before he realized it．The bus hit a red car，and fell into the river．
（6） It is very basic common sense that the lives and safety of the whole bus depend upon the driver，but the woman attacked the driver because of her own fault．On （7） the other hand，the driver didn't stay calm．As a driver （8） responsible （responsibility） for the whole bus，he should have stopped the bus by the roadside to ensure safety while under attack．It was（9） extremely （extreme） reckless（鲁莽的） to fight back．
I wonder why none of the passengers took action to stop the fight． （10） If any one of the passengers had stepped forward bravely，the tragedy might have been prevented．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文主要讲的是重庆公交车坠江事故的过程及原因．
【解答】1．which．考查定语从句引导词．这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话的意思，且从句缺少主语，因此用关系代词which．
2．was caused．考查语态．主语the accident与cause之间是被动关系，且叙述的是过去的事情，因此要用一般过去式的被动语态．
3．to get．考查不定式．此处表示"一位女乘客未能在正确的公共汽车站下车"，fail to do sth．意为"没能做某事"．
4．words．考查名词单复数．此处表示"双方都用不友好的话"，word作为名词"话语"讲时是可数名词，结合语境可知这里要用复数形式．
5．had lost．考查时态．句意：然而，他还没意识到公共汽车已经失控了，lose发生在realize之前，结合语境及句意可知这里表示过去的过去，因此要用过去完成时．
6．It．考查it用法．句意：整个公共汽车的生命和安全都取决于司机，这是一个非常基本的常识，但那个女人却因为自己的过错袭击了司机，通过分析可知此处用it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语．
7．the．考查冠词及固定短语．此处表示"另一方面，司机没有保持冷静"，on the other hand意为"另一方面"．
8．responsible．考查形容词．此处表示"作为一个负责整个巴士的司机"，此处用形容词短语作定语修饰a driver．
9．extremely．考查副词．此处用副词修饰形容词 reckless．
10．If．考查连词．结合语境可知此处表示"如果任何一位乘客勇敢地挺身而出，悲剧就可能被阻止了．"，由此可知这里表示条件关系，因此填if．
【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答．扎实的语法功底加上准确的理解是解答语法填空题的关键．
2．Over the past few years，anxiety has become more and more common among teenagers，especially high school students.
It seems to me that as the National College Entrance Examination approaches，students（1） faced （face） with difficulties and failures at school often feel overwhelmed.They can't solve their problems and are unable to adjust to the changing environment.Some even have physical （2） symptoms （symptom） such as headaches，stomachaches and so on.These anxieties increase the risk of depression.
Parental behavior is certainly another reason （3） that/which contributes to children's anxiety.Parents should encourage their children and be their friends.However，the fact is that the majority of parents pay too much attention （4） to children's school performance.They would rather shout at their children than try to find out （5） why they are doing badly at school. （6） Consequently （consequent），students become less and less confident and unwilling to communicate with anyone.Pressure can't （7） be avoided （avoid） in life.Those who succeed manage （8） to turn （turn） pressure into motivation.First，as senior high school students，we should set suitable goals and depend on our abilities.Second，we should regard difficulties as（9） valuable （value） experience.
Learn to comfort yourself with the thought that humans' intelligence （10） varies （vary） from person to person.Physical and mental health is more important than exam marks.
【答案】（1）faced（2）symptoms（3）that/which（4）to（5）why（6）Consequently（7）be avoided（8）to turn（9）valuable（10）varies
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在过去的几年里，焦虑在青少年中变得越来越普遍，作者分析了焦虑产生的原因以及应对焦虑的方法。
【解答】（1）faced.考查过去分词。句意：在我看来，随着高考的临近，学生在学校遇到困难和失败时，常常感到不知所措。固定短语be faced with意为"面对"，本句中设空处为非谓语动词，且此处主语students与face构成被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填faced.
（2）symptoms.考查名词的单复数。句意：有些人甚至有身体症状，如头痛、胃疼等等。symptom"症状"为可数名词，前面无不定冠词修饰，应用复数形式symptoms，故填symptoms.
（3）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：父母的行为无疑是导致孩子焦虑的另一个原因。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词another reason，且关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导，故填that或which.
（4）to.考查固定短语。句意：然而，事实是，大多数家长太关注孩子们的学校表现。pay attention to意为"关注"，固定短语。故填to.
（5）why.考查宾语从句。句意：他们宁愿对孩子们大喊大叫，也不愿试着弄清孩子们在学校表现不好的原因。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，表示"为什么"，故填why.
（6）Consequently.考查副词。句意：因此，学生们变得越来越不自信，不愿意与任何人交流。空格后加了逗号，此处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词Consequently.因在句首，首字母应大写，故填Consequently.
（7）be avoided.考查动词的语态。句意：生活中压力是不可避免的。本句中主语Pressure与avoid构成被动关系，应用被动语态，且can't后跟动词原形，故填be avoided.
（8）to turn.考查不定式。句意：那些成功的人设法将压力变成了动力。manage to do sth.表示"设法做成某事"，故填to turn.
（9）valuable.考查形容词。句意：第二，我们应该把困难看作宝贵的经验。experience为名词，应用形容词valuable修饰，表示"宝贵的"，故填valuable.
（10）varies.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：学会用人的智力因人而异的想法安慰自己。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句主语为humans' intelligence"人的智力"，不可数名词，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填varies.
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性、时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容，答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
3．（2019 新课标Ⅰ）The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland．While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence（1） that they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada．It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been（2） poorly （poor） studied；however，biologists calculate that there are about 20，000﹣25，000 polar bears worldwide．
Modern methods（3） of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid﹣1980s，and are expensive（4） to perform （perform） consistently over a large area．In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut（5） have reported （report） increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a（6） belief （believe） that populations are increasing．Scientists have responded by （7） noting （note） that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集） around human settlements，leading to the illusion（错觉） that populations are（8） higher （high） than they actually are．Of（9） the nineteen recognized polar bear sub populations，three are declining，six（10） are （be） stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】从20世纪80年代中期开始，人们才开始使用现代的方法保护北极熊种群，生物学家计算出全世界大约有20000﹣25000只北极熊．北极熊的数量正在下降．
【解答】1．that．考查同位语从句．本句是同位语从句，后文句子是对名词evidence的解释和说明，从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用that引导．故填that．
2．poorly．考查副词．此处用副词修饰动词study，poorly是副词"贫乏地"，所以填poorly．
3．of/for．考查介词．追踪北极熊的方法，应该用methods of 或者for表达，所以填of或者for．
4．to perform．考查不定式．be +形容词+动词不定式是英语的固定句型，其中动词不定式做主语补足语．所以填to perform．
5．have reported．考查时态．根据时间状语 In recent years 在近几年来，可见与现在完成时连用，故填have reported
6．belief．考查名词．此处是用名词做宾语，根据句意：使人相信北极熊的数目在增加．belief是名词"相信"，所以填belief．
7．noting．考查非谓语．介词by后跟动名词，note是动词，所以填noting．
8．higher．考查比较级．根据比较级的句型than的前边必须用形容词的比较级，所以填higher．
9．the．考查定冠词．此处为特指，"19个已知的北极熊亚种群"，所以填the．
10．are．考查主谓一致．six做主语是指六个熊群，所以谓语动词用复数形式，故填are．
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力．解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容．答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境．
4．（2022 湖南模拟）The world's insects now face extinction.More than 40% of insect species are declining and a third（1） are （be）at risk of extinction.The rate of extinction is eight times faster than that of mammals and birds.The total mass of insects is falling by 2.5% a year，（2） suggesting （suggest） they could disappear within a century，according to the first global scientific review.
The planet is at the start of a sixth mass extinction in its history，with huge losses already（3） reported （report） in larger animals that are（4） easier （easy） to study.But insects are by far the most varied and abundant animals.They are essential for the proper functioning of all ecosystems.
The analysis says modern agriculture is the main driver of the declines，（5） particularly （particular） the heavy use of pesticides（农药）.（6） Unless we change our ways of producing food，insects as a whole will go down the path of extinction in a few decades.
"If insect species losses cannot be slopped，there will be disastrous consequences for both the（7） planet's （planet） ecosystems and for the survival of mankind." said Francisco Sanchcz﹣Bayo，at the University of Sydney，（8） who wrote the review.
One of（9） the biggest impacts of insect loss is on the many birds，reptiles（爬行动物）and fish that cat insects. "If this food source is taken away，all these animals will starve to（10） death （die），" he said.
【答案】（1）are（2）suggesting（3）reported（4）easier（5）particularly（6）Unless（7）planet's（8）who（9）the（10）death
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了超过40%的昆虫种类正在减少，三分之一有灭绝的危险。
【解答】（1）are.考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：超过40%的昆虫种类正在减少，三分之一有灭绝的危险。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为a third of insect species，谓语动词用复数形式，故填are。
（2）suggesting.考查现在分词。句意：根据第一次全球科学评论，昆虫的总质量每年下降2.5%，表明它们可能在一个世纪内消失。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，前面一件事与suggest之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填suggesting。
（3）reported.考查过去分词。句意：地球正处于其历史上第六次大灭绝的开始，据报道，更容易研究的大型动物已经出现了巨大的灭绝。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，宾语huge losses与report之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，故填reported。
（4）easier.考查比较级。句意：地球正处于其历史上第六次大灭绝的开始，据报道，更容易研究的大型动物已经出现了巨大的灭绝。结合句意可知，此处表示"更容易"，故用比较级，故填easier。
（5）particularly.考查副词。句意：该分析称，现代农业是这种下降的主要驱动力，尤其是杀虫剂的大量使用。分析句子可知，此处用副词作状语修饰句子，故填particularly。
（6）Unless.考查条件状语从句。句意：除非我们改变生产食物的方式，否则昆虫作为一个整体将在几十年内走向灭绝。unless表示"除非"，引导条件状语从句，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Unless。
（7）planet's.考查名词所有格。句意：如果昆虫物种的损失不能得到缓解，将对地球的生态系统和人类的生存造成灾难性的后果。分析句子可知，此处用名词所有格作定语修饰名词ecosystems，故填planet's。
（8）who.考查定语从句。句意：悉尼大学的Francisco Sanchcz Bayo说，他写了这篇评论。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Francisco Sanchcz﹣Bayo，在从句中作主语，故填who。
（9）the.考查冠词。句意：昆虫损失的最大影响之一是对许多鸟类、爬行动物和鱼类造成的影响。此处用定冠词修饰最高级biggest，故填the。
（10）death.考查不可数名词。句意：如果食物来源被拿走，所有这些动物都会饿死。starve to death表示"饿死"符合句意，故填death。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
5．（2018 新课标Ⅱ）Diets have changed in China﹣and so too has its top crop．Since 2011，the country （1） has grown （grow）more corn than rice．Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over （2） the past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent．
A taste for meat is（3） actually （actual） behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle．Another reason for corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice （4） to improve （improve） water quality．Corn uses less water（5） than rice and creates less fertilizer（化肥） runoff．This switch has decreased （6） pollution （pollute） in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people．
According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total（7） global （globe）fertilizer consumption．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005﹣when the government （8） started （start） a soil﹣testing program（9） that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendation to farmers ﹣ and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons．That prevented the emission（排放） of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide．China's approach to protecting its environment while （10） feeding （feed） its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，" says the bank's Juergen Voegele．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文讲述中国的饮食习惯发生了变化，中国的主要作物也发生了变化．人们对肉类的偏好导致中国种植的玉米比水稻多．玉米的一个重要部分被用来喂鸡、猪和牛．玉米比水稻耗水量更少，肥料的流失也更少．这一转变减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全．中国在保护环境的同时，也为全球的农业和食品政策制定者提供了有益的教训．
【解答】1．has grown，考查时态，since 2011 和现在完成时态连用．
2．the，考查冠词，特指用定冠词the，此处特指过去的25年．
3．actually，考查副词，修饰句子用副词．
4．to improve，考查不定式，作目的状语用不定式．
5．than，考查固定搭配，前面有比较级less，所以用than进行比较．
6．pollution，考查名词，作宾语，所以用名词，pollution，为不可数名词，无复数．
7．global，考查形容词，修饰名词用形容词．
8．started，考查时态，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态．
9．that/which，考查定语从句，先行词为program，在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导．
10．feeding，考查现在分词，句子主语和feed之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语．
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识．
6．（1） Traditionally （tradition），only men have filled professional drivers in Saudi Arabia（沙特阿拉伯）.And the majority of professional drivers are from poor（2） countries （country）like India，Pakistan and Bangladesh.Until recently，many Saudi men refused （3） to do （do） the job because they believed the work to be below their social station.
Saudi Arabia was the last country in the world to stop women from（4） driving （drive）.And，women still must get permission from a male relative before they can drive，get a job or passport，and travel outside（5） the country.
For many women（6） who/that sign up to become drivers，the job provides another earnings source and greater financial （7） independence （independent）.
The government provides jobs for about 70 percent of Saudis.However，with filling oil profits，the government cannot provide the growing number of Saudis entering the workforce（8） with enough jobs.
2，000 women have registered as drivers since September，when officials （9） announced （announce） they would cancel the ban.The international car service company，Uber，said over 100 Saudi women had expressed interest in employment as drivers.
In recent years，thousands of young Saudi men （10） have signed （sign） up also.More than 150，000 registered with Uber.About 170，000 signed up with Careem.But 80 percent of Uber's customers are women；for Careem that percentage is 70.
【答案】（1）Traditionally（2）countries（3）to do（4）driving（5）the（6）who/that（7）independence（8）with（9）announced（10）have signed
【分析】本文为说明文，随着沙特阿拉伯一项禁令的解除，现在沙特妇女有了新的就业机会：职业司机。对于许多女性来说，这份工作提供了另一个收入来源和更大的经济独立。自9月份官方宣布将取消这一禁令以来，已有2000名女性登记成为司机。
【解答】（1）Traditionally.考查副词。句意：在沙特阿拉伯，传统上只有男性担任职业司机。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰句子，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Traditionally。
（2）countries.考查名词。句意：大多数职业司机来自印度、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国等贫穷国家。country为可数名词，根据后文中的like India，Pakistan and Bangladesh可知此处应用复数，故填countries。
（3）to do.考查动词不定式。句意：直到最近，许多沙特男性拒绝做这项工作，因为他们认为这项工作低于他们的社会地位。根据短语refuse to do sth.表示"拒绝做某事"，后跟动词不定式作宾语，故填to do。
（4）driving.考查动名词。句意：沙特阿拉伯是世界上最后一个禁止女性开车的国家。根据短语stop sb.from doing意为"禁止某人做"符合句意，故填driving。
（5）the.考查冠词。句意：而且，女性在开车、获得工作或护照以及出国旅行之前，仍然必须获得男性亲属的许可。此处是特指沙特阿拉伯这个国家应用定冠词，故填the。
（6）who/that.考查定语从句。句意：对于许多注册成为司机的女性来说，这份工作提供了另一种收入来源和更大的财务独立性。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为women，在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
（7）independence.考查名词。句意：对于许多注册成为司机的女性来说，这份工作提供了另一种收入来源和更大的财务独立性。分析句子可知，此处作动词provides的宾语，名词作宾语，故填independence。
（8）with.考查介词。句意：然而，随着石油利润的增加，政府无法为越来越多的沙特人提供足够的就业机会。根据短语provide sb.with sth.表示"向某人提供某物"，故填with。
（9）announced.考查动词时态。句意：自9月份官方宣布将取消禁令以来，已有2000名女性登记成为司机。分析句子可知，when引导的是定语从句，修饰September，可知从句应用一般过去时，故填announced。
（10）have signed.考查动词时态。句意：近年来，数千名沙特年轻男子也加入了这一行列。时间状语为In recent years，句子用现在完成时，主语thousands of young Saudi men 为复数形式，故填have signed。
【点评】解答此类题目应先浏览全文，概括大意，再根据句子间的提示以及括号内的汉语提示或首字母提示，依据语法规则和行为逻辑来推测并填写合适的词语。
7．
Mascots for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games（残奥会）
A red lantern baby （1） called （call）"Shuey Rhon Rhon'"and（2） an energetic giant panda named "Bing Dwen Dwen"have been uncovered as the two mascots for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games.The mascots，known to people on Tuesday night at Beijing's Shougang Ice Hockey Arena， （3） are connected （connect）with the host nation's culture.
Beijing 2022 executive president Chen Jining explained the idea （4） clearly （clear）behind the design of the two mascots at the launch ceremony. "The two mascots put elements of traditional Chinese culture together （5） with a modern international style.They show the Chinese people's eager expectations for the Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games，and China's warm invitation to friends from all over the world，"said Chen， （6） who is also the mayor of Beijing.
"They are designed（7） to express （express）all the aspects of the Olympic spirit，including （8） wonderful （wonder）characteristics such as passion，perseverance，friendship and common understanding to actively engage the public.
The name "Bing DwenDwen"is a combination of several meanings in the Chinese language，with "Bing' the Chinese word for"ice"，and"Dwen Dwen" meaning （9） strength （strong）and liveliness.In the name"Shuey Rhon Rhon'"，"Shuey"is the Chinese word for"snow"and"Rhon Rhon'" （10） has （have）the meaning of tolerance（宽容）.
【答案】（1）called（2）an（3）are connected（4）clearly（5）with（6）who（7）to express（8）wonderful（9）strength（10）has
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了2022年北京冬奥会和残奥会的吉祥物。
【解答】（1）called.考查过去分词。句意：2022年北京冬奥会和残奥会的吉祥物是一只名叫"雪容融"的红灯笼宝宝和一只名叫"冰墩墩"的精力充沛的大熊猫。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，baby与call之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填called。
（2）an.考查冠词。句意：2022年北京冬奥会和残奥会的吉祥物是一只名叫"雪容融"的红灯笼宝宝和一只名叫"冰墩墩"的精力充沛的大熊猫。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，energetic为元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
（3）are connected.考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：周二晚上，人们在北京首钢冰球馆认识了这些吉祥物，它们与主办国的文化有关。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语The mascots为复数形式，与connect之间是被动关系，故填are connected。
（4）clearly.考查副词。句意：北京2022奥运会执行主席陈济宁在启动仪式上明确解释了这两个吉祥物设计背后的理念。此处用副词作状语修饰动词explained，故填clearly。
（5）with.考查介词。句意：这两个吉祥物将中国传统文化元素与现代国际风格结合在一起。together with表示"和...一起"符合句意，故填with。
（6）who.考查定语从句。句意：同时也是北京市长的陈说。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chen，在从句中作主语，故填who。
（7）to express.考查动词不定式。句意：它们旨在表达奥林匹克精神的各个方面，包括热情、毅力、友谊和共识等精彩特征，以积极吸引公众。此处用动词不定式表目的，故填to express。
（8）wonderful.考查形容词。句意：它们旨在表达奥林匹克精神的各个方面，包括热情、毅力、友谊和共识等精彩特征，以积极吸引公众。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词characteristics，故填wonderful。
（9）strength.考查不可数名词。句意："冰墩墩"这个名字在汉语中是多种含义的组合，"Bing"是汉语中"冰"的意思，"Dwen Dwen"表示力量和活力。结合句意可知，此处用不可数名词与liveliness并列作meaning的宾语，表示"力量"，故填strength。
（10）has.考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：在"雪容融"的名字中，"Shuey"是汉语中"雪"的意思，"Rhon Rhon"具有宽容的含义。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为"Rhon Rhon"，谓语动词用三单形式，故填has。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
8．Mr.Watson lived with his family in the woods.He owned a farm，which looked almost（1） deserted （desert）.Fortunately，he also had a cow producing milk every day.He exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby（2） for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what（3） was left （leave）.The cow was their only means of support，in fact.One day，the cow was eating grass（4） when it began to rain heavily.While（5） making （make） great efforts to run away，she fell off the hill and died.Then the Watsons had to make（6） a living without the cow.In order to support his family，Mr.Watson began to plant herbs and（7） vegetables （vegetable）.Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees（8） to sell （sell）the wood.Thinking about his children's clothes，he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around，he sold what he planted in the market where people from the towns met （9） regularly （regular）.Now it occurred to（10） him （he） that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【答案】（1）deserted（2）for（3）was left（4）when（5）making（6）a（7）vegetables（8）to sell（9）regularly（10）him
【分析】本文属于记叙文，讲述了Watson赖以为生的奶牛摔死以后，他努力开发自己的农场潜力得以生活下去的事情。
【解答】（1）deserted.考查形容词。句意：他拥有一个农场，看上去几乎荒无人烟。look"看起来"，为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，故填deserted．
（2）for.考查介词。句意：他在附近的城镇上把一些牛奶换成其他食物，用剩下的牛奶给家里做奶酪和黄油。根据句意和前面的exchange可知，此处考查短语exchange…for…"用…交换…"，故填for.
（3）was left.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他在附近的城镇上把一些牛奶换成其他食物，用剩下的牛奶给家里做奶酪和黄油。根据文章时态可知，应用一般过去时，主语为what，谓语动词应用单数，和leave之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，故填was left.
（4）when.考查连词。句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，突然下起了大雨。sb was doing sth when…"某人正在做某事，突然……"，固定句型，故填when．
（5）making.考查省略句。句意：当她努力逃跑时，她从山上摔下来，死了。当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且主要动词是be的某种形式的时候，可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略，这里省略了while后面的she was，故填making.
（6）a.考查冠词。句意：后来Watsons夫妇不得不在没有奶牛的情况下谋生。make a living"谋生"，固定短语，故填a.
（7）vegetables.考查名词。句意：为了养家糊口，Watson先生开始种植草药和蔬菜。vegetable"蔬菜"，可数名词，根据语境及and前的herbs可知，应用复数，故填vegetables.
（8）to sell.考查不定式。句意：由于这些植物生长需要花费一段时间，他开始砍伐树木来卖木材。此处是动词不定式做目的状语，表示他砍树来卖木材谋生，故填to sell.
（9）regularly.考查副词。句意：到了收获的季节，他把他种的东西拿到人们定期去的镇上的集市上去卖。修饰动词met应用副词，故填regularly.
（10）him.考查代词。句意：现在他突然想到，他的农场有很大的潜力，奶牛的死也算是一件幸运的事。It occurred to sb that…"某人突然想到……"，固定句式，介词to后为宾语，要用宾格，故填him.
【点评】语法填空题考查学生的语言综合运用能力。解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
9．（2021秋 天心区校级期末）The Youth Olympic Games are the youth version of the Olympic Games.Young athletes（1） aged （age）between 15 and 18 compete in a wide range of sports.The（2） majority （major）of these sports are identical to those at the Olympics but other sports，such as wushu，（3） have been added （add） too.The Youth Olympic Games give talented teenagers a chance（4） to connect （connect）with fellow athletes from diverse backgrounds.The focus is （5） on building bridges between different cultures，so there are competitions （6） featuring （feature）mixed teams，such as mixed swimming relays.In these competitions，both male and female athletes，sometimes of different nationalities，play side by side.
The first Youth Olympic Games （7） were held （hold）in Singapore in 2010，and China ranked first in the medal table with 30 gold medals.In 2014，Nanjing had（8） the honour of hosting the second Summer Youth Olympic Games.This was another great success and China （9） topped （top） the medal table again.
People across the world applaud athletes（10） who/that try hard to achieve sporting excellence.
【答案】（1）aged（2）majority（3）have been added（4）to connect（5）on（6）featuring（7）were held（8）the （9）topped（10）who/that
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了青少年奥林匹克运动会的比赛项目、运动员组成和中国运动员所取得的成就等信息。
【解答】（1）aged.考查形容词。句意：年龄在15到18岁之间的年轻运动员参加各种各样的运动项目。根据句意可知，"（age） between 15 and 18"是后置定语，修饰名词athletes，形容词aged意为"……岁"，只作后置定语。故填aged。
（2）majority.考查名词。句意：这些项目大部分与奥运会项目相同，但其他项目，如武术，也被添加进来。结合句意和空格前定冠词The可知，应填入名词majority作主语，且the majority of为固定短语，意为"……的大多数"。故填majority。
（3）have been added.考查动词时态及语态。句意：这些项目大部分与奥运会项目相同，但其他项目，如武术，也被添加进来。分析句子可知，提示词add是分句中谓语动词，结合句意，描述既定的事实对现在的影响，用现在完成时，add与主语other sports之间是被动关系，且主语是复数名词。综上，谓语动词用现在完成时被动语态，复数形式。故填have been added。
（4）to connect.考查动词不定式。句意：青年奥林匹克运动会为有才华的青少年提供了一个与来自不同背景的运动员联系的机会。分析句子可知，connect是非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词chance，且a chance to do...为固定搭配，意为"一个做……的机会"。故填to connect。
（5）on.考查介词。句意：比赛的重点是在不同文化之间搭建桥梁，所以有一些比赛以混合代表队为特色，如混合游泳接力赛。根据句意"重点在……之上"可知，应用介词on，其意为"在……之上"，且focus也常和介词on搭配。故填on。
（6）featuring.考查现在分词。句意：比赛的重点是在不同文化之间搭建桥梁，所以有一些比赛以混合代表队为特色，如混合游泳接力赛。分析句子可知，feature（以……为特色）作后置定语修饰名词competitions，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语competitions之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词，表示主动。故填featuring。
（7）were held.考查动词时态及语态。句意：2010年，首届青年奥林匹克运动会在新加坡举行，中国以30枚金牌名列奖牌榜第一。分析句子可知，hold（举行）是句中谓语动词，与主语The first Youth Olympic Games之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语in 2010，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语The first Youth Olympic Games是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故填were held。
（8）the .考查冠词。句意：2014年，南京有幸举办了第二届夏季青奥会。have the honour of doing是固定搭配，意为"有幸做……"。故填the。
（9）topped.考查动词时态。句意：这是又一次巨大的成功，中国再次荣登奖牌榜榜首。分析句子可知，top（居……之首）是分句中谓语动词，与主语China之间是主动关系，根据语境可知，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填topped。
（10）who/that.考查定语从句。句意：世界各地的人们为那些努力取得体育成就的运动员喝彩。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词athletes，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或者that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
10．（2020秋 武汉月考）Like many，Dean once viewed surfing as a lifestyle，not a sport.He came to it several years（1） after earning his graduate degree and going to work at a clinic."As I surfed more frequently，" he says，"I started to think about it （2） differently （different）﹣what do I need to do to catch more waves（3） and make more turns？"
Dean's clinical background was the key factor（4） that/which led him to begin reconsidering those ideas.When his son started catching waves with friends，he asked（5） more （many） questions：Why don't surfers train the way football players do？He（6） assessed （assess） the boys' movements on the water and developed conditioning plans involving unstable surfaces.He reviewed hours of video footage，（7） focusing （focus） on how their techniques could be improved.
Dean opened a surf club in 2010.Over the（8） years （year）he has trained Simpson，a US Open championship （9） winner （win），and other stars."My whole goal，" Dean says， "（10） is （be） to get top surfers to do what lots of major sports are already doing."
【答案】（1）after（2）differently（3）and（4）that/which（5）more（6）assessed（7）focusing（8）years（9）winner（10）is
【分析】本文为记叙文，文章主要讲了Dean从喜欢冲浪运动到开办冲浪俱乐部的过程。
【解答】（1）after.考查介词。句意：他是在获得研究生学位并在一家诊所工作几年之后，开始从事这项工作的。表示"在……之后"，用连词after，故填after。
（2）differently.考查副词。句意：我开始有了不同的想法。分析句子可知，此处修饰动词think，故用副词修饰动词，故填differently。
（3）and.考查连词。句意：我需要做些什么才能抓住更多的海浪，做更多的转弯？catch more waves和make more turns之间是并列关系，故填and。
（4）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：迪恩的临床背景是促使他开始重新考虑这些想法的关键因素。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为factor，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
（5）more.考查比较级。句意：当他的儿子开始和朋友们一起冲浪时，他问了更多的问题。根据Why don't surfers train the way football players do？可知他问了更多的问题。more更多的，故填more。
（6）assessed.考查动词时态。句意：他评估了男孩们在水面上的动作，并制定了涉及不稳定表面的调节计划。结合句意和developed 可知，此处用一般过去时，故填assessed。
（7）focusing.考查现在分词。句意：他回顾了数小时的视频片段，重点关注如何改进他们的技术。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，主语He与focus之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语，故填focusing。
（8）years.考查名词。句意：多年来，他训练了美国公开赛冠军辛普森和其他明星。year是可数名词，表示"他一直在训练辛普森的这些年"，是复数意义，用名词复数，故填years。
（9）winner.考查名词。句意：多年来，他训练了美国公开赛冠军辛普森和其他明星。分析句子可知，此处为Simpson的同位语，该空用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，故填winner。
（10）is.考查主谓一致。句意：迪恩说："我的全部目标是让顶级冲浪运动员做很多主要运动已经在做的事情。"描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时；主语My whole goal是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填is。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
11．Shawn Cheshire is a blind cyclist who competed in the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro，Brazil.She lost her ability （1） to see （see）after an accident nine years ago.She has tried to become as（2） independent （depend）as possible in the last few years.
She said that，（3） for a long time，she was in a really dark place and hated being blind.She said that sports and physical exercise gave （4） her （she）another opportunity at living.
Earlier this month，Cheshire crossed 68 kilometers of steep and uneven ground in the Grand Canyon（大峡谷）.She did so in 24 hours and 15 minutes，（5） which is believed to be a record for a blind hiker（徒步旅行者）.The （6） earlier （early）record of 28 hours（7） was set （set）in 2014.
Three friends helped her during the Grand Canyon hike.They walked several steps apart.They guided and warned her of （8） barriers （barrier）.She listened for and followed the sound of a bell（9） worn （wear）by the lead hiker.She used hiking poles for balance.
Cheshire and her friends finished the hike on October 8，2018.She said as the group neared（10） the end of the trip，"I had a huge ball of emotion welled up in my chest﹣I cannot believe we just did that."
【答案】（1）to see（2）independent（3）for（4）her（5）which（6）earlier（7）was set（8）barriers（9）worn（10）the
【分析】本文为记叙文，主要讲述了肖恩 切希尔是一名盲人自行车运动员，他参加了2016年巴西里约热内卢残奥会。
【解答】（1）to see.考查动词不定式。句意：九年前的一次事故后，她失去了视力。此处用动词不定式作定语修饰名词ability，故填to see。
（2）independent.考查形容词。句意：在过去的几年里，她一直试图变得尽可能独立。as...as中间用形容词或副词原级，此处用形容词作become的宾语，表示独立的，故填independent。
（3）for.考查介词。句意：她说，很长一段时间以来，她处在一个非常黑暗的地方，讨厌失明。固定搭配for a long time表示"很长时间"，故填for。
（4）her.考查人称代词。句意：她说运动和体育锻炼给了她另一个生活的机会。此处作动词gave的宾语，故用宾格形式，故填her。
（5）which.考查定语从句。句意：她在24小时15分钟内做到了这一点，这被认为是盲人徒步旅行者的记录。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一件事，在从句中作主语，故填which。
（6）earlier.考查比较级。句意：此前的28小时记录是在2014年创下的。结合句意可知，此处表示"早先的"，故填earlier。
（7）was set.考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：此前的28小时记录是在2014年创下的。时间状语为in 2014，句子用一般过去时，主语record与set之间是被动关系，且主语为单数形式，故填was set。
（8）barriers.考查可数名词的复数。句意：他们引导并提醒她障碍。结合句意可知，此处与名词的复数形式作介词of的宾语，表示泛指，故填barriers。
（9）worn.考查过去分词。句意：她倾听并跟随领队徒步者的铃声。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，bell与wear之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填worn。
（10）the.考查冠词。句意：当这群人接近行程终点时，她说。结合句意可知，此处表示特指，故用定冠词，故填the。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
12．When we think about the value of exercise，we tend to focus on the physical benefits.But over the past decade，social scientists（1） have discovered （discover）more benefits of regular exercise：its impact（2） on the way we think.Studies indicate that putting regular exercise into your routine（3） can improve concentration and memory and help lower stress.
There is also evidence（4） suggesting （suggest）that exercise during regular work hours may improve performance.Within the study，（5） researchers （research）had over 200 employees at a variety of companies self﹣report their performance on a daily basis.They found that（6） when employees visited the gym，their experience at work changed.（7） They reported managing their time more effectively，being more productive，and getting on well with their colleagues.（8） However ，many of us can't take exercise regularly.The reason is that we don't have the time.But let's be clear：（9） what we really mean when we say we don't have time for an activity is that we don't consider it a priority.Instead of viewing exercise as something we do for ourselves，it's time we（10） should start （start）considering physical activity as part of the work itself.
【答案】（1）have discovered（2）on（3）can（4）suggesting（5）researchers（6）when（7）They（8）However（9）what（10）should start
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述体育锻炼的好处。
【解答】（1）have discovered.考查动词时态。句意：但是在过去的十年里，社会学家发现了经常锻炼的更多好处：它对我们思维方式的影响。时间状语为over the past decade，句子用现在完成时，故填have discovered。
（2）on.考查介词。句意：但是在过去的十年里，社会学家发现了经常锻炼的更多好处：它对我们思维方式的影响。impact on...表示"对...的影响"，符合句意，故填on。
（3）can.考查情态动词。句意：研究表明，在日常生活中进行有规律的锻炼可以提高注意力和记忆力，有助于降低压力。can表示"能够，可以"，故填can。
（4）suggesting.考查现在分词。句意：还有证据表明，在正常工作时间锻炼可以提高工作表现。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，evidence与suggest之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，故填suggesting。
（5）researchers.考查名词。句意：在这项研究中，研究人员让不同公司的200多名员工每天自我报告他们的表现。结合句意可知，此处表示不止一个研究人员，故用名词的复数形式，故填researchers。
（6）when.考查时间状语从句。句意：他们发现，当员工参观健身房时，他们的工作经历发生了变化。分析句子可知，此处引导时间状语从句，表示"当...时候"，故填when。
（7）They.考查代词。句意：他们报告说，他们更有效地管理时间，更有效率，与同事相处融洽。结合句意可知，此处指代前文提到的researchers，且作主语，故填they。
（8）However.考查副词。句意：然而，我们中的许多人不能经常锻炼。结合句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填However。
（9）what.考查主语从句。句意：当我们说我们没有时间做活动时，我们真正的意思是我们不认为它是优先事项。分析句子可知，此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少mean的宾语，表示"意味的事情"，故填what。
（10）should start.考查虚拟语气。句意：与其把锻炼看成是我们自己做的事情，不如开始把体育锻炼作为工作本身的一部分。固定句式it is time that sb should do表示"该是做某事的时间"，故填should start。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
13．Sports should help a man to learn fairness，not only in games but also in life.If two teams play （1） a game，one team must lose.If a dozen （2） teams （team） attend an athletic competition，one team will get the most points and all the （3） other eleven teams will get fewer points.If a school team comes out last，that is no loss of face. （4） What that team and that school must do is to admit that it（5） has lost （lose）．The only intelligent reaction （6） to defeat must be：next year we will do our best to come out on top，because from now on we will devote（7） ourselves （our） to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.
Lessons （8） learned （learn） in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.But even more（9） valuable （value） are the lessons learned in extra﹣curricular activities in school：in speech，dramatic and musical contests，in "house" activities，and，（10） especially （especial），in the student council.
【答案】（1）a（2）teams（3）other（4）What（5）has lost（6）to（7）ourselves（8）learned（9）valuable（10）especially
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述体育运动可以帮助人们学会公平，努力提升自己，更重要的是体育能帮助人们正确处理人际关系。
【解答】（1）a.考查冠词。句意：如果两个队打一场比赛，一个队必须输。结合句意可知，此处泛指一场比赛，且game的发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填a。
（2）teams.考查名词。句意：如果有十二支球队参加一场体育比赛，其中一支球队得分最多，而其他十一支球队得分较少。a dozen表示"十二个"，后面跟可数名词复数，故填teams。
（3）other.考查限定词。句意：如果有十二支球队参加一场体育比赛，其中一支球队得分最多，而其他十一支球队得分较少。the other eleven剩下的十一个，符合句意，故填other。
（4）What.考查主语从句。句意：那个队和那个学校必须做的就是承认它输了。分析句子可知，此处引导主语从句，在从句中作do的宾语，表示"要做的事情"，故用what来引导，置于句首，首字母大写，故填What。
（5）has lost.考查动词时态。句意：那个队和那个学校必须做的就是承认它输了。结合句意可知，此处表示"这个学校的比赛队伍已经输了"，故用现在完成时，主语it为第三人称单数，故填has lost。
（6）to.考查介词。句意：对失败唯一明智的反应必须是：明年我们将尽最大努力脱颖而出，因为从现在起，我们将致力于在有能力的教练指导下进行更严格的培训。reaction to sth表示"对...的反应"，故填to。
（7）ourselves.考查反身代词。句意：对失败唯一明智的反应必须是：明年我们将尽最大努力脱颖而出，因为从现在起，我们将致力于在有能力的教练指导下进行更严格的培训。devote oneself to sth. /doing sth表示"全身心地投入到某事中去"符合句意，故填ourselves。
（8）learned.考查过去分词。句意：从体育运动中学到的经验可以帮助我们与他人打交道。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，lessons与learn之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填learned。
（9）valuable.考查形容词。句意：但更为宝贵的是在学校课外活动中学到的经验教训：演讲、戏剧和音乐比赛、"家庭"活动，尤其是学生会。此处表示"更有价值的是"，故用形容词，故填valuable。
（10）especially.考查副词。句意：但更为宝贵的是在学校课外活动中学到的经验教训：演讲、戏剧和音乐比赛、"家庭"活动，尤其是学生会。由句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，故填especially。
【点评】解答此类题目应先浏览全文，概括大意，再根据句子间的提示以及括号内的汉语提示或首字母提示，依据语法规则和行为逻辑来推测并填写合适的词语。
14．（2021秋 顺德区校级期中）People call Wilma Rudolph "the Black Pearl"， "the Black Gazelle" and "the fastest woman in the world".In 1960，she became the first American woman（1） to win （win） three gold medals in the Olympics.She was（2） an extraordinary American athlete.She also did a lot to help young athletes（3） succeed/to succeed （success）.
Wilma Rudolph was born（4） into/in/to a very large，poor，African﹣American family.She was the（5） twentieth （twenty） of twenty﹣two children.She was born too early and only （6） weighed （weigh） two kilograms.She had many （7） illnesses （illness） when she was very young，（8） including （include）pneumonia（肺炎） and scarlet fever（猩红热）.She also had polio（小儿麻痹症），（9） which damaged her left leg.When she was six years old，she began to wear metal leg braces because she could not use that leg.With her family's attention and care， （10） fortunately （fortunate），by the time she was nine years old，she no longer needed her leg braces.
【答案】（1）to win （2）an （3）succeed/to succeed （4）into/in/to （5）twentieth （6）weighed （7）illnesses（8）including （9）which （10）fortunately
【分析】本文讲述了美国女运动员威尔马.鲁道夫的个人成就和她的童年经历。
【解答】（1）to win.考查不定式。句意为：1960年，她成为美国第﹣位在一届奥运会上赢得三枚金牌的女性。在序数词或被序数词修饰的名词后常用不定式作定语。设空前有the first，故填to win。
（2）an.考查冠词。句意为：她是一位优秀的美国运动员。修饰表示职业身份的单数可数名词athlete，其前用不定冠词，表示"一位"。extraordinary 的发音以元音音素开头故用冠词an。故填an。
（3）succeed/to succeed.考查动词作宾补。句意为：她也做了很多事情来帮助年轻运动员取得成功。由help sb. （to） do sth.可知，用省略to或带to的动词不定式作宾补。故填succeed/to succeed。
（4）into/in/to.考查介词。句意为：威尔马.鲁道夫出生在一个贫穷的非洲裔美国人大家庭。be born into/in/to a…family 意为"出生于一个……的家庭"。故填into/in/too。
（5）twentieth.考查序数词。句意为：她是家里22 个孩子中的第20个。根据句意和the的提示可知用序数词，故填twentieth。
（6）weighed.考查时态。句意为：她是早产儿，出生时只有两千克重。weigh 表示……，是连系动词，不用被动语态。此处指出生时的重量，应当用一般过去时。故填weighed。
（7）illnesses.考查名词的数。句意：当她年幼时，她得过很多疾病，包括肺炎和猩红热病。illness表示几种病，可数，所以用复数。故填illnesses。
（8）including.考查介词。句意：当她年幼时，她得过很多疾病，包括肺炎和猩红热病。分析句子结构可知，此处应填介词including，意为"包括……在内"。故填including。
（9）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意为：她还得了小儿麻痹症，这个病损伤了她的左腿。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词polio 并在从句中作主语。故填which。
（10）fortunately.考查副词。句意为：幸运的是 ，在她的家人的关心和照顾下，在她九岁的时候她不再需要腿部支架了。设空处修饰整个句子作状语，应用副词。故填fortunately。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
15．（2019春 越秀区校级期中）Last weekend our school held a sports meeting.（1） Realizing （Realize） it was our last high school sports meeting， we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all us.
We first
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．（2019秋 会昌县期中）On Sunday，a bus in Chongqing fell into the Yangtze River， （1） left 15 people dead．The accident （2） （cause） by a fight between an angry passenger and the bus driver．
A woman passenger failed（3） （get） off at the right bus stop．She asked the driver to stop the bus and let her get off，but the driver refused．A quarrel then occurred，with both sides using unkind （4） （word）．Five minutes later，she struck the driver on the head with her smartphone，and the driver fought back with his right hand．Within two seconds，the driver took back his hand．However，he （5） （lose） control of the bus before he realized it．The bus hit a red car，and fell into the river．
（6） is very basic common sense that the lives and safety of the whole bus depend upon the driver，but the woman attacked the driver because of her own fault．On （7） other hand，the driver didn't stay calm．As a driver （8） （responsibility） for the whole bus，he should have stopped the bus by the roadside to ensure safety while under attack．It was（9） （extreme） reckless（鲁莽的） to fight back．
I wonder why none of the passengers took action to stop the fight． （10） any one of the passengers had stepped forward bravely，the tragedy might have been prevented．
2．Over the past few years，anxiety has become more and more common among teenagers，especially high school students.
It seems to me that as the National College Entrance Examination approaches，students（1） （face） with difficulties and failures at school often feel overwhelmed.They can't solve their problems and are unable to adjust to the changing environment.Some even have physical （2） （symptom） such as headaches，stomachaches and so on.These anxieties increase the risk of depression.
Parental behavior is certainly another reason （3） contributes to children's anxiety.Parents should encourage their children and be their friends.However，the fact is that the majority of parents pay too much attention （4） children's school performance.They would rather shout at their children than try to find out （5） they are doing badly at school. （6） （consequent），students become less and less confident and unwilling to communicate with anyone.Pressure can't （7） （avoid） in life.Those who succeed manage （8） （turn） pressure into motivation.First，as senior high school students，we should set suitable goals and depend on our abilities.Second，we should regard difficulties as（9） （value） experience.
Learn to comfort yourself with the thought that humans' intelligence （10） （vary） from person to person.Physical and mental health is more important than exam marks.
3．（2019 新课标Ⅰ）The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland．While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence（1） they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada．It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been（2） （poor） studied；however，biologists calculate that there are about 20，000﹣25，000 polar bears worldwide．
Modern methods（3） tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid﹣1980s，and are expensive（4） （perform） consistently over a large area．In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut（5） （report） increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a（6） （believe） that populations are increasing．Scientists have responded by （7） （note） that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集） around human settlements，leading to the illusion（错觉） that populations are（8） （high） than they actually are．Of（9） nineteen recognized polar bear sub populations，three are declining，six（10） （be） stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data．
4．（2022 湖南模拟）The world's insects now face extinction.More than 40% of insect species are declining and a third（1） （be）at risk of extinction.The rate of extinction is eight times faster than that of mammals and birds.The total mass of insects is falling by 2.5% a year，（2） （suggest） they could disappear within a century，according to the first global scientific review.
The planet is at the start of a sixth mass extinction in its history，with huge losses already（3） （report） in larger animals that are（4） （easy） to study.But insects are by far the most varied and abundant animals.They are essential for the proper functioning of all ecosystems.
The analysis says modern agriculture is the main driver of the declines，（5） （particular） the heavy use of pesticides（农药）.（6） we change our ways of producing food，insects as a whole will go down the path of extinction in a few decades.
"If insect species losses cannot be slopped，there will be disastrous consequences for both the（7） （planet） ecosystems and for the survival of mankind." said Francisco Sanchcz﹣Bayo，at the University of Sydney，（8） wrote the review.
One of（9） biggest impacts of insect loss is on the many birds，reptiles（爬行动物）and fish that cat insects. "If this food source is taken away，all these animals will starve to（10） （die），" he said.
5．（2018 新课标Ⅱ）Diets have changed in China﹣and so too has its top crop．Since 2011，the country （1） （grow）more corn than rice．Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over （2） past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent．
A taste for meat is（3） （actual） behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle．Another reason for corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice （4） （improve） water quality．Corn uses less water（5） rice and creates less fertilizer（化肥） runoff．This switch has decreased （6） （pollute） in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people．
According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total（7） （globe）fertilizer consumption．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005﹣when the government （8） （start） a soil﹣testing program（9） gives specific fertilizer recommendation to farmers ﹣ and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons．That prevented the emission（排放） of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide．China's approach to protecting its environment while （10） （feed） its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，" says the bank's Juergen Voegele．
6．（1） （tradition），only men have filled professional drivers in Saudi Arabia（沙特阿拉伯）.And the majority of professional drivers are from poor（2） （country）like India，Pakistan and Bangladesh.Until recently，many Saudi men refused （3） （do） the job because they believed the work to be below their social station.
Saudi Arabia was the last country in the world to stop women from（4） （drive）.And，women still must get permission from a male relative before they can drive，get a job or passport，and travel outside（5） country.
For many women（6） sign up to become drivers，the job provides another earnings source and greater financial （7） （independent）.
The government provides jobs for about 70 percent of Saudis.However，with filling oil profits，the government cannot provide the growing number of Saudis entering the workforce（8） enough jobs.
2，000 women have registered as drivers since September，when officials （9） （announce） they would cancel the ban.The international car service company，Uber，said over 100 Saudi women had expressed interest in employment as drivers.
In recent years，thousands of young Saudi men （10） （sign） up also.More than 150，000 registered with Uber.About 170，000 signed up with Careem.But 80 percent of Uber's customers are women；for Careem that percentage is 70.
7．
Mascots for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games（残奥会）
A red lantern baby （1） （call）"Shuey Rhon Rhon'"and（2） energetic giant panda named "Bing Dwen Dwen"have been uncovered as the two mascots for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games.The mascots，known to people on Tuesday night at Beijing's Shougang Ice Hockey Arena， （3） （connect）with the host nation's culture.
Beijing 2022 executive president Chen Jining explained the idea （4） （clear）behind the design of the two mascots at the launch ceremony. "The two mascots put elements of traditional Chinese culture together （5） a modern international style.They show the Chinese people's eager expectations for the Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games，and China's warm invitation to friends from all over the world，"said Chen， （6） is also the mayor of Beijing.
"They are designed（7） （express）all the aspects of the Olympic spirit，including （8） （wonder）characteristics such as passion，perseverance，friendship and common understanding to actively engage the public.
The name "Bing DwenDwen"is a combination of several meanings in the Chinese language，with "Bing' the Chinese word for"ice"，and"Dwen Dwen" meaning （9） （strong）and liveliness.In the name"Shuey Rhon Rhon'"，"Shuey"is the Chinese word for"snow"and"Rhon Rhon'" （10） （have）the meaning of tolerance（宽容）.
8．Mr.Watson lived with his family in the woods.He owned a farm，which looked almost（1） （desert）.Fortunately，he also had a cow producing milk every day.He exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby（2） other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what（3） （leave）.The cow was their only means of support，in fact.One day，the cow was eating grass（4） it began to rain heavily.While（5） （make） great efforts to run away，she fell off the hill and died.Then the Watsons had to make（6） living without the cow.In order to support his family，Mr.Watson began to plant herbs and（7） （vegetable）.Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees（8） （sell）the wood.Thinking about his children's clothes，he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around，he sold what he planted in the market where people from the towns met （9） （regular）.Now it occurred to（10） （he） that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
9．（2021秋 天心区校级期末）The Youth Olympic Games are the youth version of the Olympic Games.Young athletes（1） （age）between 15 and 18 compete in a wide range of sports.The（2） （major）of these sports are identical to those at the Olympics but other sports，such as wushu，（3） （add） too.The Youth Olympic Games give talented teenagers a chance（4） （connect）with fellow athletes from diverse backgrounds.The focus is （5） building bridges between different cultures，so there are competitions （6） （feature）mixed teams，such as mixed swimming relays.In these competitions，both male and female athletes，sometimes of different nationalities，play side by side.
The first Youth Olympic Games （7） （hold）in Singapore in 2010，and China ranked first in the medal table with 30 gold medals.In 2014，Nanjing had（8） honour of hosting the second Summer Youth Olympic Games.This was another great success and China （9） （top） the medal table again.
People across the world applaud athletes（10） try hard to achieve sporting excellence.
10．（2020秋 武汉月考）Like many，Dean once viewed surfing as a lifestyle，not a sport.He came to it several years（1） earning his graduate degree and going to work at a clinic."As I surfed more frequently，" he says，"I started to think about it （2） （different）﹣what do I need to do to catch more waves（3） make more turns？"
Dean's clinical background was the key factor（4） led him to begin reconsidering those ideas.When his son started catching waves with friends，he asked（5） （many） questions：Why don't surfers train the way football players do？He（6） （assess） the boys' movements on the water and developed conditioning plans involving unstable surfaces.He reviewed hours of video footage，（7） （focus） on how their techniques could be improved.
Dean opened a surf club in 2010.Over the（8） （year）he has trained Simpson，a US Open championship （9） （win），and other stars."My whole goal，" Dean says， "（10） （be） to get top surfers to do what lots of major sports are already doing."
11．Shawn Cheshire is a blind cyclist who competed in the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro，Brazil.She lost her ability （1） （see）after an accident nine years ago.She has tried to become as（2） （depend）as possible in the last few years.
She said that，（3） a long time，she was in a really dark place and hated being blind.She said that sports and physical exercise gave （4） （she）another opportunity at living.
Earlier this month，Cheshire crossed 68 kilometers of steep and uneven ground in the Grand Canyon（大峡谷）.She did so in 24 hours and 15 minutes，（5） is believed to be a record for a blind hiker（徒步旅行者）.The （6） （early）record of 28 hours（7） （set）in 2014.
Three friends helped her during the Grand Canyon hike.They walked several steps apart.They guided and warned her of （8） （barrier）.She listened for and followed the sound of a bell（9） （wear）by the lead hiker.She used hiking poles for balance.
Cheshire and her friends finished the hike on October 8，2018.She said as the group neared（10） end of the trip，"I had a huge ball of emotion welled up in my chest﹣I cannot believe we just did that."
12．When we think about the value of exercise，we tend to focus on the physical benefits.But over the past decade，social scientists（1） （discover）more benefits of regular exercise：its impact（2） the way we think.Studies indicate that putting regular exercise into your routine（3） improve concentration and memory and help lower stress.
There is also evidence（4） （suggest）that exercise during regular work hours may improve performance.Within the study，（5） （research）had over 200 employees at a variety of companies self﹣report their performance on a daily basis.They found that（6） employees visited the gym，their experience at work changed.（7） reported managing their time more effectively，being more productive，and getting on well with their colleagues.（8） ，many of us can't take exercise regularly.The reason is that we don't have the time.But let's be clear：（9） we really mean when we say we don't have time for an activity is that we don't consider it a priority.Instead of viewing exercise as something we do for ourselves，it's time we（10） （start）considering physical activity as part of the work itself.
13．Sports should help a man to learn fairness，not only in games but also in life.If two teams play （1） game，one team must lose.If a dozen （2） （team） attend an athletic competition，one team will get the most points and all the （3） eleven teams will get fewer points.If a school team comes out last，that is no loss of face. （4） that team and that school must do is to admit that it（5） （lose）．The only intelligent reaction （6） defeat must be：next year we will do our best to come out on top，because from now on we will devote（7） （our） to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.
Lessons （8） （learn） in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.But even more（9） （value） are the lessons learned in extra﹣curricular activities in school：in speech，dramatic and musical contests，in "house" activities，and，（10） （especial），in the student council.
14．（2021秋 顺德区校级期中）People call Wilma Rudolph "the Black Pearl"， "the Black Gazelle" and "the fastest woman in the world".In 1960，she became the first American woman（1） （win） three gold medals in the Olympics.She was（2） extraordinary American athlete.She also did a lot to help young athletes（3） （success）.
Wilma Rudolph was born（4） a very large，poor，African﹣American family.She was the（5） （twenty） of twenty﹣two children.She was born too early and only （6） （weigh） two kilograms.She had many （7） （illness） when she was very young，（8） （include）pneumonia（肺炎） and scarlet fever（猩红热）.She also had polio（小儿麻痹症），（9） damaged her left leg.When she was six years old，she began to wear metal leg braces because she could not use that leg.With her family's attention and care， （10） （fortunate），by the time she was nine years old，she no longer needed her leg braces.
15．（2019春 越秀区校级期中）Last weekend our school held a sports meeting.（1） （Realize） it was our last high school sports meeting， we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all us.
We first attended the opening parade， for（2） our class had made many（3） （prepare）.（4） our excitement， our parade performance was a great success. After the parade， the games started. My classmates attended（5） （vary） events such as running， high jump and long jump. Due to the hard training they（6） （do） before， their performances were very（7） （impress）. On the stand，my classmates applauded and cheered for the athletes， some raising their cameras to capture the exciting moments. Finally， the result（8） （announce）. It was amazing that our class won（9） second place. Our efforts paid off! Cup in hand， we took a picture together.
I believe this sports meeting will remain a precious memory for all of us（10） time goes by.
期末专项培优 语法填空
参考答案与试题解析
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．（2019秋 会昌县期中）On Sunday，a bus in Chongqing fell into the Yangtze River， （1） which left 15 people dead．The accident （2） was caused （cause） by a fight between an angry passenger and the bus driver．
A woman passenger failed（3） to get （get） off at the right bus stop．She asked the driver to stop the bus and let her get off，but the driver refused．A quarrel then occurred，with both sides using unkind （4） words （word）．Five minutes later，she struck the driver on the head with her smartphone，and the driver fought back with his right hand．Within two seconds，the driver took back his hand．However，he （5） had lost （lose） control of the bus before he realized it．The bus hit a red car，and fell into the river．
（6） It is very basic common sense that the lives and safety of the whole bus depend upon the driver，but the woman attacked the driver because of her own fault．On （7） the other hand，the driver didn't stay calm．As a driver （8） responsible （responsibility） for the whole bus，he should have stopped the bus by the roadside to ensure safety while under attack．It was（9） extremely （extreme） reckless（鲁莽的） to fight back．
I wonder why none of the passengers took action to stop the fight． （10） If any one of the passengers had stepped forward bravely，the tragedy might have been prevented．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文主要讲的是重庆公交车坠江事故的过程及原因．
【解答】1．which．考查定语从句引导词．这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话的意思，且从句缺少主语，因此用关系代词which．
2．was caused．考查语态．主语the accident与cause之间是被动关系，且叙述的是过去的事情，因此要用一般过去式的被动语态．
3．to get．考查不定式．此处表示"一位女乘客未能在正确的公共汽车站下车"，fail to do sth．意为"没能做某事"．
4．words．考查名词单复数．此处表示"双方都用不友好的话"，word作为名词"话语"讲时是可数名词，结合语境可知这里要用复数形式．
5．had lost．考查时态．句意：然而，他还没意识到公共汽车已经失控了，lose发生在realize之前，结合语境及句意可知这里表示过去的过去，因此要用过去完成时．
6．It．考查it用法．句意：整个公共汽车的生命和安全都取决于司机，这是一个非常基本的常识，但那个女人却因为自己的过错袭击了司机，通过分析可知此处用it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语．
7．the．考查冠词及固定短语．此处表示"另一方面，司机没有保持冷静"，on the other hand意为"另一方面"．
8．responsible．考查形容词．此处表示"作为一个负责整个巴士的司机"，此处用形容词短语作定语修饰a driver．
9．extremely．考查副词．此处用副词修饰形容词 reckless．
10．If．考查连词．结合语境可知此处表示"如果任何一位乘客勇敢地挺身而出，悲剧就可能被阻止了．"，由此可知这里表示条件关系，因此填if．
【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答．扎实的语法功底加上准确的理解是解答语法填空题的关键．
2．Over the past few years，anxiety has become more and more common among teenagers，especially high school students.
It seems to me that as the National College Entrance Examination approaches，students（1） faced （face） with difficulties and failures at school often feel overwhelmed.They can't solve their problems and are unable to adjust to the changing environment.Some even have physical （2） symptoms （symptom） such as headaches，stomachaches and so on.These anxieties increase the risk of depression.
Parental behavior is certainly another reason （3） that/which contributes to children's anxiety.Parents should encourage their children and be their friends.However，the fact is that the majority of parents pay too much attention （4） to children's school performance.They would rather shout at their children than try to find out （5） why they are doing badly at school. （6） Consequently （consequent），students become less and less confident and unwilling to communicate with anyone.Pressure can't （7） be avoided （avoid） in life.Those who succeed manage （8） to turn （turn） pressure into motivation.First，as senior high school students，we should set suitable goals and depend on our abilities.Second，we should regard difficulties as（9） valuable （value） experience.
Learn to comfort yourself with the thought that humans' intelligence （10） varies （vary） from person to person.Physical and mental health is more important than exam marks.
【答案】（1）faced（2）symptoms（3）that/which（4）to（5）why（6）Consequently（7）be avoided（8）to turn（9）valuable（10）varies
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在过去的几年里，焦虑在青少年中变得越来越普遍，作者分析了焦虑产生的原因以及应对焦虑的方法。
【解答】（1）faced.考查过去分词。句意：在我看来，随着高考的临近，学生在学校遇到困难和失败时，常常感到不知所措。固定短语be faced with意为"面对"，本句中设空处为非谓语动词，且此处主语students与face构成被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填faced.
（2）symptoms.考查名词的单复数。句意：有些人甚至有身体症状，如头痛、胃疼等等。symptom"症状"为可数名词，前面无不定冠词修饰，应用复数形式symptoms，故填symptoms.
（3）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：父母的行为无疑是导致孩子焦虑的另一个原因。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词another reason，且关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导，故填that或which.
（4）to.考查固定短语。句意：然而，事实是，大多数家长太关注孩子们的学校表现。pay attention to意为"关注"，固定短语。故填to.
（5）why.考查宾语从句。句意：他们宁愿对孩子们大喊大叫，也不愿试着弄清孩子们在学校表现不好的原因。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，表示"为什么"，故填why.
（6）Consequently.考查副词。句意：因此，学生们变得越来越不自信，不愿意与任何人交流。空格后加了逗号，此处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词Consequently.因在句首，首字母应大写，故填Consequently.
（7）be avoided.考查动词的语态。句意：生活中压力是不可避免的。本句中主语Pressure与avoid构成被动关系，应用被动语态，且can't后跟动词原形，故填be avoided.
（8）to turn.考查不定式。句意：那些成功的人设法将压力变成了动力。manage to do sth.表示"设法做成某事"，故填to turn.
（9）valuable.考查形容词。句意：第二，我们应该把困难看作宝贵的经验。experience为名词，应用形容词valuable修饰，表示"宝贵的"，故填valuable.
（10）varies.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：学会用人的智力因人而异的想法安慰自己。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句主语为humans' intelligence"人的智力"，不可数名词，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填varies.
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性、时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容，答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
3．（2019 新课标Ⅰ）The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland．While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence（1） that they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada．It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been（2） poorly （poor） studied；however，biologists calculate that there are about 20，000﹣25，000 polar bears worldwide．
Modern methods（3） of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid﹣1980s，and are expensive（4） to perform （perform） consistently over a large area．In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut（5） have reported （report） increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a（6） belief （believe） that populations are increasing．Scientists have responded by （7） noting （note） that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集） around human settlements，leading to the illusion（错觉） that populations are（8） higher （high） than they actually are．Of（9） the nineteen recognized polar bear sub populations，three are declining，six（10） are （be） stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】从20世纪80年代中期开始，人们才开始使用现代的方法保护北极熊种群，生物学家计算出全世界大约有20000﹣25000只北极熊．北极熊的数量正在下降．
【解答】1．that．考查同位语从句．本句是同位语从句，后文句子是对名词evidence的解释和说明，从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用that引导．故填that．
2．poorly．考查副词．此处用副词修饰动词study，poorly是副词"贫乏地"，所以填poorly．
3．of/for．考查介词．追踪北极熊的方法，应该用methods of 或者for表达，所以填of或者for．
4．to perform．考查不定式．be +形容词+动词不定式是英语的固定句型，其中动词不定式做主语补足语．所以填to perform．
5．have reported．考查时态．根据时间状语 In recent years 在近几年来，可见与现在完成时连用，故填have reported
6．belief．考查名词．此处是用名词做宾语，根据句意：使人相信北极熊的数目在增加．belief是名词"相信"，所以填belief．
7．noting．考查非谓语．介词by后跟动名词，note是动词，所以填noting．
8．higher．考查比较级．根据比较级的句型than的前边必须用形容词的比较级，所以填higher．
9．the．考查定冠词．此处为特指，"19个已知的北极熊亚种群"，所以填the．
10．are．考查主谓一致．six做主语是指六个熊群，所以谓语动词用复数形式，故填are．
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力．解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容．答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境．
4．（2022 湖南模拟）The world's insects now face extinction.More than 40% of insect species are declining and a third（1） are （be）at risk of extinction.The rate of extinction is eight times faster than that of mammals and birds.The total mass of insects is falling by 2.5% a year，（2） suggesting （suggest） they could disappear within a century，according to the first global scientific review.
The planet is at the start of a sixth mass extinction in its history，with huge losses already（3） reported （report） in larger animals that are（4） easier （easy） to study.But insects are by far the most varied and abundant animals.They are essential for the proper functioning of all ecosystems.
The analysis says modern agriculture is the main driver of the declines，（5） particularly （particular） the heavy use of pesticides（农药）.（6） Unless we change our ways of producing food，insects as a whole will go down the path of extinction in a few decades.
"If insect species losses cannot be slopped，there will be disastrous consequences for both the（7） planet's （planet） ecosystems and for the survival of mankind." said Francisco Sanchcz﹣Bayo，at the University of Sydney，（8） who wrote the review.
One of（9） the biggest impacts of insect loss is on the many birds，reptiles（爬行动物）and fish that cat insects. "If this food source is taken away，all these animals will starve to（10） death （die），" he said.
【答案】（1）are（2）suggesting（3）reported（4）easier（5）particularly（6）Unless（7）planet's（8）who（9）the（10）death
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了超过40%的昆虫种类正在减少，三分之一有灭绝的危险。
【解答】（1）are.考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：超过40%的昆虫种类正在减少，三分之一有灭绝的危险。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为a third of insect species，谓语动词用复数形式，故填are。
（2）suggesting.考查现在分词。句意：根据第一次全球科学评论，昆虫的总质量每年下降2.5%，表明它们可能在一个世纪内消失。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，前面一件事与suggest之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填suggesting。
（3）reported.考查过去分词。句意：地球正处于其历史上第六次大灭绝的开始，据报道，更容易研究的大型动物已经出现了巨大的灭绝。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，宾语huge losses与report之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，故填reported。
（4）easier.考查比较级。句意：地球正处于其历史上第六次大灭绝的开始，据报道，更容易研究的大型动物已经出现了巨大的灭绝。结合句意可知，此处表示"更容易"，故用比较级，故填easier。
（5）particularly.考查副词。句意：该分析称，现代农业是这种下降的主要驱动力，尤其是杀虫剂的大量使用。分析句子可知，此处用副词作状语修饰句子，故填particularly。
（6）Unless.考查条件状语从句。句意：除非我们改变生产食物的方式，否则昆虫作为一个整体将在几十年内走向灭绝。unless表示"除非"，引导条件状语从句，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Unless。
（7）planet's.考查名词所有格。句意：如果昆虫物种的损失不能得到缓解，将对地球的生态系统和人类的生存造成灾难性的后果。分析句子可知，此处用名词所有格作定语修饰名词ecosystems，故填planet's。
（8）who.考查定语从句。句意：悉尼大学的Francisco Sanchcz Bayo说，他写了这篇评论。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Francisco Sanchcz﹣Bayo，在从句中作主语，故填who。
（9）the.考查冠词。句意：昆虫损失的最大影响之一是对许多鸟类、爬行动物和鱼类造成的影响。此处用定冠词修饰最高级biggest，故填the。
（10）death.考查不可数名词。句意：如果食物来源被拿走，所有这些动物都会饿死。starve to death表示"饿死"符合句意，故填death。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
5．（2018 新课标Ⅱ）Diets have changed in China﹣and so too has its top crop．Since 2011，the country （1） has grown （grow）more corn than rice．Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over （2） the past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent．
A taste for meat is（3） actually （actual） behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle．Another reason for corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice （4） to improve （improve） water quality．Corn uses less water（5） than rice and creates less fertilizer（化肥） runoff．This switch has decreased （6） pollution （pollute） in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people．
According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total（7） global （globe）fertilizer consumption．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005﹣when the government （8） started （start） a soil﹣testing program（9） that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendation to farmers ﹣ and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons．That prevented the emission（排放） of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide．China's approach to protecting its environment while （10） feeding （feed） its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，" says the bank's Juergen Voegele．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文讲述中国的饮食习惯发生了变化，中国的主要作物也发生了变化．人们对肉类的偏好导致中国种植的玉米比水稻多．玉米的一个重要部分被用来喂鸡、猪和牛．玉米比水稻耗水量更少，肥料的流失也更少．这一转变减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全．中国在保护环境的同时，也为全球的农业和食品政策制定者提供了有益的教训．
【解答】1．has grown，考查时态，since 2011 和现在完成时态连用．
2．the，考查冠词，特指用定冠词the，此处特指过去的25年．
3．actually，考查副词，修饰句子用副词．
4．to improve，考查不定式，作目的状语用不定式．
5．than，考查固定搭配，前面有比较级less，所以用than进行比较．
6．pollution，考查名词，作宾语，所以用名词，pollution，为不可数名词，无复数．
7．global，考查形容词，修饰名词用形容词．
8．started，考查时态，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态．
9．that/which，考查定语从句，先行词为program，在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导．
10．feeding，考查现在分词，句子主语和feed之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语．
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识．
6．（1） Traditionally （tradition），only men have filled professional drivers in Saudi Arabia（沙特阿拉伯）.And the majority of professional drivers are from poor（2） countries （country）like India，Pakistan and Bangladesh.Until recently，many Saudi men refused （3） to do （do） the job because they believed the work to be below their social station.
Saudi Arabia was the last country in the world to stop women from（4） driving （drive）.And，women still must get permission from a male relative before they can drive，get a job or passport，and travel outside（5） the country.
For many women（6） who/that sign up to become drivers，the job provides another earnings source and greater financial （7） independence （independent）.
The government provides jobs for about 70 percent of Saudis.However，with filling oil profits，the government cannot provide the growing number of Saudis entering the workforce（8） with enough jobs.
2，000 women have registered as drivers since September，when officials （9） announced （announce） they would cancel the ban.The international car service company，Uber，said over 100 Saudi women had expressed interest in employment as drivers.
In recent years，thousands of young Saudi men （10） have signed （sign） up also.More than 150，000 registered with Uber.About 170，000 signed up with Careem.But 80 percent of Uber's customers are women；for Careem that percentage is 70.
【答案】（1）Traditionally（2）countries（3）to do（4）driving（5）the（6）who/that（7）independence（8）with（9）announced（10）have signed
【分析】本文为说明文，随着沙特阿拉伯一项禁令的解除，现在沙特妇女有了新的就业机会：职业司机。对于许多女性来说，这份工作提供了另一个收入来源和更大的经济独立。自9月份官方宣布将取消这一禁令以来，已有2000名女性登记成为司机。
【解答】（1）Traditionally.考查副词。句意：在沙特阿拉伯，传统上只有男性担任职业司机。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰句子，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Traditionally。
（2）countries.考查名词。句意：大多数职业司机来自印度、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国等贫穷国家。country为可数名词，根据后文中的like India，Pakistan and Bangladesh可知此处应用复数，故填countries。
（3）to do.考查动词不定式。句意：直到最近，许多沙特男性拒绝做这项工作，因为他们认为这项工作低于他们的社会地位。根据短语refuse to do sth.表示"拒绝做某事"，后跟动词不定式作宾语，故填to do。
（4）driving.考查动名词。句意：沙特阿拉伯是世界上最后一个禁止女性开车的国家。根据短语stop sb.from doing意为"禁止某人做"符合句意，故填driving。
（5）the.考查冠词。句意：而且，女性在开车、获得工作或护照以及出国旅行之前，仍然必须获得男性亲属的许可。此处是特指沙特阿拉伯这个国家应用定冠词，故填the。
（6）who/that.考查定语从句。句意：对于许多注册成为司机的女性来说，这份工作提供了另一种收入来源和更大的财务独立性。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为women，在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
（7）independence.考查名词。句意：对于许多注册成为司机的女性来说，这份工作提供了另一种收入来源和更大的财务独立性。分析句子可知，此处作动词provides的宾语，名词作宾语，故填independence。
（8）with.考查介词。句意：然而，随着石油利润的增加，政府无法为越来越多的沙特人提供足够的就业机会。根据短语provide sb.with sth.表示"向某人提供某物"，故填with。
（9）announced.考查动词时态。句意：自9月份官方宣布将取消禁令以来，已有2000名女性登记成为司机。分析句子可知，when引导的是定语从句，修饰September，可知从句应用一般过去时，故填announced。
（10）have signed.考查动词时态。句意：近年来，数千名沙特年轻男子也加入了这一行列。时间状语为In recent years，句子用现在完成时，主语thousands of young Saudi men 为复数形式，故填have signed。
【点评】解答此类题目应先浏览全文，概括大意，再根据句子间的提示以及括号内的汉语提示或首字母提示，依据语法规则和行为逻辑来推测并填写合适的词语。
7．
Mascots for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games（残奥会）
A red lantern baby （1） called （call）"Shuey Rhon Rhon'"and（2） an energetic giant panda named "Bing Dwen Dwen"have been uncovered as the two mascots for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games.The mascots，known to people on Tuesday night at Beijing's Shougang Ice Hockey Arena， （3） are connected （connect）with the host nation's culture.
Beijing 2022 executive president Chen Jining explained the idea （4） clearly （clear）behind the design of the two mascots at the launch ceremony. "The two mascots put elements of traditional Chinese culture together （5） with a modern international style.They show the Chinese people's eager expectations for the Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games，and China's warm invitation to friends from all over the world，"said Chen， （6） who is also the mayor of Beijing.
"They are designed（7） to express （express）all the aspects of the Olympic spirit，including （8） wonderful （wonder）characteristics such as passion，perseverance，friendship and common understanding to actively engage the public.
The name "Bing DwenDwen"is a combination of several meanings in the Chinese language，with "Bing' the Chinese word for"ice"，and"Dwen Dwen" meaning （9） strength （strong）and liveliness.In the name"Shuey Rhon Rhon'"，"Shuey"is the Chinese word for"snow"and"Rhon Rhon'" （10） has （have）the meaning of tolerance（宽容）.
【答案】（1）called（2）an（3）are connected（4）clearly（5）with（6）who（7）to express（8）wonderful（9）strength（10）has
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了2022年北京冬奥会和残奥会的吉祥物。
【解答】（1）called.考查过去分词。句意：2022年北京冬奥会和残奥会的吉祥物是一只名叫"雪容融"的红灯笼宝宝和一只名叫"冰墩墩"的精力充沛的大熊猫。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，baby与call之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填called。
（2）an.考查冠词。句意：2022年北京冬奥会和残奥会的吉祥物是一只名叫"雪容融"的红灯笼宝宝和一只名叫"冰墩墩"的精力充沛的大熊猫。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，energetic为元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
（3）are connected.考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：周二晚上，人们在北京首钢冰球馆认识了这些吉祥物，它们与主办国的文化有关。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语The mascots为复数形式，与connect之间是被动关系，故填are connected。
（4）clearly.考查副词。句意：北京2022奥运会执行主席陈济宁在启动仪式上明确解释了这两个吉祥物设计背后的理念。此处用副词作状语修饰动词explained，故填clearly。
（5）with.考查介词。句意：这两个吉祥物将中国传统文化元素与现代国际风格结合在一起。together with表示"和...一起"符合句意，故填with。
（6）who.考查定语从句。句意：同时也是北京市长的陈说。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chen，在从句中作主语，故填who。
（7）to express.考查动词不定式。句意：它们旨在表达奥林匹克精神的各个方面，包括热情、毅力、友谊和共识等精彩特征，以积极吸引公众。此处用动词不定式表目的，故填to express。
（8）wonderful.考查形容词。句意：它们旨在表达奥林匹克精神的各个方面，包括热情、毅力、友谊和共识等精彩特征，以积极吸引公众。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词characteristics，故填wonderful。
（9）strength.考查不可数名词。句意："冰墩墩"这个名字在汉语中是多种含义的组合，"Bing"是汉语中"冰"的意思，"Dwen Dwen"表示力量和活力。结合句意可知，此处用不可数名词与liveliness并列作meaning的宾语，表示"力量"，故填strength。
（10）has.考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：在"雪容融"的名字中，"Shuey"是汉语中"雪"的意思，"Rhon Rhon"具有宽容的含义。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为"Rhon Rhon"，谓语动词用三单形式，故填has。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
8．Mr.Watson lived with his family in the woods.He owned a farm，which looked almost（1） deserted （desert）.Fortunately，he also had a cow producing milk every day.He exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby（2） for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what（3） was left （leave）.The cow was their only means of support，in fact.One day，the cow was eating grass（4） when it began to rain heavily.While（5） making （make） great efforts to run away，she fell off the hill and died.Then the Watsons had to make（6） a living without the cow.In order to support his family，Mr.Watson began to plant herbs and（7） vegetables （vegetable）.Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees（8） to sell （sell）the wood.Thinking about his children's clothes，he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around，he sold what he planted in the market where people from the towns met （9） regularly （regular）.Now it occurred to（10） him （he） that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【答案】（1）deserted（2）for（3）was left（4）when（5）making（6）a（7）vegetables（8）to sell（9）regularly（10）him
【分析】本文属于记叙文，讲述了Watson赖以为生的奶牛摔死以后，他努力开发自己的农场潜力得以生活下去的事情。
【解答】（1）deserted.考查形容词。句意：他拥有一个农场，看上去几乎荒无人烟。look"看起来"，为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，故填deserted．
（2）for.考查介词。句意：他在附近的城镇上把一些牛奶换成其他食物，用剩下的牛奶给家里做奶酪和黄油。根据句意和前面的exchange可知，此处考查短语exchange…for…"用…交换…"，故填for.
（3）was left.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他在附近的城镇上把一些牛奶换成其他食物，用剩下的牛奶给家里做奶酪和黄油。根据文章时态可知，应用一般过去时，主语为what，谓语动词应用单数，和leave之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，故填was left.
（4）when.考查连词。句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，突然下起了大雨。sb was doing sth when…"某人正在做某事，突然……"，固定句型，故填when．
（5）making.考查省略句。句意：当她努力逃跑时，她从山上摔下来，死了。当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且主要动词是be的某种形式的时候，可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略，这里省略了while后面的she was，故填making.
（6）a.考查冠词。句意：后来Watsons夫妇不得不在没有奶牛的情况下谋生。make a living"谋生"，固定短语，故填a.
（7）vegetables.考查名词。句意：为了养家糊口，Watson先生开始种植草药和蔬菜。vegetable"蔬菜"，可数名词，根据语境及and前的herbs可知，应用复数，故填vegetables.
（8）to sell.考查不定式。句意：由于这些植物生长需要花费一段时间，他开始砍伐树木来卖木材。此处是动词不定式做目的状语，表示他砍树来卖木材谋生，故填to sell.
（9）regularly.考查副词。句意：到了收获的季节，他把他种的东西拿到人们定期去的镇上的集市上去卖。修饰动词met应用副词，故填regularly.
（10）him.考查代词。句意：现在他突然想到，他的农场有很大的潜力，奶牛的死也算是一件幸运的事。It occurred to sb that…"某人突然想到……"，固定句式，介词to后为宾语，要用宾格，故填him.
【点评】语法填空题考查学生的语言综合运用能力。解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
9．（2021秋 天心区校级期末）The Youth Olympic Games are the youth version of the Olympic Games.Young athletes（1） aged （age）between 15 and 18 compete in a wide range of sports.The（2） majority （major）of these sports are identical to those at the Olympics but other sports，such as wushu，（3） have been added （add） too.The Youth Olympic Games give talented teenagers a chance（4） to connect （connect）with fellow athletes from diverse backgrounds.The focus is （5） on building bridges between different cultures，so there are competitions （6） featuring （feature）mixed teams，such as mixed swimming relays.In these competitions，both male and female athletes，sometimes of different nationalities，play side by side.
The first Youth Olympic Games （7） were held （hold）in Singapore in 2010，and China ranked first in the medal table with 30 gold medals.In 2014，Nanjing had（8） the honour of hosting the second Summer Youth Olympic Games.This was another great success and China （9） topped （top） the medal table again.
People across the world applaud athletes（10） who/that try hard to achieve sporting excellence.
【答案】（1）aged（2）majority（3）have been added（4）to connect（5）on（6）featuring（7）were held（8）the （9）topped（10）who/that
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了青少年奥林匹克运动会的比赛项目、运动员组成和中国运动员所取得的成就等信息。
【解答】（1）aged.考查形容词。句意：年龄在15到18岁之间的年轻运动员参加各种各样的运动项目。根据句意可知，"（age） between 15 and 18"是后置定语，修饰名词athletes，形容词aged意为"……岁"，只作后置定语。故填aged。
（2）majority.考查名词。句意：这些项目大部分与奥运会项目相同，但其他项目，如武术，也被添加进来。结合句意和空格前定冠词The可知，应填入名词majority作主语，且the majority of为固定短语，意为"……的大多数"。故填majority。
（3）have been added.考查动词时态及语态。句意：这些项目大部分与奥运会项目相同，但其他项目，如武术，也被添加进来。分析句子可知，提示词add是分句中谓语动词，结合句意，描述既定的事实对现在的影响，用现在完成时，add与主语other sports之间是被动关系，且主语是复数名词。综上，谓语动词用现在完成时被动语态，复数形式。故填have been added。
（4）to connect.考查动词不定式。句意：青年奥林匹克运动会为有才华的青少年提供了一个与来自不同背景的运动员联系的机会。分析句子可知，connect是非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词chance，且a chance to do...为固定搭配，意为"一个做……的机会"。故填to connect。
（5）on.考查介词。句意：比赛的重点是在不同文化之间搭建桥梁，所以有一些比赛以混合代表队为特色，如混合游泳接力赛。根据句意"重点在……之上"可知，应用介词on，其意为"在……之上"，且focus也常和介词on搭配。故填on。
（6）featuring.考查现在分词。句意：比赛的重点是在不同文化之间搭建桥梁，所以有一些比赛以混合代表队为特色，如混合游泳接力赛。分析句子可知，feature（以……为特色）作后置定语修饰名词competitions，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语competitions之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词，表示主动。故填featuring。
（7）were held.考查动词时态及语态。句意：2010年，首届青年奥林匹克运动会在新加坡举行，中国以30枚金牌名列奖牌榜第一。分析句子可知，hold（举行）是句中谓语动词，与主语The first Youth Olympic Games之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语in 2010，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语The first Youth Olympic Games是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故填were held。
（8）the .考查冠词。句意：2014年，南京有幸举办了第二届夏季青奥会。have the honour of doing是固定搭配，意为"有幸做……"。故填the。
（9）topped.考查动词时态。句意：这是又一次巨大的成功，中国再次荣登奖牌榜榜首。分析句子可知，top（居……之首）是分句中谓语动词，与主语China之间是主动关系，根据语境可知，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填topped。
（10）who/that.考查定语从句。句意：世界各地的人们为那些努力取得体育成就的运动员喝彩。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词athletes，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或者that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
10．（2020秋 武汉月考）Like many，Dean once viewed surfing as a lifestyle，not a sport.He came to it several years（1） after earning his graduate degree and going to work at a clinic."As I surfed more frequently，" he says，"I started to think about it （2） differently （different）﹣what do I need to do to catch more waves（3） and make more turns？"
Dean's clinical background was the key factor（4） that/which led him to begin reconsidering those ideas.When his son started catching waves with friends，he asked（5） more （many） questions：Why don't surfers train the way football players do？He（6） assessed （assess） the boys' movements on the water and developed conditioning plans involving unstable surfaces.He reviewed hours of video footage，（7） focusing （focus） on how their techniques could be improved.
Dean opened a surf club in 2010.Over the（8） years （year）he has trained Simpson，a US Open championship （9） winner （win），and other stars."My whole goal，" Dean says， "（10） is （be） to get top surfers to do what lots of major sports are already doing."
【答案】（1）after（2）differently（3）and（4）that/which（5）more（6）assessed（7）focusing（8）years（9）winner（10）is
【分析】本文为记叙文，文章主要讲了Dean从喜欢冲浪运动到开办冲浪俱乐部的过程。
【解答】（1）after.考查介词。句意：他是在获得研究生学位并在一家诊所工作几年之后，开始从事这项工作的。表示"在……之后"，用连词after，故填after。
（2）differently.考查副词。句意：我开始有了不同的想法。分析句子可知，此处修饰动词think，故用副词修饰动词，故填differently。
（3）and.考查连词。句意：我需要做些什么才能抓住更多的海浪，做更多的转弯？catch more waves和make more turns之间是并列关系，故填and。
（4）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：迪恩的临床背景是促使他开始重新考虑这些想法的关键因素。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为factor，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
（5）more.考查比较级。句意：当他的儿子开始和朋友们一起冲浪时，他问了更多的问题。根据Why don't surfers train the way football players do？可知他问了更多的问题。more更多的，故填more。
（6）assessed.考查动词时态。句意：他评估了男孩们在水面上的动作，并制定了涉及不稳定表面的调节计划。结合句意和developed 可知，此处用一般过去时，故填assessed。
（7）focusing.考查现在分词。句意：他回顾了数小时的视频片段，重点关注如何改进他们的技术。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，主语He与focus之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语，故填focusing。
（8）years.考查名词。句意：多年来，他训练了美国公开赛冠军辛普森和其他明星。year是可数名词，表示"他一直在训练辛普森的这些年"，是复数意义，用名词复数，故填years。
（9）winner.考查名词。句意：多年来，他训练了美国公开赛冠军辛普森和其他明星。分析句子可知，此处为Simpson的同位语，该空用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，故填winner。
（10）is.考查主谓一致。句意：迪恩说："我的全部目标是让顶级冲浪运动员做很多主要运动已经在做的事情。"描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时；主语My whole goal是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填is。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
11．Shawn Cheshire is a blind cyclist who competed in the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro，Brazil.She lost her ability （1） to see （see）after an accident nine years ago.She has tried to become as（2） independent （depend）as possible in the last few years.
She said that，（3） for a long time，she was in a really dark place and hated being blind.She said that sports and physical exercise gave （4） her （she）another opportunity at living.
Earlier this month，Cheshire crossed 68 kilometers of steep and uneven ground in the Grand Canyon（大峡谷）.She did so in 24 hours and 15 minutes，（5） which is believed to be a record for a blind hiker（徒步旅行者）.The （6） earlier （early）record of 28 hours（7） was set （set）in 2014.
Three friends helped her during the Grand Canyon hike.They walked several steps apart.They guided and warned her of （8） barriers （barrier）.She listened for and followed the sound of a bell（9） worn （wear）by the lead hiker.She used hiking poles for balance.
Cheshire and her friends finished the hike on October 8，2018.She said as the group neared（10） the end of the trip，"I had a huge ball of emotion welled up in my chest﹣I cannot believe we just did that."
【答案】（1）to see（2）independent（3）for（4）her（5）which（6）earlier（7）was set（8）barriers（9）worn（10）the
【分析】本文为记叙文，主要讲述了肖恩 切希尔是一名盲人自行车运动员，他参加了2016年巴西里约热内卢残奥会。
【解答】（1）to see.考查动词不定式。句意：九年前的一次事故后，她失去了视力。此处用动词不定式作定语修饰名词ability，故填to see。
（2）independent.考查形容词。句意：在过去的几年里，她一直试图变得尽可能独立。as...as中间用形容词或副词原级，此处用形容词作become的宾语，表示独立的，故填independent。
（3）for.考查介词。句意：她说，很长一段时间以来，她处在一个非常黑暗的地方，讨厌失明。固定搭配for a long time表示"很长时间"，故填for。
（4）her.考查人称代词。句意：她说运动和体育锻炼给了她另一个生活的机会。此处作动词gave的宾语，故用宾格形式，故填her。
（5）which.考查定语从句。句意：她在24小时15分钟内做到了这一点，这被认为是盲人徒步旅行者的记录。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一件事，在从句中作主语，故填which。
（6）earlier.考查比较级。句意：此前的28小时记录是在2014年创下的。结合句意可知，此处表示"早先的"，故填earlier。
（7）was set.考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：此前的28小时记录是在2014年创下的。时间状语为in 2014，句子用一般过去时，主语record与set之间是被动关系，且主语为单数形式，故填was set。
（8）barriers.考查可数名词的复数。句意：他们引导并提醒她障碍。结合句意可知，此处与名词的复数形式作介词of的宾语，表示泛指，故填barriers。
（9）worn.考查过去分词。句意：她倾听并跟随领队徒步者的铃声。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，bell与wear之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填worn。
（10）the.考查冠词。句意：当这群人接近行程终点时，她说。结合句意可知，此处表示特指，故用定冠词，故填the。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
12．When we think about the value of exercise，we tend to focus on the physical benefits.But over the past decade，social scientists（1） have discovered （discover）more benefits of regular exercise：its impact（2） on the way we think.Studies indicate that putting regular exercise into your routine（3） can improve concentration and memory and help lower stress.
There is also evidence（4） suggesting （suggest）that exercise during regular work hours may improve performance.Within the study，（5） researchers （research）had over 200 employees at a variety of companies self﹣report their performance on a daily basis.They found that（6） when employees visited the gym，their experience at work changed.（7） They reported managing their time more effectively，being more productive，and getting on well with their colleagues.（8） However ，many of us can't take exercise regularly.The reason is that we don't have the time.But let's be clear：（9） what we really mean when we say we don't have time for an activity is that we don't consider it a priority.Instead of viewing exercise as something we do for ourselves，it's time we（10） should start （start）considering physical activity as part of the work itself.
【答案】（1）have discovered（2）on（3）can（4）suggesting（5）researchers（6）when（7）They（8）However（9）what（10）should start
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述体育锻炼的好处。
【解答】（1）have discovered.考查动词时态。句意：但是在过去的十年里，社会学家发现了经常锻炼的更多好处：它对我们思维方式的影响。时间状语为over the past decade，句子用现在完成时，故填have discovered。
（2）on.考查介词。句意：但是在过去的十年里，社会学家发现了经常锻炼的更多好处：它对我们思维方式的影响。impact on...表示"对...的影响"，符合句意，故填on。
（3）can.考查情态动词。句意：研究表明，在日常生活中进行有规律的锻炼可以提高注意力和记忆力，有助于降低压力。can表示"能够，可以"，故填can。
（4）suggesting.考查现在分词。句意：还有证据表明，在正常工作时间锻炼可以提高工作表现。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，evidence与suggest之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，故填suggesting。
（5）researchers.考查名词。句意：在这项研究中，研究人员让不同公司的200多名员工每天自我报告他们的表现。结合句意可知，此处表示不止一个研究人员，故用名词的复数形式，故填researchers。
（6）when.考查时间状语从句。句意：他们发现，当员工参观健身房时，他们的工作经历发生了变化。分析句子可知，此处引导时间状语从句，表示"当...时候"，故填when。
（7）They.考查代词。句意：他们报告说，他们更有效地管理时间，更有效率，与同事相处融洽。结合句意可知，此处指代前文提到的researchers，且作主语，故填they。
（8）However.考查副词。句意：然而，我们中的许多人不能经常锻炼。结合句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填However。
（9）what.考查主语从句。句意：当我们说我们没有时间做活动时，我们真正的意思是我们不认为它是优先事项。分析句子可知，此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少mean的宾语，表示"意味的事情"，故填what。
（10）should start.考查虚拟语气。句意：与其把锻炼看成是我们自己做的事情，不如开始把体育锻炼作为工作本身的一部分。固定句式it is time that sb should do表示"该是做某事的时间"，故填should start。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
13．Sports should help a man to learn fairness，not only in games but also in life.If two teams play （1） a game，one team must lose.If a dozen （2） teams （team） attend an athletic competition，one team will get the most points and all the （3） other eleven teams will get fewer points.If a school team comes out last，that is no loss of face. （4） What that team and that school must do is to admit that it（5） has lost （lose）．The only intelligent reaction （6） to defeat must be：next year we will do our best to come out on top，because from now on we will devote（7） ourselves （our） to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.
Lessons （8） learned （learn） in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.But even more（9） valuable （value） are the lessons learned in extra﹣curricular activities in school：in speech，dramatic and musical contests，in "house" activities，and，（10） especially （especial），in the student council.
【答案】（1）a（2）teams（3）other（4）What（5）has lost（6）to（7）ourselves（8）learned（9）valuable（10）especially
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述体育运动可以帮助人们学会公平，努力提升自己，更重要的是体育能帮助人们正确处理人际关系。
【解答】（1）a.考查冠词。句意：如果两个队打一场比赛，一个队必须输。结合句意可知，此处泛指一场比赛，且game的发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填a。
（2）teams.考查名词。句意：如果有十二支球队参加一场体育比赛，其中一支球队得分最多，而其他十一支球队得分较少。a dozen表示"十二个"，后面跟可数名词复数，故填teams。
（3）other.考查限定词。句意：如果有十二支球队参加一场体育比赛，其中一支球队得分最多，而其他十一支球队得分较少。the other eleven剩下的十一个，符合句意，故填other。
（4）What.考查主语从句。句意：那个队和那个学校必须做的就是承认它输了。分析句子可知，此处引导主语从句，在从句中作do的宾语，表示"要做的事情"，故用what来引导，置于句首，首字母大写，故填What。
（5）has lost.考查动词时态。句意：那个队和那个学校必须做的就是承认它输了。结合句意可知，此处表示"这个学校的比赛队伍已经输了"，故用现在完成时，主语it为第三人称单数，故填has lost。
（6）to.考查介词。句意：对失败唯一明智的反应必须是：明年我们将尽最大努力脱颖而出，因为从现在起，我们将致力于在有能力的教练指导下进行更严格的培训。reaction to sth表示"对...的反应"，故填to。
（7）ourselves.考查反身代词。句意：对失败唯一明智的反应必须是：明年我们将尽最大努力脱颖而出，因为从现在起，我们将致力于在有能力的教练指导下进行更严格的培训。devote oneself to sth. /doing sth表示"全身心地投入到某事中去"符合句意，故填ourselves。
（8）learned.考查过去分词。句意：从体育运动中学到的经验可以帮助我们与他人打交道。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，lessons与learn之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填learned。
（9）valuable.考查形容词。句意：但更为宝贵的是在学校课外活动中学到的经验教训：演讲、戏剧和音乐比赛、"家庭"活动，尤其是学生会。此处表示"更有价值的是"，故用形容词，故填valuable。
（10）especially.考查副词。句意：但更为宝贵的是在学校课外活动中学到的经验教训：演讲、戏剧和音乐比赛、"家庭"活动，尤其是学生会。由句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，故填especially。
【点评】解答此类题目应先浏览全文，概括大意，再根据句子间的提示以及括号内的汉语提示或首字母提示，依据语法规则和行为逻辑来推测并填写合适的词语。
14．（2021秋 顺德区校级期中）People call Wilma Rudolph "the Black Pearl"， "the Black Gazelle" and "the fastest woman in the world".In 1960，she became the first American woman（1） to win （win） three gold medals in the Olympics.She was（2） an extraordinary American athlete.She also did a lot to help young athletes（3） succeed/to succeed （success）.
Wilma Rudolph was born（4） into/in/to a very large，poor，African﹣American family.She was the（5） twentieth （twenty） of twenty﹣two children.She was born too early and only （6） weighed （weigh） two kilograms.She had many （7） illnesses （illness） when she was very young，（8） including （include）pneumonia（肺炎） and scarlet fever（猩红热）.She also had polio（小儿麻痹症），（9） which damaged her left leg.When she was six years old，she began to wear metal leg braces because she could not use that leg.With her family's attention and care， （10） fortunately （fortunate），by the time she was nine years old，she no longer needed her leg braces.
【答案】（1）to win （2）an （3）succeed/to succeed （4）into/in/to （5）twentieth （6）weighed （7）illnesses（8）including （9）which （10）fortunately
【分析】本文讲述了美国女运动员威尔马.鲁道夫的个人成就和她的童年经历。
【解答】（1）to win.考查不定式。句意为：1960年，她成为美国第﹣位在一届奥运会上赢得三枚金牌的女性。在序数词或被序数词修饰的名词后常用不定式作定语。设空前有the first，故填to win。
（2）an.考查冠词。句意为：她是一位优秀的美国运动员。修饰表示职业身份的单数可数名词athlete，其前用不定冠词，表示"一位"。extraordinary 的发音以元音音素开头故用冠词an。故填an。
（3）succeed/to succeed.考查动词作宾补。句意为：她也做了很多事情来帮助年轻运动员取得成功。由help sb. （to） do sth.可知，用省略to或带to的动词不定式作宾补。故填succeed/to succeed。
（4）into/in/to.考查介词。句意为：威尔马.鲁道夫出生在一个贫穷的非洲裔美国人大家庭。be born into/in/to a…family 意为"出生于一个……的家庭"。故填into/in/too。
（5）twentieth.考查序数词。句意为：她是家里22 个孩子中的第20个。根据句意和the的提示可知用序数词，故填twentieth。
（6）weighed.考查时态。句意为：她是早产儿，出生时只有两千克重。weigh 表示……，是连系动词，不用被动语态。此处指出生时的重量，应当用一般过去时。故填weighed。
（7）illnesses.考查名词的数。句意：当她年幼时，她得过很多疾病，包括肺炎和猩红热病。illness表示几种病，可数，所以用复数。故填illnesses。
（8）including.考查介词。句意：当她年幼时，她得过很多疾病，包括肺炎和猩红热病。分析句子结构可知，此处应填介词including，意为"包括……在内"。故填including。
（9）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意为：她还得了小儿麻痹症，这个病损伤了她的左腿。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词polio 并在从句中作主语。故填which。
（10）fortunately.考查副词。句意为：幸运的是 ，在她的家人的关心和照顾下，在她九岁的时候她不再需要腿部支架了。设空处修饰整个句子作状语，应用副词。故填fortunately。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
15．（2019春 越秀区校级期中）Last weekend our school held a sports meeting.（1） Realizing （Realize） it was our last high school sports meeting， we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all us.
We first