【高考押题卷】2025年高考英语考前预测卷 语法填空（含答案与解析）
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高考英语考前押题卷 语法填空
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．The poem The Road Not Taken，is one of Frost's best﹣known poems not only because of its natural style，but also its（1） （thought） insights into human nature.Many readers think the words "paths" in the woods are often used to symbolize（2） their lives progress and change.The two roads diverging in a yellow wood means that life throws different（3） （alternative）at people （4） a daily basis and the greatest dilemmas（5） （arise） from moral problems when they are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
There's no doubt that different choices lead to different specific consequences.Once people make a decision，there is no going back for her or him.Though they may be free to choose which path（6） （take），people may wonder exactly what they are choosing between when presented with different choices.（7） （ultimate），the road ahead is a（8） （mix） of choice and chance.Part of decision﹣making is learning to make（9） most of decisions.Instead of looking back with regret，people are supposed to face their future with energy and optimism，for the choices are （10） （their） only.
2．At a time when we are all experiencing extraordinary level of stress，science offers a simple and effective way to improve our own emotional（情感的）health.
To help yourself， （1） （start） by helping others.
As（2） matter of fact，our bodies and minds benefit in a variety of（3） （way）when we help others.Some research has focused （4） the "helper's high".Studies show that volunteering，donating money，or even just thinking about donating money can release（释放）feel﹣good brain chemicals.
（5） （feel）responsible for other people also can help us deal with whatever challenges life brings.Emily Greenfield，an associate（6） （consult）of social work at Rutgers University，studied a concept called "felt obligation（义务），" which（7） （measure）by asking people questions such as how obligated they would feel to give money to a friend in need，even（8） it meant putting themselves in trouble.
As it turned out，the people who had higher levels of "felt obligation"﹣meaning they were the type of people to sacrifice for others﹣dealt （9） （well）with their own life challenges than others.
She （10） （note）that caring for others helped us to regulate our own motions and gain a sense of control.
3．Outer space has long been a mystery to us humans ，from which large numbers of imaginary tales arose. （1） now ，the rapid development of modern science and technology allows us to understand more and more about the whole universe.Furthermore ，（2） （equip）with advanced space facilities，we are capable of traveling in space ，（3） is the latest frontier to be explored.
It seems that humankind's passion for exploring space is reaching new heights.US space agency NASA and its Russian counterpart（职位相当的人）the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities have agreed（4） （ operate ） on building a station on the lunar orbit ，called " the deep space gateway" .The news（5） （ announce ） by representatives from both NASA and Ioscosmosnl September during the International Astronautical Congress in Australia.
The new structure will act （6） a way station for trips to the moon's surface，or even to more（7） （ distance ） places like Mars.
"The area of space near the moon （8） （offer ） a true deep space environment to gain experience for human missions that push （9） （ far ） into the solar system ， " NASA said in a statement.
（10） （ current ） ，the gateway is still in the concept stage，with governments and private partners working together to create it.If everything goes well ，it should be built soon.
4．Water doesn't currently exist on Mars' surface，but it used to.About 4 billion years ago，something happened to Mars' atmosphere，and most of the liquid water（1） （disappear）due to harmful radiation.But some of （2） may still be underground.Could those ancient water holes contain life？
China's Tianwen﹣1 mission will search（3） the existing water by radar fixed on the rover（月球车）.The European Space Agency's spacecraft found evidence for subsurface water，（4） （use） radar from space，but this will be the first time a rover has searched from the ground.
Tianwen﹣1 will also give China（5） （value）Mars experience and lay foundation for a sample return mission planned for（6） end of the 2020s.Getting Martian samples back to Earth is a top priority for the scientific community.Despite the impressive advances（7） （make） in placing science instruments on spacecraft，only the technology on Earth，（8） can test samples accurately，is to verify the presence or absence of life in a sample.
As of 2020，only NASA has landed and operated spacecraft on Mars（9） （successful）.More countries exploring Mars means more （10） （opportunity）for global cooperation.Space exploration brings out the best in us all.When more nations work together，everyone wins.
5．（2022春 虎丘区校级期中）Many of our beliefs about the universe are based on inductive reasoning，also known as the（1） （science） model.This means of arriving at the truth requires the observation of concrete events（2） （follow） by the development of a theory to explain（3） has been observed.In other words，it is a way to proceed from the particular to the general，from the specific to the abstract.However，it is in the nature of scientists to inquire（4） every possibility，and this means they often discover things no one has ever seen or noticed before.Our generalized theories therefore never cease to change.
In fact，most of our new knowledge（5） （gain） by the observation of things we have never seen before.Before the first black swan was seen，the assumption was that all swans were white（6） is known as the "black swan theory".How could we have known otherwise？There will always be "unknown unknowns" such as black swans， （7） some people criticize those who dare to suggest their（8） （exist）.We should always be objective and question what we think we know.
The world in the future is bound to be different from now. （9） much we understand，there will always be（10） remote possibility of discovering "a black swan".Accordingly，our comprehension of the world will change.Therefore，we should keep up with new developments in all domains of knowledge﹣"black swans" can change history.
6．（2022 湖南一模）Our sun is such a familiar sight in the sky（1） you might think stars like our sun are common across the universe.But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs，the tiniest and coolest（2） （one） out there.With only about 7% to 50% of the mass（3） our sun，red dwarfs generate as little as 1/10，000th the energy of the sun.This means their stores of hydrogen fuel（4） （consume） at a small amount of the rate that a star like the sun goes through.They give a little light so it is（5） （possible） to see them with the naked eyes.With red dwarfe（6） （burn） so slowly，their average lifetime is between 1 and 10 trillion （万亿）years，while the sun will survive for another 5 billion years.
Life on Earth（7） （exist） for about 4 billion years.Our sun will die one day，and thus we'll eventually either die out or leave Earth（8） （look） for a new place.About 5% of red dwarfs in（9） Milky Way，may host suitable，roughly Earth（10） （size） planets.
7．The sharing economy，represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber，is the latest fashion craze.But many supporters have overlooked the （1） （real）that this new business model is （2） （large） based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.
Airbnb is an internet﹣based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to （3） （stranger） for short stays.Uber is an internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars.
The good thing about the sharing economy is（4） it promotes the use of underused resources.Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms，and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while（5） （allow）guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those（6） （charge）by hotels.Uber offers prices that are competitive（7） standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.
But the downside of the sharing economy（8） （get）much less attention so far.Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels，and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually（9） important source of tax income.But many of Airbnb's customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.This downside of the sharing needs （10） （take）seriously.
8．With the development of science and technology，mobile payment is （1） （ popularity） in China.Recently our class（2） （ heated，discussion） about it and opinions are divided.
70% of the students are（3） （ favour） mobile payment.Firstly，it is easy to operate.
Secondly，consumers just need to take a smartphone with them（4） （ instead，cash）（5） （ convenient）.In addition，they can enjoy some discounts for mobile payment，which may reduce their financial burden.
However，about 30% of the students （6） （ opposed） mobile payment.First of all，they are concerned about its security.（7） （ likely） personal information could be leaked.Besides，they worry people tend to buy （8） （ more，need） by paying online.
From my perspective，I embrace the new trend.Undoubtedly，mobile payment will（9） （ contribute） an easier life and it will definitely improve our living standards.
9．（2022 山东模拟）Located in Ping Yao County，Shanxi Province，the Ancient City of Ping Yao well（1） （preserve） the historic form of the county﹣level cities of the Han people in China from the 14th to 20th century.
（2） （cover）an area of 225 hectares，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is（3） complete building complex including ancient walls，streets and lanes，shops，dwellings and temples.Its layout reflects（4） （perfect）the developments in architectural style and urban planning of the Han cities over more than five centuries.Particularly，from the 19th century to the early 20th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao was a（5） （finance）center for the whole of China.The nearly 4，000 existing shops and traditional dwellings in the town（6） are grand in form bear witness to Ping Yao's prosperity over a century.Wanfo Shrine，the main shrine of Zhenguo Temple，dating back to the Five Dynasties，is one of China's（7） （early）and most precious timber structure buildings in（8） （exist）.
（9） （found）in the 14th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is an outstanding example of Han cities.It keeps all the Han city features，provides a complete picture of the cultural，social，economic and religious development in Chinese history，（10） it is of great value for studying the social form，economic structure，military defense，religious belief，traditional thinking，traditional ethics and dwelling form.
10．（2018秋 宾阳县校级期末）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt．This trend，which was started by the medical community （医学界）（1） a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side（2） （effect）such as overweight and heart disease﹣﹣﹣﹣the very thing the medical community was trying to fight．
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet．They are required（3） （process）the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions．When fat and salt（4） （remove）from food，the food tastes as if is missing something．As（5） result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing．Even（6） （bad），the amount of fast food that people eat goes up．Fast food（7） （be） full of fat and salt；by（8） （eat） more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet．
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food．However，be（9） （care）not to go to extremes．Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，（10） is not good for the health．
11．（2022 南京模拟）Recently，the remains of a gold mask are among a huge pit （坑） of 3，000﹣year﹣old items found at an archaeological（考古的） site in China's Sichuan province. （1） （weigh） about 280 grams and estimated to have 84% gold，the gold mask is one of over 500 items unearthed from six （2） （new） discovered "sacrificial pits".
In addition to the gold mask，archaeologists uncovered bronzes，gold foils and items （3） （make） from ivory，jade and bone.The six pits also unearthed a mysterious wooden box and a bronze vessel （器皿） which are hard（4） （explain）.Since the 1920s，archaeologists （5） （discover） more than 50，000 ancient items at Sanxingdui.
The latest finds enrich and deepen archaeologists'（6） （understand） of how civilization developed in ancient China.In particular，evidence of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley， （7） was traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
Though not yet recognized （8） a UNESCO World Heritage Site，Sanxingdui is on the organization's "possible future list".Along with other Shu archaeological （9） （site），it is considered by the UN agency to be "（10） outstanding representative of the Bronze Age Civilization of China，East Asia and even the world".
12．There is a reason why we dream.Dreams aren't just a product（1） our brain develops while we sleep.There is something more to it than that.It's from reams that some of the greatest inventions of man have become a（2） （real）.
There（3） （be）a very simple exercise to start recalling your dreams.Before（4） （go）to bed，for at east 24 days，keep telling yourself，"I will remember all my dreams."（5） first，you may not see any results at all，but just insist.After a while you will（6） （probable）notice that vague（模糊的）memories of your dreams will stay in （7） （you）mind when you wake up.As you continue to do this，you will notice that it's not just one dream that comes back to you （8） a number of dreams.
Now the fun doesn't just stop there.Try to understand what your dreams mean，and see if it applies to something that is happening in your everyday life.Many of the （9） （problem）we struggle with have already been solved in our （10） （amaze）mind.These answers come to us in the form of dreams.
13．（2021秋 松江区期末）
Three Myths About Skin
We put importance into caring for skin since it's the first thing other people see.Skin might be one of the least correctly （1） （interpret） parts of our bodies.So today，I'd like to run through three myths we have about skin.
Myth No.1：Healthy skin is skin that looks perfect.When we talk of healthy skin，we（2） think of a clear and smooth surface.But skin is a living organ，（3） heart or lungs and any other complex organ，serving many functions，not just about what's going on at the surface.
Myth No.2：You only need sunscreen on sunny days.UV rays from the sun are so strong that（4） damage our cells' DNA.There are two types that affect the skin.UVA rays damage protein in skin，quickening the pace of aging.UVB rays，meanwhile，cook the outer layer of the skin，causing sunburn.（5） our cells can repair that damage to some extent，it accumulates over time，and can lead to skin cancer.When our skin （6） （expose） to UV rays，it gets darker，which is the way of showing it's been damaged.So by wearing sunscreen，even when it's cloudy，you are protecting yourself from sunburn，early aging and skin cancer.
Myth No.3：You can shrink pores.Pores are the tiny openings in our skin.They're （7） let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin.Pore size is largely determined by genes，（8） function is to carry information for particular characteristics，and rarely changes.In other words，pores don't really shrink.So stop （9） （spend） your money on pore minimizers and just wash your face with the products basically made from stuff that won't block pores.
Our skin is （10） amazing organ，so let's treat it right and forget about those myths，OK？
14．Tuesdays with Morrie deals with the meaning of life and how to live it.Some readers have given their reviews of this book.
In the view of Arthur K，the book is more about life than death.Being （1） （ weak） by a severe illness，Morrie anticipates his death and begins to observe everything as though through new eyes.Morrie's（2） （brave） towards the end of his life is inspirational，which （3） （ encourage） us to appreciate what we have and to make the most of each day.
For Amy Wang，this book gives her a （4） （ deep） insight into the world than ever and enables her （5） （ see） things from a different point of view.What Morrie says and does makes her realize that （6） （ make） a lot of money won't always make us happy and that it's up to us to find out （7） is important in our lives and establish our own （8） （ value）.
As far as Marty is concerned，the book is just made up of a collection of over﹣ emotional thoughts and messages ，many of which are repeated. （9） ，he recommends that people read it.After all，it is something that's a bit different.
In the eyes of Vivian，the book is about Morrie's reflections on love and friendship，teaching us to always keep in touch（10） the good people we meet as we go through life.
15．（2024春 广州期末）Recent months have seen a return of bike across China．With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of （1） （drive） to schools，to workplaces or to do sightseeing．The introduction of bike﹣sharing programs has brought the trend to a new level．
The bikes （2） （equip） with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user．They're popular among many Chinese people as they provide（3） effective solution in places （4） it's difficult to change from one kind of transport to another．Bike﹣sharing is a（5） （green） method of transportation and （6） （provide） a more friendly experience．
However，the programs have also led to problems such as （7） （legal） parking，deliberate （蓄意的） damaging and theft．To deal with these problems，the company came up with the idea of encouraging people（8） （return） the bikes to stations （9） rewarding free time for their next rides．Now，Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems，too．For example，Mobike sets a 100﹣point credit score for each user，with （10） （point） taken in the case of bad behavior．Once a score drops below 80，bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes，up from 0.5﹣1 yuan．
高考英语考前押题卷 语法填空
参考答案与试题解析
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．The poem The Road Not Taken，is one of Frost's best﹣known poems not only because of its natural style，but also its（1） thoughtful （thought） insights into human nature.Many readers think the words "paths" in the woods are often used to symbolize（2） how their lives progress and change.The two roads diverging in a yellow wood means that life throws different（3） alternation （alternative）at people （4） on a daily basis and the greatest dilemmas（5） arise （arise） from moral problems when they are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
There's no doubt that different choices lead to different specific consequences.Once people make a decision，there is no going back for her or him.Though they may be free to choose which path（6） to take （take），people may wonder exactly what they are choosing between when presented with different choices.（7） Ultimately （ultimate），the road ahead is a（8） mixture （mix） of choice and chance.Part of decision﹣making is learning to make（9） exactly most of decisions.Instead of looking back with regret，people are supposed to face their future with energy and optimism，for the choices are （10） their （their） only.
【答案】（1）thoughtful；（2）how；（3）alternation；（4）on；（5）arise；（6）to take；（7）Ultimately；（8）mixture；（9）exactly；（10）theirs.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了弗罗斯特最著名的诗歌之一《未走的路》以及作者对诗歌内涵的领悟：不同的选择导致不同的结果，但不管怎样，人们都要乐观面对。
【解答】（1）thoughtful.考查形容词。句意：《未走的路》是弗罗斯特最著名的诗歌之一，不仅因为其自然的风格，而且因为其对人性的深刻洞察。Insights是名词，前面需要形容词进行修饰，所以名词thought要转化为形容词形式。故填thoughtful.
（2）how.考查连接词。句意：许多读者认为树林里的"小路"这个词经常被用来象征他们生活是怎样进步和变化的。symbolize"象征"是及物动词，该词后接的是宾语从句，根据句意理解应该用how来引导，并在从句中作方式状语。故填how.
（3）alternation.考查名词。句意：黄树林里分出的两条路意味着生活每天抛给人们不同的选择。different是形容词，后接名词，所以形容词alternative"供选择的"要转化为相应的名词。故填alternation.
（4）on.考查介词。句意：黄树林里分出的两条路意味着生活每天抛给人们不同的选择。on a daily basis"每天"是固定词组，作时间状语。故填on.
（5）arise.考查时态与主谓一致。句意：当他们不确定哪个选择会导致做出正确的事情时，最大的困境产生于道德问题。dilemmas是dilemma"困境"的复数形式，所以主语 the greatest dilemmas是复数；该句that后用并列连词and连接了两个宾语从句，前一个谓语动词使用了throws ，说明是一般现在时。故arise要使用一般现在时。故填arise.
（6）to take.考查动词不定式。句意：虽然他们可以自由选择走哪条路，但当面对不同的选择时，人们可能会想知道他们到底要选择什么。分析句子可知，及物动词choose后的宾语是"疑问词+动词不定式"结构；根据句意要填to take，take与逻辑主语path是主谓关系。which path to take"走那条路"。故填to take.
（7）Ultimately.考查副词。句意：最终，前方的道路是选择和机遇的混合。Ultimate"最终的"是形容词；该空后有逗号，说明需要副词，修饰后面的句子。故填Ultimately.
（8）mixture.考查名词。句意：最终，前方的道路是选择和机遇的混合。该空前不定冠词a及后面"﹣﹣﹣of﹣﹣﹣（﹣﹣﹣的﹣﹣﹣）"，都说明该空处需要名词，所以动词mix"混合"要转化为相应的名词。故填mixture.
（9）exactly.考查副词。句意：做决定的一部分就是学会准确地做出大部分决定。根据该句句意理解及后句的"与其后悔地回顾过去"可知，此处需要副词exactly"准确地"，才符合句意。故填exactly.
（10）theirs.考查名词性物主代词。句意：与其后悔地回顾过去，人们应该充满活力和乐观地面对未来，因为这些选择仅仅只是他们的选择。only"仅仅，只"是副词，放在句尾修饰句子；根据句意理解可知，该空处表示"他们的选择"，所以用名词性物主代词theirs，相当于their choices.故填theirs.
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性、时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
2．At a time when we are all experiencing extraordinary level of stress，science offers a simple and effective way to improve our own emotional（情感的）health.
To help yourself， （1） start （start） by helping others.
As（2） a matter of fact，our bodies and minds benefit in a variety of（3） ways （way）when we help others.Some research has focused （4） on the "helper's high".Studies show that volunteering，donating money，or even just thinking about donating money can release（释放）feel﹣good brain chemicals.
（5） Feeling （feel）responsible for other people also can help us deal with whatever challenges life brings.Emily Greenfield，an associate（6） consultant （consult）of social work at Rutgers University，studied a concept called "felt obligation（义务），" which（7） is measured （measure）by asking people questions such as how obligated they would feel to give money to a friend in need，even（8） if it meant putting themselves in trouble.
As it turned out，the people who had higher levels of "felt obligation"﹣meaning they were the type of people to sacrifice for others﹣dealt （9） better （well）with their own life challenges than others.
She （10） noted （note）that caring for others helped us to regulate our own motions and gain a sense of control.
【答案】（1）start（2）a（3）ways（4）on（5）Feeling（6）consultant（7）is measured（8）if（9）better（10）noted
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了在我们都面临巨大压力的时候，科学提供了一种简单有效的方法来改善我们自己的情绪健康。
【解答】（1）start.考查祈使句。句意：要帮助自己，从帮助别人开始。分析句子可知，此处为祈使句，故用动词原形开头，故填start。
（2）a.考查冠词。句意：事实上，当我们帮助他人时，我们的身体和思想会以各种方式受益。as a matter of fact表示"事实上"符合句意，故填a。
（3）ways.考查可数名词的复数。句意：事实上，当我们帮助他人时，我们的身体和思想会以各种方式受益。way为可数名词，空前有a variety of修饰，故用名词的复数形式，故填ways。
（4）on.考查介词。句意：一些研究集中在"帮助者的高潮"上。focus on表示"集中于"符合句意，故填on。
（5）Feeling.考查动名词。句意：对他人负责也能帮助我们应对生活带来的任何挑战。此处用动名词作主语，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Feeling。
（6）consultant.考查可数名词的单数。句意：罗格斯大学（Rutgers University）社会工作副顾问艾米丽 格林菲尔德（EmilyGreenfield）研究了一个名为"感受到的义务"的概念，这个概念是通过向人们提出一些问题来衡量的，比如他们有多大义务给有需要的朋友捐款，即使这意味着给自己带来麻烦。结合句意和an可知，此处用名词的单数形式，表示"顾问"，故填consultant。
（7）is measured.考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：罗格斯大学（Rutgers University）社会工作副顾问艾米丽 格林菲尔德（EmilyGreenfield）研究了一个名为"感受到的义务"的概念，这个概念是通过向人们提出一些问题来衡量的，比如他们有多大义务给有需要的朋友捐款，即使这意味着给自己带来麻烦。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语which指代先行词a concept，为单数形式，且与measure之间是被动关系，故填is measured。
（8）if.考查固定短语。句意：罗格斯大学（Rutgers University）社会工作副顾问艾米丽 格林菲尔德（EmilyGreenfield）研究了一个名为"感受到的义务"的概念，这个概念是通过向人们提出一些问题来衡量的，比如他们有多大义务给有需要的朋友捐款，即使这意味着给自己带来麻烦。even if表示"即使"，引导让步状语从句，故填if。
（9）better.考查比较级。句意：事实证明，那些"感受到义务"程度较高的人﹣﹣也就是说，他们是那种为他人做出牺牲的人﹣﹣比其他人更好地应对自己的生活挑战。结合句意和than可知，此处用比较级，故填better。
（10）noted.考查动词时态。句意：她指出，关心他人有助于我们调节自己的动作，获得控制感。结合句意和helped可知，此处用一般过去时，故填noted。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
3．Outer space has long been a mystery to us humans ，from which large numbers of imaginary tales arose. （1） But now ，the rapid development of modern science and technology allows us to understand more and more about the whole universe.Furthermore ，（2） equipped （equip）with advanced space facilities，we are capable of traveling in space ，（3） which is the latest frontier to be explored.
It seems that humankind's passion for exploring space is reaching new heights.US space agency NASA and its Russian counterpart（职位相当的人）the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities have agreed（4） to operate （ operate ） on building a station on the lunar orbit ，called " the deep space gateway" .The news（5） was announced （ announce ） by representatives from both NASA and Ioscosmosnl September during the International Astronautical Congress in Australia.
The new structure will act （6） as a way station for trips to the moon's surface，or even to more（7） distant （ distance ） places like Mars.
"The area of space near the moon （8） offers （offer ） a true deep space environment to gain experience for human missions that push （9） farther （ far ） into the solar system ， " NASA said in a statement.
（10） Currently （ current ） ，the gateway is still in the concept stage，with governments and private partners working together to create it.If everything goes well ，it should be built soon.
【答案】（1）But（2）equipped（3）which（4）to operate（5）was announced（6）as（7）distant（8）offers（9）farther（10）Currently
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美俄将联合在月球轨道上建造航天站的有关内容。
【解答】（1）But.考查连词。句意：但是现在，现代科学技术的快速发展让我们越来越多地了解整个宇宙。根据上下文语境可判断，空处表示转折应用连词but。句首字母要大写。故填But。
（2）equipped.考查过去分词。句意：此外，配备先进的太空设施，我们有能力在太空旅行，这是最新的探索前沿。分析句子结构可知equip在句中做非谓语，且与句子主语we构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词﹣ed形式。故填equipped。
（3）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：此外，配备先进的太空设施，我们有能力在太空旅行，这是最新的探索前沿。本句为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词space，且先行词在从句中作主语，指"空间"故用which。故填which。
（4）to operate.考查动词不定式。句意：美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和俄罗斯国家航天活动公司（Roscosmos State Corporation for space Activities）已同意在月球轨道上建造一个名为"深空门户"的空间站。根据短语agree to do sth.表示"商定做某事"。故填to operate。
（5）was announced.考查动词时态语态主谓一致。句意：这一消息是由美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和俄罗斯国际航天公司（Ioscosmosnl）的代表9月在澳大利亚举行的国际宇航大会上宣布的。根据时间状语in September可知应用一般过去时，且announce作谓语与主语The news之间是被动关系。且主语为news，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was announced。
（6）as.考查介词。句意：这座新建筑将作为前往月球表面，甚至更远的地方如火星的中转站。根据短语act as...表示"充当……，当作……"。故填as。
（7）distant.考查形容词。句意：这座新建筑将作为前往月球表面，甚至更远的地方如火星的中转站。此处修饰名词places应用形容词distant，表示"遥远的"。故填distant。
（8）offers.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：月球附近的太空区域提供了一个真正的深空环境，为人类进一步推进太阳系的任务获取经验。此处引用了NASA声明的原文应用一般现在时，且主语是The area，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填offers。
（9）farther.考查比较级。句意：NASA在一份声明中说："月球附近的空间区域提供了一个真正的深空环境，为人类向太阳系深处推进的任务积累经验。"此处指"向太阳系更远处推进"应用比较级farther。故填farther。
（10）Currently.考查副词。句意：目前，该门户仍处于概念阶段，政府和私人合作伙伴共同努力创建它。位于句首修饰整个句子应用副词currently，表示"目前"。句首字母要大写。故填Currently。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
4．Water doesn't currently exist on Mars' surface，but it used to.About 4 billion years ago，something happened to Mars' atmosphere，and most of the liquid water（1） disappeared （disappear）due to harmful radiation.But some of （2） it may still be underground.Could those ancient water holes contain life？
China's Tianwen﹣1 mission will search（3） for the existing water by radar fixed on the rover（月球车）.The European Space Agency's spacecraft found evidence for subsurface water，（4） using （use） radar from space，but this will be the first time a rover has searched from the ground.
Tianwen﹣1 will also give China（5） valuable （value）Mars experience and lay foundation for a sample return mission planned for（6） the end of the 2020s.Getting Martian samples back to Earth is a top priority for the scientific community.Despite the impressive advances（7） made （make） in placing science instruments on spacecraft，only the technology on Earth，（8） which can test samples accurately，is to verify the presence or absence of life in a sample.
As of 2020，only NASA has landed and operated spacecraft on Mars（9） successfully （successful）.More countries exploring Mars means more （10） opportunities （opportunity）for global cooperation.Space exploration brings out the best in us all.When more nations work together，everyone wins.
【答案】（1）disappeared（2）it（3）for（4）using（5）valuable（6）the（7）made（8）which（9）successfully（10）opportunities
【分析】本文是记叙文，主要描述了不同国家探索火星的方法。
【解答】（1）disappeared.考查时态。句意：由于有害的辐射，大部分液态水消失了。根据前文的时间About 4 billion years ago，可知此处是描述过去发生的事情，需要用一般过去时，故填disappeared。
（2）it.考查代词。句意：但是有些液态水仍然在地下。根据句意，此处指代前文的liquid water，water是不可数名词，需要用it来指代，故填it。
（3）for.考查介词。句意：中国的"天问一号"任务将通过固定在月球车上的雷达来寻找现有的水。search for表示"寻找"，是固定搭配，故填for。
（4）using.考查现在分词。句意：欧洲航天局的航天器利用来自太空的雷达发现了地表水存在的证据。此处前后句没有连接词连接，且后半句没有主语，所以use是非谓语动词，use和逻辑主语The European Space Agency's spacecraft之间是主动关系，需要用现在分词表示主动，故填using。
（5）valuable.考查形容词。句意：天问一号还将为中国提供宝贵的火星经验，并为计划于本世纪20年代末进行的样本返回任务奠定基础。此处需要用形容词做定语，修饰名词experience，故填valuable。
（6）the.考查冠词。句意：天问一号还将为中国提供宝贵的火星经验，并为计划于本世纪20年代末进行的样本返回任务奠定基础。the end of...表示"在……末"，是固定搭配，故填the。
（7）made.考查过去分词。句意：尽管在航天器上放置科学仪器方面取得了令人印象深刻的进步，但只有地球上能够准确测试样本的技术，才能验证样本中是否存在生命。此make与逻辑后主语语advances是被动关系，故此处用过去分词做后置定语，修饰名词advances，故填made。
（8）which.考查定语从句。句意：尽管在航天器上放置科学仪器方面取得了令人印象深刻的进步，但只有地球上能够准确测试样本的技术，才能验证样本中是否存在生命。本句是定语从句，从句修饰名词 technology，technology是物，在从句中做主语，且本句是非限制性定语从句，关系词不能用that，故填which。
（9）successfully.考查副词。句意：截至2020年，只有美国国家航空航天局（NASA）在火星上成功着陆并操作了航天器。此处需要副词来修饰动词land和operate，故填successfully。
（10）opportunities.考查可数名词的复数。句意：更多的国家探索火星意味着更多的全球合作机会。根据前文的More countries，可知此处机会应该用复数，和前文对应，故填opportunities。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
5．（2022春 虎丘区校级期中）Many of our beliefs about the universe are based on inductive reasoning，also known as the（1） scientific （science） model.This means of arriving at the truth requires the observation of concrete events（2） followed （follow） by the development of a theory to explain（3） what has been observed.In other words，it is a way to proceed from the particular to the general，from the specific to the abstract.However，it is in the nature of scientists to inquire（4） into every possibility，and this means they often discover things no one has ever seen or noticed before.Our generalized theories therefore never cease to change.
In fact，most of our new knowledge（5） is gained （gain） by the observation of things we have never seen before.Before the first black swan was seen，the assumption was that all swans were white（6） which is known as the "black swan theory".How could we have known otherwise？There will always be "unknown unknowns" such as black swans， （7） though some people criticize those who dare to suggest their（8） existence （exist）.We should always be objective and question what we think we know.
The world in the future is bound to be different from now. （9） However much we understand，there will always be（10） a remote possibility of discovering "a black swan".Accordingly，our comprehension of the world will change.Therefore，we should keep up with new developments in all domains of knowledge﹣"black swans" can change history.
【答案】（1）scientific（2）followed（3）what（4）into（5）is gained（6）which（7）though（8）existence（9）However（10）a
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在科学领域我们应该持续观察，不断探索，勇于发现"黑天鹅"。
【解答】（1）scientific.考查形容词。句意：我们对宇宙的许多信念都是基于归纳推理，也被称为科学模型。此处修饰名词model，用形容词scientific（科学的），作定语。故填scientific。
（2）followed.考查过去分词。句意：这种获得真理的方法需要用对跟随一种理论发展而来的具体事件的观察来解释所观察到的东西。此处与events是被动关系，用过去分词followed（跟随），作定语。故填followed。
（3）what.考查宾语从句。句意：这种获得真理的方法需要用对跟随一种理论发展而来的具体事件的观察来解释所观察到的东西。此处是宾语从句，并且在从句中作主语，应用what引导，指代"观察到的东西"。故填what。
（4）into.考查介词。句意：然而，科学家的本质是探究每一种可能性，这意味着他们经常发现以前从未见过或注意到的东西。固定短语inquire into（探究），后接every possibility作介词into的宾语。故填into。
（5）is gained.考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：事实上，我们的大部分新知识都是通过观察我们从未见过的事物而获得的。此处用谓语动词，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时态；根据句意及介词by可知，本句要用被动语态be done；又因为主语是不可数名词knowledge（知识） ，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填is gained。
（6）which.考查定语从句。句意：在看到第一只黑天鹅之前，人们假设所有的天鹅都是白色的，这被称为"黑天鹅理论"。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（7）though.考查让步状语从句。句意：总会有"未知的未知数"，比如黑天鹅，尽管有些人批评那些胆敢暗示它们存在的人。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处使用从属连词though（尽管）引导让步状语从句。故填though。
（8）existence.考查不可数名词。句意：总会有"未知的未知数"，比如黑天鹅，尽管有些人批评那些胆敢暗示它们存在的人。此处作动词suggest的宾语，应用名词existence（存在），不可数。故填existence。
（9）However.考查让步状语从句。句意：无论我们了解多少，发现"黑天鹅"的可能性总是微乎其微的。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处使用连接副词however引导让步状语从句表示"无论了解多少"，故填However。
（10）a.考查冠词。句意：无论我们了解多少，发现"黑天鹅"的可能性总是微乎其微的。此处泛指"一种可能性"，应用不定冠词，remote是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
6．（2022 湖南一模）Our sun is such a familiar sight in the sky（1） that you might think stars like our sun are common across the universe.But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs，the tiniest and coolest（2） ones （one） out there.With only about 7% to 50% of the mass（3） of our sun，red dwarfs generate as little as 1/10，000th the energy of the sun.This means their stores of hydrogen fuel（4） are consumed （consume） at a small amount of the rate that a star like the sun goes through.They give a little light so it is（5） impossible （possible） to see them with the naked eyes.With red dwarfe（6） burning （burn） so slowly，their average lifetime is between 1 and 10 trillion （万亿）years，while the sun will survive for another 5 billion years.
Life on Earth（7） has existed/has been existing （exist） for about 4 billion years.Our sun will die one day，and thus we'll eventually either die out or leave Earth（8） to look （look） for a new place.About 5% of red dwarfs in（9） the Milky Way，may host suitable，roughly Earth（10） sized （size） planets.
【答案】（1）that（2）ones（3）of（4）are consumed（5）impossible（6）burning（7）has existed/has been existing（8）to look（9）the（10）sized
【分析】本文对太阳和红矮星进行了比较，比较了它们的质量、消耗速度以及寿命。
【解答】（1）that.考查固定搭配。句意：我们的太阳是天空中如此熟悉的景象，你可能会认为像我们的太阳这样的星星在整个宇宙中都很常见。such…that如此……以致于，为固定搭配，故填that.
（2）ones.考查代词。句意：但宇宙中至少有70%的恒星是红矮星，是最微小、最冷的恒星。表示"stars"，所以用ones代替，所以用故填ones.
（3）of.考查名词所有格。句意：红矮星只有太阳质量的7%到50%，产生的能量只有太阳的1/10000。表示"……的"，所以用of表示所有格，故填of.
（4）are consumed.考查语态和主谓一致。句意：这意味着他们储存的氢燃料的消耗速度与太阳这样的恒星的消耗速度相当。表示"被消耗"，所以用被动语态，主语为复数名词，故填are consumed.
（5）impossible.考查形容词。句意：它们发出一点光，所以用肉眼是看不见的。作表语，所以用形容词，表示"不可能的"，故填impossible.
（6）burning.考查现在分词。句意：由于红矮星燃烧如此缓慢，它们的平均寿命在1到10万亿年之间，而太阳将再存活50亿年。with的宾语和burn之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补，故填burning.
（7）has existed/has been existing.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：地球上的生命已经存在了大约40亿年。表示到现在为止，所以用现在完成时态，也可以表示一直，所以用现在完成进行时态，主语为单数名词，故填has existed/has been existing.
（8）to look.考查不定式。句意：我们的太阳总有一天会消亡，因此我们最终要么消亡，要么离开地球去寻找一个新的地方。不定式作目的状语，故填to look.
（9）the.考查冠词。句意：银河系中大约5%的红矮星可能拥有合适的、大致地球大小的行星。由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面加定冠词，故填the.
（10）sized.考查形容词。句意：银河系中大约5%的红矮星可能拥有合适的、大致地球大小的行星。作定语，所以用形容词，表示"有……大小的"，故填sized.
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
7．The sharing economy，represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber，is the latest fashion craze.But many supporters have overlooked the （1） reality （real）that this new business model is （2） largely （large） based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.
Airbnb is an internet﹣based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to （3） strangers （stranger） for short stays.Uber is an internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars.
The good thing about the sharing economy is（4） that it promotes the use of underused resources.Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms，and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while（5） allowing （allow）guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those（6） charged （charge）by hotels.Uber offers prices that are competitive（7） with standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.
But the downside of the sharing economy（8） has got （get）much less attention so far.Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels，and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually（9） an important source of tax income.But many of Airbnb's customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.This downside of the sharing needs （10） to be taken （take）seriously.
【答案】（1）reality（2）largely（3）strangers（4）that（5）allowing（6）charged（7）with（8）has got（9）an（10）to be taken
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了共享经济的好处。
【解答】（1）reality.考查可数名词的单数。句意：但许多支持者忽视了一个事实，即这种新的商业模式主要是基于逃避监管和违法。结合句意可知，此处表示单数含义，故用名词的单数形式，表示"事实"，故填reality。
（2）largely.考查副词。句意：但许多支持者忽视了一个事实，即这种新的商业模式主要是基于逃避监管和违法。此处用副词作状语修饰动词based，故填largely。
（3）strangers.考查可数名词的复数。句意：Airbnb是一项基于互联网的服务，允许人们将多余的房间出租给陌生人，以便短期停留。结合句意可知，此处表示不止一个陌生人，故用名词的复数形式，故填strangers。
（4）that.考查表语从句。句意：共享经济的好处在于它促进了未充分利用资源的利用。分析句子可知，此处引导is的表语从句，从句中不缺成分和含义，故填that。
（5）allowing.考查现在分词。句意：数以百万计的人拥有空房的房屋或公寓，Airbnb让他们可以从这些房间中获利，同时让客人以远低于酒店收费的价格入住。此处为while引导的时间状语从句的省略，省略了主语Airbnb与be动词，且主语Airbnb与allow之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式，故填allowing。
（6）charged.考查过去分词。句意：数以百万计的人拥有空房的房屋或公寓，Airbnb让他们可以从这些房间中获利，同时让客人以远低于酒店收费的价格入住。此处为非谓语动词作定语，those与charge之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填charged。
（7）with.考查介词。句意：优步提供的价格与标准出租车价格具有竞争力，而且他们的司机通常更快、更值得信赖。be competitive with表示"与...相比"符合句意，故填with。
（8）has got.考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：但到目前为止，共享经济的负面影响还没有得到足够的关注。时间状语为so far，句子用现在完成时，主语为the downside of the sharing economy，谓语动词用三单形式，故填has got。
（9）an.考查冠词。句意：大多数城市和州都对酒店征税和监管，而住在酒店的游客通常是税收收入的重要来源。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，important为元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
（10）to be taken.考查动词不定式及语态。句意：分享的这个缺点需要认真对待。need to do表示"需要做某事"，This downside of the sharing与take之间是被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动语态，故填to be taken。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
8．With the development of science and technology，mobile payment is （1） popular （ popularity） in China.Recently our class（2） has had a heated discussion （ heated，discussion） about it and opinions are divided.
70% of the students are（3） in favour of （ favour） mobile payment.Firstly，it is easy to operate.
Secondly，consumers just need to take a smartphone with them（4） instead of cash （ instead，cash）（5） for convenience （ convenient）.In addition，they can enjoy some discounts for mobile payment，which may reduce their financial burden.
However，about 30% of the students （6） are opposed to （ opposed） mobile payment.First of all，they are concerned about its security.（7） It is likely that （ likely） personal information could be leaked.Besides，they worry people tend to buy （8） more than needed （ more，need） by paying online.
From my perspective，I embrace the new trend.Undoubtedly，mobile payment will（9） contribute to （ contribute） an easier life and it will definitely improve our living standards.
【答案】（1）popular（2）has had a heated discussion（3）in favour of（4）instead of cash（5）for convenience（6）are opposed to（7）It is likely that（8）more than needed（9）contribute to
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着科技的发展，移动支付在中国越来越流行，对此出现了两种观点。
【解答】（1）popular.考查形容词。句意：随着科技的发展，移动支付在中国越来越流行。作表语，所以用形容词，故填popular。
（2）has had a heated discussion.考查动词短语以及时态和主谓一致。句意：最近我们班对此进行了热烈的讨论，意见有分歧。recently常和现在完成时态连用，表示"激烈的讨论"用a heated discussion，主语为our class，指整体，故填has had a heated discussion。
（3）in favour of.考查固定搭配。句意：70%的学生支持移动支付。表示"支持"，用介词短语in favour of作表语，故填in favour of。
（4）instead of cash.考查固定搭配。句意：其次，消费者只需要带一部智能手机，而不是现金，方便。表示"而不是现金"，故填instead of cash。
（5）for convenience.考查固定搭配。句意：其次，消费者只需要带一部智能手机，而不是现金，方便。表示"为了方便"，故填for convenience。
（6）are opposed to.考查固定搭配以及时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，约30%的学生反对移动支付。表示"反对"，所以用固定搭配be opposed to，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为分数，分数作主语，谓语动词和名词一致，此处名词为students，故填are opposed to。
（7）It is likely that.考查固定搭配。句意：个人信息很有可能被泄露。表示"可能"，后面是个句子，所以用固定句型"It is likely that"，故填It is likely that。
（8）more than needed.考查固定搭配。句意：此外，他们担心人们倾向于通过网上支付购买不必要的东西。表示"比所需要的"，故填more than needed。
（9）contribute to.考查动词短语作谓语。句意：毫无疑问，移动支付将有助于更轻松的生活，它肯定会提高我们的生活水平。表示"有助于"，用固定搭配contribute to，前面有will，所以用动词原形，故填contribute to。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
9．（2022 山东模拟）Located in Ping Yao County，Shanxi Province，the Ancient City of Ping Yao well（1） preserves （preserve） the historic form of the county﹣level cities of the Han people in China from the 14th to 20th century.
（2） Covering （cover）an area of 225 hectares，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is（3） a complete building complex including ancient walls，streets and lanes，shops，dwellings and temples.Its layout reflects（4） perfectly （perfect）the developments in architectural style and urban planning of the Han cities over more than five centuries.Particularly，from the 19th century to the early 20th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao was a（5） financial （finance）center for the whole of China.The nearly 4，000 existing shops and traditional dwellings in the town（6） which are grand in form bear witness to Ping Yao's prosperity over a century.Wanfo Shrine，the main shrine of Zhenguo Temple，dating back to the Five Dynasties，is one of China's（7） earliest （early）and most precious timber structure buildings in（8） existence （exist）.
（9） Founded （found）in the 14th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is an outstanding example of Han cities.It keeps all the Han city features，provides a complete picture of the cultural，social，economic and religious development in Chinese history，（10） and it is of great value for studying the social form，economic structure，military defense，religious belief，traditional thinking，traditional ethics and dwelling form.
【答案】（1）preserves（2）Covering（3）a（4）perfectly（5）financial（6）which（7）earliest（8）existence（9）Founded（10）and
【分析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了位于山西省平遥县的平遥古城相关情况。
【解答】（1）preserves.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：平遥古城位于山西省平遥县，完好地保存了14至20世纪中国汉族县级城市的历史形态。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中充当谓语动词，结合句意可知句子内容讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语the Ancient City of Ping Yao为第三人称单数。故填preserves。
（2）Covering.考查现在分词。句意：平遥古城占地225公顷，是一个完整的建筑群，包括古城墙、街巷、商店、民居和寺庙。分析句子可知，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is（3）complete building complex为主句，且与设空处用逗号隔开，没有连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式，动词cover"覆盖"与其逻辑主语the Ancient City of Ping Yao是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。该空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。
（3）a.考查冠词。句意：平遥古城占地225公顷，是一个完整的建筑群，包括古城墙、街巷、商店、民居和寺庙。根据句意可知，此处是指"平遥古城是一个完整的建筑群"，complex"建筑群"是单数，故该空表泛指，complete以辅音音素开头。故填a。
（4）perfectly.考查副词。句意：它的布局完美地反映了五个多世纪以来汉族城市的建筑风格和城市规划的发展。结合句意可知，该空修饰谓语动词reflects，故应使用副词。故填perfectly。
（5）financial.考查形容词。句意：特别是从19世纪到20世纪初，平遥古城是整个中国的金融中心。结合句意可知，该空修饰名词center，故应使用形容词。finance"金融"的形容词是financial"金融的"。故填financial。
（6）which.考查定语从句。句意：镇上现存的近4000家规模宏大的商店和传统民居见证了平遥一个多世纪的繁荣。分析句子结构可知，该句主语是The nearly 4，000 existing shops and traditional dwellings in the town，谓语是bear witness to"见证，表明"，（6）are grand in form为定语从句，先行词就是该句主语，指物，且在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
（7）earliest.考查形容词最高级。句意：万佛寺是振国寺的主祠，始建于五代，是中国现存最早、最珍贵的木结构建筑之一。根据句中出现的"one of +形容词最高级+名词复数"表示"最......的之一"结构可知，此处应填形容词最高级。故填earliest。
（8）existence.考查不可数名词。句意：万佛寺是振国寺的主祠，始建于五代，是中国现存最早、最珍贵的木结构建筑之一。该空为介词in的宾语，故应填名词。exist为动词，意为"存在"，其名词是existence，意为"存在"，不可数名词。故填existence。
（9）Founded.考查过去分词。句意：平遥古城建于14世纪，是汉代城市的杰出代表。分析句子结构可知，该句主句为the Ancient City of Ping Yao is an outstanding example of Han cities，且与设空处用逗号隔开，没有连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式，动词found"建立"与其逻辑主语the Ancient City of Ping Yao之间是被动关系，故应使用过去分词。故填Founded。
（10）and.考查连词。句意：它保留了汉城市的全部风貌，提供了中国历史上文化、社会、经济和宗教发展的完整画面，对研究社会形态、经济结构、军事防御、宗教信仰、传统思维、传统伦理和居住形态具有重要价值。分析句子结构可知，该空前后是两个完整的句子，此处应使用连词，结合句意可知，两句之间是并列关系。故填and。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
10．（2018秋 宾阳县校级期末）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt．This trend，which was started by the medical community （医学界）（1） as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side（2） effects （effect）such as overweight and heart disease﹣﹣﹣﹣the very thing the medical community was trying to fight．
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet．They are required（3） to process （process）the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions．When fat and salt（4） are removed （remove）from food，the food tastes as if is missing something．As（5） a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing．Even（6） worse （bad），the amount of fast food that people eat goes up．Fast food（7） is （be） full of fat and salt；by（8） eating （eat） more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet．
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food．However，be（9） careful （care）not to go to extremes．Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，（10） which is not good for the health．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】食品服务行业最近出现了低脂肪、低盐的趋势，这一趋势最开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病方法．经研究发现低脂肪低盐可以比高脂肪高盐有更低的患病机会．
【解答】1．as．考查介词．根据句意"这一趋势最开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病方法"可知这里表达"作为"之意，所以答案填as．
2．effects．考查名词单复数．有前面的修饰短语some可知这里的side effects应该用复数，所以答案填effects．
3．to process．考查非谓语动词．根据固定短语be required to do sth．"被要求做某事"可知此处答案填to process．
4．are removed．考查动词时态和语态．设空处是由When引导的时间状语从句，主语是fat and salt（复数），因此所给词remove要充当谓语，根据上下文可知为一般现在时，而fat and salt与remove存在被动关系，故答案填are removed．
5．a．考查冠词．根据固定短语as a result"结果"，可知答案填a．
6．worse．考查形容词的比较级．此处所给词bad前面有even修饰，所以要用比较级，根据bad﹣worse﹣worst可知答案填worse．
7．is．考查动词时态．此句主语是Fast food，所以后面的be作谓语，根据上下文语境该用一般现在时，fast food是单数，所以答案填is．
8．eating．考查非谓语动词．By是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以答案填eating．
9．careful．考查词类转换．此句是一个祈使句，以系动词be开头，系动词后面接形容词作表语，所以care转换成形容词careful．所以答案填careful．
10．which．考查定语从句．根据句意"跟其他食物一样，吃得太多也是有可能的，但这对健康不利"，设空处应该指代前面整句话，所以只能用which引导非限制性定语从句，所以此处填which．
【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析．要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．
11．（2022 南京模拟）Recently，the remains of a gold mask are among a huge pit （坑） of 3，000﹣year﹣old items found at an archaeological（考古的） site in China's Sichuan province. （1） Weighing （weigh） about 280 grams and estimated to have 84% gold，the gold mask is one of over 500 items unearthed from six （2） newly （new） discovered "sacrificial pits".
In addition to the gold mask，archaeologists uncovered bronzes，gold foils and items （3） made （make） from ivory，jade and bone.The six pits also unearthed a mysterious wooden box and a bronze vessel （器皿） which are hard（4） to explain （explain）.Since the 1920s，archaeologists （5） have discovered （discover） more than 50，000 ancient items at Sanxingdui.
The latest finds enrich and deepen archaeologists'（6） understanding （understand） of how civilization developed in ancient China.In particular，evidence of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley， （7） which was traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
Though not yet recognized （8） as a UNESCO World Heritage Site，Sanxingdui is on the organization's "possible future list".Along with other Shu archaeological （9） sites （site），it is considered by the UN agency to be "（10） an outstanding representative of the Bronze Age Civilization of China，East Asia and even the world".
【答案】（1）Weighing（2）newly（3）made（4）to explain（5）have discovered（6）understanding（7）which（8）as（9）sites（10）an
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了最近中国四川省的一处考古遗址发现了大量文物，这些文物是中国、东亚乃至世界青铜时代文明的杰出代表。
【解答】（1）考查现在分词。句意：这个金面具重约280克，估计含金量为84%，是新发现的6个"祭祀坑"出土的500多件物品之一。主句主语the gold mask与weigh之间存在主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填Weighing。
（2）考查副词。句意：这个金面具重约280克，估计含金量为84%，是新发现的6个"祭祀坑"出土的500多件物品之一。修饰动词discover用副词形式。故填newly。
（3）考查过去分词。句意：除了金面具，考古学家还发现了青铜器、金箔以及象牙、玉石和骨头制成的物品。名词items与make之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填made。
（4）考查动词不定式。句意：这六个坑还出土了一个神秘的木箱和一个难以解释的青铜器。句型：主语 + be + adj. + to do，此句型要求不定式为主动形式。故填to explain。
（5）考查动词时态。句意：自20世纪20年代以来，考古学家已经在三星堆发现了5万多件古代物品。根据时间状语Since the 1920s可知，本句谓语为现在完成时，主语为archaeologists，复数，所以谓语动词用have。故填have discovered。
（6）考查不可数名词。句意：最新的发现丰富和深化了考古学家对中国古代文明如何发展的理解。根据空前的所有格archaeologists'可知，空处为名词形式，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填understanding。
（7）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：特别是，独特的蜀文化证据表明，这个王国独立于黄河流域的周边社会发展起来，黄河流域传统上被认为是中国文明的发源地。句中先行词为the Yellow River Valley，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（8）考查介词。句意：尽管三星堆还没有被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产，但它已经在该组织的"未来可能名单"上了。短语：be recognized as…被认为是……。故填as。
（9）考查可数名词的复数。句意：与蜀国其他考古遗址一样，它被联合国机构认为是"中国、东亚乃至世界青铜时代文明的杰出代表"。根据上文的other可知，空处为名词的复数形式，故填sites。
（10）考查冠词。句意：与蜀国其他考古遗址一样，它被联合国机构认为是"中国、东亚乃至世界青铜时代文明的杰出代表"。修饰可数名词单数，泛指，用不定冠词；空后outstanding为元音音素开头，所以用an。故填an。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
12．There is a reason why we dream.Dreams aren't just a product（1） that/which our brain develops while we sleep.There is something more to it than that.It's from reams that some of the greatest inventions of man have become a（2） reality （real）.
There（3） is （be）a very simple exercise to start recalling your dreams.Before（4） going （go）to bed，for at east 24 days，keep telling yourself，"I will remember all my dreams."（5） At first，you may not see any results at all，but just insist.After a while you will（6） probably （probable）notice that vague（模糊的）memories of your dreams will stay in （7） your （you）mind when you wake up.As you continue to do this，you will notice that it's not just one dream that comes back to you （8） but a number of dreams.
Now the fun doesn't just stop there.Try to understand what your dreams mean，and see if it applies to something that is happening in your everyday life.Many of the （9） problems （problem）we struggle with have already been solved in our （10） amazing （amaze）mind.These answers come to us in the form of dreams.
【答案】（1）that/which（2）reality（3）is（4）going（5）At（6）probably（7）your（8）but（9）problems（10）amazing
【分析】本文讲述如何记住我们所做的梦的方法，并且尝试理解梦的意义。
【解答】（1）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：梦不仅仅是我们睡觉时大脑发育出来的产物。分析句子结构，先行词a product为物，在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。
（2）reality.考查名词。句意：人类一些最伟大的发明正是从梦中变成现实的。空处作表语，前面有不定冠词，所以用单数名词，故填reality。
（3）is.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：有一个非常简单的练习可以让你回忆起你的梦。there be句式，主语在be后面，本句主语为a very simple exercise，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式；根据下一句的谓语动词keep可知，句子用一般现在时，故填is。
（4）going.考查动名词。句意：在睡觉前，至少24天，不断地告诉自己："我会记住我所有的梦。" before为介词，后跟动名词，故填going。
（5）At.考查介词。句意：一开始，你可能根本看不到任何结果。at first起初，为固定搭配，故填At。
（6）probably.考查副词。句意：过了一段时间，你可能会注意到，你的梦中模糊的记忆会留在你的脑海里。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填probably。
（7）your.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：过了一段时间，你可能会注意到，你的梦中模糊的记忆会留在你的脑海里。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词，故填your。
（8）but.考查连词。句意：当你继续这样做的时候，你会注意到，不仅仅是一个梦，还有很多个梦。not just...but （also） 不但...而且，为固定搭配，故填but。
（9）problems.考查名词的数。句意：我们奋斗的许多问题已经在我们神奇的头脑中解决了。前面有many，所以用复数名词，故填problems。
（10）amazing.考查形容词。句意：我们奋斗的许多问题已经在我们神奇的头脑中解决了。空处作定语修饰名词mind，所以用形容词，表示"令人吃惊的"，故填amazing。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
13．（2021秋 松江区期末）
Three Myths About Skin
We put importance into caring for skin since it's the first thing other people see.Skin might be one of the least correctly （1） interpreted （interpret） parts of our bodies.So today，I'd like to run through three myths we have about skin.
Myth No.1：Healthy skin is skin that looks perfect.When we talk of healthy skin，we（2） might / may / will think of a clear and smooth surface.But skin is a living organ，（3） like heart or lungs and any other complex organ，serving many functions，not just about what's going on at the surface.
Myth No.2：You only need sunscreen on sunny days.UV rays from the sun are so strong that（4） they damage our cells' DNA.There are two types that affect the skin.UVA rays damage protein in skin，quickening the pace of aging.UVB rays，meanwhile，cook the outer layer of the skin，causing sunburn.（5） While/Although/Though our cells can repair that damage to some extent，it accumulates over time，and can lead to skin cancer.When our skin （6） is exposed （expose） to UV rays，it gets darker，which is the way of showing it's been damaged.So by wearing sunscreen，even when it's cloudy，you are protecting yourself from sunburn，early aging and skin cancer.
Myth No.3：You can shrink pores.Pores are the tiny openings in our skin.They're （7） what let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin.Pore size is largely determined by genes，（8） whose function is to carry information for particular characteristics，and rarely
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．The poem The Road Not Taken，is one of Frost's best﹣known poems not only because of its natural style，but also its（1） （thought） insights into human nature.Many readers think the words "paths" in the woods are often used to symbolize（2） their lives progress and change.The two roads diverging in a yellow wood means that life throws different（3） （alternative）at people （4） a daily basis and the greatest dilemmas（5） （arise） from moral problems when they are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
There's no doubt that different choices lead to different specific consequences.Once people make a decision，there is no going back for her or him.Though they may be free to choose which path（6） （take），people may wonder exactly what they are choosing between when presented with different choices.（7） （ultimate），the road ahead is a（8） （mix） of choice and chance.Part of decision﹣making is learning to make（9） most of decisions.Instead of looking back with regret，people are supposed to face their future with energy and optimism，for the choices are （10） （their） only.
2．At a time when we are all experiencing extraordinary level of stress，science offers a simple and effective way to improve our own emotional（情感的）health.
To help yourself， （1） （start） by helping others.
As（2） matter of fact，our bodies and minds benefit in a variety of（3） （way）when we help others.Some research has focused （4） the "helper's high".Studies show that volunteering，donating money，or even just thinking about donating money can release（释放）feel﹣good brain chemicals.
（5） （feel）responsible for other people also can help us deal with whatever challenges life brings.Emily Greenfield，an associate（6） （consult）of social work at Rutgers University，studied a concept called "felt obligation（义务），" which（7） （measure）by asking people questions such as how obligated they would feel to give money to a friend in need，even（8） it meant putting themselves in trouble.
As it turned out，the people who had higher levels of "felt obligation"﹣meaning they were the type of people to sacrifice for others﹣dealt （9） （well）with their own life challenges than others.
She （10） （note）that caring for others helped us to regulate our own motions and gain a sense of control.
3．Outer space has long been a mystery to us humans ，from which large numbers of imaginary tales arose. （1） now ，the rapid development of modern science and technology allows us to understand more and more about the whole universe.Furthermore ，（2） （equip）with advanced space facilities，we are capable of traveling in space ，（3） is the latest frontier to be explored.
It seems that humankind's passion for exploring space is reaching new heights.US space agency NASA and its Russian counterpart（职位相当的人）the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities have agreed（4） （ operate ） on building a station on the lunar orbit ，called " the deep space gateway" .The news（5） （ announce ） by representatives from both NASA and Ioscosmosnl September during the International Astronautical Congress in Australia.
The new structure will act （6） a way station for trips to the moon's surface，or even to more（7） （ distance ） places like Mars.
"The area of space near the moon （8） （offer ） a true deep space environment to gain experience for human missions that push （9） （ far ） into the solar system ， " NASA said in a statement.
（10） （ current ） ，the gateway is still in the concept stage，with governments and private partners working together to create it.If everything goes well ，it should be built soon.
4．Water doesn't currently exist on Mars' surface，but it used to.About 4 billion years ago，something happened to Mars' atmosphere，and most of the liquid water（1） （disappear）due to harmful radiation.But some of （2） may still be underground.Could those ancient water holes contain life？
China's Tianwen﹣1 mission will search（3） the existing water by radar fixed on the rover（月球车）.The European Space Agency's spacecraft found evidence for subsurface water，（4） （use） radar from space，but this will be the first time a rover has searched from the ground.
Tianwen﹣1 will also give China（5） （value）Mars experience and lay foundation for a sample return mission planned for（6） end of the 2020s.Getting Martian samples back to Earth is a top priority for the scientific community.Despite the impressive advances（7） （make） in placing science instruments on spacecraft，only the technology on Earth，（8） can test samples accurately，is to verify the presence or absence of life in a sample.
As of 2020，only NASA has landed and operated spacecraft on Mars（9） （successful）.More countries exploring Mars means more （10） （opportunity）for global cooperation.Space exploration brings out the best in us all.When more nations work together，everyone wins.
5．（2022春 虎丘区校级期中）Many of our beliefs about the universe are based on inductive reasoning，also known as the（1） （science） model.This means of arriving at the truth requires the observation of concrete events（2） （follow） by the development of a theory to explain（3） has been observed.In other words，it is a way to proceed from the particular to the general，from the specific to the abstract.However，it is in the nature of scientists to inquire（4） every possibility，and this means they often discover things no one has ever seen or noticed before.Our generalized theories therefore never cease to change.
In fact，most of our new knowledge（5） （gain） by the observation of things we have never seen before.Before the first black swan was seen，the assumption was that all swans were white（6） is known as the "black swan theory".How could we have known otherwise？There will always be "unknown unknowns" such as black swans， （7） some people criticize those who dare to suggest their（8） （exist）.We should always be objective and question what we think we know.
The world in the future is bound to be different from now. （9） much we understand，there will always be（10） remote possibility of discovering "a black swan".Accordingly，our comprehension of the world will change.Therefore，we should keep up with new developments in all domains of knowledge﹣"black swans" can change history.
6．（2022 湖南一模）Our sun is such a familiar sight in the sky（1） you might think stars like our sun are common across the universe.But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs，the tiniest and coolest（2） （one） out there.With only about 7% to 50% of the mass（3） our sun，red dwarfs generate as little as 1/10，000th the energy of the sun.This means their stores of hydrogen fuel（4） （consume） at a small amount of the rate that a star like the sun goes through.They give a little light so it is（5） （possible） to see them with the naked eyes.With red dwarfe（6） （burn） so slowly，their average lifetime is between 1 and 10 trillion （万亿）years，while the sun will survive for another 5 billion years.
Life on Earth（7） （exist） for about 4 billion years.Our sun will die one day，and thus we'll eventually either die out or leave Earth（8） （look） for a new place.About 5% of red dwarfs in（9） Milky Way，may host suitable，roughly Earth（10） （size） planets.
7．The sharing economy，represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber，is the latest fashion craze.But many supporters have overlooked the （1） （real）that this new business model is （2） （large） based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.
Airbnb is an internet﹣based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to （3） （stranger） for short stays.Uber is an internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars.
The good thing about the sharing economy is（4） it promotes the use of underused resources.Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms，and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while（5） （allow）guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those（6） （charge）by hotels.Uber offers prices that are competitive（7） standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.
But the downside of the sharing economy（8） （get）much less attention so far.Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels，and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually（9） important source of tax income.But many of Airbnb's customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.This downside of the sharing needs （10） （take）seriously.
8．With the development of science and technology，mobile payment is （1） （ popularity） in China.Recently our class（2） （ heated，discussion） about it and opinions are divided.
70% of the students are（3） （ favour） mobile payment.Firstly，it is easy to operate.
Secondly，consumers just need to take a smartphone with them（4） （ instead，cash）（5） （ convenient）.In addition，they can enjoy some discounts for mobile payment，which may reduce their financial burden.
However，about 30% of the students （6） （ opposed） mobile payment.First of all，they are concerned about its security.（7） （ likely） personal information could be leaked.Besides，they worry people tend to buy （8） （ more，need） by paying online.
From my perspective，I embrace the new trend.Undoubtedly，mobile payment will（9） （ contribute） an easier life and it will definitely improve our living standards.
9．（2022 山东模拟）Located in Ping Yao County，Shanxi Province，the Ancient City of Ping Yao well（1） （preserve） the historic form of the county﹣level cities of the Han people in China from the 14th to 20th century.
（2） （cover）an area of 225 hectares，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is（3） complete building complex including ancient walls，streets and lanes，shops，dwellings and temples.Its layout reflects（4） （perfect）the developments in architectural style and urban planning of the Han cities over more than five centuries.Particularly，from the 19th century to the early 20th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao was a（5） （finance）center for the whole of China.The nearly 4，000 existing shops and traditional dwellings in the town（6） are grand in form bear witness to Ping Yao's prosperity over a century.Wanfo Shrine，the main shrine of Zhenguo Temple，dating back to the Five Dynasties，is one of China's（7） （early）and most precious timber structure buildings in（8） （exist）.
（9） （found）in the 14th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is an outstanding example of Han cities.It keeps all the Han city features，provides a complete picture of the cultural，social，economic and religious development in Chinese history，（10） it is of great value for studying the social form，economic structure，military defense，religious belief，traditional thinking，traditional ethics and dwelling form.
10．（2018秋 宾阳县校级期末）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt．This trend，which was started by the medical community （医学界）（1） a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side（2） （effect）such as overweight and heart disease﹣﹣﹣﹣the very thing the medical community was trying to fight．
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet．They are required（3） （process）the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions．When fat and salt（4） （remove）from food，the food tastes as if is missing something．As（5） result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing．Even（6） （bad），the amount of fast food that people eat goes up．Fast food（7） （be） full of fat and salt；by（8） （eat） more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet．
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food．However，be（9） （care）not to go to extremes．Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，（10） is not good for the health．
11．（2022 南京模拟）Recently，the remains of a gold mask are among a huge pit （坑） of 3，000﹣year﹣old items found at an archaeological（考古的） site in China's Sichuan province. （1） （weigh） about 280 grams and estimated to have 84% gold，the gold mask is one of over 500 items unearthed from six （2） （new） discovered "sacrificial pits".
In addition to the gold mask，archaeologists uncovered bronzes，gold foils and items （3） （make） from ivory，jade and bone.The six pits also unearthed a mysterious wooden box and a bronze vessel （器皿） which are hard（4） （explain）.Since the 1920s，archaeologists （5） （discover） more than 50，000 ancient items at Sanxingdui.
The latest finds enrich and deepen archaeologists'（6） （understand） of how civilization developed in ancient China.In particular，evidence of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley， （7） was traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
Though not yet recognized （8） a UNESCO World Heritage Site，Sanxingdui is on the organization's "possible future list".Along with other Shu archaeological （9） （site），it is considered by the UN agency to be "（10） outstanding representative of the Bronze Age Civilization of China，East Asia and even the world".
12．There is a reason why we dream.Dreams aren't just a product（1） our brain develops while we sleep.There is something more to it than that.It's from reams that some of the greatest inventions of man have become a（2） （real）.
There（3） （be）a very simple exercise to start recalling your dreams.Before（4） （go）to bed，for at east 24 days，keep telling yourself，"I will remember all my dreams."（5） first，you may not see any results at all，but just insist.After a while you will（6） （probable）notice that vague（模糊的）memories of your dreams will stay in （7） （you）mind when you wake up.As you continue to do this，you will notice that it's not just one dream that comes back to you （8） a number of dreams.
Now the fun doesn't just stop there.Try to understand what your dreams mean，and see if it applies to something that is happening in your everyday life.Many of the （9） （problem）we struggle with have already been solved in our （10） （amaze）mind.These answers come to us in the form of dreams.
13．（2021秋 松江区期末）
Three Myths About Skin
We put importance into caring for skin since it's the first thing other people see.Skin might be one of the least correctly （1） （interpret） parts of our bodies.So today，I'd like to run through three myths we have about skin.
Myth No.1：Healthy skin is skin that looks perfect.When we talk of healthy skin，we（2） think of a clear and smooth surface.But skin is a living organ，（3） heart or lungs and any other complex organ，serving many functions，not just about what's going on at the surface.
Myth No.2：You only need sunscreen on sunny days.UV rays from the sun are so strong that（4） damage our cells' DNA.There are two types that affect the skin.UVA rays damage protein in skin，quickening the pace of aging.UVB rays，meanwhile，cook the outer layer of the skin，causing sunburn.（5） our cells can repair that damage to some extent，it accumulates over time，and can lead to skin cancer.When our skin （6） （expose） to UV rays，it gets darker，which is the way of showing it's been damaged.So by wearing sunscreen，even when it's cloudy，you are protecting yourself from sunburn，early aging and skin cancer.
Myth No.3：You can shrink pores.Pores are the tiny openings in our skin.They're （7） let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin.Pore size is largely determined by genes，（8） function is to carry information for particular characteristics，and rarely changes.In other words，pores don't really shrink.So stop （9） （spend） your money on pore minimizers and just wash your face with the products basically made from stuff that won't block pores.
Our skin is （10） amazing organ，so let's treat it right and forget about those myths，OK？
14．Tuesdays with Morrie deals with the meaning of life and how to live it.Some readers have given their reviews of this book.
In the view of Arthur K，the book is more about life than death.Being （1） （ weak） by a severe illness，Morrie anticipates his death and begins to observe everything as though through new eyes.Morrie's（2） （brave） towards the end of his life is inspirational，which （3） （ encourage） us to appreciate what we have and to make the most of each day.
For Amy Wang，this book gives her a （4） （ deep） insight into the world than ever and enables her （5） （ see） things from a different point of view.What Morrie says and does makes her realize that （6） （ make） a lot of money won't always make us happy and that it's up to us to find out （7） is important in our lives and establish our own （8） （ value）.
As far as Marty is concerned，the book is just made up of a collection of over﹣ emotional thoughts and messages ，many of which are repeated. （9） ，he recommends that people read it.After all，it is something that's a bit different.
In the eyes of Vivian，the book is about Morrie's reflections on love and friendship，teaching us to always keep in touch（10） the good people we meet as we go through life.
15．（2024春 广州期末）Recent months have seen a return of bike across China．With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of （1） （drive） to schools，to workplaces or to do sightseeing．The introduction of bike﹣sharing programs has brought the trend to a new level．
The bikes （2） （equip） with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user．They're popular among many Chinese people as they provide（3） effective solution in places （4） it's difficult to change from one kind of transport to another．Bike﹣sharing is a（5） （green） method of transportation and （6） （provide） a more friendly experience．
However，the programs have also led to problems such as （7） （legal） parking，deliberate （蓄意的） damaging and theft．To deal with these problems，the company came up with the idea of encouraging people（8） （return） the bikes to stations （9） rewarding free time for their next rides．Now，Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems，too．For example，Mobike sets a 100﹣point credit score for each user，with （10） （point） taken in the case of bad behavior．Once a score drops below 80，bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes，up from 0.5﹣1 yuan．
高考英语考前押题卷 语法填空
参考答案与试题解析
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．The poem The Road Not Taken，is one of Frost's best﹣known poems not only because of its natural style，but also its（1） thoughtful （thought） insights into human nature.Many readers think the words "paths" in the woods are often used to symbolize（2） how their lives progress and change.The two roads diverging in a yellow wood means that life throws different（3） alternation （alternative）at people （4） on a daily basis and the greatest dilemmas（5） arise （arise） from moral problems when they are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
There's no doubt that different choices lead to different specific consequences.Once people make a decision，there is no going back for her or him.Though they may be free to choose which path（6） to take （take），people may wonder exactly what they are choosing between when presented with different choices.（7） Ultimately （ultimate），the road ahead is a（8） mixture （mix） of choice and chance.Part of decision﹣making is learning to make（9） exactly most of decisions.Instead of looking back with regret，people are supposed to face their future with energy and optimism，for the choices are （10） their （their） only.
【答案】（1）thoughtful；（2）how；（3）alternation；（4）on；（5）arise；（6）to take；（7）Ultimately；（8）mixture；（9）exactly；（10）theirs.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了弗罗斯特最著名的诗歌之一《未走的路》以及作者对诗歌内涵的领悟：不同的选择导致不同的结果，但不管怎样，人们都要乐观面对。
【解答】（1）thoughtful.考查形容词。句意：《未走的路》是弗罗斯特最著名的诗歌之一，不仅因为其自然的风格，而且因为其对人性的深刻洞察。Insights是名词，前面需要形容词进行修饰，所以名词thought要转化为形容词形式。故填thoughtful.
（2）how.考查连接词。句意：许多读者认为树林里的"小路"这个词经常被用来象征他们生活是怎样进步和变化的。symbolize"象征"是及物动词，该词后接的是宾语从句，根据句意理解应该用how来引导，并在从句中作方式状语。故填how.
（3）alternation.考查名词。句意：黄树林里分出的两条路意味着生活每天抛给人们不同的选择。different是形容词，后接名词，所以形容词alternative"供选择的"要转化为相应的名词。故填alternation.
（4）on.考查介词。句意：黄树林里分出的两条路意味着生活每天抛给人们不同的选择。on a daily basis"每天"是固定词组，作时间状语。故填on.
（5）arise.考查时态与主谓一致。句意：当他们不确定哪个选择会导致做出正确的事情时，最大的困境产生于道德问题。dilemmas是dilemma"困境"的复数形式，所以主语 the greatest dilemmas是复数；该句that后用并列连词and连接了两个宾语从句，前一个谓语动词使用了throws ，说明是一般现在时。故arise要使用一般现在时。故填arise.
（6）to take.考查动词不定式。句意：虽然他们可以自由选择走哪条路，但当面对不同的选择时，人们可能会想知道他们到底要选择什么。分析句子可知，及物动词choose后的宾语是"疑问词+动词不定式"结构；根据句意要填to take，take与逻辑主语path是主谓关系。which path to take"走那条路"。故填to take.
（7）Ultimately.考查副词。句意：最终，前方的道路是选择和机遇的混合。Ultimate"最终的"是形容词；该空后有逗号，说明需要副词，修饰后面的句子。故填Ultimately.
（8）mixture.考查名词。句意：最终，前方的道路是选择和机遇的混合。该空前不定冠词a及后面"﹣﹣﹣of﹣﹣﹣（﹣﹣﹣的﹣﹣﹣）"，都说明该空处需要名词，所以动词mix"混合"要转化为相应的名词。故填mixture.
（9）exactly.考查副词。句意：做决定的一部分就是学会准确地做出大部分决定。根据该句句意理解及后句的"与其后悔地回顾过去"可知，此处需要副词exactly"准确地"，才符合句意。故填exactly.
（10）theirs.考查名词性物主代词。句意：与其后悔地回顾过去，人们应该充满活力和乐观地面对未来，因为这些选择仅仅只是他们的选择。only"仅仅，只"是副词，放在句尾修饰句子；根据句意理解可知，该空处表示"他们的选择"，所以用名词性物主代词theirs，相当于their choices.故填theirs.
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性、时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
2．At a time when we are all experiencing extraordinary level of stress，science offers a simple and effective way to improve our own emotional（情感的）health.
To help yourself， （1） start （start） by helping others.
As（2） a matter of fact，our bodies and minds benefit in a variety of（3） ways （way）when we help others.Some research has focused （4） on the "helper's high".Studies show that volunteering，donating money，or even just thinking about donating money can release（释放）feel﹣good brain chemicals.
（5） Feeling （feel）responsible for other people also can help us deal with whatever challenges life brings.Emily Greenfield，an associate（6） consultant （consult）of social work at Rutgers University，studied a concept called "felt obligation（义务），" which（7） is measured （measure）by asking people questions such as how obligated they would feel to give money to a friend in need，even（8） if it meant putting themselves in trouble.
As it turned out，the people who had higher levels of "felt obligation"﹣meaning they were the type of people to sacrifice for others﹣dealt （9） better （well）with their own life challenges than others.
She （10） noted （note）that caring for others helped us to regulate our own motions and gain a sense of control.
【答案】（1）start（2）a（3）ways（4）on（5）Feeling（6）consultant（7）is measured（8）if（9）better（10）noted
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了在我们都面临巨大压力的时候，科学提供了一种简单有效的方法来改善我们自己的情绪健康。
【解答】（1）start.考查祈使句。句意：要帮助自己，从帮助别人开始。分析句子可知，此处为祈使句，故用动词原形开头，故填start。
（2）a.考查冠词。句意：事实上，当我们帮助他人时，我们的身体和思想会以各种方式受益。as a matter of fact表示"事实上"符合句意，故填a。
（3）ways.考查可数名词的复数。句意：事实上，当我们帮助他人时，我们的身体和思想会以各种方式受益。way为可数名词，空前有a variety of修饰，故用名词的复数形式，故填ways。
（4）on.考查介词。句意：一些研究集中在"帮助者的高潮"上。focus on表示"集中于"符合句意，故填on。
（5）Feeling.考查动名词。句意：对他人负责也能帮助我们应对生活带来的任何挑战。此处用动名词作主语，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Feeling。
（6）consultant.考查可数名词的单数。句意：罗格斯大学（Rutgers University）社会工作副顾问艾米丽 格林菲尔德（EmilyGreenfield）研究了一个名为"感受到的义务"的概念，这个概念是通过向人们提出一些问题来衡量的，比如他们有多大义务给有需要的朋友捐款，即使这意味着给自己带来麻烦。结合句意和an可知，此处用名词的单数形式，表示"顾问"，故填consultant。
（7）is measured.考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：罗格斯大学（Rutgers University）社会工作副顾问艾米丽 格林菲尔德（EmilyGreenfield）研究了一个名为"感受到的义务"的概念，这个概念是通过向人们提出一些问题来衡量的，比如他们有多大义务给有需要的朋友捐款，即使这意味着给自己带来麻烦。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语which指代先行词a concept，为单数形式，且与measure之间是被动关系，故填is measured。
（8）if.考查固定短语。句意：罗格斯大学（Rutgers University）社会工作副顾问艾米丽 格林菲尔德（EmilyGreenfield）研究了一个名为"感受到的义务"的概念，这个概念是通过向人们提出一些问题来衡量的，比如他们有多大义务给有需要的朋友捐款，即使这意味着给自己带来麻烦。even if表示"即使"，引导让步状语从句，故填if。
（9）better.考查比较级。句意：事实证明，那些"感受到义务"程度较高的人﹣﹣也就是说，他们是那种为他人做出牺牲的人﹣﹣比其他人更好地应对自己的生活挑战。结合句意和than可知，此处用比较级，故填better。
（10）noted.考查动词时态。句意：她指出，关心他人有助于我们调节自己的动作，获得控制感。结合句意和helped可知，此处用一般过去时，故填noted。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
3．Outer space has long been a mystery to us humans ，from which large numbers of imaginary tales arose. （1） But now ，the rapid development of modern science and technology allows us to understand more and more about the whole universe.Furthermore ，（2） equipped （equip）with advanced space facilities，we are capable of traveling in space ，（3） which is the latest frontier to be explored.
It seems that humankind's passion for exploring space is reaching new heights.US space agency NASA and its Russian counterpart（职位相当的人）the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities have agreed（4） to operate （ operate ） on building a station on the lunar orbit ，called " the deep space gateway" .The news（5） was announced （ announce ） by representatives from both NASA and Ioscosmosnl September during the International Astronautical Congress in Australia.
The new structure will act （6） as a way station for trips to the moon's surface，or even to more（7） distant （ distance ） places like Mars.
"The area of space near the moon （8） offers （offer ） a true deep space environment to gain experience for human missions that push （9） farther （ far ） into the solar system ， " NASA said in a statement.
（10） Currently （ current ） ，the gateway is still in the concept stage，with governments and private partners working together to create it.If everything goes well ，it should be built soon.
【答案】（1）But（2）equipped（3）which（4）to operate（5）was announced（6）as（7）distant（8）offers（9）farther（10）Currently
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美俄将联合在月球轨道上建造航天站的有关内容。
【解答】（1）But.考查连词。句意：但是现在，现代科学技术的快速发展让我们越来越多地了解整个宇宙。根据上下文语境可判断，空处表示转折应用连词but。句首字母要大写。故填But。
（2）equipped.考查过去分词。句意：此外，配备先进的太空设施，我们有能力在太空旅行，这是最新的探索前沿。分析句子结构可知equip在句中做非谓语，且与句子主语we构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词﹣ed形式。故填equipped。
（3）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：此外，配备先进的太空设施，我们有能力在太空旅行，这是最新的探索前沿。本句为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词space，且先行词在从句中作主语，指"空间"故用which。故填which。
（4）to operate.考查动词不定式。句意：美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和俄罗斯国家航天活动公司（Roscosmos State Corporation for space Activities）已同意在月球轨道上建造一个名为"深空门户"的空间站。根据短语agree to do sth.表示"商定做某事"。故填to operate。
（5）was announced.考查动词时态语态主谓一致。句意：这一消息是由美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和俄罗斯国际航天公司（Ioscosmosnl）的代表9月在澳大利亚举行的国际宇航大会上宣布的。根据时间状语in September可知应用一般过去时，且announce作谓语与主语The news之间是被动关系。且主语为news，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was announced。
（6）as.考查介词。句意：这座新建筑将作为前往月球表面，甚至更远的地方如火星的中转站。根据短语act as...表示"充当……，当作……"。故填as。
（7）distant.考查形容词。句意：这座新建筑将作为前往月球表面，甚至更远的地方如火星的中转站。此处修饰名词places应用形容词distant，表示"遥远的"。故填distant。
（8）offers.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：月球附近的太空区域提供了一个真正的深空环境，为人类进一步推进太阳系的任务获取经验。此处引用了NASA声明的原文应用一般现在时，且主语是The area，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填offers。
（9）farther.考查比较级。句意：NASA在一份声明中说："月球附近的空间区域提供了一个真正的深空环境，为人类向太阳系深处推进的任务积累经验。"此处指"向太阳系更远处推进"应用比较级farther。故填farther。
（10）Currently.考查副词。句意：目前，该门户仍处于概念阶段，政府和私人合作伙伴共同努力创建它。位于句首修饰整个句子应用副词currently，表示"目前"。句首字母要大写。故填Currently。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
4．Water doesn't currently exist on Mars' surface，but it used to.About 4 billion years ago，something happened to Mars' atmosphere，and most of the liquid water（1） disappeared （disappear）due to harmful radiation.But some of （2） it may still be underground.Could those ancient water holes contain life？
China's Tianwen﹣1 mission will search（3） for the existing water by radar fixed on the rover（月球车）.The European Space Agency's spacecraft found evidence for subsurface water，（4） using （use） radar from space，but this will be the first time a rover has searched from the ground.
Tianwen﹣1 will also give China（5） valuable （value）Mars experience and lay foundation for a sample return mission planned for（6） the end of the 2020s.Getting Martian samples back to Earth is a top priority for the scientific community.Despite the impressive advances（7） made （make） in placing science instruments on spacecraft，only the technology on Earth，（8） which can test samples accurately，is to verify the presence or absence of life in a sample.
As of 2020，only NASA has landed and operated spacecraft on Mars（9） successfully （successful）.More countries exploring Mars means more （10） opportunities （opportunity）for global cooperation.Space exploration brings out the best in us all.When more nations work together，everyone wins.
【答案】（1）disappeared（2）it（3）for（4）using（5）valuable（6）the（7）made（8）which（9）successfully（10）opportunities
【分析】本文是记叙文，主要描述了不同国家探索火星的方法。
【解答】（1）disappeared.考查时态。句意：由于有害的辐射，大部分液态水消失了。根据前文的时间About 4 billion years ago，可知此处是描述过去发生的事情，需要用一般过去时，故填disappeared。
（2）it.考查代词。句意：但是有些液态水仍然在地下。根据句意，此处指代前文的liquid water，water是不可数名词，需要用it来指代，故填it。
（3）for.考查介词。句意：中国的"天问一号"任务将通过固定在月球车上的雷达来寻找现有的水。search for表示"寻找"，是固定搭配，故填for。
（4）using.考查现在分词。句意：欧洲航天局的航天器利用来自太空的雷达发现了地表水存在的证据。此处前后句没有连接词连接，且后半句没有主语，所以use是非谓语动词，use和逻辑主语The European Space Agency's spacecraft之间是主动关系，需要用现在分词表示主动，故填using。
（5）valuable.考查形容词。句意：天问一号还将为中国提供宝贵的火星经验，并为计划于本世纪20年代末进行的样本返回任务奠定基础。此处需要用形容词做定语，修饰名词experience，故填valuable。
（6）the.考查冠词。句意：天问一号还将为中国提供宝贵的火星经验，并为计划于本世纪20年代末进行的样本返回任务奠定基础。the end of...表示"在……末"，是固定搭配，故填the。
（7）made.考查过去分词。句意：尽管在航天器上放置科学仪器方面取得了令人印象深刻的进步，但只有地球上能够准确测试样本的技术，才能验证样本中是否存在生命。此make与逻辑后主语语advances是被动关系，故此处用过去分词做后置定语，修饰名词advances，故填made。
（8）which.考查定语从句。句意：尽管在航天器上放置科学仪器方面取得了令人印象深刻的进步，但只有地球上能够准确测试样本的技术，才能验证样本中是否存在生命。本句是定语从句，从句修饰名词 technology，technology是物，在从句中做主语，且本句是非限制性定语从句，关系词不能用that，故填which。
（9）successfully.考查副词。句意：截至2020年，只有美国国家航空航天局（NASA）在火星上成功着陆并操作了航天器。此处需要副词来修饰动词land和operate，故填successfully。
（10）opportunities.考查可数名词的复数。句意：更多的国家探索火星意味着更多的全球合作机会。根据前文的More countries，可知此处机会应该用复数，和前文对应，故填opportunities。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
5．（2022春 虎丘区校级期中）Many of our beliefs about the universe are based on inductive reasoning，also known as the（1） scientific （science） model.This means of arriving at the truth requires the observation of concrete events（2） followed （follow） by the development of a theory to explain（3） what has been observed.In other words，it is a way to proceed from the particular to the general，from the specific to the abstract.However，it is in the nature of scientists to inquire（4） into every possibility，and this means they often discover things no one has ever seen or noticed before.Our generalized theories therefore never cease to change.
In fact，most of our new knowledge（5） is gained （gain） by the observation of things we have never seen before.Before the first black swan was seen，the assumption was that all swans were white（6） which is known as the "black swan theory".How could we have known otherwise？There will always be "unknown unknowns" such as black swans， （7） though some people criticize those who dare to suggest their（8） existence （exist）.We should always be objective and question what we think we know.
The world in the future is bound to be different from now. （9） However much we understand，there will always be（10） a remote possibility of discovering "a black swan".Accordingly，our comprehension of the world will change.Therefore，we should keep up with new developments in all domains of knowledge﹣"black swans" can change history.
【答案】（1）scientific（2）followed（3）what（4）into（5）is gained（6）which（7）though（8）existence（9）However（10）a
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在科学领域我们应该持续观察，不断探索，勇于发现"黑天鹅"。
【解答】（1）scientific.考查形容词。句意：我们对宇宙的许多信念都是基于归纳推理，也被称为科学模型。此处修饰名词model，用形容词scientific（科学的），作定语。故填scientific。
（2）followed.考查过去分词。句意：这种获得真理的方法需要用对跟随一种理论发展而来的具体事件的观察来解释所观察到的东西。此处与events是被动关系，用过去分词followed（跟随），作定语。故填followed。
（3）what.考查宾语从句。句意：这种获得真理的方法需要用对跟随一种理论发展而来的具体事件的观察来解释所观察到的东西。此处是宾语从句，并且在从句中作主语，应用what引导，指代"观察到的东西"。故填what。
（4）into.考查介词。句意：然而，科学家的本质是探究每一种可能性，这意味着他们经常发现以前从未见过或注意到的东西。固定短语inquire into（探究），后接every possibility作介词into的宾语。故填into。
（5）is gained.考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：事实上，我们的大部分新知识都是通过观察我们从未见过的事物而获得的。此处用谓语动词，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时态；根据句意及介词by可知，本句要用被动语态be done；又因为主语是不可数名词knowledge（知识） ，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填is gained。
（6）which.考查定语从句。句意：在看到第一只黑天鹅之前，人们假设所有的天鹅都是白色的，这被称为"黑天鹅理论"。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（7）though.考查让步状语从句。句意：总会有"未知的未知数"，比如黑天鹅，尽管有些人批评那些胆敢暗示它们存在的人。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处使用从属连词though（尽管）引导让步状语从句。故填though。
（8）existence.考查不可数名词。句意：总会有"未知的未知数"，比如黑天鹅，尽管有些人批评那些胆敢暗示它们存在的人。此处作动词suggest的宾语，应用名词existence（存在），不可数。故填existence。
（9）However.考查让步状语从句。句意：无论我们了解多少，发现"黑天鹅"的可能性总是微乎其微的。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处使用连接副词however引导让步状语从句表示"无论了解多少"，故填However。
（10）a.考查冠词。句意：无论我们了解多少，发现"黑天鹅"的可能性总是微乎其微的。此处泛指"一种可能性"，应用不定冠词，remote是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
6．（2022 湖南一模）Our sun is such a familiar sight in the sky（1） that you might think stars like our sun are common across the universe.But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs，the tiniest and coolest（2） ones （one） out there.With only about 7% to 50% of the mass（3） of our sun，red dwarfs generate as little as 1/10，000th the energy of the sun.This means their stores of hydrogen fuel（4） are consumed （consume） at a small amount of the rate that a star like the sun goes through.They give a little light so it is（5） impossible （possible） to see them with the naked eyes.With red dwarfe（6） burning （burn） so slowly，their average lifetime is between 1 and 10 trillion （万亿）years，while the sun will survive for another 5 billion years.
Life on Earth（7） has existed/has been existing （exist） for about 4 billion years.Our sun will die one day，and thus we'll eventually either die out or leave Earth（8） to look （look） for a new place.About 5% of red dwarfs in（9） the Milky Way，may host suitable，roughly Earth（10） sized （size） planets.
【答案】（1）that（2）ones（3）of（4）are consumed（5）impossible（6）burning（7）has existed/has been existing（8）to look（9）the（10）sized
【分析】本文对太阳和红矮星进行了比较，比较了它们的质量、消耗速度以及寿命。
【解答】（1）that.考查固定搭配。句意：我们的太阳是天空中如此熟悉的景象，你可能会认为像我们的太阳这样的星星在整个宇宙中都很常见。such…that如此……以致于，为固定搭配，故填that.
（2）ones.考查代词。句意：但宇宙中至少有70%的恒星是红矮星，是最微小、最冷的恒星。表示"stars"，所以用ones代替，所以用故填ones.
（3）of.考查名词所有格。句意：红矮星只有太阳质量的7%到50%，产生的能量只有太阳的1/10000。表示"……的"，所以用of表示所有格，故填of.
（4）are consumed.考查语态和主谓一致。句意：这意味着他们储存的氢燃料的消耗速度与太阳这样的恒星的消耗速度相当。表示"被消耗"，所以用被动语态，主语为复数名词，故填are consumed.
（5）impossible.考查形容词。句意：它们发出一点光，所以用肉眼是看不见的。作表语，所以用形容词，表示"不可能的"，故填impossible.
（6）burning.考查现在分词。句意：由于红矮星燃烧如此缓慢，它们的平均寿命在1到10万亿年之间，而太阳将再存活50亿年。with的宾语和burn之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补，故填burning.
（7）has existed/has been existing.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：地球上的生命已经存在了大约40亿年。表示到现在为止，所以用现在完成时态，也可以表示一直，所以用现在完成进行时态，主语为单数名词，故填has existed/has been existing.
（8）to look.考查不定式。句意：我们的太阳总有一天会消亡，因此我们最终要么消亡，要么离开地球去寻找一个新的地方。不定式作目的状语，故填to look.
（9）the.考查冠词。句意：银河系中大约5%的红矮星可能拥有合适的、大致地球大小的行星。由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面加定冠词，故填the.
（10）sized.考查形容词。句意：银河系中大约5%的红矮星可能拥有合适的、大致地球大小的行星。作定语，所以用形容词，表示"有……大小的"，故填sized.
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
7．The sharing economy，represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber，is the latest fashion craze.But many supporters have overlooked the （1） reality （real）that this new business model is （2） largely （large） based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.
Airbnb is an internet﹣based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to （3） strangers （stranger） for short stays.Uber is an internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars.
The good thing about the sharing economy is（4） that it promotes the use of underused resources.Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms，and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while（5） allowing （allow）guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those（6） charged （charge）by hotels.Uber offers prices that are competitive（7） with standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.
But the downside of the sharing economy（8） has got （get）much less attention so far.Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels，and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually（9） an important source of tax income.But many of Airbnb's customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.This downside of the sharing needs （10） to be taken （take）seriously.
【答案】（1）reality（2）largely（3）strangers（4）that（5）allowing（6）charged（7）with（8）has got（9）an（10）to be taken
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了共享经济的好处。
【解答】（1）reality.考查可数名词的单数。句意：但许多支持者忽视了一个事实，即这种新的商业模式主要是基于逃避监管和违法。结合句意可知，此处表示单数含义，故用名词的单数形式，表示"事实"，故填reality。
（2）largely.考查副词。句意：但许多支持者忽视了一个事实，即这种新的商业模式主要是基于逃避监管和违法。此处用副词作状语修饰动词based，故填largely。
（3）strangers.考查可数名词的复数。句意：Airbnb是一项基于互联网的服务，允许人们将多余的房间出租给陌生人，以便短期停留。结合句意可知，此处表示不止一个陌生人，故用名词的复数形式，故填strangers。
（4）that.考查表语从句。句意：共享经济的好处在于它促进了未充分利用资源的利用。分析句子可知，此处引导is的表语从句，从句中不缺成分和含义，故填that。
（5）allowing.考查现在分词。句意：数以百万计的人拥有空房的房屋或公寓，Airbnb让他们可以从这些房间中获利，同时让客人以远低于酒店收费的价格入住。此处为while引导的时间状语从句的省略，省略了主语Airbnb与be动词，且主语Airbnb与allow之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式，故填allowing。
（6）charged.考查过去分词。句意：数以百万计的人拥有空房的房屋或公寓，Airbnb让他们可以从这些房间中获利，同时让客人以远低于酒店收费的价格入住。此处为非谓语动词作定语，those与charge之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填charged。
（7）with.考查介词。句意：优步提供的价格与标准出租车价格具有竞争力，而且他们的司机通常更快、更值得信赖。be competitive with表示"与...相比"符合句意，故填with。
（8）has got.考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：但到目前为止，共享经济的负面影响还没有得到足够的关注。时间状语为so far，句子用现在完成时，主语为the downside of the sharing economy，谓语动词用三单形式，故填has got。
（9）an.考查冠词。句意：大多数城市和州都对酒店征税和监管，而住在酒店的游客通常是税收收入的重要来源。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，important为元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
（10）to be taken.考查动词不定式及语态。句意：分享的这个缺点需要认真对待。need to do表示"需要做某事"，This downside of the sharing与take之间是被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动语态，故填to be taken。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
8．With the development of science and technology，mobile payment is （1） popular （ popularity） in China.Recently our class（2） has had a heated discussion （ heated，discussion） about it and opinions are divided.
70% of the students are（3） in favour of （ favour） mobile payment.Firstly，it is easy to operate.
Secondly，consumers just need to take a smartphone with them（4） instead of cash （ instead，cash）（5） for convenience （ convenient）.In addition，they can enjoy some discounts for mobile payment，which may reduce their financial burden.
However，about 30% of the students （6） are opposed to （ opposed） mobile payment.First of all，they are concerned about its security.（7） It is likely that （ likely） personal information could be leaked.Besides，they worry people tend to buy （8） more than needed （ more，need） by paying online.
From my perspective，I embrace the new trend.Undoubtedly，mobile payment will（9） contribute to （ contribute） an easier life and it will definitely improve our living standards.
【答案】（1）popular（2）has had a heated discussion（3）in favour of（4）instead of cash（5）for convenience（6）are opposed to（7）It is likely that（8）more than needed（9）contribute to
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着科技的发展，移动支付在中国越来越流行，对此出现了两种观点。
【解答】（1）popular.考查形容词。句意：随着科技的发展，移动支付在中国越来越流行。作表语，所以用形容词，故填popular。
（2）has had a heated discussion.考查动词短语以及时态和主谓一致。句意：最近我们班对此进行了热烈的讨论，意见有分歧。recently常和现在完成时态连用，表示"激烈的讨论"用a heated discussion，主语为our class，指整体，故填has had a heated discussion。
（3）in favour of.考查固定搭配。句意：70%的学生支持移动支付。表示"支持"，用介词短语in favour of作表语，故填in favour of。
（4）instead of cash.考查固定搭配。句意：其次，消费者只需要带一部智能手机，而不是现金，方便。表示"而不是现金"，故填instead of cash。
（5）for convenience.考查固定搭配。句意：其次，消费者只需要带一部智能手机，而不是现金，方便。表示"为了方便"，故填for convenience。
（6）are opposed to.考查固定搭配以及时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，约30%的学生反对移动支付。表示"反对"，所以用固定搭配be opposed to，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为分数，分数作主语，谓语动词和名词一致，此处名词为students，故填are opposed to。
（7）It is likely that.考查固定搭配。句意：个人信息很有可能被泄露。表示"可能"，后面是个句子，所以用固定句型"It is likely that"，故填It is likely that。
（8）more than needed.考查固定搭配。句意：此外，他们担心人们倾向于通过网上支付购买不必要的东西。表示"比所需要的"，故填more than needed。
（9）contribute to.考查动词短语作谓语。句意：毫无疑问，移动支付将有助于更轻松的生活，它肯定会提高我们的生活水平。表示"有助于"，用固定搭配contribute to，前面有will，所以用动词原形，故填contribute to。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
9．（2022 山东模拟）Located in Ping Yao County，Shanxi Province，the Ancient City of Ping Yao well（1） preserves （preserve） the historic form of the county﹣level cities of the Han people in China from the 14th to 20th century.
（2） Covering （cover）an area of 225 hectares，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is（3） a complete building complex including ancient walls，streets and lanes，shops，dwellings and temples.Its layout reflects（4） perfectly （perfect）the developments in architectural style and urban planning of the Han cities over more than five centuries.Particularly，from the 19th century to the early 20th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao was a（5） financial （finance）center for the whole of China.The nearly 4，000 existing shops and traditional dwellings in the town（6） which are grand in form bear witness to Ping Yao's prosperity over a century.Wanfo Shrine，the main shrine of Zhenguo Temple，dating back to the Five Dynasties，is one of China's（7） earliest （early）and most precious timber structure buildings in（8） existence （exist）.
（9） Founded （found）in the 14th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is an outstanding example of Han cities.It keeps all the Han city features，provides a complete picture of the cultural，social，economic and religious development in Chinese history，（10） and it is of great value for studying the social form，economic structure，military defense，religious belief，traditional thinking，traditional ethics and dwelling form.
【答案】（1）preserves（2）Covering（3）a（4）perfectly（5）financial（6）which（7）earliest（8）existence（9）Founded（10）and
【分析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了位于山西省平遥县的平遥古城相关情况。
【解答】（1）preserves.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：平遥古城位于山西省平遥县，完好地保存了14至20世纪中国汉族县级城市的历史形态。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中充当谓语动词，结合句意可知句子内容讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语the Ancient City of Ping Yao为第三人称单数。故填preserves。
（2）Covering.考查现在分词。句意：平遥古城占地225公顷，是一个完整的建筑群，包括古城墙、街巷、商店、民居和寺庙。分析句子可知，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is（3）complete building complex为主句，且与设空处用逗号隔开，没有连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式，动词cover"覆盖"与其逻辑主语the Ancient City of Ping Yao是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。该空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。
（3）a.考查冠词。句意：平遥古城占地225公顷，是一个完整的建筑群，包括古城墙、街巷、商店、民居和寺庙。根据句意可知，此处是指"平遥古城是一个完整的建筑群"，complex"建筑群"是单数，故该空表泛指，complete以辅音音素开头。故填a。
（4）perfectly.考查副词。句意：它的布局完美地反映了五个多世纪以来汉族城市的建筑风格和城市规划的发展。结合句意可知，该空修饰谓语动词reflects，故应使用副词。故填perfectly。
（5）financial.考查形容词。句意：特别是从19世纪到20世纪初，平遥古城是整个中国的金融中心。结合句意可知，该空修饰名词center，故应使用形容词。finance"金融"的形容词是financial"金融的"。故填financial。
（6）which.考查定语从句。句意：镇上现存的近4000家规模宏大的商店和传统民居见证了平遥一个多世纪的繁荣。分析句子结构可知，该句主语是The nearly 4，000 existing shops and traditional dwellings in the town，谓语是bear witness to"见证，表明"，（6）are grand in form为定语从句，先行词就是该句主语，指物，且在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
（7）earliest.考查形容词最高级。句意：万佛寺是振国寺的主祠，始建于五代，是中国现存最早、最珍贵的木结构建筑之一。根据句中出现的"one of +形容词最高级+名词复数"表示"最......的之一"结构可知，此处应填形容词最高级。故填earliest。
（8）existence.考查不可数名词。句意：万佛寺是振国寺的主祠，始建于五代，是中国现存最早、最珍贵的木结构建筑之一。该空为介词in的宾语，故应填名词。exist为动词，意为"存在"，其名词是existence，意为"存在"，不可数名词。故填existence。
（9）Founded.考查过去分词。句意：平遥古城建于14世纪，是汉代城市的杰出代表。分析句子结构可知，该句主句为the Ancient City of Ping Yao is an outstanding example of Han cities，且与设空处用逗号隔开，没有连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式，动词found"建立"与其逻辑主语the Ancient City of Ping Yao之间是被动关系，故应使用过去分词。故填Founded。
（10）and.考查连词。句意：它保留了汉城市的全部风貌，提供了中国历史上文化、社会、经济和宗教发展的完整画面，对研究社会形态、经济结构、军事防御、宗教信仰、传统思维、传统伦理和居住形态具有重要价值。分析句子结构可知，该空前后是两个完整的句子，此处应使用连词，结合句意可知，两句之间是并列关系。故填and。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
10．（2018秋 宾阳县校级期末）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt．This trend，which was started by the medical community （医学界）（1） as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side（2） effects （effect）such as overweight and heart disease﹣﹣﹣﹣the very thing the medical community was trying to fight．
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet．They are required（3） to process （process）the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions．When fat and salt（4） are removed （remove）from food，the food tastes as if is missing something．As（5） a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing．Even（6） worse （bad），the amount of fast food that people eat goes up．Fast food（7） is （be） full of fat and salt；by（8） eating （eat） more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet．
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food．However，be（9） careful （care）not to go to extremes．Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，（10） which is not good for the health．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】食品服务行业最近出现了低脂肪、低盐的趋势，这一趋势最开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病方法．经研究发现低脂肪低盐可以比高脂肪高盐有更低的患病机会．
【解答】1．as．考查介词．根据句意"这一趋势最开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病方法"可知这里表达"作为"之意，所以答案填as．
2．effects．考查名词单复数．有前面的修饰短语some可知这里的side effects应该用复数，所以答案填effects．
3．to process．考查非谓语动词．根据固定短语be required to do sth．"被要求做某事"可知此处答案填to process．
4．are removed．考查动词时态和语态．设空处是由When引导的时间状语从句，主语是fat and salt（复数），因此所给词remove要充当谓语，根据上下文可知为一般现在时，而fat and salt与remove存在被动关系，故答案填are removed．
5．a．考查冠词．根据固定短语as a result"结果"，可知答案填a．
6．worse．考查形容词的比较级．此处所给词bad前面有even修饰，所以要用比较级，根据bad﹣worse﹣worst可知答案填worse．
7．is．考查动词时态．此句主语是Fast food，所以后面的be作谓语，根据上下文语境该用一般现在时，fast food是单数，所以答案填is．
8．eating．考查非谓语动词．By是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以答案填eating．
9．careful．考查词类转换．此句是一个祈使句，以系动词be开头，系动词后面接形容词作表语，所以care转换成形容词careful．所以答案填careful．
10．which．考查定语从句．根据句意"跟其他食物一样，吃得太多也是有可能的，但这对健康不利"，设空处应该指代前面整句话，所以只能用which引导非限制性定语从句，所以此处填which．
【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析．要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．
11．（2022 南京模拟）Recently，the remains of a gold mask are among a huge pit （坑） of 3，000﹣year﹣old items found at an archaeological（考古的） site in China's Sichuan province. （1） Weighing （weigh） about 280 grams and estimated to have 84% gold，the gold mask is one of over 500 items unearthed from six （2） newly （new） discovered "sacrificial pits".
In addition to the gold mask，archaeologists uncovered bronzes，gold foils and items （3） made （make） from ivory，jade and bone.The six pits also unearthed a mysterious wooden box and a bronze vessel （器皿） which are hard（4） to explain （explain）.Since the 1920s，archaeologists （5） have discovered （discover） more than 50，000 ancient items at Sanxingdui.
The latest finds enrich and deepen archaeologists'（6） understanding （understand） of how civilization developed in ancient China.In particular，evidence of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley， （7） which was traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
Though not yet recognized （8） as a UNESCO World Heritage Site，Sanxingdui is on the organization's "possible future list".Along with other Shu archaeological （9） sites （site），it is considered by the UN agency to be "（10） an outstanding representative of the Bronze Age Civilization of China，East Asia and even the world".
【答案】（1）Weighing（2）newly（3）made（4）to explain（5）have discovered（6）understanding（7）which（8）as（9）sites（10）an
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了最近中国四川省的一处考古遗址发现了大量文物，这些文物是中国、东亚乃至世界青铜时代文明的杰出代表。
【解答】（1）考查现在分词。句意：这个金面具重约280克，估计含金量为84%，是新发现的6个"祭祀坑"出土的500多件物品之一。主句主语the gold mask与weigh之间存在主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填Weighing。
（2）考查副词。句意：这个金面具重约280克，估计含金量为84%，是新发现的6个"祭祀坑"出土的500多件物品之一。修饰动词discover用副词形式。故填newly。
（3）考查过去分词。句意：除了金面具，考古学家还发现了青铜器、金箔以及象牙、玉石和骨头制成的物品。名词items与make之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填made。
（4）考查动词不定式。句意：这六个坑还出土了一个神秘的木箱和一个难以解释的青铜器。句型：主语 + be + adj. + to do，此句型要求不定式为主动形式。故填to explain。
（5）考查动词时态。句意：自20世纪20年代以来，考古学家已经在三星堆发现了5万多件古代物品。根据时间状语Since the 1920s可知，本句谓语为现在完成时，主语为archaeologists，复数，所以谓语动词用have。故填have discovered。
（6）考查不可数名词。句意：最新的发现丰富和深化了考古学家对中国古代文明如何发展的理解。根据空前的所有格archaeologists'可知，空处为名词形式，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填understanding。
（7）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：特别是，独特的蜀文化证据表明，这个王国独立于黄河流域的周边社会发展起来，黄河流域传统上被认为是中国文明的发源地。句中先行词为the Yellow River Valley，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（8）考查介词。句意：尽管三星堆还没有被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产，但它已经在该组织的"未来可能名单"上了。短语：be recognized as…被认为是……。故填as。
（9）考查可数名词的复数。句意：与蜀国其他考古遗址一样，它被联合国机构认为是"中国、东亚乃至世界青铜时代文明的杰出代表"。根据上文的other可知，空处为名词的复数形式，故填sites。
（10）考查冠词。句意：与蜀国其他考古遗址一样，它被联合国机构认为是"中国、东亚乃至世界青铜时代文明的杰出代表"。修饰可数名词单数，泛指，用不定冠词；空后outstanding为元音音素开头，所以用an。故填an。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
12．There is a reason why we dream.Dreams aren't just a product（1） that/which our brain develops while we sleep.There is something more to it than that.It's from reams that some of the greatest inventions of man have become a（2） reality （real）.
There（3） is （be）a very simple exercise to start recalling your dreams.Before（4） going （go）to bed，for at east 24 days，keep telling yourself，"I will remember all my dreams."（5） At first，you may not see any results at all，but just insist.After a while you will（6） probably （probable）notice that vague（模糊的）memories of your dreams will stay in （7） your （you）mind when you wake up.As you continue to do this，you will notice that it's not just one dream that comes back to you （8） but a number of dreams.
Now the fun doesn't just stop there.Try to understand what your dreams mean，and see if it applies to something that is happening in your everyday life.Many of the （9） problems （problem）we struggle with have already been solved in our （10） amazing （amaze）mind.These answers come to us in the form of dreams.
【答案】（1）that/which（2）reality（3）is（4）going（5）At（6）probably（7）your（8）but（9）problems（10）amazing
【分析】本文讲述如何记住我们所做的梦的方法，并且尝试理解梦的意义。
【解答】（1）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：梦不仅仅是我们睡觉时大脑发育出来的产物。分析句子结构，先行词a product为物，在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。
（2）reality.考查名词。句意：人类一些最伟大的发明正是从梦中变成现实的。空处作表语，前面有不定冠词，所以用单数名词，故填reality。
（3）is.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：有一个非常简单的练习可以让你回忆起你的梦。there be句式，主语在be后面，本句主语为a very simple exercise，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式；根据下一句的谓语动词keep可知，句子用一般现在时，故填is。
（4）going.考查动名词。句意：在睡觉前，至少24天，不断地告诉自己："我会记住我所有的梦。" before为介词，后跟动名词，故填going。
（5）At.考查介词。句意：一开始，你可能根本看不到任何结果。at first起初，为固定搭配，故填At。
（6）probably.考查副词。句意：过了一段时间，你可能会注意到，你的梦中模糊的记忆会留在你的脑海里。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填probably。
（7）your.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：过了一段时间，你可能会注意到，你的梦中模糊的记忆会留在你的脑海里。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词，故填your。
（8）but.考查连词。句意：当你继续这样做的时候，你会注意到，不仅仅是一个梦，还有很多个梦。not just...but （also） 不但...而且，为固定搭配，故填but。
（9）problems.考查名词的数。句意：我们奋斗的许多问题已经在我们神奇的头脑中解决了。前面有many，所以用复数名词，故填problems。
（10）amazing.考查形容词。句意：我们奋斗的许多问题已经在我们神奇的头脑中解决了。空处作定语修饰名词mind，所以用形容词，表示"令人吃惊的"，故填amazing。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
13．（2021秋 松江区期末）
Three Myths About Skin
We put importance into caring for skin since it's the first thing other people see.Skin might be one of the least correctly （1） interpreted （interpret） parts of our bodies.So today，I'd like to run through three myths we have about skin.
Myth No.1：Healthy skin is skin that looks perfect.When we talk of healthy skin，we（2） might / may / will think of a clear and smooth surface.But skin is a living organ，（3） like heart or lungs and any other complex organ，serving many functions，not just about what's going on at the surface.
Myth No.2：You only need sunscreen on sunny days.UV rays from the sun are so strong that（4） they damage our cells' DNA.There are two types that affect the skin.UVA rays damage protein in skin，quickening the pace of aging.UVB rays，meanwhile，cook the outer layer of the skin，causing sunburn.（5） While/Although/Though our cells can repair that damage to some extent，it accumulates over time，and can lead to skin cancer.When our skin （6） is exposed （expose） to UV rays，it gets darker，which is the way of showing it's been damaged.So by wearing sunscreen，even when it's cloudy，you are protecting yourself from sunburn，early aging and skin cancer.
Myth No.3：You can shrink pores.Pores are the tiny openings in our skin.They're （7） what let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin.Pore size is largely determined by genes，（8） whose function is to carry information for particular characteristics，and rarely