2016年高考北京卷英语试题解析（精编版）
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绝密★启用前
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时间为120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
试题总评：
从整体上看难度略有提升，过渡较平稳。试题
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)重点突出，命题思路清晰，重视对思维能力和全面文化素质的考察，强调交际运用。整套试卷很好地体现了语言教学的特色：既融语言及情感、又兼顾知识与能力。
一、语法部分难度适中，注重基础知识的考察。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点分布：时态语态（4道），非谓语动词（3道），从句（5道），虚拟语气、情态动词、并列连词（各1道）。
二、阅读部分体裁丰富，话题较贴近生活。从完
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)形、阅读到七选五，关注社会、自然以及自我价值的实现。篇幅难度与2015年北京高考基本持平，阅读题目重视细节题目的考察。阅读D篇是一篇议论文，篇幅较长。文章论述了大学在培养学生自主性和认同感方面的重要性，文章有一定的难度，尤其是第70题文章结构题。通过第四段的“equally
important”及第五段段首的“moreover”等逻辑词可推知文章结构。
三、应用文题材新颖，综合考察了考生的日常积累能力。谈及人物的贡献和对自己的影响时，考生有可能会遇到大量的词汇障碍，故难度较去年明显提升。
四、情景作文话题较为常规，整体难度适中。“地球日”系列活动属于保护环境的体裁内容，对于考生并不陌生。
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45
分）
第一节单项填空（共
15
小题；每小题
1
分，共
15
分）
从每题所给的
ABCD
四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s
so
nic
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
to
hear
from
her
again
________,we
last
met
more
than
thirty
years
ago.
What’s
more
B.That’s
to
say
C.In
other
words
D.Believe
it
or
not
答案是D。
21.Jackin
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
A.works
B.has
worked
C.was
working
D.would
work
【答案】C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)
二、过去进行时的用法：
1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。
例如：At
this
moment
yesterday,
I
was
packing
for
camp.
昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。
2、表移动的动词，如come,
go,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
arrive,
leave,
start,
begin,
return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。
例如：She
told
me
th
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)at
she
was
going
to
Hainan
for
her
holiday.
她告诉我她将去海南度假。
3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。
例如：It
was
raining
when
they
left
the
station.
他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When
I
got
to
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)he
top
of
the
mountain,
the
sun
was
shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。
例如：One
night,
he
was
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)yping
in
his
study.
Suddenly,
a
man
broke
into
his
house
and
cut
off
the
electricity.
一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源。
22.I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
A.whose
B.why
C.where
D.which
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查定语从句
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)的关系词。a
couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，相当于the
children
of
whom，故选A。
考点：考查定语从句
【名师点睛】
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who,
whom,
whose,
that,
which,
as
等）和关系副词
（when,
where,
why等）
1.
关系代词所代替的先
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
eg.
An
architect
is
a
person
who
/
that
designs
houses
and
buildings.
The
city
where
/
in
which
I
was
born
is
on
the
new
railway
line.
2.
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。
eg.
I
find
it
diff
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)icult
to
cooperate
with
those
who
always
stick
to
their
own
opinions.
I
find
it
difficult
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
to
cooperate
with
the
one
who
always
sticks
to
his
own
opinion.
The
suit
(which
/
that
)
the
tailor
made
for
me
doesn’t
fit
me.
3.
非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that,
关系副词why,
不可用于非限定性定语从句。
4.
作介词宾语的关系代词
在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。
eg.
The
man
with
whom
you
shook
hands
just
now
is
head
of
our
department.
Mrs.
Nye,
with
w
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hom
you
shook
hands
just
now,
is
head
of
our
department.
The
room
in
which
my
family
live
used
to
be
a
garage.
23.—Excuse
me,which
movie
are
you
waiting
for?
—The
new
Star
Wars.Wehere
for
more
than
two
hours.
A.waited
B.wait
C.would
be
waiting
D.have
been
waiting
【答案】D
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has
been+
-ing形式”构成。用法如下：
1.
现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。
-Hi,
Tracy,
you
look
tired.
-I
am
tired.
I
have
been
painting
the
living
room
all
day.
They
have
been
living
here
for
10
years.
他们住在这里十年了。
2.
表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。
I
have
been
waiting
you
for
about
one
hour.。(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)
She
has
been
working
all
night
long.
3.
表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停）
We’ve
been
discussing
the
matter
several
times
this
year.
I
have
been
saying
goodbye
to
some
friends
today.
24.Your
support
is
important
to
our
work.you
can
do
helps.
A.However
B.Whoever
C.Whatever
D.Wherever
【答案】C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)【名师点睛】
主语从句
Subject
Clauses
(在主语的位置上)
1.
从句的连接词可以是that,
也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。
That
he
is
a
famous
singer
is
known
to
us.=
It
is
known
to
us
that…
Whether
we
shall
attend
the
meeting
hasn’t
been
decided
yet.
Who
will
go
makes
no
difference.
It
is
known
to
us
that
he
is
a
famous
singer.
It
is
not
yet
fixed
when
he
will
go
to
America.
本题中，whatever引导主语从句，同时作do的宾语。
2.
wh和ever
连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别
区分使用wh-和wh-ever:
wh
有疑问的意思；wh-ever有肯定强调的意思
Who
will
be
invited
hasn’t
been
decided.
Whoever
comes
here
is
welcomed.
A
reward
of
$1,000
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)will
be
given
to
whoever
can
provide
any
clues
to
the
case.
The
gift
will
be
given
to
whomever
I
like.
wh-ever
在引导名词性从句时不能用no
matter
wh-来替换，但在引导状语从句时可以替换
Whatever
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
=
No
matter
what
happened,
he……
考点：考查主语从句
25.Ihalf
of
the
En
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)glish
novel,and
I’ll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
A.read
B.have
read
C.am
reading
D.will
read
【答案】B
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
现在完成时基本用法：
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)造成的影响或结果，常与already,
yet,
ever,
never,
just，before
等词连用。
例如：Have
you
ever
cooked
at
home?
你吃晚饭了吗？
You
have
already
grown
much
taller.你已经长高了许多。
2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since
用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How
long.
例如：It
has
been
five
years
since
he
joined
the
army
.他参军五年了。
They
have
learned
English
for
eight
years
.他们已学了八年的英语了。
3、现在完成时需注意的问题：
○1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear,
begin,
borrow,
lend,
buy,
close,
come,
die,
fall,
find,
finish,
join,
kill,
leave,
sell,
stop等。
例如：He
has
joined
the
army
for
five
years.
（错误）
He
has
been
in
the
army
for
five
years.(正确)
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I
have
received
his
letter
for
a
month.
（对）I
haven't
received
his
letter
for
almost
a
month.
○2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday,
last
week,
in
1998,two
days
ago等。
○3have/has
been
to
和have/has
gone
to
的区别：
have/has
been
to
去过某地，现在已经回来；
have/has
gone
to
去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那里。
○4比较一般过去时与现在完成时
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday,
last
week，…ago,
in1980,
in
October,
just
now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。
I
saw
this
film
yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了）
I
have
seen
this
film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why
did
you
get
up
so
early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了）
He
has
been
a
League
member
for
three
years.
（强调他是团员）
现在完成时考点分析：
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during
/
in
/over
the
last(past)few
years
(months,
weeks)、in
recent
years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时
It
is
(has
been)
+
一段时间
+
since从句
This(That
/
It)is
the
first(second…)time
that
+
完成时
This(That
/
It)is
the
only
…
+
that
+
完成时
This(that
/
It)is
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
best
/
finest
/
most
interesting
…
+
that
从句
+
完成时
③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：
I
shall
post
the
letter
as
soon
as
I
have
written
it.
If
you
have
done
the
experiment,
you
will
realize
the
theory
better.
Don’t
get
off
the
bus
until
it
has
stopped.
26.it
easier
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)o
get
in
touch
with
us,
you’d
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
A.
Made
B.
Make
C.
Making
D.
To
make
【答案】D
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查不定式作目的状语
【名师点睛】
一、不定式的作用
作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it
作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：
It
took
us
two
hours
to
finish
the
job.
It
is
impossible
for
us
to
get
there
on
time.
It
is
very
kind
of
you
to
help
us.
注意：（1）其他系动词如look,
appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It
is
…to…的句型。试比较：
It
is
to
negate
my
own
idea
to
believe
him.（错）
To
believe
him
is
to
negate
my
own
idea
.（对）
（3）It
is+
adj.
of
/
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of,
否则用
for.
作宾语
(1)
动词+不定式。如：
He
managed
to
escape
from
the
fire.
I
find
it
hard
to
get
along
with
him.（it
作形式宾语）
注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：wan
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)t,
try,
hope,
wish,
need,
forget,
know,
promise,
refuse,
help,
decide,
begin,
start,
learn,
agree,
choose,
get等
动词+疑问词+to
,
“特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：
I
don’t
know
what
to
do
next/
how
to
do
it
next.
I
can’t
decide
when
to
go
there.
注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it
作形式宾语。如：
I
find
it
necessary
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
作宾语补足语
动词+宾语+不定式（to
do
）。如：
He
warned
me
to
be
careful.
I
want
you
to
speak
to
Tom.
What
makes
you
think
so?
（不带to的不定式）
注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)动词有：ask,
tell,
order
,want
,get,
would
like,
like,
advise,
invite,
allow,
help,
wish,
warn,
expect,
would
prefer,
encourage
表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+
to
be
的不定式结构。如：
We
consider
Tom
to
be
one
of
the
best
students
in
our
class.
The
book
is
believed
to
be
useful.（被动语态）
(3)
There
+不定式。如：
We
didn’t
expect
there
to
be
so
many
people
there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意：（1）有些动词需用
as
短语作补语，像regard,
think,
believe,
take,
consider。如：
We
regard
Eric
as
our
best
teacher.
我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师。
Mary
took
him
as
her
father.
玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
(4)
在动词feel
（一感），hea
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)r,
listen
to（二听），have,
let,
make（三让），notice,
see,
watch,
observe,
look
at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：
They
saw
the
boy
fall
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)off
the
tree.
The
boy
was
seen
to
fall
off
the
tree.
(5)
help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
I
often
help
him
（to）clean
the
room.
I
helped
him
(to)
find
his
things.
作定语
不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：
I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do.（动宾关系）
He
is
looking
for
a
room
to
live
in.（动状关系）
He
is
the
first
person
to
think
of
the
idea.（主谓关系）
He
has
got
a
chance
to
go
abroad.（同位关系）
注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如：
Do
you
have
anything
else
to
say?
2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：
I
need
a
pe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)n
to
write
with.
(I
will
write
with
the
pen
)
(我需要一支钢笔写字)
I
have
a
lit
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tle
baby
to
look
after.
(I
must
look
after
the
little
baby
)
(我有一个婴儿要照看)
5.
作状语
作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in
order
to
,
so
as
to,
so…as
to,
such
…as
to,
….enough
to,
too…to等。
做目的状语，just
to,
onl
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)y
to
（仅仅为了）,
in
order
to,
so
as
to,
so(such)….as
to…（如此···以便···）如：
He
ran
so
fast
as
to
catch
the
first
bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He
came
to
the
school
to
see
his
son.
作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：
He
hurried
to
the
post
office
only
to
find
it
was
closed.
He
searched
the
room
only
to
find
nothing.
做原因状语。如：
We
were
very
excited
to
hear
the
news.
I’m
glad
to
see
you.
做条件状语。如：
To
turn
to
the
left,
you
could
find
a
post
office.
6.
作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：
The
question
is
how
to
put
it
into
practice.
My
question
is
when
to
leave.
His
dream
is
to
be
a
doctor.
Her
work
is
to
look
after
the
babies.
注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。
2.当主语是不定式时，表语不能用V+ing形式，可用不定式。
如：To
see
is
to
believe.
（眼见为实）(Seeing
is
believing.
)
7独立结构。如：
To
tell
you
the
truth,
I
don’t
agree
with
you.
To
make
matters
worse,
it
began
to
rain.
不定式的时态和语态
不定式的时态
现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：
He
seems
to
know
this.
I
hope
to
see
you
again.
完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I’m
sorry
to
have
given
you
so
much
trouble.
He
seems
to
have
caught
a
cold.
进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
He
seems
to
be
eating
something.
（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：
She
is
known
to
have
been
working
on
the
problem
for
many
years.
不定式的语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：
He
was
seen
to
ente
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)r
the
hall.
He
asked
to
be
sent
to
work
in
Tibet.
省to
的动词不定式
情态动词（除ought
外，ought
to）
would
rather,
had
better.
感官动词
see,
watc
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)h,
look
at,
notice,
observe,
hear,
listen
to,
smell,
feel
等后作宾补，省略
to.
注意：在被动语态中
to
不能省略掉。如：
I
saw
him
dance.
He
was
seen
to
dance.
The
boss
made
them
work
the
whole
night.
They
were
made
to
work
the
whole
night.
使役动词
let,
have,
make.
由
and,
or
和
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)han
连接的两个不定式，第二个
to
可以省去。如：He
wants
to
move
to
France
and
marry
the
girl.
help
可带
to
,也可不带to,
help
sb.
(to)
do
sth.
Why
don’t
you…/Why
not…
but
和
except
前是动词
do
时，后面出现的动词用不带
to
的动词不定式。试比较：
He
wants
to
do
nothing
but
go
out.
He
wants
to
believe
anything
but
to
take
the
medicine.
通常在discover,
imagine,
suppose,
think,
understand
等词后，可以省去
to
be
.如：
He
is
supposed
(to
be)
nice.
他应该是个好人。
27.My
grandfather
sti
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ll
plays
tennis
now
and
then,he’s
in
his
nineties.
A.as
long
as
B.as
if
C.
even
though
D.in
case
【答案】C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查状语从句
【名师点睛】
1.
引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有
in
order
that,
so
that,
in
case,
for
fear等。如：
He
raised
his
voice
so
that
everyone
could
hear.
他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。
Take
your
umbrella
(just)
in
case
it
rains.
带上雨伞，以防下雨。
She
repeated
the
instr
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)uctions
slowly
in
order
that
he
should
understand.
她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。
2.
引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so
that,
so…that,
such…that等。如：
I
went
to
the
lecture
early
so
that
I
got
a
good
seat.
我去听演讲去得很早,
所以找个好座位。
3.
引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有a
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)lthough,
though,
even
though,
even
if,
while,
however,
whatever,
whoever,
whenever,
wherever等。如：
Although
they
are
twins,
they
look
entirely
different.
他们虽是孪生,
但是相貌却完全不同。
4.
引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as,
as
if,
as
though,
the
way等。如：
Why
didn't
you
catch
the
last
bus
as
I
told
you
to?
你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?
5.
引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where,
wherever,
everywhere,
anywhere等。如：
The
church
was
built
where
there
had
once
been
a
Roman
temple.
这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。
6.
引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和as…as。如：
She
was
now
happier
than
she
had
ever
been.
现在她比过去任何时候都快活。
28.______
over
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
A.
Ordering
B.
To
order
C.
Having
ordered
D.
Ordered
【答案】D
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查过去分词作状语
【名师点睛】
分词作状语
1.
分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on
doing
sth.
=as
soon
as。
2.
分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。
3.
分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。
4.
分词作条件状语相当于if
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)unless等引导的从句。常见的引导条件状语的分词有given，supposing,
considering,
provided,
compared
with等。
5.
分词作结果状语相当于so
that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。
6.
分词作让步状语相当于though或者even
if等引导的让步状语从句。
29.The
most
pleasant
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
_____
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
why
【答案】B
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查表语从句
【名师点睛】
表语从句
Predictive
Clauses
(在be动词
后)
1.
从句的连接词可以是that,
也可以是wh-的特殊疑问词。
The
fact
is
that
she
never
liked
him.
The
question
is
whether
the
movie
is
worth
seeing.
The
question
is
who
can
complete
the
difficult
task.
This/That/It
is
because
…
I
think
it
is
because
you
are
doing
too
much.
The
reason
why…is
that…
The
reason
why
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)play
is
successful
is
that
it
appeals
to
many
different
people.
2.
只能用whether
的情况
在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中
在介词后的宾语从句中
It
all
depends
on
whether
they
will
support
us.
在不定式之前
He
doesn’t
know
whether
to
stay
or
not.
从句中有or
not时
He
doesn’t
know
whether
he
should
stay
or
not.
30.The
students
h
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ave
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts______
success
in
the
end.
A.
rewarded
B.
were
rewarded
C.
will
reward
D.
will
be
rewarded
【答案】D
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查时态和语态
【名师点睛】
一般将来时
①表示未来的动作或状态常用will
/
shall
+
动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next
week等）。
②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll
die
without
air
or
water.
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
④be
going
to与will
/
shall,
be
to
do,
be
about
to
do用法及区别：
A
shall
/
will
do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。
B
be
going
to
表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；
be
going
to
表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：
If
it
is
fine,
we’ll
go
fishing.(正确)
If
it
is
fine,
we
are
going
to
go
fishing.(错误)
C
be
to
do
sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A
meeting
is
to
be
held
at
3:00
o’clock
this
afternoon.
D
be
about
to
do
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用，构成常考句型：sb
was
about
to
do
when
sb
did
sth。
Autumn
harvest
is
about
to
start.
被动语态的构成
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在时
am/is/are+p.p
am/is/are+being+
p.p
have/has+been
+
p.p
过去时
was/were+
p.p
was/were+being+
p.p
had
+been
+
p.p
将来时
shall/will+be+p.p
shall/will+have
been+
p.p
注意：
含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词（can,
may
must,
have
to等）+be
+动词的-ed形式构成。
含有“be
going
to
,
be
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
to,
used
to,
be
about
to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态：其构成为“be
going
to
（be
to,
used
to,
be
about
to）+
be
+动词的-ed形式”。
31.I
love
the
wee
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)kend,because
I_____
get
up
early
on
Saturdays
and
Sundays.
A.
needn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
wouldn’t
D.
shouldn’t
【答案】A
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查情态动词
【名师点睛】
常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need,should,
had
better.
1.
can
的用法：
①
表示能力
“能，会”
eg:
He
can
speak
a
little
Japanese.他会说一点日语。
②
表示请求或许可
“可以”
eg:
Can
I
help
you?
要我帮忙吗?
③
表示猜测
“可能”
eg:
Where
can
she
go
now?
她可能到哪里去了呢?
2.may
的用法：
①表示请求或允许
“可以”“准许”
eg:
May
I
go
home，please?请问我可以回家吗?
②
表示可能性
“
可能”、
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)也许”
eg:
I
think
it
may
rain
this
afternoon.
我想今天下午可能下雨。
注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。
eg:
①
He
might
not
come
today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定)
②You
might
al
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)so
get
a
headache
when
you
work
too
hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛
3.
must的用法：
①表示义务、必要或命令
“必须、应该”
eg:
You
must
come
early
tomorrow．你明天得早来。
②
表示推测时
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)“肯定，一定”
eg:
They
must
be
at
home.The
light
is
on
他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢.
③
must
not
禁止，不许
eg:
You
must
not
tell
lies.
你不许撒谎。
注意：
①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用
don't
have
to
或needn't
。而不用mustn't
eg:
---Must
I
finish
my
homework
first?
我必须先完成作业吗？
---No,
you
don't
have
to/
needn't.
不，你不必。
②
can
和
must在
表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must
常用于肯定句中。
eg:
①It
can
not
be
Li
Lei
那个人不可能是李磊
②
It
must
be
Li
Lei
那个人肯定是李磊。
4.
need
的用法：
①
情态动词
“需要,
有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
eg:
You
needn't
come
here
this
afternoon.你今天下午不必来。
②
行为动词
“需要,
有必要”
可以用于各种句式中。
eg:
①You
don't
need
to
go
now.
你不必现在就走。
②
I
need
to
have
a
rest.
我需要休息一下
③
Do
we
need
to
finish
all
the
work
today?
我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？
need的用法的助记口诀：
实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。
need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。
情态动词表“需要”，没有人称
数之变。
其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。
32.Newly-built
wo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)oden
cottages
line
the
street,
_______
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
A.
turn
B.
turning
C.
to
turn
D.
turned
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查现在分
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。
考点：考查现在分词
【名师点睛】
现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling
leaves
正在下落的树叶
fallen
leaves
已经落在地上的树叶
分词的作用
作定语
单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：
The
sleeping
boy
is
my
son.
The
excited
people
rushed
into
the
building.
A
lost
opportunity
never
returns.
He
is
a
retired
worker.
分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：
The
girl
standing
under
the
tree
is
my
niece.
The
building
built
last
year
is
our
library.
This
is
the
question
given.
There
is
nothing
interesting.
过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most
of
the
people
invited
to
the
party
were
famous
scientists
2.
The
first
tex
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tbook
______
for
teaching
English
as
a
foreign
language
came
out
in
the
16th
century.
A.
have
written
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
to
be
written
C.
being
written
D.
written
3.
What’s
the
language
______
in
Germany?
A.
speaking
B.
spoken
C.
be
spoken
D.
to
speak
4.
Prices
of
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)daily
goods
______
through
a
computer
can
be
lower
than
store
prices.
A.
are
bought
B.
bought
C.
been
bought
D.
buying.
5.
When
I
got
b
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ack
home
I
saw
a
message
pinned
to
the
door
______
“Sorry
to
miss
you;
will
call
later.”
A.
read
B.
reads
C.
to
read
D.
reading
作状语
现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Not
receiving
any
letter
from
him,
I
gave
him
a
call.
As
I
didn’t
receive
any
letter
from
him,
I
gave
him
a
call.
Given
more
attention,
the
trees
could
have
grown
better.
If
more
attention
was
given,
the
trees
could
have
grown
better.(条件)
Walking
along
the
street,
I
ran
across
my
old
friend.
Bitten
by
a
snake,
he
was
taken
to
hospital(原因).
Though
defeated,
he
didn’t
lose
heart.
(让步)
He
lay
on
the
grass,
looking
into
the
sky.
(伴随)
He
came
running
to
tell
me
the
good
news.
(方式)
6.
______
some
officials,
Napoleon
inspected
his
army.
A.
Followed
B.
Foll
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)owed
by
C.
Being
followed
D.
Having
been
followed
7.
There
was
a
terrible
noise______
the
sudden
burst
of
light.
A.
followed
B.
following
C.
to
be
followed
D.
being
followed
8.
______,
liquids
can
be
changed
into
gases.
A.
Heating
B.
To
be
heated
C.
Heated
D.
Heat
注意：
选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：
（Being）Used
for
a
long
time,
the
book
looks
old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using
the
book,
I
find
it
useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。
9.
When______,
the
museum
will
be
open
to
the
public
next
year.
A.
completed
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
completing
C.
being
completed
D.
to
be
completed
10.
______
such
he
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)avy
pollution
already,
the
river
becomes
dead
water.
A.
Having
suffered
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
Suffering
C.
To
suffer
D.
Suffered
作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：
The
film
is
touching.
The
glass
is
broken.
She
looked
tired
with
cooking.
He
remained
standing
beside
the
table.
作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：
I
smell
something
burning.
I
heard
him
singing
the
song.
I
heard
my
name
called.
I
can’t
make
myself
understood
in
English.
I
found
my
car
missing.
I’ll
have
my
watch
repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally
speaking
一般说来
talking
of
(speaking
of)
说到
strictly
speaking
严格地说
judging
from
从···判断
all
things
considere
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
从整体来看
taking
all
things
into
consideration
全面看来。如：
Judging
from
his
face,
he
must
be
ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally
speaking,
dogs
can
run
faster
than
pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。
二、分词的时态
与主语动词同时。如：
Arriving
there,
they
found
the
boy
dead.
11.
The
secretary
w
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)orked
late
into
the
night,
______
a
long
speech
for
the
president.
A.
to
prepare
B.
preparing
C.
prepared
D.
was
preparing
先于主语动词
分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having
done。如：
Having
finished
his
homework,
he
went
out
for
a
walk.
After
he
had
finished
his
homework,
he
went
out
for
a
walk.
12.
______
a
reply,
he
decided
to
write
again.
A.
Not
receivin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)g
B.
Receiving
not
C.
Not
having
received
D.
Having
not
received
三、分词的语态
通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：
He
is
the
man
giving
you/who
gave
you
the
book
She
is
the
girl
stopped
by/who
was
stopped
by
the
car.
不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)生。像：gone,
fallen,
retired,
grown-up,
escaped,
faded,
returned等词。如：
a
retired
person
一个退休的人
a
fallen
ball
一个落下来的球
a
burnt-out
match
烧完了的火柴
33.I
really
en
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)joy
listening
to
music
___
it
helps
me
relax
and
takes
my
mind
away
from
other
cares
of
the
day.
A.
because
B.before
C.
unless
D.
until
【答案】A
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查原因状语从句
【名师点睛】
从属连词的用法
1.
引导时间状语从句的从属连词
(1)
表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的
when,
while,
as,
whenever。如：
Don't
talk
while
you're
eating.
吃饭时不要说话。
He
came
just
as
I
was
leaving.
我正要走时他来了。
(2)
表示“在……之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before,
after。如：
Try
to
finish
your
work
before
you
leave.
离开前设法把工作做完。
(3)
表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since,
until,
till。如：
She's
been
playing
tennis
since
she
was
eight.
她从八岁起就打网球了。
Never
trouble
trouble
till
trouble
troubles
you.
(谚)不要无事惹事。
(4)
表示“一……就”的时间连词。主要的有
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)as
soon
as,
the
moment,
the
minute,
the
second,
the
instant,
immediately,
directly,
instantly,
once,
no
sooner…than,
hardly…when等。如：
I'll
let
you
know
as
soon
as
I
hear
from
her.
我一接她的信就通知你。
(5)
表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)的时间连词。主要的有every
time(每次)，each
time(每次)，(the)
next
time(下次)，any
time(随时)，(the)
last
time(上次)，the
first
time(第一次)。如：
I'll
tell
him
about
it
(the)
next
time
I
see
him.
我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。
注意：every
time,
each
ti
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)me,
any
time前不用冠词，(the)
next
time,
(the)
last
time中的冠词可以省略，而the
first
time中的冠词通常不能省略。
2.
引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if,
unless,
as
[so]
long
as,
in
case
等。如：
Do
you
mind
if
I
open
the
window?我开窗你不介意吧?
注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的
if之后可能用
will，但那不是将来时态,
而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如：
If
you
will
sit
down
f
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)or
a
few
moments,
I'll
tell
the
manager
you're
here.
请稍坐,
我这就通知经理说您来了。
3.
引导原因状语从句的从
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)属连词。主要的有because,
as,
since,
seeing
(that),
now
(that),
considering
(that)
等。如：
He
distrusted
me
because
I
was
new.
他不信任我，因为我是新来的。
34.Why
didn’t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
you
tell
me
about
your
trouble
last
week?
If
you
___
me,
I
could
have
helped.
A.
told
B.
had
told
C.
were
to
tell
D.
would
tell
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查虚拟语气。句意：你
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。
【名师点睛】
英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。
陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）
祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）
虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.
虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法
真实条件句
If
you
work
hard,you’ll
surely
pass
the
exam.
虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）
If
I
were
a
bird,
I
could
fly
freely
in
the
sky.
If
it
snowed
tomorrow,
we
would
stay
at
the
home.
if从句的谓语动词
主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反
动词过去式（be一律用were）
would/could/might/should+动词原形
2.与过去事实相反
had
done
would/could/might/should+have
done
3.与将来事实可能相反
a.动词过去式（be一律用were）b.should+动词原形（不能用would）c.were
to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词原形
与现在事实相反
if从句：动词过去式（be---were）
主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形
If
we
had
time,
we
would
go
with
you.
If
I
were
you,
I
shouldn’t
do
that.
If
it
weren’t
raining,
we
wouldn’t
stay.
与过去事实相反
if从句：had
done
主句：would/could/might/should+have
done
If
the
teacher
hadn’t
helped
us,
we
couldn’t
have
succeeded.
I
could
have
done
it
better
if
I
had
been
more
careful.
If
he
hadn’t
been
ill,
he
might
have
come.
3.与将来事实可能相反
if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were）
b.should+动词原形（不能用would）
c.were
to+动词原形
主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形
If
he
came
tomorrow,
I
would
tell
him
everything.
If
it
should
rain
tomorrow,
I
would
stay
at
home
and
watch
TV.
If
it
were
to
snow
tomorrow,
they
would
not
go
out.
Should
he
come
tomorrow,
please
give
the
book
to
him.
错综时间条件句
在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。
If
you
had
spoken
to
him
yesterday,
you
would
know
what
to
do
now.
If
you
had
follow
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ed
the
doctor’s
advice
then,
you
would
be
all
right
now.
If
you
had
watere
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
them
more,
the
crops
would
be
growing
still
better
now.
(有时时间会省略）
含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。
They
would
not
be
able
to
live
without
him.（如果没有）
He
would
have
failed
but
for
his
teacher’s
timely
advice.
（要不是）=if
it
had
not
been
for
If
only
you
had
worked
with
greater
care!(要是......就好了）
You
would
have
done
the
same
thing
in
her
position.
With
a
little
more
care
you
could
have
avoid
the
traffic
accident.
虚拟结合条件句
在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。
I
was
ill
that
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
day.
Otherwise,
I
would
have
taken
part
in
the
singing
competition.
（实------虚）
=I
was
ill
that
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)day.
If
I
hadn’t
been
ill
that
day,
I
would
have
taken
part
in
the
singing
competition.
He
would
have
bought
the
piano,
but
he
didn’t
have
enough
money.
（虚------实）
=He
would
have
bou
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ght
the
piano
if
he
had
had
enough
money,
but
in
fact
he
didn’t
have
enough
money.
省略if倒装条件句
在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)果有助动词had,
should和were，那么可省略if，把had,
should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。
If
he
had
finishe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
the
work
yesterday,
he
would
have
gone
to
the
concert
with
you.
=Had
he
finished
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)the
work
yesterday,
he
would
have
gone
to
the
concert
with
you.
If
I
were
you,
I
wouldn’t
do
that.
=were
I
you,
I
wouldn’t
do
that.
If
I
should
meet
him,
I
would
tell
him
about
it.
=Should
I
meet
him,
I
would
tell
him
about
it.
考点：考查虚拟语气
35.I
am
not
afraid
of
tomorrow,
______
I
have
seen
yesterday
and
I
love
today.
A.
so
B.
and
C.
for
D.
but
【答案】C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)【名师点睛】
一、并列连词的用法
1.
表示转折
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有
but,
yet
等。如：
Someone
borrowed
my
pen,
but
I
don't
remember
who.有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。
2.
表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有
for,
so
等。如：
The
child
had
a
bad
cough,
so
his
mother
took
him
to
the
doctor.
这孩子咳得很利害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。
注意：for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。
3.
表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有
and
,
or
,
either…or
,
neither…nor
,
not
only…but
(also)
,
both…and
,
as
well
as
等。如：
He
didn't
go
and
she
didn't
go
either.
他没去，她也没去。
The
weather
is
mild
today;
it
is
neither
hot
nor
cold.
今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。
考点：考查并列连词
第二节
完形填空（共
20
小题；每小题
1.5
分，共
30
分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的
A、B、C、D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。
A
Race
Against
Death
It
was
a
col
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
January
in
1925
in
North
Alaska.
The
town
was
cut
off
from
the
rest
of
the
world
due
to
heavy
snow.
On
the
20th
o
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)f
that
month,
Dr.Welch
36
a
Sick
boy,
Billy,
and
knew
he
had
diphtheria,
a
deadly
infectious(传染的)disease
mainly
affecting
children.
The
children
of
Nome
would
be
37
if
it
struck
the
town.
Dr.Welch
needed
medicine
as
soon
as
possible
to
stop
other
kids
from
getting
sick.
38
,
the
closest
supply
was
over
1,000
miles
away,
in
Anchorage.
How
could
the
me
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)dicine
get
to
Nome?
The
town`s
39
was
already
full
of
ice,
so
it
couldn’t
come
by
ship.
Cars
and
horses
couldn’t
travel
on
the
40
roads.
Jet
airplanes
and
big
trucks
didn’t
exist
yet.
41
January
26,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
Billy
and
three
other
children
had
died.
Twemty
more
were
42
.
Nome`s
town
officials
came
up
with
a(n)
43
.
They
would
have
the
medicine
sent
by
44
from
Anchorage
to
Nenana.
From
there,
dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known
as
“mushers”—would
45
it
to
Nome
in
a
relay(接力).
The
race
began
on
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)January
27.
The
first
musher,
Shannon,
picked
up
the
medicine
from
the
train
at
Nenana
and
rode
all
night.
46
he
handed
the
medicine
to
the
next
musher,
Shannon`s
face
was
black
from
the
extreme
cold.
On
January
31,a
m
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)usher
named
Seppala
had
to
47
a
frozen
body
of
water
called
Norton
Sound
.It
was
the
most
48
part
of
the
journey.
Norton
Sound
was
covered
with
ice,which
could
sometimes
break
up
without
warning.If
that
happened,Seppala
might
fall
into
the
icy
water
below.He
would
49
,and
so
would
the
sick
children
of
Nome.But
Seppala
made
it
across.
A
huge
snowstorm
hit
on
February
1.Amusher
named
Kaasen
had
to
brave
this
storm.At
one
point,huge
piles
of
sonw
blocked
his
50
.He
had
to
leave
the
trail
(雪橇痕迹)to
get
around
them.Conditions
were
so
bad
that
it
was
impossible
for
him
to
51
the
trail
again.
The
only
hope
was
Balto,Kaasen’s
lead
dog,
Balto
put
his
nose
to
the
ground,
52
to
find
the
smell
of
other
dogs
that
had
traveled
on
the
trail.If
Balto
failed,it
would
mean
disaster
for
Nome.The
minutes
passed
by.Suddenly,
Balto
began
to
53
.He
had
found
the
trail.
At
5:30
am
on
Febru
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ary
2,
Kaasen
and
his
dog
54
in
Nome.
Within
minutes,Dr.Welch
had
the
medicine.He
quickly
gave
it
to
the
sick
children.All
of
them
recovered.
Nome
had
been
55
.
36.A.examined
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.warned
C.interviewed
D.cured
37.A.harmless
B.helpless
C.
fearless
D.careless
38.A.Moreover
B.Therefore
C.Otherwise
D.However
39.A.airport
B.station
C.
harbor
D.border
40.A.narrow
B.
snowy
C.busy
D.dirty
41.A.From
B.On
C.By
D.After
42.A.tired
B.upset
C.
pale
D.sick
43.A.plan
B.excuse
C.message
D.topic
44.A.air
B.rail
C.
sea
D.road
45.A.carry
B.return
C.
mail
D.give
46.A.Though
B.Since
C.
When
D.If
47.A.enter
B.move
C.
visit
D.cross
48.A.shameful
B.boring
C.dangerous
D.foolish
49.A.escape
B.bleed
C.
swim
D.die
50.A.memory
B.exit
C.way
D.destination
51.A.find
B.fix
C.
pass
D.change
52.A.pretending
B.trying
C.
asking
D.learning
53.A.run
B.leave
C.
bite
D.play
54.A.gathered
B.stayed
C.
camped
D.arrived
55.A.controlled
B.saved
C.founded
D.developed
【答案】
36.A
37.B
38.D
39.C
40.B
41.C
42.D
43.A
44.B
45.A
46.C
47.D
48.C
49.D
50.C
51.A
52.B
53.A
54.D
55.B
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)45.
A考查动词辨析。A.carry运送，携带；B.return返回，归还；C.
mail邮寄；D.give给。然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把药物接力送到诺姆，故选A。
46.
C考查时间状语从
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)句。A.Though虽然；B.Since因为，自从；C.
When当；D.If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选C。
47.
D考查动词辨析。A.enter进
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)入；B.move移动；C.
visit拜访；D.cross穿过。根据“Norton
Sound
was
covered
with
ice”可知，Norton
Sound是一片冰冻的水域，Seppala必须穿过这片水域，故选D。
48.
C考查形容词辨析。A.s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hameful惭愧的；B.boring令人厌烦的；C.dangerous危险的；D.foolish愚蠢的。根据“which
could
sometimes
break
up
without
warning”可知，这是旅途最难的一部分，故选C。
49.
D考查动词辨析。A.es
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)cape逃跑；B.bleed流血；C.
swim游泳；D.die死亡。如果掉进寒冷的水中，Seppala会被冻死，诺姆的病童们也会去世，故选D。
50.
C考查名词辨析。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)A.memory记忆；B.exit出口；C.way道路；D.destination目的地。根据下一句可知，有的地方被大雪挡住了去路，Seppala不得不绕道行驶，故选C。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：人物故事类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
完型填空题的命题特点及答题方法
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)：
1.侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力
完型填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。
2.上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。例如第39空：A.airport机场；
B.station车站；C.
harbor
港口；D.border边境。根据“so
it
couldn’t
come
by
ship”可知，这里指港口结冰，故选C。
3.设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力
旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。
4.结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力
目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。
5.关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况想，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。例如第46空：A.Though虽然；B.Since因为，自从；C.
When当；D.If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选C。
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，20
分）
第一节（共
15
小题；每小题
2
分，共
30
分）
阅读下列短文：从每题所给的
A、B、C、D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。
A
Dear
Alfred,
I
want
to
tell
you
how
important
your
help
is
to
my
life.
Growing
up,
I
h
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ad
people
telling
me
I
was
too
slow,
though,
with
an
IQ
of
150
at
17,
I’m
anything
but
stupid.
The
fact
was
that
I
was
found
to
have
ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍).
Anxious
all
the
time,
I
was
unable
to
keep
focused
for
more
than
an
hour
at
a
time.
However,
when
som
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ething
did
interest
me,
I
could
become
absorbed.
In
high
school,
I
became
curious
about
the
computer,
and
built
my
first
website.
Moreover,
I
completed
the
senior
course
of
Computer
Basics,
plus
five
relevant
pre-college
courses.
While
I
was
explorin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)g
my
curiosity,
my
disease
got
worse.
I
wanted
to
go
to
college
after
high
school,
but
couldn’t
.
So,
I
was
killing
my
time
at
home
until
June
2012
when
I
discovered
the
online
computer
courses
of
your
training
center.
Since
then,
I
ha
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ve
taken
courses
like
Data
Science
and
Advanced
Mathematics.
Currently,
I’m
learning
your
Probability
course.
I
have
hundreds
of
printer
paper,
covered
in
self-written
notes
from
your
video.
This
has
given
me
a
purpose.
Last
year,
I
spent
all
my
time
looking
for
a
job
where,
without
dealing
with
the
public
,
I
could
work
alone,
but
still
have
a
team
to
talk
to.
Luckily,
I
discovered
the
job—Data
Analyst—this
month
and
have
been
going
full
steam
ahead.
I
want
to
prove
that
I
can
teach
myself
a
respectful
profession,
without
going
to
college,
and
be
just
as
good
as,
if
not
better
than,
my
competitors.
Thank
you.
You’ve
g
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)iven
me
hope
that
I
can
follow
my
heart.
For
the
first
time,
I
feel
good
about
myself
because
I’m
doing
something,
not
because
someone
told
me
I
was
doing
good.
I
feel
whole.
This
is
why
you’re
saving
my
life.
Yours,
Tanis
56.why
did’t
Tanis
go
to
college
after
high
school?
A.She
had
learned
enough
about
computer
science
B.
She
had
more
difficulty
keeping
foucesed
C.She
preferred
taking
online
courses
D.She
was
too
slow
to
learn
57.AS
for
the
working
environment,Tains
prefers____.
A
.working
by
herself
B.dealing
with
the
public
C.competing
against
others
D.staying
with
ADHD
students
58.Tanis
wrote
this
letter
in
order
to_____.
A.explain
why
she
was
interested
in
the
computer
B.share
the
ideas
she
had
for
her
profession
C
.show
how
grateful
she
was
to
the
center
D.describe
the
courses
she
had
taken
so
far
【答案】
56.B
57.A
58.C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：人物故事类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
细节理解题的类型：
1、直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。56、57题都可以直接在文中找到有关信息。
2、间接信息题
做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。
3、数字计算题
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
4、排列顺序题
这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
5、图表图画题
在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。
B
Surviving
Hurricane
Sandy(飓风桑迪)
Natalie
Doan,1
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)4,
has
always
felt
lucky
to
live
in
Rockaway,
New
York.
Living
just
a
few
blocks
from
the
beach,
Natalie
can
see
the
ocean
and
hear
the
wave
from
her
house.
“It’s
the
ocean
that
makes
Rockaway
so
special,”
she
says.
On
October
2
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)9,
2012,
that
ocean
turned
fierce.
That
night,
Hurricane
Sandy
attacked
the
East
Coast,
and
Rockaway
was
hit
especially
hard.
Fortunately,
Natalie’s
family
escaped
to
Brooklyn
shortly
before
the
city’s
bridge
closed.
When
they
returned
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)o
Rockaway
the
next
day,
they
found
their
neighborhood
in
ruins.
Many
of
Natalie’s
friends
had
lost
their
homes
and
were
living
far
away.
All
around
her,
people
were
suffering,
especially
the
elderly.
Natalie’s
school
was
so
damaged
that
she
had
to
temporarily
attend
a
school
in
Brooklyn.
In
the
following
fe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)w
days,
the
men
and
women
helping
Rockaway
recover
inspired
Natalie.
Volunteers
came
with
carloads
of
donated
clothing
and
toys.
Neighbors
devoted
their
spare
time
to
helping
others
rebuild.
Teenagers
climbed
dozens
of
flights
of
stairs
to
deliver
water
and
food
to
elderly
people
trapped
in
powerless
high-rise
buildings.
“My
mom
tells
me
th
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)at
I
can’t
control
what
happens
to
me,”
Natalie
says.
“but
I
can
always
choose
how
I
deal
with
it.”
Natalie’s
choice
was
to
help.
She
created
a
we
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)bsite
page
matching
survivors
in
need
with
donors
who
wanted
to
help.
Natalie
posted
introduction
about
a
boy
named
Patrick,
who
lost
his
baseball
card
collecting
when
his
house
burned
down.
Within
days,
Patrick’s
collection
was
replaced.
In
the
coming
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
months,
her
website
page
helped
lots
of
kids:
Christopher,
who
received
a
new
basketball;
Charlie,
who
got
a
new
keyboard.
Natalie
also
worked
with
other
organizations
to
bring
much-need
supplies
to
Rockaway.
Her
efforts
made
her
a
famous
person.
Last
April,
she
was
invited
to
the
White
House
and
honored
as
a
Hurricane
Sandy
Champion
of
Change.
Today,
the
scars(
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)创痕)of
destruction
are
still
seen
in
Rockaway,
but
hope
is
in
the
air.
The
streets
are
clear,
and
many
homes
have
been
rebuilt.
“I
can’t
imagine
living
anywhere
but
Rockaway,”
Natalie
declares.
“My
neighborhood
will
be
back,
even
stronger
than
before.”
59.When
Natali
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
returned
to
Rockaway
after
the
hurricane
,she
found______.
A.some
friends
had
lost
their
lives
B.her
neighborhood
was
destroyed
C.her
school
had
moved
to
Brooklyn
D.the
elderly
were
free
from
suffering
60.According
to
paragraph4,who
inspired
Natalie
most?
A.The
people
helping
Rockaway
rebuild
B.The
people
trapped
in
high_rise
building
C.The
volunteers
donating
money
to
survivors
D.Local
teenagers
bringing
clothing
to
elderly
people
61.How
did
Natalie
help
the
survivors?
A.She
gave
her
toys
to
the
kids
B.She
took
care
of
younger
children
C.She
called
on
the
White
House
to
help
D.She
built
an
information
sharing
platform
62.What
does
the
story
intend
to
tell
us?
A.Little
people
can
make
a
big
difference
B.A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed
C.East
or
West,home
is
best
D.Technology
is
power
【答案】
59.B
60.A
61.D
62.A
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：人物故事类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】
故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
解题技巧：
1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如本题中的第62题：通过Natalie帮助他人的行为告诉读者小人物也可以有大作为这一道理。
2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。
3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。
C
California
Condor’s
Shocking
Recovery
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
California
condors
ar
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
North
America’s
largest
birds,
with
wing-length
of
up
to
3
meters.
In
the
1980s,
electrical
lines
and
lead
poisoning(铅中毒)
nearly
drove
them
to
dying
out.
Now,
electric
shock
training
and
medical
treatment
are
helping
to
rescue
these
big
birds.
In
the
late
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)1980s,
the
last
few
condors
were
taken
from
the
wild,
and
there
are
now
more
than
150
flying
over
California
and
nearby
Arizona,
Utah
and
Baja
in
Mexico.
Electrical
lines
have
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)been
killing
them
off.
“As
they
go
in
to
rest
for
the
night,
they
just
don’t
see
the
power
lines,”
says
Bruce
Rideout
of
San
Diego
Zoo.
Their
wings
can
bridge
the
gap
between
lines,
resulting
in
electrocution(电死)
if
they
touch
two
lines
at
once.
So
scientists
h
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ave
come
up
with
a
shocking
idea.
Tall
poles,
placed
in
large
training
areas,
teach
the
birds
to
stay
clear
of
electrical
lines
by
giving
them
a
painful
but
undeadly
electric
shock.
Before
the
training
was
introduced,
66%
of
set-freed
condors
died
of
electrocution.
This
has
now
dropped
to
18%.
Lead
poisonous
has
p
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)roved
more
difficult
to
deal
with.
When
condors
eat
dead
bodies
of
other
animals
containing
lead,
they
absorb
large
quantities
of
lead.
This
affects
their
nervous
systems
and
ability
to
produce
baby
birds,
and
can
lead
to
kidney(肾)
failures
and
death.
So
condors
with
high
levels
of
lead
are
sent
to
Los
Angeles
Zoo,
where
they
are
treated
with
calcium
EDTA,
a
chemical
that
removes
lead
from
the
blood
over
several
days.
This
work
is
starting
to
pay
off.
The
annual
death
rate
for
adult
condors
has
dropped
from
38%
in
2000
to
5.4%
in
2011.
Rideout’s
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eam
thinks
that
the
California
condors’
average
survival
time
in
the
wild
is
now
just
under
eight
years.
“Although
these
measures
are
not
effective
forever,
they
are
vital
for
now,”
he
says.
“They
are
truly
good
birds
that
are
worth
every
effort
we
put
into
recovering
them.
”
63.California
condors
attract
researchers’
interest
because
they
.
A.are
active
at
night
B.had
to
be
bred
in
the
wild
C.are
found
on
in
California
D.almost
died
out
in
the
1980s
64.Researchers
have
found
electrical
lines
are.
A.blocking
condors’
journey
home
B.
big
killers
of
Califorbnia
condoras
C.
rest
places
for
condors
at
night
D.
used
to
keep
condors
away
65.According
to
Paraghaph
5
,lead
poisoning.
A.makes
condors
too
nervous
to
fly
B.
has
little
effect
on
condors’
kidneys
C.
can
hardly
be
gotten
rid
of
form
condors’
blood
D.
makes
it
different
for
condors
to
produce
baby
birds
66.The
passage
shows
that
.
A.the
average
survival
time
of
condors
is
satisfactory
B.Rideout’s
research
interest
lies
in
electric
engineering
C.the
efforts
to
protect
condors
have
brought
good
results
D.researchers
have
found
the
final
answers
to
the
problem
【答案】
63.D
64.B
65.D
66.C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：环保类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
推理判断题属于主观题，是层
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)次较高的题目。它包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
推理判断题的解题方法
：
推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。
任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者需要知道如何去做或按照某种方式思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
D
Why
College
Is
Not
Home
The
college
years
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)are
supposed
to
be
a
time
for
important
growth
in
autonomy(自主性)
and
the
development
of
adult
identity.
However,
now
they
are
becoming
an
extended
period
of
adolescence,
during
which
many
of
today’s
students
and
are
not
shouldered
with
adult
responsibilities.
For
previous
generations,
college
was
decisive
break
from
parental
control;
guidance
and
support
needed
help
from
people
of
the
same
age
and
from
within.
In
the
past
two
decades,
however,
continued
connection
with
and
dependence
on
family,
thanks
to
cellphones,
email
and
social
media,
have
increased
significantly.
Some
parents
go
so
far
as
to
help
with
coursework.
Instead
of
promoting
the
idea
of
college
as
a
passagefrom
the
shelter
of
the
family
to
autonomy
and
adult
responsibility,
universities
have
given
in
to
the
idea
that
they
should
provide
the
same
environment
as
that
of
the
home.
To
prepare
for
increased
autonomy
and
responsibility,
college
needs
to
be
a
time
of
exploration
and
experimentation.
This
process
involves
“trying
on
”
new
ways
of
thinking
about
oneself
both
intellectually(在思维方面)
and
personally.
While
we
should
provide
“safe
spaces”
within
colleges,
we
must
also
make
it
safe
to
express
opinions
and
challenge
majority
views.
Intellectual
growth
and
flexibility
are
fostered
on
debate
and
questioning.
Learning
to
de
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)al
with
the
social
world
is
equally
important.
Because
a
college
community(群体)
differs
from
the
family,
many
students
will
struggle
to
find
a
sense
of
belonging.
If
students
rely
on
administrators
to
regulate
their
social
behavior
and
thinking
pattern,
they
are
not
facing
the
challenge
of
finding
an
identity
within
a
larger
and
complex
community.
Moreover,
the
tendenc
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)y
for
universities
to
monitor
and
shape
student
behavior
runs
up
against
another
characteristic
of
young
adults:
the
response
to
being
controlled
by
their
elders.
If
acceptable
social
behavior
is
too
strictly
defined(规定)
and
controlled,
the
insensitive
or
aggressive
behavior
that
administrators
are
seeking
to
minimize
may
actually
be
encouraged.
It
is
not
surp
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rising
that
young
people
are
likely
to
burst
out,
particularly
when
there
are
reasons
to
do
so.
Our
generation
once
joined
hands
and
stood
firm
at
times
of
national
emergency.
What
is
lacking
today
is
the
conflict
between
adolescent’s
desire
for
autonomy
and
their
understanding
of
an
unsafe
world.
Therefore,
there
is
the
desire
for
their
dorms
to
be
replacement
homes
and
not
places
to
experience
intellectual
growth.
Every
college
d
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)iscussion
about
community
values,
social
climate
and
behavior
should
include
recognition
of
the
developmental
importance
of
student
autonomy
and
self-regulation,
of
the
necessary
tension
between
safety
and
self-discovery.
67.What’s
the
auth
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)or’s
attitude
toward
continued
parental
guidance
to
college
students?
A.Sympathetic
B.Disapproving
C.Supportive
D.Neutral
68.The
underlined
word
“passage”
in
Paragraph
2
means.
A.change
B.choice
C.text
D.extension
69.According
to
the
author,what
role
should
college
play?
A.to
develop
a
shared
identity
among
students
B.to
define
and
regulate
students’
social
behavior
C.To
provide
a
safe
world
without
tension
for
students
D.To
foster
students’
intellectual
and
personal
development
70.Which
of
the
f
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ollowing
shows
the
development
of
ideas
in
the
passage?
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
【答案】
67.B
68.A
69.D
70.C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：教育类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
I.三类篇章结构题的出题方式
1.
结构识辨:此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。
结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下：
How
is
the
text
organized?
The
author
develops
the
passage
mainly
by________.
The
text
is
mainly
developed
in
the
order
of________.
Which
of
the
following
shows
the
structure
of
the
passage?
2.
组织结构功能:
此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：
The
author
quoted
…wo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rds
in...paragraph
in
order
to
make
the
article________.
3.
结构推测:
此类组织结构题要
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下：
What
would
the
auth
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)or
probably
discuss
in
the
paragraph
that
follows?[来源:学优]
Which
of
the
fol
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)lowing
do
you
think
has
been
discussed
in
the
part
before
this
selection?
II.解题策略
考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)比较清晰、规范，因此，具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。
记叙文可以采取以时间为序、
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他,
最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。
议论文总体上可以分为四类：
第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；
第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；
第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；
第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。
3)
说明文往往采取下定义
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。
第二节（共
5
小题；每小题
2
分，共
10
分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The
Science
of
Risk-Seeking
Sometimes
We
decide
that
a
little
unnecessary
danger
is
worth
it
because
when
we
weigh
the
risk
and
the
reward,
the
risk
seems
worth
taking.
71
Some
of
us
enjoy
activities
that
would
surprise
and
scare
the
rest
of
us.
Why?
Experts
say
it
may
have
to
do
with
how
our
brains
work.
The
reason
why
any
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)of
us
take
any
risks
at
all
might
have
to
do
with
early
humans.
Risk-takers
were
better
at
hunting,
fighting,
or
exploring.
72
As
the
quality
of
Risk-taking
was
passed
from
on
ration
to
the
next,
humans
ended
up
with
a
sense
of
adventure
and
a
tolerance
for
risk.
So
why
aren’t
we
all
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)jumping
out
of
airplanes
then?
Well,
even
200,000
years
ago,
too
much
risk-taking
could
get
one
Killed.
A
few
daring
survived,
though,
along
with
a
few
stay-in-the-cave
types.
As
a
result,
humans
developed
a
range
of
character
types
that
still
exists
today.
So
maybe
you
love
car
racing,
or
maybe
you
hate
it.
73
No
matter
where
you
are
on
the
risk-seeking
range,
scientists
say
that
your
willingness
to
take
risks
increases
during
your
teenage
years.
74
To
help
you
do
that,
your
brain
increases
your
hunger
for
new
experiences.
New
experiences
often
mean
taking
some
risks,
so
your
brain
raises
your
tolerance
for
risk
as
well.
Mean
taking
some
risks
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?),
so
your
brain
raisers
your
tolerance
for
risk
as
well.
75
For
the
risk-s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eekers
a
part
of
the
brain
related
to
pleasure
becomes
active,
while
for
the
rest
of
us,
a
part
of
the
brain
related
to
fear
becomes
active.
As
experts
c
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ontinue
to
study
the
science
of
risk-seeking,
we’ll
continue
to
hit
the
mountains,
the
waves
or
the
shallow
end
of
the
pool.
A.
It
all
depends
on
your
character.
B.
Those
are
the
risks
you
should
jump
to
take.
C.
Being
better
at
those
things
meant
a
greater
chance
of
survival.
D.
Thus,
these
well
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)-equipped
people
survived
because
they
were
the
fittest.
E.
This
is
whe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)n
you
start
to
move
away
from
your
family
and
into
the
bigger
world.
F.
However,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)we
are
not
all
using
the
same
reference
standard
to
weigh
risks
and
rewards.
G.
New
brain
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
research
suggests
our
brains
work
differently
when
we
face
a
nervous
situation.
【答案】
71.F
72.C
73.A
74.E
75.
G
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：科研类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
?
1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。
2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。
??
3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。
??
4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。
?
5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly...butalso，ononehand....ontheotherhand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35
分）
第一节（15分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友J
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)im
在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：
1.
该人物是谁；
2.
该人物的主要贡献；
3.
该人物对你的影响。
注意：
1.
词数不少于50；
2.
开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear
Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li
Hua
【答案】
Dear
Jim,
It’s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)great
to
hear
from
you.
I
feel
proud
knowing
your
interest
in
Chinese
history.
As
for
my
favourite
fi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)gure
in
Chinese
history,
it
must
be
Wei
Yuan,
a
great
thinker
in
the
late
Qing
Dynasty.
He,
in
his
book,
Haiguo
Tuzhi
(Mps
and
Records
of
the
World),
introduced
modern
technologies
and
ideas
to
China.
That
opened
our
eyes
to
the
world.
In
fact,
he
inspires
me
to
major
in
English
in
college
to
be
a
bridge
between
China
and
the
world.
Interested
in
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
knowing
more?
I
can
find
you
some
books!
Just
let
me
know.
Cheers!
Yours,
Li
Hua
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：应用文写作
【名师点睛】
题材偏向于信息介绍类的开放式写作，对于应用
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)文格式的要求并不高，但对于语言组织和词汇积累的要求极高。本次应用文并没有限定考生必须写某一位历史人物，但是谈及人物的贡献和对自己的影响时，考生有可能会遇到大量的词汇障碍，故难度较去年明显提升。
第二节（
20
分）
假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions
for
a
Greener
Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：地球日Earth
Day
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
【答案】
Actions
for
a
Greener
Earth
A
week
befor
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
Earth
Day,
posters
were
put
up
around
our
school,
calling
upon
us
to
join
in
the
actions
for
a
greener
earth.
Our
class
ca
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)me
up
with
the
idea
to
make
better
use
of
used
materials.
We
brought
to
our
classroom
worn-out
clothes,
pieces
of
cardboard
and
empty
plastic
bottles
and
turned
those
into
dolls,
handbags,
tissue
boxes
and
small
vases.
That
weekend,
we
went
to
a
nearby
neighborhood
and
gave
them
away
to
the
people
th
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时间为120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
试题总评：
从整体上看难度略有提升，过渡较平稳。试题
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)重点突出，命题思路清晰，重视对思维能力和全面文化素质的考察，强调交际运用。整套试卷很好地体现了语言教学的特色：既融语言及情感、又兼顾知识与能力。
一、语法部分难度适中，注重基础知识的考察。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点分布：时态语态（4道），非谓语动词（3道），从句（5道），虚拟语气、情态动词、并列连词（各1道）。
二、阅读部分体裁丰富，话题较贴近生活。从完
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)形、阅读到七选五，关注社会、自然以及自我价值的实现。篇幅难度与2015年北京高考基本持平，阅读题目重视细节题目的考察。阅读D篇是一篇议论文，篇幅较长。文章论述了大学在培养学生自主性和认同感方面的重要性，文章有一定的难度，尤其是第70题文章结构题。通过第四段的“equally
important”及第五段段首的“moreover”等逻辑词可推知文章结构。
三、应用文题材新颖，综合考察了考生的日常积累能力。谈及人物的贡献和对自己的影响时，考生有可能会遇到大量的词汇障碍，故难度较去年明显提升。
四、情景作文话题较为常规，整体难度适中。“地球日”系列活动属于保护环境的体裁内容，对于考生并不陌生。
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45
分）
第一节单项填空（共
15
小题；每小题
1
分，共
15
分）
从每题所给的
ABCD
四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s
so
nic
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
to
hear
from
her
again
________,we
last
met
more
than
thirty
years
ago.
What’s
more
B.That’s
to
say
C.In
other
words
D.Believe
it
or
not
答案是D。
21.Jackin
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
A.works
B.has
worked
C.was
working
D.would
work
【答案】C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)
二、过去进行时的用法：
1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。
例如：At
this
moment
yesterday,
I
was
packing
for
camp.
昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。
2、表移动的动词，如come,
go,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
arrive,
leave,
start,
begin,
return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。
例如：She
told
me
th
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)at
she
was
going
to
Hainan
for
her
holiday.
她告诉我她将去海南度假。
3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。
例如：It
was
raining
when
they
left
the
station.
他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When
I
got
to
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)he
top
of
the
mountain,
the
sun
was
shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。
例如：One
night,
he
was
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)yping
in
his
study.
Suddenly,
a
man
broke
into
his
house
and
cut
off
the
electricity.
一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源。
22.I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
A.whose
B.why
C.where
D.which
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查定语从句
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)的关系词。a
couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，相当于the
children
of
whom，故选A。
考点：考查定语从句
【名师点睛】
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who,
whom,
whose,
that,
which,
as
等）和关系副词
（when,
where,
why等）
1.
关系代词所代替的先
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
eg.
An
architect
is
a
person
who
/
that
designs
houses
and
buildings.
The
city
where
/
in
which
I
was
born
is
on
the
new
railway
line.
2.
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。
eg.
I
find
it
diff
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)icult
to
cooperate
with
those
who
always
stick
to
their
own
opinions.
I
find
it
difficult
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
to
cooperate
with
the
one
who
always
sticks
to
his
own
opinion.
The
suit
(which
/
that
)
the
tailor
made
for
me
doesn’t
fit
me.
3.
非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that,
关系副词why,
不可用于非限定性定语从句。
4.
作介词宾语的关系代词
在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。
eg.
The
man
with
whom
you
shook
hands
just
now
is
head
of
our
department.
Mrs.
Nye,
with
w
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hom
you
shook
hands
just
now,
is
head
of
our
department.
The
room
in
which
my
family
live
used
to
be
a
garage.
23.—Excuse
me,which
movie
are
you
waiting
for?
—The
new
Star
Wars.Wehere
for
more
than
two
hours.
A.waited
B.wait
C.would
be
waiting
D.have
been
waiting
【答案】D
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has
been+
-ing形式”构成。用法如下：
1.
现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。
-Hi,
Tracy,
you
look
tired.
-I
am
tired.
I
have
been
painting
the
living
room
all
day.
They
have
been
living
here
for
10
years.
他们住在这里十年了。
2.
表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。
I
have
been
waiting
you
for
about
one
hour.。(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)
She
has
been
working
all
night
long.
3.
表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停）
We’ve
been
discussing
the
matter
several
times
this
year.
I
have
been
saying
goodbye
to
some
friends
today.
24.Your
support
is
important
to
our
work.you
can
do
helps.
A.However
B.Whoever
C.Whatever
D.Wherever
【答案】C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)【名师点睛】
主语从句
Subject
Clauses
(在主语的位置上)
1.
从句的连接词可以是that,
也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。
That
he
is
a
famous
singer
is
known
to
us.=
It
is
known
to
us
that…
Whether
we
shall
attend
the
meeting
hasn’t
been
decided
yet.
Who
will
go
makes
no
difference.
It
is
known
to
us
that
he
is
a
famous
singer.
It
is
not
yet
fixed
when
he
will
go
to
America.
本题中，whatever引导主语从句，同时作do的宾语。
2.
wh和ever
连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别
区分使用wh-和wh-ever:
wh
有疑问的意思；wh-ever有肯定强调的意思
Who
will
be
invited
hasn’t
been
decided.
Whoever
comes
here
is
welcomed.
A
reward
of
$1,000
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)will
be
given
to
whoever
can
provide
any
clues
to
the
case.
The
gift
will
be
given
to
whomever
I
like.
wh-ever
在引导名词性从句时不能用no
matter
wh-来替换，但在引导状语从句时可以替换
Whatever
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
=
No
matter
what
happened,
he……
考点：考查主语从句
25.Ihalf
of
the
En
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)glish
novel,and
I’ll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
A.read
B.have
read
C.am
reading
D.will
read
【答案】B
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
现在完成时基本用法：
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)造成的影响或结果，常与already,
yet,
ever,
never,
just，before
等词连用。
例如：Have
you
ever
cooked
at
home?
你吃晚饭了吗？
You
have
already
grown
much
taller.你已经长高了许多。
2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since
用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How
long.
例如：It
has
been
five
years
since
he
joined
the
army
.他参军五年了。
They
have
learned
English
for
eight
years
.他们已学了八年的英语了。
3、现在完成时需注意的问题：
○1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear,
begin,
borrow,
lend,
buy,
close,
come,
die,
fall,
find,
finish,
join,
kill,
leave,
sell,
stop等。
例如：He
has
joined
the
army
for
five
years.
（错误）
He
has
been
in
the
army
for
five
years.(正确)
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I
have
received
his
letter
for
a
month.
（对）I
haven't
received
his
letter
for
almost
a
month.
○2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday,
last
week,
in
1998,two
days
ago等。
○3have/has
been
to
和have/has
gone
to
的区别：
have/has
been
to
去过某地，现在已经回来；
have/has
gone
to
去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那里。
○4比较一般过去时与现在完成时
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday,
last
week，…ago,
in1980,
in
October,
just
now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。
I
saw
this
film
yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了）
I
have
seen
this
film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why
did
you
get
up
so
early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了）
He
has
been
a
League
member
for
three
years.
（强调他是团员）
现在完成时考点分析：
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during
/
in
/over
the
last(past)few
years
(months,
weeks)、in
recent
years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时
It
is
(has
been)
+
一段时间
+
since从句
This(That
/
It)is
the
first(second…)time
that
+
完成时
This(That
/
It)is
the
only
…
+
that
+
完成时
This(that
/
It)is
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
best
/
finest
/
most
interesting
…
+
that
从句
+
完成时
③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：
I
shall
post
the
letter
as
soon
as
I
have
written
it.
If
you
have
done
the
experiment,
you
will
realize
the
theory
better.
Don’t
get
off
the
bus
until
it
has
stopped.
26.it
easier
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)o
get
in
touch
with
us,
you’d
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
A.
Made
B.
Make
C.
Making
D.
To
make
【答案】D
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查不定式作目的状语
【名师点睛】
一、不定式的作用
作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it
作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：
It
took
us
two
hours
to
finish
the
job.
It
is
impossible
for
us
to
get
there
on
time.
It
is
very
kind
of
you
to
help
us.
注意：（1）其他系动词如look,
appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It
is
…to…的句型。试比较：
It
is
to
negate
my
own
idea
to
believe
him.（错）
To
believe
him
is
to
negate
my
own
idea
.（对）
（3）It
is+
adj.
of
/
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of,
否则用
for.
作宾语
(1)
动词+不定式。如：
He
managed
to
escape
from
the
fire.
I
find
it
hard
to
get
along
with
him.（it
作形式宾语）
注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：wan
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)t,
try,
hope,
wish,
need,
forget,
know,
promise,
refuse,
help,
decide,
begin,
start,
learn,
agree,
choose,
get等
动词+疑问词+to
,
“特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：
I
don’t
know
what
to
do
next/
how
to
do
it
next.
I
can’t
decide
when
to
go
there.
注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it
作形式宾语。如：
I
find
it
necessary
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
作宾语补足语
动词+宾语+不定式（to
do
）。如：
He
warned
me
to
be
careful.
I
want
you
to
speak
to
Tom.
What
makes
you
think
so?
（不带to的不定式）
注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)动词有：ask,
tell,
order
,want
,get,
would
like,
like,
advise,
invite,
allow,
help,
wish,
warn,
expect,
would
prefer,
encourage
表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+
to
be
的不定式结构。如：
We
consider
Tom
to
be
one
of
the
best
students
in
our
class.
The
book
is
believed
to
be
useful.（被动语态）
(3)
There
+不定式。如：
We
didn’t
expect
there
to
be
so
many
people
there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意：（1）有些动词需用
as
短语作补语，像regard,
think,
believe,
take,
consider。如：
We
regard
Eric
as
our
best
teacher.
我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师。
Mary
took
him
as
her
father.
玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
(4)
在动词feel
（一感），hea
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)r,
listen
to（二听），have,
let,
make（三让），notice,
see,
watch,
observe,
look
at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：
They
saw
the
boy
fall
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)off
the
tree.
The
boy
was
seen
to
fall
off
the
tree.
(5)
help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
I
often
help
him
（to）clean
the
room.
I
helped
him
(to)
find
his
things.
作定语
不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：
I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do.（动宾关系）
He
is
looking
for
a
room
to
live
in.（动状关系）
He
is
the
first
person
to
think
of
the
idea.（主谓关系）
He
has
got
a
chance
to
go
abroad.（同位关系）
注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如：
Do
you
have
anything
else
to
say?
2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：
I
need
a
pe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)n
to
write
with.
(I
will
write
with
the
pen
)
(我需要一支钢笔写字)
I
have
a
lit
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tle
baby
to
look
after.
(I
must
look
after
the
little
baby
)
(我有一个婴儿要照看)
5.
作状语
作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in
order
to
,
so
as
to,
so…as
to,
such
…as
to,
….enough
to,
too…to等。
做目的状语，just
to,
onl
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)y
to
（仅仅为了）,
in
order
to,
so
as
to,
so(such)….as
to…（如此···以便···）如：
He
ran
so
fast
as
to
catch
the
first
bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He
came
to
the
school
to
see
his
son.
作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：
He
hurried
to
the
post
office
only
to
find
it
was
closed.
He
searched
the
room
only
to
find
nothing.
做原因状语。如：
We
were
very
excited
to
hear
the
news.
I’m
glad
to
see
you.
做条件状语。如：
To
turn
to
the
left,
you
could
find
a
post
office.
6.
作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：
The
question
is
how
to
put
it
into
practice.
My
question
is
when
to
leave.
His
dream
is
to
be
a
doctor.
Her
work
is
to
look
after
the
babies.
注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。
2.当主语是不定式时，表语不能用V+ing形式，可用不定式。
如：To
see
is
to
believe.
（眼见为实）(Seeing
is
believing.
)
7独立结构。如：
To
tell
you
the
truth,
I
don’t
agree
with
you.
To
make
matters
worse,
it
began
to
rain.
不定式的时态和语态
不定式的时态
现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：
He
seems
to
know
this.
I
hope
to
see
you
again.
完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I’m
sorry
to
have
given
you
so
much
trouble.
He
seems
to
have
caught
a
cold.
进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
He
seems
to
be
eating
something.
（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：
She
is
known
to
have
been
working
on
the
problem
for
many
years.
不定式的语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：
He
was
seen
to
ente
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)r
the
hall.
He
asked
to
be
sent
to
work
in
Tibet.
省to
的动词不定式
情态动词（除ought
外，ought
to）
would
rather,
had
better.
感官动词
see,
watc
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)h,
look
at,
notice,
observe,
hear,
listen
to,
smell,
feel
等后作宾补，省略
to.
注意：在被动语态中
to
不能省略掉。如：
I
saw
him
dance.
He
was
seen
to
dance.
The
boss
made
them
work
the
whole
night.
They
were
made
to
work
the
whole
night.
使役动词
let,
have,
make.
由
and,
or
和
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)han
连接的两个不定式，第二个
to
可以省去。如：He
wants
to
move
to
France
and
marry
the
girl.
help
可带
to
,也可不带to,
help
sb.
(to)
do
sth.
Why
don’t
you…/Why
not…
but
和
except
前是动词
do
时，后面出现的动词用不带
to
的动词不定式。试比较：
He
wants
to
do
nothing
but
go
out.
He
wants
to
believe
anything
but
to
take
the
medicine.
通常在discover,
imagine,
suppose,
think,
understand
等词后，可以省去
to
be
.如：
He
is
supposed
(to
be)
nice.
他应该是个好人。
27.My
grandfather
sti
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ll
plays
tennis
now
and
then,he’s
in
his
nineties.
A.as
long
as
B.as
if
C.
even
though
D.in
case
【答案】C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查状语从句
【名师点睛】
1.
引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有
in
order
that,
so
that,
in
case,
for
fear等。如：
He
raised
his
voice
so
that
everyone
could
hear.
他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。
Take
your
umbrella
(just)
in
case
it
rains.
带上雨伞，以防下雨。
She
repeated
the
instr
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)uctions
slowly
in
order
that
he
should
understand.
她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。
2.
引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so
that,
so…that,
such…that等。如：
I
went
to
the
lecture
early
so
that
I
got
a
good
seat.
我去听演讲去得很早,
所以找个好座位。
3.
引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有a
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)lthough,
though,
even
though,
even
if,
while,
however,
whatever,
whoever,
whenever,
wherever等。如：
Although
they
are
twins,
they
look
entirely
different.
他们虽是孪生,
但是相貌却完全不同。
4.
引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as,
as
if,
as
though,
the
way等。如：
Why
didn't
you
catch
the
last
bus
as
I
told
you
to?
你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?
5.
引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where,
wherever,
everywhere,
anywhere等。如：
The
church
was
built
where
there
had
once
been
a
Roman
temple.
这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。
6.
引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和as…as。如：
She
was
now
happier
than
she
had
ever
been.
现在她比过去任何时候都快活。
28.______
over
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
A.
Ordering
B.
To
order
C.
Having
ordered
D.
Ordered
【答案】D
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查过去分词作状语
【名师点睛】
分词作状语
1.
分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on
doing
sth.
=as
soon
as。
2.
分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。
3.
分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。
4.
分词作条件状语相当于if
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)unless等引导的从句。常见的引导条件状语的分词有given，supposing,
considering,
provided,
compared
with等。
5.
分词作结果状语相当于so
that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。
6.
分词作让步状语相当于though或者even
if等引导的让步状语从句。
29.The
most
pleasant
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
_____
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
why
【答案】B
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查表语从句
【名师点睛】
表语从句
Predictive
Clauses
(在be动词
后)
1.
从句的连接词可以是that,
也可以是wh-的特殊疑问词。
The
fact
is
that
she
never
liked
him.
The
question
is
whether
the
movie
is
worth
seeing.
The
question
is
who
can
complete
the
difficult
task.
This/That/It
is
because
…
I
think
it
is
because
you
are
doing
too
much.
The
reason
why…is
that…
The
reason
why
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)play
is
successful
is
that
it
appeals
to
many
different
people.
2.
只能用whether
的情况
在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中
在介词后的宾语从句中
It
all
depends
on
whether
they
will
support
us.
在不定式之前
He
doesn’t
know
whether
to
stay
or
not.
从句中有or
not时
He
doesn’t
know
whether
he
should
stay
or
not.
30.The
students
h
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ave
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts______
success
in
the
end.
A.
rewarded
B.
were
rewarded
C.
will
reward
D.
will
be
rewarded
【答案】D
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查时态和语态
【名师点睛】
一般将来时
①表示未来的动作或状态常用will
/
shall
+
动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next
week等）。
②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll
die
without
air
or
water.
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
④be
going
to与will
/
shall,
be
to
do,
be
about
to
do用法及区别：
A
shall
/
will
do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。
B
be
going
to
表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；
be
going
to
表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：
If
it
is
fine,
we’ll
go
fishing.(正确)
If
it
is
fine,
we
are
going
to
go
fishing.(错误)
C
be
to
do
sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A
meeting
is
to
be
held
at
3:00
o’clock
this
afternoon.
D
be
about
to
do
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用，构成常考句型：sb
was
about
to
do
when
sb
did
sth。
Autumn
harvest
is
about
to
start.
被动语态的构成
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在时
am/is/are+p.p
am/is/are+being+
p.p
have/has+been
+
p.p
过去时
was/were+
p.p
was/were+being+
p.p
had
+been
+
p.p
将来时
shall/will+be+p.p
shall/will+have
been+
p.p
注意：
含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词（can,
may
must,
have
to等）+be
+动词的-ed形式构成。
含有“be
going
to
,
be
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
to,
used
to,
be
about
to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态：其构成为“be
going
to
（be
to,
used
to,
be
about
to）+
be
+动词的-ed形式”。
31.I
love
the
wee
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)kend,because
I_____
get
up
early
on
Saturdays
and
Sundays.
A.
needn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
wouldn’t
D.
shouldn’t
【答案】A
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查情态动词
【名师点睛】
常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need,should,
had
better.
1.
can
的用法：
①
表示能力
“能，会”
eg:
He
can
speak
a
little
Japanese.他会说一点日语。
②
表示请求或许可
“可以”
eg:
Can
I
help
you?
要我帮忙吗?
③
表示猜测
“可能”
eg:
Where
can
she
go
now?
她可能到哪里去了呢?
2.may
的用法：
①表示请求或允许
“可以”“准许”
eg:
May
I
go
home，please?请问我可以回家吗?
②
表示可能性
“
可能”、
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)也许”
eg:
I
think
it
may
rain
this
afternoon.
我想今天下午可能下雨。
注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。
eg:
①
He
might
not
come
today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定)
②You
might
al
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)so
get
a
headache
when
you
work
too
hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛
3.
must的用法：
①表示义务、必要或命令
“必须、应该”
eg:
You
must
come
early
tomorrow．你明天得早来。
②
表示推测时
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)“肯定，一定”
eg:
They
must
be
at
home.The
light
is
on
他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢.
③
must
not
禁止，不许
eg:
You
must
not
tell
lies.
你不许撒谎。
注意：
①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用
don't
have
to
或needn't
。而不用mustn't
eg:
---Must
I
finish
my
homework
first?
我必须先完成作业吗？
---No,
you
don't
have
to/
needn't.
不，你不必。
②
can
和
must在
表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must
常用于肯定句中。
eg:
①It
can
not
be
Li
Lei
那个人不可能是李磊
②
It
must
be
Li
Lei
那个人肯定是李磊。
4.
need
的用法：
①
情态动词
“需要,
有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
eg:
You
needn't
come
here
this
afternoon.你今天下午不必来。
②
行为动词
“需要,
有必要”
可以用于各种句式中。
eg:
①You
don't
need
to
go
now.
你不必现在就走。
②
I
need
to
have
a
rest.
我需要休息一下
③
Do
we
need
to
finish
all
the
work
today?
我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？
need的用法的助记口诀：
实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。
need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。
情态动词表“需要”，没有人称
数之变。
其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。
32.Newly-built
wo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)oden
cottages
line
the
street,
_______
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
A.
turn
B.
turning
C.
to
turn
D.
turned
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查现在分
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。
考点：考查现在分词
【名师点睛】
现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling
leaves
正在下落的树叶
fallen
leaves
已经落在地上的树叶
分词的作用
作定语
单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：
The
sleeping
boy
is
my
son.
The
excited
people
rushed
into
the
building.
A
lost
opportunity
never
returns.
He
is
a
retired
worker.
分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：
The
girl
standing
under
the
tree
is
my
niece.
The
building
built
last
year
is
our
library.
This
is
the
question
given.
There
is
nothing
interesting.
过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most
of
the
people
invited
to
the
party
were
famous
scientists
2.
The
first
tex
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tbook
______
for
teaching
English
as
a
foreign
language
came
out
in
the
16th
century.
A.
have
written
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
to
be
written
C.
being
written
D.
written
3.
What’s
the
language
______
in
Germany?
A.
speaking
B.
spoken
C.
be
spoken
D.
to
speak
4.
Prices
of
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)daily
goods
______
through
a
computer
can
be
lower
than
store
prices.
A.
are
bought
B.
bought
C.
been
bought
D.
buying.
5.
When
I
got
b
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ack
home
I
saw
a
message
pinned
to
the
door
______
“Sorry
to
miss
you;
will
call
later.”
A.
read
B.
reads
C.
to
read
D.
reading
作状语
现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Not
receiving
any
letter
from
him,
I
gave
him
a
call.
As
I
didn’t
receive
any
letter
from
him,
I
gave
him
a
call.
Given
more
attention,
the
trees
could
have
grown
better.
If
more
attention
was
given,
the
trees
could
have
grown
better.(条件)
Walking
along
the
street,
I
ran
across
my
old
friend.
Bitten
by
a
snake,
he
was
taken
to
hospital(原因).
Though
defeated,
he
didn’t
lose
heart.
(让步)
He
lay
on
the
grass,
looking
into
the
sky.
(伴随)
He
came
running
to
tell
me
the
good
news.
(方式)
6.
______
some
officials,
Napoleon
inspected
his
army.
A.
Followed
B.
Foll
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)owed
by
C.
Being
followed
D.
Having
been
followed
7.
There
was
a
terrible
noise______
the
sudden
burst
of
light.
A.
followed
B.
following
C.
to
be
followed
D.
being
followed
8.
______,
liquids
can
be
changed
into
gases.
A.
Heating
B.
To
be
heated
C.
Heated
D.
Heat
注意：
选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：
（Being）Used
for
a
long
time,
the
book
looks
old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using
the
book,
I
find
it
useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。
9.
When______,
the
museum
will
be
open
to
the
public
next
year.
A.
completed
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
completing
C.
being
completed
D.
to
be
completed
10.
______
such
he
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)avy
pollution
already,
the
river
becomes
dead
water.
A.
Having
suffered
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
Suffering
C.
To
suffer
D.
Suffered
作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：
The
film
is
touching.
The
glass
is
broken.
She
looked
tired
with
cooking.
He
remained
standing
beside
the
table.
作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：
I
smell
something
burning.
I
heard
him
singing
the
song.
I
heard
my
name
called.
I
can’t
make
myself
understood
in
English.
I
found
my
car
missing.
I’ll
have
my
watch
repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally
speaking
一般说来
talking
of
(speaking
of)
说到
strictly
speaking
严格地说
judging
from
从···判断
all
things
considere
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
从整体来看
taking
all
things
into
consideration
全面看来。如：
Judging
from
his
face,
he
must
be
ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally
speaking,
dogs
can
run
faster
than
pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。
二、分词的时态
与主语动词同时。如：
Arriving
there,
they
found
the
boy
dead.
11.
The
secretary
w
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)orked
late
into
the
night,
______
a
long
speech
for
the
president.
A.
to
prepare
B.
preparing
C.
prepared
D.
was
preparing
先于主语动词
分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having
done。如：
Having
finished
his
homework,
he
went
out
for
a
walk.
After
he
had
finished
his
homework,
he
went
out
for
a
walk.
12.
______
a
reply,
he
decided
to
write
again.
A.
Not
receivin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)g
B.
Receiving
not
C.
Not
having
received
D.
Having
not
received
三、分词的语态
通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：
He
is
the
man
giving
you/who
gave
you
the
book
She
is
the
girl
stopped
by/who
was
stopped
by
the
car.
不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)生。像：gone,
fallen,
retired,
grown-up,
escaped,
faded,
returned等词。如：
a
retired
person
一个退休的人
a
fallen
ball
一个落下来的球
a
burnt-out
match
烧完了的火柴
33.I
really
en
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)joy
listening
to
music
___
it
helps
me
relax
and
takes
my
mind
away
from
other
cares
of
the
day.
A.
because
B.before
C.
unless
D.
until
【答案】A
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：考查原因状语从句
【名师点睛】
从属连词的用法
1.
引导时间状语从句的从属连词
(1)
表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的
when,
while,
as,
whenever。如：
Don't
talk
while
you're
eating.
吃饭时不要说话。
He
came
just
as
I
was
leaving.
我正要走时他来了。
(2)
表示“在……之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before,
after。如：
Try
to
finish
your
work
before
you
leave.
离开前设法把工作做完。
(3)
表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since,
until,
till。如：
She's
been
playing
tennis
since
she
was
eight.
她从八岁起就打网球了。
Never
trouble
trouble
till
trouble
troubles
you.
(谚)不要无事惹事。
(4)
表示“一……就”的时间连词。主要的有
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)as
soon
as,
the
moment,
the
minute,
the
second,
the
instant,
immediately,
directly,
instantly,
once,
no
sooner…than,
hardly…when等。如：
I'll
let
you
know
as
soon
as
I
hear
from
her.
我一接她的信就通知你。
(5)
表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)的时间连词。主要的有every
time(每次)，each
time(每次)，(the)
next
time(下次)，any
time(随时)，(the)
last
time(上次)，the
first
time(第一次)。如：
I'll
tell
him
about
it
(the)
next
time
I
see
him.
我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。
注意：every
time,
each
ti
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)me,
any
time前不用冠词，(the)
next
time,
(the)
last
time中的冠词可以省略，而the
first
time中的冠词通常不能省略。
2.
引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if,
unless,
as
[so]
long
as,
in
case
等。如：
Do
you
mind
if
I
open
the
window?我开窗你不介意吧?
注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的
if之后可能用
will，但那不是将来时态,
而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如：
If
you
will
sit
down
f
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)or
a
few
moments,
I'll
tell
the
manager
you're
here.
请稍坐,
我这就通知经理说您来了。
3.
引导原因状语从句的从
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)属连词。主要的有because,
as,
since,
seeing
(that),
now
(that),
considering
(that)
等。如：
He
distrusted
me
because
I
was
new.
他不信任我，因为我是新来的。
34.Why
didn’t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
you
tell
me
about
your
trouble
last
week?
If
you
___
me,
I
could
have
helped.
A.
told
B.
had
told
C.
were
to
tell
D.
would
tell
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查虚拟语气。句意：你
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。
【名师点睛】
英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。
陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）
祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）
虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.
虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法
真实条件句
If
you
work
hard,you’ll
surely
pass
the
exam.
虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）
If
I
were
a
bird,
I
could
fly
freely
in
the
sky.
If
it
snowed
tomorrow,
we
would
stay
at
the
home.
if从句的谓语动词
主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反
动词过去式（be一律用were）
would/could/might/should+动词原形
2.与过去事实相反
had
done
would/could/might/should+have
done
3.与将来事实可能相反
a.动词过去式（be一律用were）b.should+动词原形（不能用would）c.were
to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词原形
与现在事实相反
if从句：动词过去式（be---were）
主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形
If
we
had
time,
we
would
go
with
you.
If
I
were
you,
I
shouldn’t
do
that.
If
it
weren’t
raining,
we
wouldn’t
stay.
与过去事实相反
if从句：had
done
主句：would/could/might/should+have
done
If
the
teacher
hadn’t
helped
us,
we
couldn’t
have
succeeded.
I
could
have
done
it
better
if
I
had
been
more
careful.
If
he
hadn’t
been
ill,
he
might
have
come.
3.与将来事实可能相反
if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were）
b.should+动词原形（不能用would）
c.were
to+动词原形
主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形
If
he
came
tomorrow,
I
would
tell
him
everything.
If
it
should
rain
tomorrow,
I
would
stay
at
home
and
watch
TV.
If
it
were
to
snow
tomorrow,
they
would
not
go
out.
Should
he
come
tomorrow,
please
give
the
book
to
him.
错综时间条件句
在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。
If
you
had
spoken
to
him
yesterday,
you
would
know
what
to
do
now.
If
you
had
follow
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ed
the
doctor’s
advice
then,
you
would
be
all
right
now.
If
you
had
watere
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
them
more,
the
crops
would
be
growing
still
better
now.
(有时时间会省略）
含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。
They
would
not
be
able
to
live
without
him.（如果没有）
He
would
have
failed
but
for
his
teacher’s
timely
advice.
（要不是）=if
it
had
not
been
for
If
only
you
had
worked
with
greater
care!(要是......就好了）
You
would
have
done
the
same
thing
in
her
position.
With
a
little
more
care
you
could
have
avoid
the
traffic
accident.
虚拟结合条件句
在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。
I
was
ill
that
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
day.
Otherwise,
I
would
have
taken
part
in
the
singing
competition.
（实------虚）
=I
was
ill
that
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)day.
If
I
hadn’t
been
ill
that
day,
I
would
have
taken
part
in
the
singing
competition.
He
would
have
bought
the
piano,
but
he
didn’t
have
enough
money.
（虚------实）
=He
would
have
bou
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ght
the
piano
if
he
had
had
enough
money,
but
in
fact
he
didn’t
have
enough
money.
省略if倒装条件句
在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)果有助动词had,
should和were，那么可省略if，把had,
should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。
If
he
had
finishe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
the
work
yesterday,
he
would
have
gone
to
the
concert
with
you.
=Had
he
finished
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)the
work
yesterday,
he
would
have
gone
to
the
concert
with
you.
If
I
were
you,
I
wouldn’t
do
that.
=were
I
you,
I
wouldn’t
do
that.
If
I
should
meet
him,
I
would
tell
him
about
it.
=Should
I
meet
him,
I
would
tell
him
about
it.
考点：考查虚拟语气
35.I
am
not
afraid
of
tomorrow,
______
I
have
seen
yesterday
and
I
love
today.
A.
so
B.
and
C.
for
D.
but
【答案】C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)【名师点睛】
一、并列连词的用法
1.
表示转折
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有
but,
yet
等。如：
Someone
borrowed
my
pen,
but
I
don't
remember
who.有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。
2.
表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有
for,
so
等。如：
The
child
had
a
bad
cough,
so
his
mother
took
him
to
the
doctor.
这孩子咳得很利害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。
注意：for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。
3.
表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有
and
,
or
,
either…or
,
neither…nor
,
not
only…but
(also)
,
both…and
,
as
well
as
等。如：
He
didn't
go
and
she
didn't
go
either.
他没去，她也没去。
The
weather
is
mild
today;
it
is
neither
hot
nor
cold.
今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。
考点：考查并列连词
第二节
完形填空（共
20
小题；每小题
1.5
分，共
30
分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的
A、B、C、D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。
A
Race
Against
Death
It
was
a
col
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
January
in
1925
in
North
Alaska.
The
town
was
cut
off
from
the
rest
of
the
world
due
to
heavy
snow.
On
the
20th
o
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)f
that
month,
Dr.Welch
36
a
Sick
boy,
Billy,
and
knew
he
had
diphtheria,
a
deadly
infectious(传染的)disease
mainly
affecting
children.
The
children
of
Nome
would
be
37
if
it
struck
the
town.
Dr.Welch
needed
medicine
as
soon
as
possible
to
stop
other
kids
from
getting
sick.
38
,
the
closest
supply
was
over
1,000
miles
away,
in
Anchorage.
How
could
the
me
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)dicine
get
to
Nome?
The
town`s
39
was
already
full
of
ice,
so
it
couldn’t
come
by
ship.
Cars
and
horses
couldn’t
travel
on
the
40
roads.
Jet
airplanes
and
big
trucks
didn’t
exist
yet.
41
January
26,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
Billy
and
three
other
children
had
died.
Twemty
more
were
42
.
Nome`s
town
officials
came
up
with
a(n)
43
.
They
would
have
the
medicine
sent
by
44
from
Anchorage
to
Nenana.
From
there,
dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known
as
“mushers”—would
45
it
to
Nome
in
a
relay(接力).
The
race
began
on
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)January
27.
The
first
musher,
Shannon,
picked
up
the
medicine
from
the
train
at
Nenana
and
rode
all
night.
46
he
handed
the
medicine
to
the
next
musher,
Shannon`s
face
was
black
from
the
extreme
cold.
On
January
31,a
m
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)usher
named
Seppala
had
to
47
a
frozen
body
of
water
called
Norton
Sound
.It
was
the
most
48
part
of
the
journey.
Norton
Sound
was
covered
with
ice,which
could
sometimes
break
up
without
warning.If
that
happened,Seppala
might
fall
into
the
icy
water
below.He
would
49
,and
so
would
the
sick
children
of
Nome.But
Seppala
made
it
across.
A
huge
snowstorm
hit
on
February
1.Amusher
named
Kaasen
had
to
brave
this
storm.At
one
point,huge
piles
of
sonw
blocked
his
50
.He
had
to
leave
the
trail
(雪橇痕迹)to
get
around
them.Conditions
were
so
bad
that
it
was
impossible
for
him
to
51
the
trail
again.
The
only
hope
was
Balto,Kaasen’s
lead
dog,
Balto
put
his
nose
to
the
ground,
52
to
find
the
smell
of
other
dogs
that
had
traveled
on
the
trail.If
Balto
failed,it
would
mean
disaster
for
Nome.The
minutes
passed
by.Suddenly,
Balto
began
to
53
.He
had
found
the
trail.
At
5:30
am
on
Febru
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ary
2,
Kaasen
and
his
dog
54
in
Nome.
Within
minutes,Dr.Welch
had
the
medicine.He
quickly
gave
it
to
the
sick
children.All
of
them
recovered.
Nome
had
been
55
.
36.A.examined
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.warned
C.interviewed
D.cured
37.A.harmless
B.helpless
C.
fearless
D.careless
38.A.Moreover
B.Therefore
C.Otherwise
D.However
39.A.airport
B.station
C.
harbor
D.border
40.A.narrow
B.
snowy
C.busy
D.dirty
41.A.From
B.On
C.By
D.After
42.A.tired
B.upset
C.
pale
D.sick
43.A.plan
B.excuse
C.message
D.topic
44.A.air
B.rail
C.
sea
D.road
45.A.carry
B.return
C.
D.give
46.A.Though
B.Since
C.
When
D.If
47.A.enter
B.move
C.
visit
D.cross
48.A.shameful
B.boring
C.dangerous
D.foolish
49.A.escape
B.bleed
C.
swim
D.die
50.A.memory
B.exit
C.way
D.destination
51.A.find
B.fix
C.
pass
D.change
52.A.pretending
B.trying
C.
asking
D.learning
53.A.run
B.leave
C.
bite
D.play
54.A.gathered
B.stayed
C.
camped
D.arrived
55.A.controlled
B.saved
C.founded
D.developed
【答案】
36.A
37.B
38.D
39.C
40.B
41.C
42.D
43.A
44.B
45.A
46.C
47.D
48.C
49.D
50.C
51.A
52.B
53.A
54.D
55.B
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)45.
A考查动词辨析。A.carry运送，携带；B.return返回，归还；C.
mail邮寄；D.give给。然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把药物接力送到诺姆，故选A。
46.
C考查时间状语从
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)句。A.Though虽然；B.Since因为，自从；C.
When当；D.If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选C。
47.
D考查动词辨析。A.enter进
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)入；B.move移动；C.
visit拜访；D.cross穿过。根据“Norton
Sound
was
covered
with
ice”可知，Norton
Sound是一片冰冻的水域，Seppala必须穿过这片水域，故选D。
48.
C考查形容词辨析。A.s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hameful惭愧的；B.boring令人厌烦的；C.dangerous危险的；D.foolish愚蠢的。根据“which
could
sometimes
break
up
without
warning”可知，这是旅途最难的一部分，故选C。
49.
D考查动词辨析。A.es
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)cape逃跑；B.bleed流血；C.
swim游泳；D.die死亡。如果掉进寒冷的水中，Seppala会被冻死，诺姆的病童们也会去世，故选D。
50.
C考查名词辨析。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)A.memory记忆；B.exit出口；C.way道路；D.destination目的地。根据下一句可知，有的地方被大雪挡住了去路，Seppala不得不绕道行驶，故选C。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：人物故事类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
完型填空题的命题特点及答题方法
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)：
1.侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力
完型填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。
2.上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。例如第39空：A.airport机场；
B.station车站；C.
harbor
港口；D.border边境。根据“so
it
couldn’t
come
by
ship”可知，这里指港口结冰，故选C。
3.设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力
旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。
4.结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力
目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。
5.关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况想，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。例如第46空：A.Though虽然；B.Since因为，自从；C.
When当；D.If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选C。
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，20
分）
第一节（共
15
小题；每小题
2
分，共
30
分）
阅读下列短文：从每题所给的
A、B、C、D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。
A
Dear
Alfred,
I
want
to
tell
you
how
important
your
help
is
to
my
life.
Growing
up,
I
h
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ad
people
telling
me
I
was
too
slow,
though,
with
an
IQ
of
150
at
17,
I’m
anything
but
stupid.
The
fact
was
that
I
was
found
to
have
ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍).
Anxious
all
the
time,
I
was
unable
to
keep
focused
for
more
than
an
hour
at
a
time.
However,
when
som
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ething
did
interest
me,
I
could
become
absorbed.
In
high
school,
I
became
curious
about
the
computer,
and
built
my
first
website.
Moreover,
I
completed
the
senior
course
of
Computer
Basics,
plus
five
relevant
pre-college
courses.
While
I
was
explorin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)g
my
curiosity,
my
disease
got
worse.
I
wanted
to
go
to
college
after
high
school,
but
couldn’t
.
So,
I
was
killing
my
time
at
home
until
June
2012
when
I
discovered
the
online
computer
courses
of
your
training
center.
Since
then,
I
ha
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ve
taken
courses
like
Data
Science
and
Advanced
Mathematics.
Currently,
I’m
learning
your
Probability
course.
I
have
hundreds
of
printer
paper,
covered
in
self-written
notes
from
your
video.
This
has
given
me
a
purpose.
Last
year,
I
spent
all
my
time
looking
for
a
job
where,
without
dealing
with
the
public
,
I
could
work
alone,
but
still
have
a
team
to
talk
to.
Luckily,
I
discovered
the
job—Data
Analyst—this
month
and
have
been
going
full
steam
ahead.
I
want
to
prove
that
I
can
teach
myself
a
respectful
profession,
without
going
to
college,
and
be
just
as
good
as,
if
not
better
than,
my
competitors.
Thank
you.
You’ve
g
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)iven
me
hope
that
I
can
follow
my
heart.
For
the
first
time,
I
feel
good
about
myself
because
I’m
doing
something,
not
because
someone
told
me
I
was
doing
good.
I
feel
whole.
This
is
why
you’re
saving
my
life.
Yours,
Tanis
56.why
did’t
Tanis
go
to
college
after
high
school?
A.She
had
learned
enough
about
computer
science
B.
She
had
more
difficulty
keeping
foucesed
C.She
preferred
taking
online
courses
D.She
was
too
slow
to
learn
57.AS
for
the
working
environment,Tains
prefers____.
A
.working
by
herself
B.dealing
with
the
public
C.competing
against
others
D.staying
with
ADHD
students
58.Tanis
wrote
this
letter
in
order
to_____.
A.explain
why
she
was
interested
in
the
computer
B.share
the
ideas
she
had
for
her
profession
C
.show
how
grateful
she
was
to
the
center
D.describe
the
courses
she
had
taken
so
far
【答案】
56.B
57.A
58.C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)考点：人物故事类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
细节理解题的类型：
1、直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。56、57题都可以直接在文中找到有关信息。
2、间接信息题
做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。
3、数字计算题
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
4、排列顺序题
这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
5、图表图画题
在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。
B
Surviving
Hurricane
Sandy(飓风桑迪)
Natalie
Doan,1
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)4,
has
always
felt
lucky
to
live
in
Rockaway,
New
York.
Living
just
a
few
blocks
from
the
beach,
Natalie
can
see
the
ocean
and
hear
the
wave
from
her
house.
“It’s
the
ocean
that
makes
Rockaway
so
special,”
she
says.
On
October
2
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)9,
2012,
that
ocean
turned
fierce.
That
night,
Hurricane
Sandy
attacked
the
East
Coast,
and
Rockaway
was
hit
especially
hard.
Fortunately,
Natalie’s
family
escaped
to
Brooklyn
shortly
before
the
city’s
bridge
closed.
When
they
returned
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)o
Rockaway
the
next
day,
they
found
their
neighborhood
in
ruins.
Many
of
Natalie’s
friends
had
lost
their
homes
and
were
living
far
away.
All
around
her,
people
were
suffering,
especially
the
elderly.
Natalie’s
school
was
so
damaged
that
she
had
to
temporarily
attend
a
school
in
Brooklyn.
In
the
following
fe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)w
days,
the
men
and
women
helping
Rockaway
recover
inspired
Natalie.
Volunteers
came
with
carloads
of
donated
clothing
and
toys.
Neighbors
devoted
their
spare
time
to
helping
others
rebuild.
Teenagers
climbed
dozens
of
flights
of
stairs
to
deliver
water
and
food
to
elderly
people
trapped
in
powerless
high-rise
buildings.
“My
mom
tells
me
th
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)at
I
can’t
control
what
happens
to
me,”
Natalie
says.
“but
I
can
always
choose
how
I
deal
with
it.”
Natalie’s
choice
was
to
help.
She
created
a
we
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)bsite
page
matching
survivors
in
need
with
donors
who
wanted
to
help.
Natalie
posted
introduction
about
a
boy
named
Patrick,
who
lost
his
baseball
card
collecting
when
his
house
burned
down.
Within
days,
Patrick’s
collection
was
replaced.
In
the
coming
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
months,
her
website
page
helped
lots
of
kids:
Christopher,
who
received
a
new
basketball;
Charlie,
who
got
a
new
keyboard.
Natalie
also
worked
with
other
organizations
to
bring
much-need
supplies
to
Rockaway.
Her
efforts
made
her
a
famous
person.
Last
April,
she
was
invited
to
the
White
House
and
honored
as
a
Hurricane
Sandy
Champion
of
Change.
Today,
the
scars(
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)创痕)of
destruction
are
still
seen
in
Rockaway,
but
hope
is
in
the
air.
The
streets
are
clear,
and
many
homes
have
been
rebuilt.
“I
can’t
imagine
living
anywhere
but
Rockaway,”
Natalie
declares.
“My
neighborhood
will
be
back,
even
stronger
than
before.”
59.When
Natali
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
returned
to
Rockaway
after
the
hurricane
,she
found______.
A.some
friends
had
lost
their
lives
B.her
neighborhood
was
destroyed
C.her
school
had
moved
to
Brooklyn
D.the
elderly
were
free
from
suffering
60.According
to
paragraph4,who
inspired
Natalie
most?
A.The
people
helping
Rockaway
rebuild
B.The
people
trapped
in
high_rise
building
C.The
volunteers
donating
money
to
survivors
D.Local
teenagers
bringing
clothing
to
elderly
people
61.How
did
Natalie
help
the
survivors?
A.She
gave
her
toys
to
the
kids
B.She
took
care
of
younger
children
C.She
called
on
the
White
House
to
help
D.She
built
an
information
sharing
platform
62.What
does
the
story
intend
to
tell
us?
A.Little
people
can
make
a
big
difference
B.A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed
C.East
or
West,home
is
best
D.Technology
is
power
【答案】
59.B
60.A
61.D
62.A
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：人物故事类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】
故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
解题技巧：
1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如本题中的第62题：通过Natalie帮助他人的行为告诉读者小人物也可以有大作为这一道理。
2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。
3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。
C
California
Condor’s
Shocking
Recovery
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
California
condors
ar
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
North
America’s
largest
birds,
with
wing-length
of
up
to
3
meters.
In
the
1980s,
electrical
lines
and
lead
poisoning(铅中毒)
nearly
drove
them
to
dying
out.
Now,
electric
shock
training
and
medical
treatment
are
helping
to
rescue
these
big
birds.
In
the
late
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)1980s,
the
last
few
condors
were
taken
from
the
wild,
and
there
are
now
more
than
150
flying
over
California
and
nearby
Arizona,
Utah
and
Baja
in
Mexico.
Electrical
lines
have
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)been
killing
them
off.
“As
they
go
in
to
rest
for
the
night,
they
just
don’t
see
the
power
lines,”
says
Bruce
Rideout
of
San
Diego
Zoo.
Their
wings
can
bridge
the
gap
between
lines,
resulting
in
electrocution(电死)
if
they
touch
two
lines
at
once.
So
scientists
h
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ave
come
up
with
a
shocking
idea.
Tall
poles,
placed
in
large
training
areas,
teach
the
birds
to
stay
clear
of
electrical
lines
by
giving
them
a
painful
but
undeadly
electric
shock.
Before
the
training
was
introduced,
66%
of
set-freed
condors
died
of
electrocution.
This
has
now
dropped
to
18%.
Lead
poisonous
has
p
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)roved
more
difficult
to
deal
with.
When
condors
eat
dead
bodies
of
other
animals
containing
lead,
they
absorb
large
quantities
of
lead.
This
affects
their
nervous
systems
and
ability
to
produce
baby
birds,
and
can
lead
to
kidney(肾)
failures
and
death.
So
condors
with
high
levels
of
lead
are
sent
to
Los
Angeles
Zoo,
where
they
are
treated
with
calcium
EDTA,
a
chemical
that
removes
lead
from
the
blood
over
several
days.
This
work
is
starting
to
pay
off.
The
annual
death
rate
for
adult
condors
has
dropped
from
38%
in
2000
to
5.4%
in
2011.
Rideout’s
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eam
thinks
that
the
California
condors’
average
survival
time
in
the
wild
is
now
just
under
eight
years.
“Although
these
measures
are
not
effective
forever,
they
are
vital
for
now,”
he
says.
“They
are
truly
good
birds
that
are
worth
every
effort
we
put
into
recovering
them.
”
63.California
condors
attract
researchers’
interest
because
they
.
A.are
active
at
night
B.had
to
be
bred
in
the
wild
C.are
found
on
in
California
D.almost
died
out
in
the
1980s
64.Researchers
have
found
electrical
lines
are.
A.blocking
condors’
journey
home
B.
big
killers
of
Califorbnia
condoras
C.
rest
places
for
condors
at
night
D.
used
to
keep
condors
away
65.According
to
Paraghaph
5
,lead
poisoning.
A.makes
condors
too
nervous
to
fly
B.
has
little
effect
on
condors’
kidneys
C.
can
hardly
be
gotten
rid
of
form
condors’
blood
D.
makes
it
different
for
condors
to
produce
baby
birds
66.The
passage
shows
that
.
A.the
average
survival
time
of
condors
is
satisfactory
B.Rideout’s
research
interest
lies
in
electric
engineering
C.the
efforts
to
protect
condors
have
brought
good
results
D.researchers
have
found
the
final
answers
to
the
problem
【答案】
63.D
64.B
65.D
66.C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：环保类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
推理判断题属于主观题，是层
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)次较高的题目。它包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
推理判断题的解题方法
：
推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。
任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者需要知道如何去做或按照某种方式思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
D
Why
College
Is
Not
Home
The
college
years
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)are
supposed
to
be
a
time
for
important
growth
in
autonomy(自主性)
and
the
development
of
adult
identity.
However,
now
they
are
becoming
an
extended
period
of
adolescence,
during
which
many
of
today’s
students
and
are
not
shouldered
with
adult
responsibilities.
For
previous
generations,
college
was
decisive
break
from
parental
control;
guidance
and
support
needed
help
from
people
of
the
same
age
and
from
within.
In
the
past
two
decades,
however,
continued
connection
with
and
dependence
on
family,
thanks
to
cellphones,
and
social
media,
have
increased
significantly.
Some
parents
go
so
far
as
to
help
with
coursework.
Instead
of
promoting
the
idea
of
college
as
a
passagefrom
the
shelter
of
the
family
to
autonomy
and
adult
responsibility,
universities
have
given
in
to
the
idea
that
they
should
provide
the
same
environment
as
that
of
the
home.
To
prepare
for
increased
autonomy
and
responsibility,
college
needs
to
be
a
time
of
exploration
and
experimentation.
This
process
involves
“trying
on
”
new
ways
of
thinking
about
oneself
both
intellectually(在思维方面)
and
personally.
While
we
should
provide
“safe
spaces”
within
colleges,
we
must
also
make
it
safe
to
express
opinions
and
challenge
majority
views.
Intellectual
growth
and
flexibility
are
fostered
on
debate
and
questioning.
Learning
to
de
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)al
with
the
social
world
is
equally
important.
Because
a
college
community(群体)
differs
from
the
family,
many
students
will
struggle
to
find
a
sense
of
belonging.
If
students
rely
on
administrators
to
regulate
their
social
behavior
and
thinking
pattern,
they
are
not
facing
the
challenge
of
finding
an
identity
within
a
larger
and
complex
community.
Moreover,
the
tendenc
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)y
for
universities
to
monitor
and
shape
student
behavior
runs
up
against
another
characteristic
of
young
adults:
the
response
to
being
controlled
by
their
elders.
If
acceptable
social
behavior
is
too
strictly
defined(规定)
and
controlled,
the
insensitive
or
aggressive
behavior
that
administrators
are
seeking
to
minimize
may
actually
be
encouraged.
It
is
not
surp
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rising
that
young
people
are
likely
to
burst
out,
particularly
when
there
are
reasons
to
do
so.
Our
generation
once
joined
hands
and
stood
firm
at
times
of
national
emergency.
What
is
lacking
today
is
the
conflict
between
adolescent’s
desire
for
autonomy
and
their
understanding
of
an
unsafe
world.
Therefore,
there
is
the
desire
for
their
dorms
to
be
replacement
homes
and
not
places
to
experience
intellectual
growth.
Every
college
d
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)iscussion
about
community
values,
social
climate
and
behavior
should
include
recognition
of
the
developmental
importance
of
student
autonomy
and
self-regulation,
of
the
necessary
tension
between
safety
and
self-discovery.
67.What’s
the
auth
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)or’s
attitude
toward
continued
parental
guidance
to
college
students?
A.Sympathetic
B.Disapproving
C.Supportive
D.Neutral
68.The
underlined
word
“passage”
in
Paragraph
2
means.
A.change
B.choice
C.text
D.extension
69.According
to
the
author,what
role
should
college
play?
A.to
develop
a
shared
identity
among
students
B.to
define
and
regulate
students’
social
behavior
C.To
provide
a
safe
world
without
tension
for
students
D.To
foster
students’
intellectual
and
personal
development
70.Which
of
the
f
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ollowing
shows
the
development
of
ideas
in
the
passage?
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
【答案】
67.B
68.A
69.D
70.C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：教育类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
I.三类篇章结构题的出题方式
1.
结构识辨:此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。
结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下：
How
is
the
text
organized?
The
author
develops
the
passage
mainly
by________.
The
text
is
mainly
developed
in
the
order
of________.
Which
of
the
following
shows
the
structure
of
the
passage?
2.
组织结构功能:
此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：
The
author
quoted
…wo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rds
in...paragraph
in
order
to
make
the
article________.
3.
结构推测:
此类组织结构题要
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下：
What
would
the
auth
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)or
probably
discuss
in
the
paragraph
that
follows?[来源:学优]
Which
of
the
fol
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)lowing
do
you
think
has
been
discussed
in
the
part
before
this
selection?
II.解题策略
考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)比较清晰、规范，因此，具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。
记叙文可以采取以时间为序、
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他,
最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。
议论文总体上可以分为四类：
第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；
第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；
第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；
第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。
3)
说明文往往采取下定义
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。
第二节（共
5
小题；每小题
2
分，共
10
分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The
Science
of
Risk-Seeking
Sometimes
We
decide
that
a
little
unnecessary
danger
is
worth
it
because
when
we
weigh
the
risk
and
the
reward,
the
risk
seems
worth
taking.
71
Some
of
us
enjoy
activities
that
would
surprise
and
scare
the
rest
of
us.
Why?
Experts
say
it
may
have
to
do
with
how
our
brains
work.
The
reason
why
any
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)of
us
take
any
risks
at
all
might
have
to
do
with
early
humans.
Risk-takers
were
better
at
hunting,
fighting,
or
exploring.
72
As
the
quality
of
Risk-taking
was
passed
from
on
ration
to
the
next,
humans
ended
up
with
a
sense
of
adventure
and
a
tolerance
for
risk.
So
why
aren’t
we
all
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)jumping
out
of
airplanes
then?
Well,
even
200,000
years
ago,
too
much
risk-taking
could
get
one
Killed.
A
few
daring
survived,
though,
along
with
a
few
stay-in-the-cave
types.
As
a
result,
humans
developed
a
range
of
character
types
that
still
exists
today.
So
maybe
you
love
car
racing,
or
maybe
you
hate
it.
73
No
matter
where
you
are
on
the
risk-seeking
range,
scientists
say
that
your
willingness
to
take
risks
increases
during
your
teenage
years.
74
To
help
you
do
that,
your
brain
increases
your
hunger
for
new
experiences.
New
experiences
often
mean
taking
some
risks,
so
your
brain
raises
your
tolerance
for
risk
as
well.
Mean
taking
some
risks
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?),
so
your
brain
raisers
your
tolerance
for
risk
as
well.
75
For
the
risk-s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eekers
a
part
of
the
brain
related
to
pleasure
becomes
active,
while
for
the
rest
of
us,
a
part
of
the
brain
related
to
fear
becomes
active.
As
experts
c
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ontinue
to
study
the
science
of
risk-seeking,
we’ll
continue
to
hit
the
mountains,
the
waves
or
the
shallow
end
of
the
pool.
A.
It
all
depends
on
your
character.
B.
Those
are
the
risks
you
should
jump
to
take.
C.
Being
better
at
those
things
meant
a
greater
chance
of
survival.
D.
Thus,
these
well
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)-equipped
people
survived
because
they
were
the
fittest.
E.
This
is
whe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)n
you
start
to
move
away
from
your
family
and
into
the
bigger
world.
F.
However,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)we
are
not
all
using
the
same
reference
standard
to
weigh
risks
and
rewards.
G.
New
brain
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
research
suggests
our
brains
work
differently
when
we
face
a
nervous
situation.
【答案】
71.F
72.C
73.A
74.E
75.
G
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：科研类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
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1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。
2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。
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3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。
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4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。
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5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly...butalso，ononehand....ontheotherhand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35
分）
第一节（15分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友J
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)im
在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：
1.
该人物是谁；
2.
该人物的主要贡献；
3.
该人物对你的影响。
注意：
1.
词数不少于50；
2.
开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear
Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li
Hua
【答案】
Dear
Jim,
It’s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)great
to
hear
from
you.
I
feel
proud
knowing
your
interest
in
Chinese
history.
As
for
my
favourite
fi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)gure
in
Chinese
history,
it
must
be
Wei
Yuan,
a
great
thinker
in
the
late
Qing
Dynasty.
He,
in
his
book,
Haiguo
Tuzhi
(Mps
and
Records
of
the
World),
introduced
modern
technologies
and
ideas
to
China.
That
opened
our
eyes
to
the
world.
In
fact,
he
inspires
me
to
major
in
English
in
college
to
be
a
bridge
between
China
and
the
world.
Interested
in
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
knowing
more?
I
can
find
you
some
books!
Just
let
me
know.
Cheers!
Yours,
Li
Hua
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
考点：应用文写作
【名师点睛】
题材偏向于信息介绍类的开放式写作，对于应用
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)文格式的要求并不高，但对于语言组织和词汇积累的要求极高。本次应用文并没有限定考生必须写某一位历史人物，但是谈及人物的贡献和对自己的影响时，考生有可能会遇到大量的词汇障碍，故难度较去年明显提升。
第二节（
20
分）
假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions
for
a
Greener
Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：地球日Earth
Day
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
【答案】
Actions
for
a
Greener
Earth
A
week
befor
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
Earth
Day,
posters
were
put
up
around
our
school,
calling
upon
us
to
join
in
the
actions
for
a
greener
earth.
Our
class
ca
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)me
up
with
the
idea
to
make
better
use
of
used
materials.
We
brought
to
our
classroom
worn-out
clothes,
pieces
of
cardboard
and
empty
plastic
bottles
and
turned
those
into
dolls,
handbags,
tissue
boxes
and
small
vases.
That
weekend,
we
went
to
a
nearby
neighborhood
and
gave
them
away
to
the
people
th
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