Module 4 Seeing the doctor
Unit3 语法课 现在完成时
教学设计
一. 教学年级：八年级
二. 教材内容：八年级下册Module 4 Seeing the doctor
Unit3 语法课 现在完成时
三. 学情分析：
本节课为语法课，主要内容为现在完成时的讲解运用
四. 授课时间：40分钟
五. 教学目标：
现在完成时
六.教学重难点：
与一段时间连用的现在完成时，延续性动词与短暂性动词
七、设计过程:
Step1:Lead-in:
我们已经学习了现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时这4种时态的用法，但这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如：表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”，以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时，我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。
Step 2：新知呈现
一 现在完成时基本定义
现在完成时有两种用法
1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作。
2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态。
二 现在完成时句型构成
基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）.
②否定句：主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语.
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）?
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
三.现在完成时的标志词 往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
如already（肯定句中），yet（否定，疑问，句末），just,before,recently,still,lately,never recently, lately in/during the past/last 5 years by now, so far, up to now, till now
once, twice… all/in one’s life
eg. 1 Have you ever been to Beijing?你以前去过北京吗？
2 I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.我从来没有听到Bunny说她的坏话。
四 短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换
短暂性(短动词)动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性(长动词)动词.
1表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for +一段时间?或“since+过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。 for + 段时间 since +点时间
2 对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long
部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词： 短暂性动词 延续性动词 die → be dead borrow → keep buy/catch → have get up → be up come → be in finish → be over leave → be away open → be open close → be closed begin → be on become→ be
1) 他入团两年了。
误：He has joined the League for two years.
正：He has been a League member for two years.
2)我买这辆自行车三年了。
误：I have bought this bike for three years.
正：I have had this bike for three years.
五 have/has gone to have/has been to have/has been in的区别
六 与一般过去时的用法比较
一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢? ☆答：①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday连用;强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。 ②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。
Step 3Homework
翻译下列句子： 1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。 7. 我自从上星期看过这部电影。 8. 自从1992年他住在这里。 9.这本字典我已买了三年了。 10.他离开中国三年了
八年级英语下册 Module 4 Seeing the doctor
Unit3语法课
评测练习
一 改 错
1. How long have you begun to study English?
2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.
3. The river has become very dirty since last August.
4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.
5. He has gone out for two years.
二 用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空
Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year.
Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop.
______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never.
Where _____ you ______ these days?
Has Jim arrived yet?
Yes, he _______ here for several days.
Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________.
Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? Li Lei is looking for you.
三 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1._____ you ________(clean) the room?
Yes, we __________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it?
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it?
He ______ it last week.
How many times _____you______(be) there?
4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes.
How ______ she _______(go) there?
She _______(go) there by air.
6. So far, many countries _______________(develop)
their software programs.
7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year.
8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year.
四 翻译下列句子： 1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。 7. 我自从上星期看过这部电影。 8. 自从1992年他住在这里。 9.这本字典我已买了三年了。 10.他离开中国三年了
课件48张PPT。现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense现在完成时
主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与have gone 比较与一般过去时的用法比较一 构成:have/has+动词过去分词 (pp)肯定 主语+have/has + pp
否定 主语+have/has not + pp
一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语+ pp+其他
?Yes, 主+have/has. No, 主+haven’t/hasn’t.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+pp+其他 1 表示过去发生的动作或事情，
对现在的影响和产生的结果。二现在完成时的主要用法三现在完成时的时间状语 yet(否/疑), already 已经
ever/never 曾经/从来不
just 刚刚
before 以前
recently, lately 最近
in/during the past/last 5 years 过去五年
by now, so far, up to now, till now 迄今
once, twice… 一次…
all/in one’s life 某人一生 A: ______ your brother _________ a new watch? (buy )
B: Not yet.Key wordsHas bought yet A: _______ you ever _______ to the park? ( be )
B: Yes, I have. Key wordsHave been yet ever I ______ never ______ of anything like that.
(hear )Key wordshave heard yet ever never Tom ___________ in the factory since he
left school ten years ago. (work )Key wordshas worked yet ever never since A: How long ______ you ________ in this school? (teach )
B: For 6 years. Key wordshave taught yet ever never since for I ______ just ________ the desk, you
can take it to your classroom . (mend )Key wordshave mended yet ever never since for just _______ you _______ the Forbidden City
(紫禁城) before ? (visit ) Key wordsHave visited yet ever never since for just before He ____ already ______ a job. (find)
Key words has found yet ever never since for just before already We _______ only ____________ the first
five questions so far. (discuss ) Key words have discussed yet ever never since for just before already so far They ______________over 20,000 fruit
trees up to now . (plant )Key words have planted yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now Great changes _________________ in
Beijing in the past 10 years. (take place )Key words have taken place yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years He __________ a lot of good things
in his life. (do )Key words has done yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life I ____________ her lately. ( not see )Key words haven’t seen yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately I _________________ him recently.
(not hear from ) Key words haven’t heard from yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately recently He ___________ in this city
ever since then. (live )Key words has lived yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately recently ever since then He ___________ in this high
school till now. (teach )Key words has taught yet ever never since for just before already so far up to now in the past 10 years in his life lately recently ever since then till now?
2. 表示一个从过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。注意：动词延续性
（1）for +
I have been here for 5 weeks.
He’s studied English for 3 years.
She has worked for 10 hours.一段时间（2）since +
?
?
(过去的)时间点I have been here since 2000.
He has worked as a lawyer since 5 years ago?
They’ve lived in CQ since they married in 2000. 注1)：since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加强语气。
I have been here (ever) since then.
注2)：对for或since引导的时间状语提问用how long
I have lived here for 10 years.? How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.?How long has she stood here?注3)：短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用，也不能用于how long问句中。
（误）I have left for 5 years.
(正)I have been away for 5 years. 四 短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换
短暂性(短动词)动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性(长动词)动词.leave--
come/go (to) --
arrive (at/in)--
get (to)--
reach--
buy--
borrow--
finish--join--
start/begin--
die--
close--
open--
return--
marry--
become-- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/an…be onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married bePlease point out any mistakes and correctShe has bought the computer for two years.hadPlease point out any mistakes and correctHow long have you come to the United States？ been in Please point out any mistakes and correctAnn has gone to China since three months ago.been inPlease point out any mistakes and correctI have got to Paris for one week .been inPlease point out any mistakes and correctMy brother has joined the army for five years. been inbeen a soldier Please point out any mistakes and correctI have left Shanghai for 3 days. been away fromPlease point out any mistakes and correctI have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago . kept Please point out any mistakes and correctThe film has begun for 10 minutes. been on Please point out any mistakes and correctThe concert has finished for half an hour. been over Please point out any mistakes and correctHis dog has died for two years . been dead Please point out any mistakes and correctShe has married for six years . been married 注：※非延续性动词用于现在完成时,表示动作已经完成，它不能跟段时间。 但它的否定式可以跟段时间状语连用. Tom has left Beijing.
He has borrowed a pen from me.
Tom hasn’t left Beijing since he came to this city in 2004.
They haven’t bought any new house since they moved to Shanghai.
She hasn’t bought any new clothes for a year.三 have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；(去了未回来)
have/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语；
(去了已回来)have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留了一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。
(状态)(曾经在，现在还在那里)
用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year.
Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop.
______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never.
Where _____ you ______ these days?
Has Jim arrived yet?
Yes, he _______ here for several days.
Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________.
Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ?
Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单五 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时: 强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果，与现在有关。 一般过去时: 仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。 他已学英语五年了。 He has studied English for five years. 他曾学过五年英语。 He studied English for five years. （说明他还会继续学下去） （只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。） 一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。 遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般过去时 (表过去的时间)当有 so far, in/during/over the past/ last few days(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时 (不能与确定的时间)动 词 填 空：
1._____ you ________(clean) the room?
Yes, we __________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it?
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it?
He ______ it last week.
3. How many times _____you______(be) there?
Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes.
How ______ she _______(go) there?
She _______(go) there by air.
6. So far, many countries _______________(develop)
their software programs.
7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year.
8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year.
have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单Homework、翻译下列句子： 1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。 7. 我自从上星期看过这部电影。 8. 自从1992年他住在这里。 9.这本字典我已买了三年了。 10.他离开中国三年了
