Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共21张PPT) 2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修3

(共21张PPT)
人教版（2019）必修三
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Discovering Useful Structures
Understand the use of ellipsis in English
Learning objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
find out the words that have been omitted to avoid repetition in sentences;
grasp the use of ellipsis in English;
apply ellipsis in certain context.
Which one is common in our daily conversation
What rhetorical devices are used here
(1)
A: I’m hungry.
B: Are you
A: Yeah. Didn’t have lunch today.
B: Want some sandwiches
A: Are there any
B: Yeah. Just made some.
(2)
A: I’m hungry.
B: Are you hungry
A: Yeah. I didn’t have lunch today.
B: Do you want some sandwiches
A: Are there any
B: Yeah. I’ve just made some.
Ellipsis (省略)
Lead-in
Look and discuss.
1. A: Oh, I just love nachos! Mexican corn chips covered in cheese!
B: Me, too.
2. A: So it’s the food of many different cultures, all in one dish
B: Exactly.
3. A real mix of cultures here!
4. Can’t wait!
They are
I love nachos
and they are
it’s the food of many different cultures, and they are all in one dish.
There is
I
to go there
Presentation
Read the following sentences and find the words that have been omitted to
avoid repetition.
1. You mean you are planning a trip across the Atlantic for a holiday It sounds like a good idea.
2. He tried to solve his financial problems, but he couldn’t solve the problems.
3. If it is necessary, I’ll finish my report on American poetry as soon as it is possible.
4. Are you going to dress like that Wearing a dress might be better than wearing jeans and boots.
5. Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some are not poisonous.
6. I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book, too.
Good idea.
but couldn’t.
A dress might be better than jeans and boots.
Simple sentences:
Compound sentences (并列句):
Complex sentences (复合句):
1 (Questions/Answers)
2 (but); 5 (and); 6 (and)
3 (if necessary); 4 (than)
Rewrite the sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.
adj. 大西洋的
adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的
n. 诗集；诗歌；诗作
n. 牛仔裤
n. 靴子
n. 蘑菇；蕈
adj. 引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的
vt. 包；裹；折叠 vt. & vi. （可）折小；（可）叠平
一、 概述：在英语中，为了使语言简洁、紧凑、重点突出，常常省略句中的一个或多个成分，这种
语法现象称为省略。
二、分类：
1. 词法上的省略
（1）介词的省略
一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的V-ing。常见的结构有：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth；be busy (in) doing sth；spend some time (in) doing sth；stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth。
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
He spent four hours (in) reviewing his lessons.
他花了4个小时复习功课。
Grammar
Ellipsis 省略
（2）替代性省略
在某些情况下，当我们省略掉某个词、词组或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。
① 省略的动词或动词加其他成分可以用do来代替。
He speaks English more fluently than you do. 他说英语比你说得流利。
② 在believe, expect, suppose, think和it appears/seems之后，表示同意前面说过的话时可以用so代替单词（形容词、副词）、词组或句子；表示对前面说过的话加以否定时，可以用not或not ... so。
— Can you finish your work today 你今天能完成工作吗？
— I think so. /I don’t think so. /I think not. 我认为能。/我认为不能。
*注意：hope, guess, be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not ... so的形式。
— The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they 这些男孩们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？
— I guess not. 我猜是没做好。
③ “So/Nor (Neither)+谓语/助动词+主语”这一句型用来替代前面提到的情况，表明它也适用于
后者。
— I don’t think I can walk any further. 我认为我不能再行走了。
— Neither can I. Let’s stop here for a rest. 我也不行了。我们在这儿停下来休息一下吧。
④ the same可代替名词词组、形容词词组、从句或比较结构。
— I lost my bike last month. 我上个月把自行车弄丢了。
— The same happened to me. 我也丢了一辆自行车。
（3）不定式（短语）的省略
① 有些动词（词组），如want, wish, expect, hope, would like, try, forget等后面接不定式（短
语）作宾语时，为了避免重复，动词不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略。
I asked him to eat out, but he didn’t want to.
我让他去外面吃，但他不想去。
② 两个或两个以上的句法作用相同的不定式（短语）并列时，第一个带to，后面的不定式（短语）
可以省去to。
I’m really puzzled about what to think or say.
我真不知该怎么想、怎么说。
③ 当不定式（短语）在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite,
beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时，为了避免重复，常保留不定式符号to，而省略后面的动词。
She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to.
她想来，但她的父母不会允许她来。
*特别提醒：当省略的动词不定式（短语）内含有be或作助动词用的have的任何形式时，to后要保留be或have。
④ 跟在感官动词（词组）see, look at, hear, listen to, watch等和使役动词make, let, have等后面
作宾补的不定式（短语）要省略to，但在此类动词（词组）的被动语态中，to不可省略。
They made the boy go to bed early. = The boy was made to go to bed early.
他们让这个男孩儿早睡。
⑤ 作介词but, except, besides的宾语，且前面又有实义动词do的任何形式时，后面的不定式（短语）
常省略to。
All he could do was nothing but wait.
他所能做的只有等待。
⑥ 某些形容词pleased, glad, happy等后面常省略不定式（短语），但to要保留。
— Will you join the game 你愿意参加这个游戏吗？
— I’d be glad to. 我愿意。
⑦ why/why not用于特殊疑问句，表示“干吗要/不，为什么要/不”时，后跟省略to的动词不定式（短语）。
Why talk so much about it
何必大谈这件事呢？
2. 句法上的省略
（1）简单句中的省略
① 感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。
What a hot day (it is)! 多热的天啊！
② 在口语中，某些句子成分可以省略。
(Are you) Ready 准备好了吗？
(Is there) Anything else to say 还有别的要说吗？
（2）并列句中的省略
① 省略共同的主语或宾语。
All these stadiums are still functional, (all these stadiums are) still open and (all these stadiums are) still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界体育盛事。
② 若主语不同而助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做作业。
③ 若主语与谓语相同，则省略后面的主语和谓语。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
④ 若主语不同，但谓语及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
I was born in winter in 2003 and Bob (was born in winter) in 2004.
我出生于2003年的冬天，而鲍勃出生于2004年的冬天。
（3）状语从句中的省略
① 在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if / as though, as, whether等引导的状语从句中，若从句谓语是be动词的某种形式，而从句主语又跟主句的主语相同或从句主语是it时，则从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.
横穿街道的时候要当心车辆。
His opinion, whether (it is) right or wrong, would be considered.
他的意见，无论对错，都会被考虑。
② 在if it is possible, when it is necessary等类似结构中，it is常可省略。
I want to avoid the rush hour traffic if (it is) possible.
如果可能的话，我想避开交通高峰期。
（4）定语从句与名词性从句中的省略
① 在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后的关系代词whom, which, that等可省略；that在
先行词way后的从句中作方式状语时可省略。
He is the man (whom/who/that) you can depend on. 他是你能信赖的人。
I don’t like the way (that) you treat the girl. 我不喜欢你对待这个女孩的方式。
② 在know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连接词
that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可以省略，其余的则不能省略。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should memorize it.
他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该把它记住。
③ 在由which, when, where, how, why等引导的宾语从句中，有时引导词后的成分可全部或部分省略。
She will come back, but he doesn’t know when (she will come back).
她会回来的，可是他不知道她什么时候会回来。
④ 在与suggest, request, order, advise（表示建议、要求、命令时）等相关的名词性从句中，应用
虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。
It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
有人建议我们去看这部电影。
1. A: How can we make Italian vegetable soup
B: I don’t know how we can make it.
2. A: When did you get to Florence
B: I got to Florence yesterday.
3. A: Are you a student of English literature
B: No, though I wish I were a student of English literature.
4. A: Did he go to Egypt
B: He said he would go, but he didn’t go.
5. A: Would you like to try on this pair of jeans
B: Yes, I would like to try on that pair of jeans.
B: I don’t know.
B: Yesterday.
B: No, though I wish I were.
B: He said he would, but didn’t.
B: Yes, I would like to.
Practice
Read these sentences. In pairs, decide which words can be left out. (Workbook P74-1)
Questions
1. Do you think it’s going to rain this afternoon ____
2. We were quite surprised after we saw the paintings in the gallery. ____
3. Will you join our trip to South Africa ____
4. Will the flight to Rome take off on time ______
5. Would you mind using a diagram to explain these percentages to me ____
6. Has Lily ever been to the Louvre Museum ____
Answers
A. Why so
B. Not at all.
C. I hope not.
D. I’m afraid not.
E. Maybe not.
F. I’d love to. / I’d be glad to.
C
A
F
D/E
B
E
Match the questions to the most likely answers. Notice how ellipsis is used in the answers. (Workbook P74-2)
1. Taking photos is not allowed here.
2. You should not walk on the grass.
3. There will be roadworks ahead.
4. There may be children crossing the road ahead.
5. The sooner it happens, the better it will be.
6. A millionaire was poisoned in his home in Beverly Hills.
7. The plane crash in Colorado last week claimed 15 lives.
8. There is an exhibition of fine china at the museum.
No photos.
Stay/Keep off the grass.
Roadworks ahead.
Children crossing ahead.
The sooner, the better.
Millionaire poisoned (in Beverly Hills).
Plane crash claimed 15 lives.
Exhibition of fine china.
Ellipsis is often used in public signs, headlines, diaries, notes, or informal letters. Rewrite these sentences using ellipsis. (Workbook P75-3)
Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places
to visit
Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit ... well, definitely the
Huangguoshu Waterfall first.
Justin: What’s special about the waterfall
Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West
Justin: Yes, I have. Why
Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.
Justin: Really Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.
Linlin: And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more
diverse than you thought.
Justin: Sounds great, thanks!
Do you have any recommendations for places to visit in Guizhou Province
, that’s cool!
What are some places to visit in Guizhou
definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.
Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West. Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West
In the back of the Huangguoshu Waterfall, ..., the Monkey King from Journey to the West.
That’s really true It’s cool!
And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province.
... diverse than you thought it was.
This all sounds great, thanks!
Production
Read the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.
adv. 特别；格外 adj. 顶好的；超级的
黄果树瀑布
《西游记》
Monday, 12th June
Arrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop off my luggage, shower, and shave. Went exploring afterwards.
Took a ride on a cable car first. Got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Learnt that Andrew Hallidie invented the cable car system in 1873 in order to find a form of transport better than horse-drawn trams. He’d been shocked after seeing a series of events in which a tram’s brakes failed, the conductor couldn’t control
the situation, and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. Horrible accident indeed!
Had a late lunch at Fisherman’s Wharf, the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco and set up the fishing industry. Now it’s a tourist area with lots of shops, restaurants, and bakeries. Did so much exploring at Fisherman’s Wharf.
Exhausted and don’t feel like doing anything else. Early night tonight!
______
____
_____
____
___
______
_______
___
___
__________________
____
Read George’s first diary entry and underline the parts where ellipsis is used. (Workbook P75-4)
Wednesday, 14th June
I hopped on a ferry to Angel Island this morning. I had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge on the way.
I read that from 1882 to 1940, Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese immigrants applied to live in the USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold, and damp; some did not even have light, but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay felt like
punishment rather than justice and freedom. They wrote poems on the walls about loneliness, and mourned their earlier life in China. The civil authorities reformed the system in 1940, and many more Chinese took the opportunity to settle in the USA.
The visit to Angel Island made me think about my life. I am thankful for my easy life today.
Then revise his second diary entry using ellipses when possible. (Workbook P75-4)
They wrote poems on the walls about loneliness, and mourned their earlier life in China. Civil authorities reformed the system in 1940, and many more Chinese took opportunity to settle in USA.
Angel Island made me very thoughtful. Thankful for my easier life today.
Wednesday, 14th June
Hopped on a ferry to Angel Island this morning. Had a good view of Golden Gate Bridge on the way.
Read that 1882 – 1940, Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese applied to live in USA. Cells were very small, cold and damp; some did not even have light but immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay more like punishment than justice and freedom.
He tried to solve his financial problems, but he couldn’t solve the problems. (P30)
他试图解决他的经济问题，但他解决不了这些问题。
financial /fa n n l/ adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的
例句
In this financial crisis, foreign trade enterprises bear the brunt.
在这场金融危机中，外贸企业首当其冲。
拓展
financially adv. 经济上；财政上
例句
She is still financially dependent on her parents.
她在经济上仍然依靠父母。
Language points
Homework
Review the usage of ellipsis in English.