高一下学期英语北师大版（2019）期末达标测试卷A卷
考试时间：120分钟
满分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which flavor of ice cream will the boy have
A. Blueberry. B. Strawberry. C. Chocolate.
2. What is the woman going to do this afternoon
A. Borrow a book. B. Visit Mr. Smith. C. Attend a meeting.
3. What does the woman offer to do for the boy
A. Fix his phone.
B. Treat him to dinner.
C. Give him a ride.
4. What will the woman do the day after tomorrow
A. Leave for London.
B. Attend a seminar.
C. Do the gardening.
5. What are the speakers going to do next
A. Buy tickets. B. Make a drink. C. See a film.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The weather. B. The mountain. C. The clothes.
7. What does the woman decide to do during the day
A. Go on a road trip.
B. Appreciate the sunrise.
C. Go hiking.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How does the woman sound at first
A. Regretful. B. Excited. C. Relieved.
9. What do we know about the woman
A. She is a member of the city team.
B. She likes to have snacks with beer.
C. She watched the game on the scene.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the woman like most about solving the puzzle
A. It helps broaden her knowledge.
B. It gives her a sense of achievement.
C. It motivates her to think hard.
11. What was zip lining used as before in the Alps
A. A form of entertainment.
B. A means of transport.
C. A way to explore the nature.
12. What do we know about the man
A. He's a quiet person.
B. He avoids dangerous sports.
C. He's a big fan of outdoor activities.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where did Nancy attend middle school
A. In Beijing. B. In Shanghai. C. In Shenzhen.
14. When did Nancy earn a master's degree
A. In 2012. B. In 2016. C. In 2019.
15. What did Nancy do in the first company
A. She traveled abroad for work.
B. She offered help to students.
C. She passed many examinations.
16. Why did Nancy quit her second job
A. She didn't get a fairly good salary.
B. She stood little chance of being promoted.
C. She couldn't get along with her colleagues.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the speaker doing
A. Hosting a program.
B. Giving a lesson.
C. Holding a conference.
18. When did the Bermuda Triangle gain fame
A. In 1945. B. In 1950. C. In 1975.
19. Who proved the stories about the Bermuda Triangle false
A. Vincent Gaddis. B. Edward Jones. C. Larry Kusche.
20. What does the speaker mean in the end
A. The Bermuda Triangle isn't that dangerous.
B. The list isn't correct.
C. Fewer ships travel through the Bermuda Triangle now.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Here are the introductions and achievements of four scientists.
J ns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist, often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry. He developed a system of chemical symbols, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table. Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry.
Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist. He proposed the atomic (原子的) model known as the Bohr model, which explained the behaviour of electrons moving in fixed energy levels or orbits around the atomic nucleus. His model helped explain the spectra (光谱) of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics.
Robert Boyle, born in Ireland, was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry, known for Boyle's law. Boyle's law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume (体积) of a gas at constant temperature. Boyle's work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of gas behaviour and promoted the development of scientific experimental methods.
William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X-ray crystallography (晶体学). Together with his father William Henry Bragg, he developed the famous Bragg's law. This discovery revolutionized the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular structures of various substances, including DNA and proteins.
21. What do we say about J ns Jacob Berzelius
A. He invented a new chemical substance.
B. He established the modern periodic table.
C. He was referred to as a founder of modern physics.
D. He made important achievements in the field of electrochemistry.
22. Who was born in Ireland
A. J ns Jacob Berzelius. B. Niels Henrik David Bohr.
C. Robert Boyle. D. William Lawrence Bragg.
23. What do Niels Henrik David Bohr and William Lawrence Bragg have in common
A. They were born in Denmark.
B. They made a contribution to physics.
C. They discovered new models for chemistry.
D. They did research together with their family.
B
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time, though, he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. "I love music, but I'm not a trained musician. I've learnt to read music so I can help Mariain her performance."
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot." Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand," Mr Titterton said, "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
"My husband is the worst page turner," she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 'Turn, turn!' Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."
24. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
26. What does Titterton need to practise
A. Counting the pages. B. Recognizing the "nodding".
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
27. Why is Ms Raspopova's husband "the worse page turner"
A. He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
C
Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are filled with a diverse range of fish. Some fish are more beautiful to humans than others, and many people firmly believe that beautiful fish deserve more conservation than the uglier species. Is the "firm belief" true You can get the answer from a new paper published in the journal PLOS Biology.
Researchers showed 481 photographs of ray-finned reef fish to 13,000 members of the public. With that data, they then trained a computer model to generate predictions for additional 4,400 photographs of 2,417 of the most common reef fish species. They next compared the aesthetic rating (美学等级) of each species with other characteristics, including evolutionary history, distinctiveness from other fish, conservation status and importance to fisheries.
After analyzing the numbers, researchers found that the fish humans rated as the most beautiful tended to be less ecologically and evolutionarily distinct. Prettier fish were also more likely to be listed as species of "least concern" on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
On the contrary, the fish that humans found to be the least attractive were the most ecologically and evolutionarily distinct, and they were more likely to be listed as "threatened" on the IUCN Red List. Unattractive species also tended to be more important to commercial fisheries, which put them at higher risk for overfishing.
"The less attractive species have the highest ecological distinctiveness, and thus provide the highest diversity of ecological functions," the researchers write in the paper. "We need to pay more attention to the extinction risk of the less attractive fish species, or that might have overlooked effects on reef ecosystem functioning."
"Therefore, to minimize the impact of aesthetic biases, scientists, conservation groups and policymakers may need to change how they communicate about wildlife," the researchers write. "Making people more aware of the roles uglier fish play in reef ecosystems could help them gain more support."
28. What did the researchers do for their research
A. They rated all the photos on their own.
B. They hunted for reef fish in coral reefs.
C. They stayed underwater to monitor fish.
D. They used a computer to predict ratings.
29. What does the researchers' analysis suggest
A. The research is a failure. B. Fish's role in nature is equal.
C. The "firm belief" isn't true. D. Uglier fish are less important.
30. What is the researchers' advice
A. Building natural reserves worldwide for uglier fish.
B. Making an attempt to raise people's aesthetic levels.
C. Raising awareness about the appearance of uglier fish.
D. Educating people on uglier fish's ecological importance.
31. What might be the best title for the text
A. Uglier Fish Are Facing Extinction.
B. Coral Reefs Rely on Various Fish.
C. Uglier Fish Need More Protection.
D. Aesthetic Biases Put Reef Fish in Danger.
D
Climate change and increases in drought and rainstorms pose serious challenges to our water management. An international group of scientists has brought together a large body of research on water quality in rivers worldwide. The study shows that river water quality tends to worsen during extreme weather events. As these events become more often and severe due to climate change, ecosystem health and human access to safe water may be increasingly under threat.
The research led by Dr Michelle van Vliet of Utrecht University analyzed 965 cases of river water quality changes during extreme weather such as drought, heatwaves, rainstorms, and flooding. The analysis shows that in most cases water quality tends to become worse during droughts and heatwaves (68%), rainstorms and floods (51%), and under long-term changes in climate (56%). During droughts, less water is available to dilute contaminants (稀释污染物), while rainstorms and floods generally result in more contaminants that run off from land to rivers and streams. Improvements or mixed responses in water quality are also reported for some cases, for example when increased transport of pollutants is offset (抵消) by more dilution during flood events.
Water quality changes are strongly driven by changes in water temperature. Land use and other human factors such as wastewater treatment also shape how this plays out. "Understanding the complex interplay between climate, land use, and human drivers, which together influence the sources and transport of pollutants, is crucial," says van Vliet. The research also calls for more data collection and studies of water quality in non-Western countries. "We need better monitoring of water quality in Africa and Asia. Most water quality studies now focus on rivers and streams in North America and Europe."
The results of the study underline the urgent need for a better understanding of water quality changes during extreme weather events. It sounds an alarm to us. Only then will we be able to develop effective water management strategies that can safeguard our access to clean water and ensure ecosystem health under climate change and increasing weather extremes.
32. What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A. Human beings should be blamed for climate change.
B. Worsened water quality is threatening the climate.
C. Water quality in rivers worldwide is under risk.
D. Water management has been improved recently.
33. What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The threats caused by extreme weather. B. The factors influencing water safety.
C. The findings of van Vliet's research. D. The design of van Vliet's experiment.
34. According to Paragraph 3, which will van Vliet probably agree with
A. Water quality in non-Western countries is more terrible.
B. Human activities have a big influence on water quality.
C. Related data collection and studies of Europe are adequate.
D. Water quality changes are dominated by water temperature.
35. What is the author's attitude towards van Vliet's research
A. Unclear. B. Contradictory. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for Teaching Kids Responsibility
Your best friend has a teenager who helps with housework without being asked. Your cousin has a one-year-old child that puts her bottle in the sink when she finishes the milk, but no reminders are needed.
36 Raising helpful, good kids who know how to make a sandwich is not a fantasy! The following tips can give you a better chance of raising a responsible child who then grows into a responsible adult.
37 You can't suddenly spring responsibility on a teenager and expect he will know how to follow through. He needs time to practice and totally understand what responsibility means.
Let kids help you. Don't complain when it's time to do housework. Smile and invite your son to help. 38 He will take these good feelings and learn to take ownership of his home and feel pride in keeping it up.
39 Make responsibilities age appropriate. You can show how to complete small tasks in daily life and perform them at a child's skill level. For example, if your kid wants a snack, show him where the apples are and how to wash one off.
Teach your child consequences. Learning to take care of his things also helps a child develop a sense of responsibility for his actions. Get your son to clean up after an art project, and inform him that he won't be able to play with his crayons the next day if he leaves a messy table. 40 The more you carry out the rules, the more likely he is to clean up without being asked.
A. Have a sense of responsibility.
B. Why do they make a sandwich for kids
C. Show kids how to perform responsibility.
D. Where do these wonderful children come from
E. Teaching responsibility to kids needs to start early.
F. When your child is invited to participate, he feels valued.
G. Then take away his supplies if he does not take his responsibility.
第三部分 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
For four long years, Owen Connors had to spend his Saturday afternoons playing rugby (橄榄球) at school. He'd be out there in all weathers. As a teenager, he 41 Saturdays.
The boy would walk home in the dark, 42 in mud and frozen to the bone. So, imagine his 43 when he opened the door of the family's small house to be 44 by the delicious aroma (香味) of Guinness pie. Outside the wind was blowing, and the rain was 45 the windows. But in the 46 kitchen, Owen and his parents would 47 the homemade pie with mashed potatoes and greens 48 .
"It was the exact 49 of standing on a field in the rain and wind," said Owen, who now works as an editor. "It was the 50 of home and it felt like a warm hug."
Owen's family was not a typical Dublin one, so Owen had 51 really fitted into Dublin society. So after graduation from college, he left his hometown in search of a(n) 52 life. On a short visit to Munich, he felt a sudden 53 to stay. He can remember thinking: "This place is 54 —it's clean, safe, near the mountains and lakes."
Owen doesn't eat Guinness pie very often in Munich. Recently he tried to make one with his mum and daughters, and it was a(n) 55 . Three generations shared the food of his childhood.
"I'd like to show my kids more of that kind of food," Owen said.
41. A. missed B. hated C. wasted D. ignored
42. A. taken B. seated C. covered D. buried
43. A. delight B. pain C. courage D. concern
44. A. invited B. served C. moved D. greeted
45. A. opening B. rolling C. pulling D. beating
46. A. empty B. warm C. large D. unique
47. A. make B. enjoy C. remember D. imagine
48. A. silently B. calmly C. nervously D. comfortably
49. A. opposite B. result C. expectation D. choice
50. A. call B. smell C. type D. role
51. A. often B. still C. even D. never
52. A. new B. busy C. ordinary D. modern
53. A. curiosity B. demand C. desire D. emotion
54. A. amusing B. similar C. important D. amazing
55. A. success B. attempt C. challenge D. opportunity
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially
56 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 57 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 58 (address) the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the
59 (large) tea-producing country, China has a 60 (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 61 (share) future for mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 62 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
63 (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 64 (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 65 (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，在"中国——爱尔兰文化节"活动中结识了爱尔兰朋友Chris，现在他已回国。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 回忆活动经历；
2. 分享个人收获；
3. 希望保持联系。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last Saturday, David was taking a walk in the park near his home when he noticed a woman with a boy of about eight years old. When David passed them, he heard the woman yell. "How stupid you are! You're good at nothing." David stopped and looked at the little boy. The boy said nothing. He just stood there, looking upset.
David was reminded of his English teacher Mrs Brown in middle school. After he entered a middle school, David lacked self-confidence because he was often made fun of by others. He was often told that he was good at nothing, which David behaved. But one day it all changed.
One day, in an English writing class, Mrs Brown asked them to read a novel. They were asked to write a new chapter of the novel after they finished reading it. A few days later, David handed in his story. He didn't give it much thought. But the next day, to his surprise, the comment "well done" from Mrs Brown came into view the moment he turned to the page where the story was written. When David read that, he almost burst into tears. He never expected to be praised one day. He suddenly gained some self-confidence.
That day after he returned home, he wrote a short story and gave it to Mrs Brown the next morning. And again he was praised. David became very interested in writing. He often wrote short stories and asked Mrs Brown to read them improve writing skills. One year later, David joined the school newspaper and became an editor of it. He was no longer that boy who lacked self-confidence. He gained his confidence, and was hopeful about his future.
He succeeded in entering a college and kept writing. Several years after graduating from college, he had his first book published. With some more books coming out, he became famous as a writer in his country. And he owed his success to Mrs Brown's encouragement. Without her encouragement, his life might be very different now.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Inspired by his own life story, David decided to do something for that boy.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The mother was ashamed when she heard that.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 听力
第一节
1. 答案：C
解析：M: It's burning hot today. I'd like to have some blueberry ice cream.
W: But there is no blueberry ice cream left. Only three types of ice cream for you to choose from: strawberry, chocolate and orange.
M: Then the second one will be my first choice.
2. 答案：B
解析：W: Hello, Professor Smith. How can I expand my vocabulary The wider vocabulary I learn, the faster I can finish English novels.
M: That's a good question. I'm leaving for a meeting now. Why not come to my office this afternoon
W: Okay. Thanks.
3. 答案：C
解析：M: Mom, can I use your phone for a while My phone is dead. I need to tell Sam that I will be a little late for the party.
W: Certainly. But don't worry. I can drive you to his house on my way to the Harbor House Restaurant.
4. 答案：B
解析：M: Hannah, you're going away soon
W: Yes. Parker and I will set out for London tomorrow. We're going to attend a medical seminar the day after tomorrow. Can you do me a favor and water the flowers in the garden before we come back
M: That's okay.
5. 答案：C
解析：M: Hey, Nancy! Why didn't you wait for me at the entrance
W: I thought you might have arrived early, Jason. Where have you been
M: I went to the grocery store nearby to buy some drinks. Here you are.
W: Thanks. You just missed the first five minutes of the e on in and sit down.
第二节
6. 答案：A
7. 答案：C
解析：M: Brrr, why is it a bit cold I'm sure the weatherman said that today would be warmer. He has never got it right, has he
W: I wouldn't say that. He gets it right most of the time, but we only remember the times when he is wrong. Look! The sun has come out. It's going to be a fine day, I believe. Are you in the mood for an outdoor activity There's only a 10-minute drive to reach the foot of the mountain.
M: Well, I hope you're right. In that case, I should take off my woolen hat and scarf.
W: Yeah, that'll probably be the right decision, because we have a hike ahead of us.
8. 答案：A
9. 答案：C
解析：W: What a pity that our city team was only one point behind the winning team! They nearly won.
M: Yes, but they did a great job and tried their best in the baseball final today.
W: If the third baseman had rushed into the home base, it could have been a draw. In that case, there could have been extra innings. The result might change.
M: Anything may happen during a game. It's not an easy job. We should take their feelings into consideration.
W: You're right. What also impressed me was the snacks in the stadium. The chicken nuggets were so delicious. I really wanted to have more.
M: They were a good match for the beer and welcomed by the crowd.
draw 平局；和局；不分胜负；inning (棒球运动中的)局；回合；chicken nuggets 鸡肉块
10. 答案：A
11. 答案：B
12. 答案：C
解析：M: What are you doing, Anna
W: I am doing the crossword. I find it so funny. It could help me to think while I am organizing information with the help of the given clues. Most importantly, this one is totally about history. It's a good way to improve my historical knowledge.
M: It suits you, since you are a quiet person. However, my passion is going zip lining in the forest.
W: What's that I've never heard of it.
M: Zip lining is a kind of activity that involves sliding down a cable or a rope in the air. It's considered as a fun activity now. But in the past, it was highly practical and used in the Himalayas and the Alps as a way of transportation, without damaging the natural environment.
W: Oh, I guess I once saw people doing it on TV. It seems quite exciting but a bit dangerous.
M: You are right. I never treat it lightly while enjoying the beautiful scenery. I always pay attention to all the equipment like gloves and the helmet.
W: Hmm…I'd like to give it a shot someday.
zip lining 滑索
13. 答案：A
14. 答案：C
15. 答案：B
16. 答案：A
解析：M: Nancy, could you share something about yourself with me
W: Well, I was born in Beijing and went to school there right through middle school. After that, I moved to Shenzhen with my family and I finished high school there. I spent my college life in Shanghai. It was the first time that I had lived on my own.
M: When did you graduate
W: I started college in 2012 and graduated with a Master's in English after seven years of study. Then I returned to my hometown and started my career.
M: OK. Have you got any work experience
W: Yes, I have worked for two companies so far. Both are about English teaching. I helped students pass examinations to study abroad and taught middle school students to improve their grades respectively.
M: How long did you work for the first company
W: About two years. I learned a lot there, so I'm very grateful to my former leaders and colleagues.
M: Why did you leave your second company
W: Well, I wasn't well paid. I couldn't feel a sense of achievement when my efforts weren't rewarded.
17. 答案：A
18. 答案：B
19. 答案：C
20. 答案：A
解析：
Good evening, everyone! Tonight, I'd like to share with you something about the Bermuda Triangle on the program. Have you ever heard about the Bermuda Triangle It was on everyone's lips from about 1950 till about 1980. During that time, people were convinced that mysterious powers were at work there, causing the disappearance of many airplanes and ships.
The Bermuda Triangle is a large triangular area in the Atlantic Ocean. It became famous in 1950, after the Miami Herald published an article by Edward Jones about five American planes disappearing within that area in 1945. A U.S. Navy search plane was sent out to look for them but it also vanished.
People started wondering what had happened, and in 1964 Vincent Gaddis wrote an article called "The Deadly Bermuda Triangle". It was followed by several books, and very quickly, almost everyone in the world was talking about the mysterious Bermuda Triangle.
In 1975, however, a librarian by the name of Larry Kusche published a book. The book shows that the tales about the Bermuda Triangle and its dangers are mostly untrue. He proved that planes or ships disappearing within the Bermuda Triangle are not more than anywhere else on the Earth, and that the Bermuda Triangle is just a sensational story.
In 2013, a list of the world's most dangerous shipping lanes was published. The Bermuda Triangle wasn't even mentioned on the list!
the Bermuda Triangle 百慕大三角；on everyone's lips 大家都在谈论；Miami Herald《迈阿密先驱报》
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
21. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry，可知，约恩斯·雅各布·贝尔塞柳斯在电化学方面有重要发现。故选D项。
22. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Robert Boyle, born in Ireland, was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry, known for Boyle's law. 可知，罗伯特·波义耳出生在爱尔兰。故选C项。
23. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的His model helped explain the spectra of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics. 和最后一段中的William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X-ray crystallography. 可知，他们都对物理学作出了贡献。故选B项。
B
24. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中"but I've learnt to read music(但是我已经学会了识谱)"可知一个翻乐谱的人应该学会识谱，故答案为A项。
25. 答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中"A lot of skills are needed for the job. (这份工作需要大量的技巧。)"以及下文中的关键信息"have to"和"make sure"可综合推断Titterton在舞台上的工作要求很高，故选C项。boring 没趣的，令人厌倦(或厌烦)的；well-paid工资高的；dangerous 危险的。
26. 答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中"and each pianist has their own style of 'nodding' to indicate a page turn(每个钢琴家都有自己的'点头'风格来示意翻页)"可推断Titterton需要识别钢琴家发出的"点头"信号，才能准确地翻页，故答案为B项。
27. 答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中"He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 'Turn，turn!' (他对音乐很感兴趣，能感受到每一个音符，我不得不提醒他：'翻页，翻页！')"可推断他由于专注于音乐，忘了翻页，故答案为D项。
C
28. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的With that data, they then trained a computer model to generate predictions for additional 4,400 photographs of 2,417 of the most common reef fish species. 可知，研究人员利用电脑进行了等级预测。故选D项。
29. 答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的Some fish are more beautiful to humans than others, and many people firmly believe that beautiful fish deserve more conservation than the uglier species. Is the "firm belief" true 及第四段内容可知，人们通常认为美丽的鱼应该受到更多保护，但是研究表明并非如此。由此可推断，研究人员的分析表明这个"坚定的观点"并不对。故选C项。
30. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Making people more aware of the roles uglier fish play in reef ecosystems could help them gain more support."可知，研究者们建议提高人们的意识，即意识到外表相对丑陋的鱼对生态的重要性。故选D项。
31. 答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段和第四段可知，文章说明外表相对丑陋的鱼更需要保护。C项(更丑的鱼需要更多的保护)最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
D
32. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，水资源质量因气候变化、极端天气等因素受到严峻威胁，世界各地河流的水质处于危险之中。故选C项。
33. 答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。第二段是总分结构，根据该段第一句可知，本段主要介绍米歇尔·范·弗利特博士领导的研究，根据下句中的The analysis shows可知，下文具体介绍该研究的结果。故选C项。
34. 答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Land use and other human factors such as wastewater treatment also shape how this plays out. 和Understanding the complex interplay between climate, land use, and human drivers, which together influence the sources and transport of pollutants, is crucial 可知，土地使用和废水处理等其他人为因素也影响水质变化，弗利特认为了解气候、土地利用和人类驱动因素之间的复杂相互作用至关重要，因此可得出她认为人类活动对水质有很大影响。故选B项。
35. 答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The results of the study underline the urgent need for a better understanding of water quality changes during extreme weather events. It sounds an alarm to us. 可知，作者认为该研究给我们敲响了警钟，所以对该研究持支持态度。故选D项。
第二节
36. 答案：D
解析：根据上文可知，你最好的朋友的孩子不用告诉就知道做家务；你堂兄一岁的孩子知道喝完奶之后把奶瓶放在水槽里。下文接下来叙述的是几条能够帮助你让你的孩子有责任感的小建议。D项(这些完美的孩子都是从哪儿来的呢？)紧密联系上下文，符合语境。故选D。
37. 答案：E
解析：根据本段的内容可知，不能突然就要求青少年表现得有责任感，也不要期待他自己会学会。他需要时间来练习和领会才能完全知道责任的含义。E项(教会孩子有责任感需要早点儿开始)能够概括本段内容，适合做这一段的主旨句，符合语境。故选E。
38. 答案：F
解析：根据本段第一句"Let kids help you."可知，本段的主题是"让孩子来帮助你"。F项(当你的孩子被邀请参与的时候，他会觉得自己受到重视)与主题紧密联系，符合语境。故选F。
39. 答案：C
解析：根据下文可知，你可以根据孩子的技能水平向他们展示如何在日常生活中完成小任务。例如，如果你的孩子想要零食，那么就先告诉他苹果放在哪里并且怎样洗苹果。C项(教会孩子如何履行责任)能够概括本段内容，适合做这一段的主旨句，符合语境。故选C。
40. 答案：G
解析：本段主要讲的是教会你的孩子不管做什么事情都要想到后果，并且空前举了一个例子，即告诉你的孩子如果他把桌子弄得凌乱而不去整理，那么第二天他就不能再玩他的蜡笔。G项(如果他没有履行他的责任，那么就拿走他的东西)是对该事例的一个总结，符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节
41. 答案：B
解析：根据前文Owen Connors had to spend his Saturday afternoons playing rugby at school. He'd be out there in all weathers. 可知欧文·康纳斯每周六下午都要在学校打橄榄球，风雨无阻，因此他讨厌周六。故选B项。
42. 答案：C
解析：根据上文欧文打橄榄球可知，打完橄榄球之后，欧文在黑暗中走回家，浑身都沾满泥土。故选C项。
43. 答案：A
解析：根据空后的the delicious aroma of Guinness pie可知，男孩在冻得瑟瑟发抖、浑身沾满泥土的窘境下回到家后，打开房门闻到了美味馅饼的味道，这时他一定会很开心。故选A项。
44. 答案：D
解析：根据语境可知，此时欧文刚回到家，故此处表达传入他鼻中的是美味馅饼的香气。greet意为"(气味等)传入……的鼻中"，故选D项。
45. 答案：D
解析：根据the rain和常识可知，此处表达雨滴拍打着窗户。故选D项。
46. 答案：B
解析：根据上文中的frozen to the bone, the wind was blowing和the rain was 45 the windows及But可知，屋外刮风下雨，寒冷彻骨，家中的厨房里却是温暖的。故选B项。
47. 答案：B
解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，在温暖的家中，欧文和他的父母一起搭配土豆泥和蔬菜享用家庭自制的馅饼。故选B项。
48. 答案：D
解析：根据上文内容可知，屋外刮风下雨，而屋内是温暖的，所以一家人应该是搭配土豆泥和蔬菜惬意地享用自制的馅饼。故选D项。
49. 答案：A
解析：根据on a field in the rain and wind可知，一家人惬意地享用自制的馅饼与站在风雨中的球场上完全相反。此处opposite为名词，表示"相反的人或事物"，故选A项。
50. 答案：B
解析：根据上文可知，欧文回家时会闻到馅饼的香味，所以是家的气味。故选B项。
51. 答案：D
解析：根据上文Owen's family was not a typical Dublin one及下文So after graduation from college, he left his hometown in search of a(n) 52 life. 可知，本句是解释欧文离开家乡的原因，结合选项及语境可知，此处表示欧文从未真正融入都柏林社会。故选D项。
52. 答案： A
解析：根据he left his hometown可知，他离开家乡寻找新的生活。故选A项。
53. 答案：C
解析：根据下文中的He can remember thinking: "This place is 54 —it's clean, safe, near the mountains and lakes."以及Owen doesn't eat Guinness pie very often in Munich. 可知，欧文留在了慕尼黑，故此处表示欧文在慕尼黑游玩时，突然产生了留在这里的愿望。故选C项。
54. 答案：D
解析：根据it's clean, safe, near the mountains and lakes可知，这个地方干净、安全，靠近山脉和湖泊，由此可知欧文对这里是赞赏的态度。amazing表示"极好的；惊人的；了不起的"，故选D项。
55. 答案： A
解析：根据Three generations shared the food of his childhood. 可知，三代人共享他童年的食物，由此可知，他们做成了有着家乡味道的美味的吉尼斯馅饼。故选A项。
第二节
56. 答案：by
解析：介词。此处从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为was named by..."由……命名"。
57. 答案：the
解析：冠词。此处指上文提到过的"the first International Tea Day"，故用定冠词"the"表示特指。
58. 答案：addressed
解析：谓语动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的"took place"可知，时态应一致；address"对……发表演说"与主语"chairman"构成主动关系。故填addressed。
59. 答案largest
解析：形容词的最高级。"tea-producing country"前应用形容词修饰，提示词为形容词，且空前有定冠词"the"，再结合常识可知，应用形容词的最高级。
60. 答案：responsibility
解析：名词。根据空前的不定冠词"a"可知，此处填名词"responsibility"。
61. 答案：shared
解析：形容词。根据空前的"a"和空后的名词"future"可知，此处应用形容词，share与future为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式的形容词shared"共同的"。
62. 答案：and
解析：连词。根据句意可知，此处意为"促进国际合作与文化交流"，故应用and。
63. 答案：To strengthen
解析：非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用不定式表示目的。
64. 答案：inviting
解析：非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词"included"，提示词与"the event"之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故空处用提示词"invite"的现在分词形式作状语。
65. 答案：is
解析：代词。"first exhibition"前应用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式，故填is。
第四部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Chris,
How is everything going With heartfelt delight, I'm writing to share my sincere feeling about the China-Ireland Cultural Festival with you.
Although a week has passed since you returned home, I can still recall the enjoyable time we spent together. From Chinese calligraphy to Irish paintings, we got a glimpse of various aesthetic masterpieces. And the festival also unfolded the two countries' profound history. From this experience, I truly understand that geographical separation does not necessarily bring about cultural conflicts and that we can assimilate the other's merits contrarily.
At last, I hope our friendship will last forever. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Inspired by his own life story, David decided to do something for that boy. He went to the woman, who immediately recognized him because she had read his books and seen his pictures. David started to chat with her. He told her that what she said to her boy was not appropriate. Then he told her about the encouragement he once got from Mrs. Brown. In the end, he said, "I couldn't have become a writer if I had believed I was good at nothing."
The mother was ashamed when she heard that. She realized that she shouldn't have called her son stupid, which would make him lose confidence in himself. So she said, "Thank you for your advice. I'll never say such things to him again. Instead, I'll find out what he's good at and encourage him." The woman then left with the boy. Looking at the back of the boy, David felt relieved, hoping his action could make a difference to the boy.
