高一下学期英语北师大版（2019）期末达标测试卷B卷
考试时间：120分钟
满分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will David probably do next
A. Call his dad. B. Check his room. C. Write a report.
2. What is the final holiday plan of the woman's family
A. Going surfing. B. Going cycling. C. Going hiking.
3. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A city. B. A postcard. C. A business trip.
4. What is the woman doing
A. Trying on a blouse.
B. Having an interview.
C. Choosing a handbag.
5. What's wrong with the man
A. He has a cold. B. He hurts his head. C. He coughs badly.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where are the speakers probably
A. In a hotel. B. At an airport. C. In a car.
7. How does the man like tomorrow's plan
A. Disappointing. B. Boring. C. Exciting.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What did the woman help do in Ghana
A. Teach children at a school.
B. Build houses for the locals.
C. Care for wild animals.
9. What is the contact number of the volunteer programme
A. 212-831-7172. B. 212-831-7272. C. 212-831-7372.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When was the interview supposed to start
A. At 7: 40 a.m. B. At 8: 00 a.m. C. At 8: 20 a.m.
11. Why was Bruce stopped by the boss
A. He failed to answer the question well.
B. The boss had to attend a meeting.
C. Someone called the boss.
12. What did the boss ask Bruce to do
A. Set out earlier next time.
B. Come again three days later.
C. Leave his personal information.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where does Sally want to go
A. The zoo. B. The London Eye. C. The Covent Garden.
14. What is Billy interested in
A. Boats. B. Operas. C. Paintings.
15. What does the man advise the woman to do in Oxford Street
A. Do some shopping.
B. Enjoy an opera.
C. Visit her parents.
16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Mother and son.
B. Husband and wife.
C. Guide and visitor.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is Ham interested in
A. Collecting glass bottles.
B. Building special houses.
C. Making things out of bottles.
18. Why did Ham decide to build the special house
A. Because of his kids' encouragement.
B. Because of his second son's death.
C. Because of his eldest son's birth.
19. What is more interesting about the special house
A. It costs much less
B. It is very strong.
C. It's the only one in the world.
20. What did Ham do about the house
A. He donated it to an art gallery.
B. He used it as a wedding present.
C. He decorated it and lived in it.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
You know the feeling. You finish a full meal and are like "I'm never eating again." But then, out comes a beautiful piece of cake. And, you said you were full, but not for dessert! It turns out you really can "make room" for dessert.
And there's a scientific reason why. The thing that gives you room for dessert is called "sensory-specific satiety". That's what Dr Rolls, a nutritional scientist, has been studying since the 1980s. Here is how her experiment went. She gave six people a giant plate of spaghetti and told them to eat until they were full. And then, for the second course, she gave them more. Then, she gave them ice cream. On average, after they said they were full on spaghetti, each person could eat just one more ounce of it in their second serving. But when she gave them ice cream, somehow they could eat three times as much. They "made room" for dessert.
The experiment shows that when you feel full, it's not necessarily that your stomach is physically full. It's more about how interested you are in eating more. Sensory-specific satiety is the change in how much you like a food, how much you want to eat, as you're eating it. "I've just had enough of the food; I want something else" is really what sensory-specific satiety is.
And that natural ability has a purpose: it's meant to keep us healthy. It's going to help to guarantee that we're going to eat the variety of nutrients that we need. However, it can backfire of course, because if we are presented with a variety of foods, it makes us extra likely to overeat.
21. What's the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To lead to the main topic. B. To make a comparison.
C. To amuse the readers. D. To summarize the main idea.
22. According to Dr Rolls, why did the people "make room" for ice cream
A. They had a wrong feeling. B. There was a change in the food variety.
C. They lied about feeling full. D. The ice cream was more delicious.
23. What does the underlined word "backfire" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Consume much energy. B. Discourage people from eating.
C. Have the opposite result. D. Produce a helpful effect.
B
In what is believed to be a world first, University of South Australia researchers have designed a self-sufficient solar-driven system that evaporates (使蒸发) seawater and recycles it into fresh water, growing crops without any human involvement. It could help address global food shortages in the decades ahead, with the world's population expected to reach 10 billion by 2050.
Professor Haolan Xu and Dr Gary Owens from UniSA's Future Industries Institute have developed a vertical floating sea farm which consists of two chambers (室): an upper layer similar to a glasshouse and a lower water harvesting chamber.
"In this case, clean water is supplied by a collection of solar evaporators that absorb the seawater, trap the salts in the evaporator body and, under the sun's rays, release clean water vapour into the air which is then concentrated on water belts and transferred to the upper plant growth chamber," Dr Owens says.
The system, which is powered only by solar light, has several advantages over other solar sea farmed signs currently being trialed, according to Professor Xu. "Other designs have built evaporators inside the growth chamber which takes up valuable space that could otherwise be used for plant growth. Also, these systems are very likely to suffer from overheating and crop death," Professor Xu says.
"In our design, the vertical distribution of evaporators and growth chambers decreases the device's overall footprint, maximizing the area for food production. It is fully automated, low cost, and extremely easy to operate, using only solar energy and seawater to produce clean water and grow crops."
Dr Owens says their design is only proof of concept at this stage, but the next step is to scale it up using a small collection of individual devices to increase plant production. Meeting larger food supply needs will mean increasing both the size and number of devices.
24. What can the vertical floating sea farm system do
A. Address the problem of sea pollution.
B. Help deal with the problem of food shortages.
C. Raise awareness about global food safety.
D. Assist fishermen with intelligent fishing techniques.
25. What does Paragraph 3 focus on
A. The make-up of the system. B. The distinct advantages of the system.
C. The working principle of the system. D. The application prospects of the system.
pared to other solar sea farm designs, the vertical sea farm _____.
A. is more difficult to maintain B. makes the most of the space
C. relies on seawater for operation D. is likely to be affected by crop loss
27. What does the underlined phrase "scale it up" mean
A. Expand. B. Reduce. C. Revise. D. Promote.
C
A major new facility to pull CO2 out of the atmosphere has started operating in Iceland, which is a boost to an emerging technology that experts say could eventually play an important role in reducing greenhouse gases.
The plant in southwest Iceland is the biggest of its kind, its builder says. It is able to capture 900 tons of CO2 every year, but it needs heat and electricity to work. It is using energy produced from waste and is built on the roof of a waste incineration plant, and through the burning of rubbish, energy is generated.
Human-sized fans are built into a series of boxes. They take CO2 out of the air, catching it in sponge like filters (过滤器). The filters are blasted with heat, freeing the gas, which is then mixed with water and pumped deep into underground basalt large caves, where over time it turns into dark grey stone. Pumping CO2 into the ground is just one way to deal with it. The CO2 captured can be pumped through an underground pipeline directly into a greenhouse. Vegetables and other plants love CO2 and higher concentrations of the gas within the greenhouse improve the growth of plants.
By 2050, humanity will need to pull nearly a billion metric tons of CO2 from the atmosphere every year through direct air capture technology to achieve carbon neutral goals, according to International Energy Agency recommendations. The plant in Iceland will be able to capture 4,000 metric tons annually—just a small amount of what will be necessary, but an engineer in Clime-works, the company that built it, says it can grow rapidly as efficiency improves and costs decrease.
"This is a market that does not yet exist, but a market that urgently needs to be built," said Christoph Gebald who co-founded Clime-works. "This plant that we have here is really the blueprint to further increase the size and really industrialize."
28. What do we know about the carbon capture facility from Paragraph 2
A. It is built at high altitudes.
B. It uses waste to produce power.
C. It makes Iceland free of air pollution.
D. It produces lots of heat during operation.
29. What can we expect from the future carbon capture technology
A. It will decrease the cost of energy production.
B. It can help reach the carbon neutral goals in advance.
C. It will speed up the reduction of CO2 levels in the air.
D. It may replace the traditional carbon storage system.
30. What can be inferred from the passage
A. The capture of CO2 in the atmosphere is able to kill two birds with one stone.
B. CO2 will be delivered to greenhouses after being turned into dark grey stones.
C. A major new market to pull CO2 out of the atmosphere has started operating.
D. The plants in Iceland greenhouses can capture a small amount of CO2.
31. What is Christoph Gebald's attitude towards building the plant
A. Unclear. B. Neutral. C. Disapproving. D. Supportive.
D
In today's motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—"Try again. Fail again. Fail better." It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to "fail forwards". We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere (坚持) and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the "sour-grape effect", which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sj stad.
Sj stad explains that the "sour-grape effect" is a self-protective mechanism (机制). "Most of us picture ourselves as able people, so when outside feedback from others suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image," he says. "The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the outside signal, so we can keep a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing."
If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don't really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if you lose a singing contest. "We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our 'Plan C' is actually our 'Plan A'," Sj stad says.
It doesn't mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change if the process is no longer making us happy. But the "sour-grape effect" may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.
Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.
32. Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in Paragraph 1
A. To offer an approach to handling failure.
B. To introduce a common attitude towards failure.
C. To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure.
D. To discuss the relationship between success and failure.
33. What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the "sour-grape effect"
A. It does harm to our self-image. B. It pictures us as perfect people.
C. It protects us from false feedback. D. It makes us refuse negative feedback.
34. What does the underlined word "prematurely" in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Hurriedly. B. Mistakenly. C. Unhappily. D. Carelessly.
35. Which statement would the author most probably agree with
A. Get ready to replace "Plan A" with "Plan C".
B. Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self.
C. Don't quit when goals no longer make you happy.
D. Don't escape when our self-image gets challenged.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In a fast-paced world, tasks seem to multiply before your very eyes. 36 Take it easy. Let us introduce you to the bullet journal, a multifunctional tool that perfectly combines organization and creativity to help you get on top of your to-do lists while developing your artistic side.
37 Compared with your average journal or diary, it combines all of the elements of planning, to-do lists, goal tracking and more in one simple notebook. The concept behind bullet journals is to organize your life as briefly as possible, allowing you to commit, as well as letting your creative side flow.
To set up a bullet journal, you start with a blank notebook, typically one with dot grid (网格) pages. You create different sections based on your needs. 38 You have the freedom to design layouts, use colors, and include artistic elements like drawings or calligraphy to make it more fun to use. Some fun ideas can be added as pages. 39 Make a book log of your favourite books from the year, like a written library. Write down your favourite quotes (语录) on one page to come back to when you need a boost.
There are many benefits to opting for a bullet journal style planner of a typical diary. Purposeful planning and task spaces pave the way for a smoother day and put different appointments, tasks, and ideas under one roof. Your bullet journal is also a blank canvas. Add hand-lettering, drawings, and colour-coded sections to melt stress and fuel improvement. 40 They can be personalized to suit your needs!
A. Bullet journals develop with you.
B. Here are the best bullet journals to buy.
C. The beauty of a bullet journal lies in its flexibility.
D. A bullet journal is essentially a much more creative planner.
E. High-quality dotted paper makes it easy to use for quotation.
F. Completing endless tasks can feel like a never-ending challenge.
G. Create an amazing album of your favourite photos taken that month.
第三部分 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
We've all had a wrong number text before, but how often do they lead to years-long friendships For Jamal and Wanda, a 41 text has resulted in seven years of shared Thanksgiving dinners!
In 2016, the 17-year-old Jamal received a text, 42 from his grandma, asking if he would 43 it to Thanksgiving that year. After exchanging a few 44 , it soon became clear that the text's sender, Wanda, was not 45 his grandma. She invited Jamal to the 46 though, and after Jamal 47 the exchange on the Internet, the pair went viral.
Spending Thanksgiving together has become an 48 thing for Jamal and Wanda, with the year of 2023 49 the tradition's eighth anniversary. Their friendship has gone from strength to strength, even through 50 like the passing of Wanda's husband, Lonnie.
Wanda said, "Jamal 51 me that age made absolutely no difference. When Jamal came along, my husband and I and Jamal and his girlfriend, we would go out to dinner throughout the year together and we would just lose all track of 52 . Onetime, we were at a restaurant for three or four hours and I couldn't 53 we were there that long. We kept talking! It was just such a 54 conversation."
Thanks to the wrong number text, the two have developed a deep friendship. The pair have even gone into 55 together, launching a water company.
41. A. suitable B. mistaken C. strange D. tricky
42. A. supposedly B. admittedly C. hurriedly D. decidedly
43. A. take B. have C. make D. get
44. A. objects B. options C. journals D. texts
45. A. in fact B. after all C. at once D. on time
46. A. wedding B. dinner C. dance D. concert
47. A. broke B. found C. left D. shared
48. A. annual B. easy C. occasional D. obvious
49. A. placing B. viewing C. marking D. receiving
50. A. events B. festivals C. celebrations D. elements
51. A. offered B. taught C. advised D. promised
52. A. goals B. food C. projects D. time
53. A. believe B. claim C. prove D. mention
54. A. stable B. brave C. wonderful D. modest
55. A. amusement B. business C. education D. politics
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one 'of a small but growing minority of academics 56 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane- 57 (view)as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 58 (be) now questioning that idea-—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 59 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 60 (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists— 61 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 63 time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the 64 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%6, and she plans 65 (continue)the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding," she says—"a really positive change."
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1. 海洋的重要性；
2. 保护海洋的倡议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My father asked me to chat with him for a while. Actually, I was unwilling to listen to his talking endlessly as he always did. My father was a lawyer, but I never wanted to go to law school or follow his path through life.
As was expected, he cleared his throat and started to say, "Er...What...What do you really want to do in the gorgeous future "
I was silent for a moment playing with the cell phone. I kept thinking, "Should I tell him my true thoughts What if he gets angry What if I let him down " Later I replied, "Well, I want to be a writer."
I guessed this may be not the answer he would expect. But surprisingly, "Interesting idea!" he answered. I was shocked, speaking in a low voice with hesitation.
"Are you serious, Dad "
"Well, you need confidence and good reparations, and you still have plenty of time. You need to find out what you really enjoy now. Look, it's late. Let's take the boat out tomorrow morning, just you and me. Maybe we can catch some crabs (螃蟹) for dinner, and we can talk more."
Early next morning we packed up the equipment and set off along the coast. We didn't talk much, but enjoyed the sound of the seabirds and the sight of the coastline.
There were no big waves and blinding sunlight at that time. "Let's see if we get lucky," he said, picked up a web basket with a rope tied and threw it into the sea. We waited a while, and then my father stood up and said, "Give me a hand with this," and we pulled up the crab cage onto the deck.
To our joy, the cage was filled with dozens of soft shell crabs. Squatting (蹲) down, we watched them for a moment. At first they fought against each other to climb out hard, trying to escape. Many were pulled back into the cage. Later, some gave up, but there were still some crabs trying to escape again and again.
Paragraph 1:
At that moment, my father pointed to the cage, "Look at that crab, there!" ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
From that day on, I was determined to make my dream come true. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 听力
第一节
1. 答案：A
解析：M: Hi, Mum. Could you check if I have left my report in my room
W: Sorry, David, I'm out now. Your dad drove you to school this morning. You can call him.
M: OK.
2. 答案：B
解析：M: Do you have any plans for the holiday
W: The children want to go cycling but their father wants to go surfing. And I'd like to go hiking. We've decided to follow the children's choice.
3. 答案：B
解析：W: It never occurred to me that you would bother to send me a postcard from Moscow during your business trip. Thank you.
M: I posted it on my second day in Moscow. And I hope you'll like it.
4. 答案：A
解析：W: How do I look in the blouse
M: Not bad. Does it feel all right
W: Er, a bit tight around here.
M: I really like the colour. It matches your handbag.
5. 答案：C
解析：W: Good morning. Is there anything I can do for you
M: I have a bad cough and I want to see a doctor now.
第二节
6. 答案：B
7. 答案：C
解析：W: Good afternoon, sir! Welcome to Beijing. I'm your guide from Sunshine Tour Agency. Did you enjoy your flight
M: Not too bad. I just feel a bit tired. Shall we go to the hotel right now
W: Yeah. It's just about two kilometers from here.
M: That's good. By the way, what's the plan for my trip
W: We are going to visit the Great Wall first tomorrow morning.
M: Great. I've been looking forward to seeing the great wonder.
8. 答案：C
9. 答案：B
解析：M: Have you ever participated in any volunteer programmes
W: Yes. It's a programme in Ghana. I spent most of my time taking care of wild animals. It's a good chance to experience the country's natural surroundings.
M: What else can participants do
W: They can also volunteer in primary schools, help build houses for the locals and grow farm produce.
M: Do you know their contact number
W: Yes, 212-831-7272.
M: Thank you. I'll try.
10. 答案：B
11. 答案：B
12. 答案：C
解析：W: Bruce, you don't look very happy. What happened
M: I went to an interview today, but it didn't go very well.
W: How come
M: I was caught in a traffic jam this morning and I was 20 minutes late for the interview. When I got to the place, it was already 8: 20.
W: Why didn't you set out earlier You know the rush hour in our city is 7: 30. Did the boss give you an interview
M: Yes, but when I answered the second question, he stopped me.
W: Why
M: He said he had to attend a meeting right away. Luckily, he told me I could leave my personal information, and if he decided to hire me, he would call me three days later.
W: So you still have a chance, don't you
M: Maybe.
W: Don't worry. You've always been very lucky.
13. 答案：B
14. 答案：A
15. 答案：A
16. 答案：B
解析：W: Gerry, come and look at the information pack for our trip to London.
M: There are so many things to do, Penny. I don't know where to start.
W: Well, why don't we start with the kids I don't think Sally would like the zoo. She always feels sorry for the animals, but she's been asking about the London Eye for weeks, so we have to go there.
M: You're right. What about Billy He loves boats, so it's either the Thames or the zoo.
W: Definitely the Thames for Billy. What about an opera at Covent Garden for your parents
M: That would be great. So you don't want to go shopping in Oxford Street then
W: Which page is that on Wow! This looks fantastic. There are so many great shops in Oxford Street. Will you come with me
M: I'll come if you really want me to, dear.
17. 答案：C
18. 答案：B
19. 答案：A
20. 答案：B
解析：
A Russian man named Ham has always been interested in constructing things out of glass bottles. Not long ago, he built a unique house which was built almost entirely of wine bottles.
His children had always admired his work. They encouraged him to build a house someday.
But he always thought it was impossible. When Ham lost his second son, who passed away at the age of 18, he finally decided to build the house in the boy's memory. So he started the search for suitable materials. To construct the 99-square-metre house, Ham spent about three years collecting over 12,000 empty bottles. Ham believes that the house is quite strong and expected to stand for at least 100 years! In fact, he has built it in such a way that if some of the bottles break, they can easily be replaced. More interestingly, the house cost five times less than it would cost to build a house with regular materials. But Ham says he wasn't thinking about the money. He just wanted to build the house in the way his son wanted. Ham gave away his piece of work to his eldest son as a wedding present. His daughter-in-law is quite proud of the house, and says she can't wait to decorate it.
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
21. 答案： A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句And there's a scientific reason why.可知，第一段是通过一个事例来引出下文的研究，也就是本文的主题—感官特异性饱腹感。故选A项。
22. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"I've just had enough of the food; I want something else" is really what sensory-specific satiety is. 以及最后一段中 It's going to help to guarantee that we're going to eat the variety of nutrients that we need. However, it can backfire of course, because if we are presented with a variety of foods, it makes us extra likely to overeat.可知，人们之所以在吃饱一样食物之后还能吃下别的东西，最关键的原因在于食物的种类发生了变化。故选B项。
23. 答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的And that natural ability has a purpose: it's meant to keep us healthy.可知，感官特异性饱腹感这种自然能力是为了让我们保持健康，However后的内容表示语义转折，根据if we are presented with a variety of foods, it makes us extra likely to overeat可知，如果我们面对各种各样的食物，就更容易暴饮暴食，所以画线单词意思是适得其反。故选C项。
B
24. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的It could help address global food shortages in the decades ahead, with the world's population expected to reach 10 billion by 2050. 可知，垂直浮动海洋农场系统可以在未来几十年内帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。故选B项。
25. 答案：C
解析：推理判断题。第三段主要介绍该系统的工作原理，即"收集海水——留存盐分——利用太阳光形成水蒸气——将水蒸气输送到上层植物生长室中"。由此可知，本段主要讲的是系统的工作原理。故选C项。
26. 答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Other designs have built evaporators inside the growth chamber which takes up valuable space that could otherwise be used for plant growth. 可知，其他的设计是在生长室内建造蒸发器，这占用了原本可以用于植物生长的宝贵空间。由此可知，与其他太阳能海洋农场的设计相比，垂直海洋农场更好地利用了空间。故选B项。
27. 答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的their design is only proof-of-concept at this stage可知，他们的设计现阶段只是概念证明，再根据画线处后的using a small collection of individual devices to increase plant production和Meeting larger food supply needs will mean increasing both the size and number of devices可知，下一步要提高植物产量。满足更大的食品供应需求意味着要扩大设备的规模和数量。所以画线词的意思是"扩大；扩展"。故选A项。
C
28. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 It is using energy produced from waste and is built on the roof of a waste incineration plant, and through the burning of rubbish, energy is generated. 可知，该设备建在垃圾焚烧厂的屋顶上，利用焚烧垃圾产生能量。故选B项。
29. 答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的By 2050, humanity will need to pull nearly a billion metric tons of CO2 from the atmosphere every year through direct air capture technology to achieve carbon neutral goals.可知，未来的碳捕集技术将加速降低空气中的二氧化碳水平。故选C项。
30. 答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的The CO2 captured can be pumped through an underground pipeline directly into a greenhouse. Vegetables and other plants love CO2 and higher concentrations of the gas within the greenhouse improve the growth of plants. 可知，捕集二氧化碳不仅能够保护环境、减少污染，还有助于蔬菜和其他植物的生长，可谓一举两得。故选A项。
31. 答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的This plant that we have here is really the blueprint to further increase the size and really industrialize. 可知，克里斯托夫 格巴尔德对此持支持态度。故选D项
D
32. 答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的In today's motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. 可知，作者先是提到了在励志文学作品中，失败常常被视为值得庆祝的事情，随后提到有感召力的演讲者引用作家塞缪尔·贝克特的话歌颂失败。由此可推测出，作者想要介绍当前社会人们对待失败的普遍态度。故选B项。
33. 答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，我们大多数人总是将自己设想为能力强大的人，而当外部反馈显示我们并不是这样的人时，我们就会否认或去辩解，从而保护自己，因此"酸葡萄效应"是一种自我保护机制，当外部反馈与自我形象不一致时，"酸葡萄效应"会让我们否认外界对我们的负面反馈。故选D项。
34. 答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve可知，当实现目标的过程让我们不开心时，我们往往不是坚持一会儿，看看我们是否可以学习和提升，这里应与rather than后的内容相反，表示的是我们会过早作出不再坚持这种决定。prematurely意为"提前地；过早地；仓促地"，与A项"匆忙地"意思最接近。故选A项。
35. 答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的By learning to faced is appointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, however, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 可知，作者在最后建议要学会面对失败带来的失望，而不是贬低失望的重要性并假装一切都没发生过，这样会更加有助于实现目标。由此可推测出，作者认为当我们的自我形象受到质疑时，不要一味地逃避。故选D项。
第二节
36. 答案：F
解析：根据空前的In a fast-paced world, tasks seem to multiply before your very eyes. 以及空后的Take it easy.可知，设空处承接上句，进一步说明完成无尽的任务十分具有挑战性，F项(完成没完没了的任务就像是永无止境的挑战)符合语境。
37. 答案：D
解析：设空处位于句首，根据下文的Compared with your average journal or diary, it combines all of the elements of planning, to-do lists, goal tracking and more in one simple notebook. 可知，设空处应总体介绍子弹日记的特点。因为它将所有的计划、待办事项列表、目标跟踪和更多的元素整合在一个简单的笔记本上，因此，D项(子弹日记本质上是一种更有创意的记事簿)符合语境，且D项中的creative与本段最后一句中的creative相呼应。
38. 答案：C
解析：根据下文的You have the freedom to design layouts, use colors, and include artistic elements like drawings or calligraphy to make it more fun to use. 可知，你可以自由设计布局、使用颜色，说明子弹日记具有灵活性，C项(子弹日记的好处在于它的灵活性)符合语境。
39. 答案：G
解析：根据上文的Some fun ideas can be added as pages. 及下文的Write down your favourite quotes on one page to come back to when you need a boost. 可知，一些有趣的想法可以作为页面添加，设空处应承接上句，具体说明一些有趣的想法，和后句形成对应关系。故G项(创建一个超棒的相册，收藏当月你最喜欢的照片)符合语境。
40. 答案：A
解析：根据空前两句可知，你的子弹日记是一张空白的画布，你可以往上面添加东西以消除压力、促进进步，再根据下文的They can be personalized to suit your needs!可知，子弹日记也可以个性化，以满足你的需求，A项(子弹日记和你一起发展)符合语境，空后的They指代A项中的Bullet journals。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节
41. 答案：B
解析：根据上文中的We've all had a wrong number text before, but how often do they lead to years-long friendships 及第二段的描述可知，此处指错误的短信，wrong与mistaken意义相近，是词汇复现。suitable意为"适合的"；mistaken意为"错误的；被误解的"；strange 意为"奇怪的"；tricky意为"难对付的"。故选B项。
42. 答案：A
解析：根据下文的After exchanging a few 44 , it soon became clear that the text's sender, Wanda, was not 45 his grandma. 可知，在互发几条信息后，贾迈勒发现发送者不是他的奶奶，由此可知，此处指贾迈勒当时收到的短信可能是他奶奶发来的。supposedly意为"根据推测；可能"；admittedly意为"诚然"；hurriedly意为"匆忙地"；decidedly意为"果断地；确实"。故选A项。
43. 答案：C
解析：根据下文中的 She invited Jamal to the 46 though可知，她邀请贾迈勒共进晚餐，由此可知，此处指万达询问贾迈勒是否能来过感恩节。make it意为"能够出席"，符合语境。故选C项。
44. 答案：D
解析：根据下文中的it soon became clear that the text's sender可知，此处指互发几条短信后贾迈勒发现短信的发送者万达实际上并不是他的奶奶。object意为"物体；物品"；option意为"可选择的事物；选择"；journal 意为"杂志"；text意为"(手机)短信息"。故选D项。
45. 答案：A
解析：根据上文中的it soon became clear that the text's sender可知，实际上发短信的不是他的奶奶。in fact意为"实际上"；after all意为"毕竟"；at once意为"立即；马上"；on time意为"准时"。故选A项。
46. 答案：B
解析：根据上文中的shared Thanksgiving dinners可知，此处指万达邀请贾迈勒一起吃感恩节晚餐。故选B项。
47. 答案：D
解析：根据下文的on the Internet, the pair went viral可知，此处指贾迈勒把这段对话分享在网上。share意为"分享"，符合语境。故选D项。
48. 答案： A
解析：根据下文的the year of 2023 49 the traditions eighth anniversary可知，一起过感恩节已经成为贾迈勒和万达每年要做的事情。annual意为"每年的"；easy意为"容易的"；occasional意为"偶然的"；obvious意为"显而易见的"。故选A项。
49. 答案：C
解析：根据上文的Spending Thanksgiving together has become an 48 thing for Jamal and Wanda及设空处后的the tradition's eighth anniversary可知，在一起过感恩节是他们两个人每年要做的事情，由此可知，2023年是他们维持这一传统的八周年纪念。place意为"放置"；view意为"把……视为"；mark 意为"纪念；庆贺"；receive意为"收到"。故选C项。
50. 答案： A
解析：根据设空处后的like the passing of Wanda's husband, Lonnie可知，万达的丈夫去世应是重大事件。event意为"重要事情；大事"；festival意为"节日"；celebration意为"庆祝；庆祝活动"；element 意为"要素；基本部分"。故选A项。
51. 答案：B
解析：根据下文的When Jamal came along, my husband and I and Jamal and his girlfriend, we would go out to dinner throughout the year together... 可知，贾迈勒与他的女朋友和万达与她的丈夫经常一起出去聚餐，由此可知，此处指贾迈勒教会万达年龄没什么影响。offer意为"主动提供"；teach意为"教"；advise意为"建议"；promise意为"承诺"。故选B项。
52. 答案：D
解析：根据下文的One time, we were at a restaurant for three or four hours and I couldn't
53 we were there that long. 可知，有一次他们一起出去吃饭，在一家餐馆待了三四个小时，由此可知，此处指他们完全忘记了时间。故选D项。
53. 答案：A
解析：根据上文的One time, we were at a restaurant for three or four hours可知，他们在一家餐馆待了三四个小时，这是让万达不敢相信的事情。believe意为"相信"；claim意为"宣称；声称"；prove意为"证明"；mention意为"提到；说到"。故选A项。
54. 答案：C
解析：根据上文的One time, we were at a restaurant for three or four hours and I couldn't
53 we were there that long. We kept talking!可知，他们在一家餐馆待了三四个小时，一直在聊天，由此可知，他们的谈话应该是精彩的。stable意为"稳定的"；brave意为"勇敢的"；wonderful意为"精彩的"；modest意为"谦虚的"。故选C项。
55. 答案：B
解析：根据下文的launching a water company可知，他们还一起成立了水务公司，由此可知，此处指他们一起做生意。故选B项。
第二节
56. 答案：who/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填who/that。
57. 答案：is viewed/has been viewed
解析：考查时态和被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed/has been viewed.
58. 答案：are
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。
59. 答案：changing
解析：考查现在分词。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，作后置定语，故填changing。
60. 答案：roughly
解析：考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫"无飞行科学家"的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly"粗略地大约"，故填roughly。
61. 答案：have promised
解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫"无飞行科学家"的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语"since+过去时间"可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。
62. 答案：whether/if
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if"是否"符合语境，故填whether/if.
63. 答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。
64. 答案：invitation
解析：考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。
65. 答案：to continue
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth."计划做"，故填to continue。
第四部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. It aims to raise people's awareness of protecting oceans.
It goes without saying that oceans play a critical role in the world. Not only do they provide abundant resources and food for us, but they are also crucial for the global climate development. Additionally, oceans are "the lungs of our planet", providing most of the oxygen we breathe.
As high school students, it's our responsibility to protect them. First of all, do what we can to make a difference. For example, stop throwing garbage into oceans. In addition, call on people around us to take action, too. I believe we will have cleaner oceans.
第二节
答案：
At that moment, my father pointed to the cage, "Look at that crab, there!" Staring at the crab, I found that every time he wanted to escape, he was pulled back into the cage. However, he didn't give up his fight. Fortunately, he survived the struggle eventually. Shocked and amazed, I suddenly understood why my father had suggested catching crabs that morning. I thought the future would be filled with many possibilities. Everyone would need to find out what he enjoyed and hold on to it.
From that day on, I was determined to make my dream come true. Besides my devotion to schoolwork, I spent all my spare time making full preparations for becoming a writer. Reading, collecting materials and writing made my life busy but fulfilled, which laid a good foundation for me. Meanwhile, I contributed to literary journals. Gradually, some achievements as a writer increased my confidence. I always think of the crab whenever faced with difficulties. What my father said also encouraged me on my way to success. Now I am grateful for sticking to the thing I truly dreamed of.
