外研版英语八年级上册 Unit 5 Play by the rules 知识清单（含写作指导）

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外研版英语八年级上册 Unit 5 Play by the rules 知识清单
一、重点词组搭配
（一）规则与行为
in order to do sth 为了做某事
so as to do sth 以便做某事
ask sb to do sth 请求某人做某事
look after 照顾，照料
follow a rule 遵守规则
take a breath 吸一口气
face to face 面对面地
get in touch 取得联系
avoid doing sth 避免做某事
behave badly 行为不当
（二）场景与动作
play loud music 播放大声的音乐
take out 拿出
kick one's seat 踢座位
turn around 转身
block the noise 阻挡噪音
reduce the smell 减少气味
post personal information 发布个人信息
break the rules 违反规则
follow the rules 遵守规则
（三）情感与态度
come on 算了吧
such a shock 如此震惊
grow angry 变得生气
feel brave 感到勇敢
have costs 有代价
be aware of 意识到
be careful with 小心对待
turn to...for help 向…… 求助
（四）时间与范围
think...back 回想……
in the old days 在过去
in the future 在未来
for example 例如
instead of 代替
all the time 一直
from beginning to end 从头到尾
二、重点句型用法
（一）规则描述
And rules are there for us to follow!（规则的存在是为了我们去遵守！）
Everyone knows the rules, They aren't just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts.（每个人都知道这些规则，它们不仅在墙上，也在我们的头脑和心中。）
Nothing can be done without norms or standards.（不以规矩，不能成方圆。）
Good order is the foundation of all things.（良好的秩序是一切的基础。）
（二）经历与问题
Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. What a shock!
（突然，我对面的一个女孩开始用手机大声播放音乐。太令人震惊了！）
I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl.
（我捂住耳朵，以阻挡来自 “摇滚女孩” 的噪音。）
I asked him to stop. However, his mother replied, 'Come on, he's just a kid.'
（我要求他停下来。然而，他的母亲回答说：“算了吧，他只是个孩子。”）
When my dishes finally arrived 90 minutes later, they were stone cold!
（当我的菜终于在 90 分钟后送达时，已经凉透了！）
（三）观点与建议
In my opinion, rules are important for a well-ordered society.
（在我看来，规则对一个秩序井然的社会很重要。）
We should follow the rules in our hearts.
（我们应该遵守我们心中的规则。）
There are lots of things to do to follow the rules.
（有很多事情要做来遵守规则。）
What effect has breaking rules had on our life
（违反规则对我们的生活有什么影响？）
（四）未来展望
What will rules be like in the future （未来的规则会是什么样的？）
I think rules will change over time.（我认为规则会随着时间的推移而改变。）
Schools in the future will have new rules.（未来的学校将有新的规则。）
Rules will help us live a better life.（规则将帮助我们过上更好的生活。）
三、语法点详细梳理
（一）动词不定式作目的状语（Infinitive of purpose）
1.构成：to + 动词原形 /in order to + 动词原形 /so as to + 动词原形
2.用法：表示做某事的目的
I went to a quiet area in order to read.（我去了一个安静的地方以便阅读。）
I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell.（我捂住鼻子以减少气味。）
He got up early to catch the first bus.（他早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。）
（二）ask sb to do sth 结构
1.构成：ask + 宾语 + to + 动词原形
2.用法：请求、要求某人做某事
I asked him to stop.（我要求他停下来。）
The teacher asked the students to be quiet.（老师要求学生保持安静。）
She asked me to help her with her homework.（她请求我帮助她做作业。）
（三）avoid doing sth 结构
1.构成：avoid + 动词 - ing 形式
2.用法：避免做某事
Avoid posting personal information online.（避免在网上发布个人信息。）
Please avoid making the same mistake again.（请避免再犯同样的错误。）
He avoided answering the question.（他回避回答这个问题。）
四、本单元话题书面表达写作指导学案
（一）写作结构
1.引言（Introduction）：引出故事的背景和主题，如一次在公共场所遇到的违反规则的事件。
2.主体（Main body）
描述事件的发生过程，包括时间、地点、人物和具体行为。
讲述自己的感受和反应，以及事件的结果。
结论（Conclusion）：总结从事件中获得的启示，强调遵守规则的重要性。
（二）写作要点
1.细节描写
运用动作描写，如 “he started playing loud music”“I covered my ears”，展现事件的发展。
运用心理描写，如 “I felt angry”“I was shocked”，表达自己的情感。
运用环境描写，如 “the train was crowded”“the room was quiet”，烘托氛围。
2.逻辑衔接
使用表示时间顺序的连接词，如 first, then, next, finally 等。
使用表示因果关系的连接词，如 because, so, as a result 等。
使用表示转折关系的连接词，如 but, however, although 等。
3.语言准确
正确使用本单元所学的重点词组和句型，如 in order to, ask sb to do sth, avoid doing sth 等。
正确使用动词不定式作目的状语等语法点。
（三）写作示例（An experience of following rules）
Outline（提纲）
Title （题目） An experience of following rules （遵守规则的经验）
Introduction （引言） Last week, I saw a boy breaking the rules on the bus. （上周，我看到一个男孩在公共汽车上违反规则。）
Main body （主题） The boy was eating smelly food and talking loudly on the bus.2. I asked him to stop, but he didn't listen. Then the driver stopped the bus and asked him to get off.3. The boy felt sorry and said he would follow the rules next time. （1. 那个男孩在公共汽车上吃着有臭味的食物并大声说话。2. 我让他停下来，但他不听。然后司机停下车，让他下车。3. 男孩感到很抱歉，并说他下次会遵守规则。）
Conclusion （结论） Following rules is important for everyone. We should respect the rules in public places. （遵守规则对每个人都很重要。我们应该遵守公共场所的规则。）
参考范文
An experience of following rules
Last week, I had an unforgettable experience on the bus. It was a busy morning, and the bus was crowded with people. I was sitting near the window, enjoying the view outside.
Suddenly, a boy got on the bus with a packet of smelly food in his hand. He sat down next to me and started eating loudly. What's more, he was talking on his phone with a loud voice, which made everyone around him feel uncomfortable.
I thought about the rules on the bus, which say "No eating" and "Keep quiet". So I decided to ask the boy to stop. I said to him politely, "Excuse me, could you please stop eating and talking loudly It's disturbing others." But the boy didn't listen to me. He even said, "It's none of your business."
Just then, the bus driver noticed the situation. He stopped the bus and came to the boy. He said, "Young man, you should follow the rules on the bus. Eating and talking loudly are not allowed here. Please get off the bus if you can't follow the rules." The boy was surprised and felt sorry. He said sorry to everyone and got off the bus.
From this experience, I learned that following rules is very important in public places. Rules are made to keep order and make everyone feel comfortable. We should respect the rules and help others follow them too. Only in this way can we have a happy and harmonious life in public.