外研版英语八年级上册 Unit 6 When disaster strikes 知识清单（含写作指导）

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外研版英语八年级上册 Unit 6 When disaster strikes 知识清单
一、重点词组搭配
（一）灾害与现象
natural disaster 自然灾害
volcanic eruption 火山爆发
earthquake /'3:0kwerk/n. 地震
tsunami /tsu:'na:mi/n. 海啸
hurricane /'h^r k n/n. 飓风
rainstorm /'re nst :m/n. 暴风雨
ash / /n. 灰烬
smoke /sm k/n. 烟
flood /fl d/n. 洪水
（二）应对与动作
disaster warning 灾害预警
save lives 拯救生命
get away from 逃离
leave...behind 把…… 留下
come out from the shadows 走出阴影
face...with courage 勇敢面对
in order to 为了
so as to 以便
（三）情感与状态
be scared 害怕的
be shocked 震惊的
in fear 恐惧地
with hope 怀有希望地
feel brave 感到勇敢
be uncomfortable 不舒服的
lose one's life 失去生命
（四）时间与范围
from side to side 左右摇晃
in heavy showers 大量地
take photos 拍照
provide information 提供信息
carry the torch 传递火炬
all the time 一直
二、重点句型用法
（一）灾害描述
When disaster strikes, it can bring a lot of pain.（当灾难来临时，会带来很多痛苦。）
The earth shook these days.（这些天大地在震动。）
A dark cloud moved down and covered the sea.（一片乌云下移，覆盖了大海。）
Everything was covered in ash, like the snow in winter.（一切都被灰烬覆盖，像冬天的雪。）
（二）经历与应对
I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard.（我正在睡觉，这时地面剧烈震动。）
We moved on while the cloud was spreading over the land like a flood.（当乌云像洪水一样蔓延到陆地上时，我们继续前进。）
Niu Yu lost her right leg in the Wenchuan earthquake.（牛钰在汶川地震中失去了右腿。）
With the support of her family and friends, she came out from the shadows.（在家人和朋友的支持下，她走出了阴影。）
（三）观点与启示
Rules are there for us to follow.（规则是让我们遵守的。）
We should always face disaster with courage.（我们应该总是勇敢面对灾难。）
Technology helps with disaster warnings.（技术有助于灾害预警。）
Above all, be the heroine of your life, not the victim.
（最重要的是，做自己生活的英雄，而不是受害者。）
（四）未来展望
What will life be like after the disaster （灾难过后的生活会是什么样的？）
I think people will rebuild their homes.（我认为人们会重建家园。）
Schools will have more disaster drills.（学校将有更多的灾害演练。）
Disaster warnings will be more accurate.（灾害预警将更加准确。）
三、语法点详细梳理
（一）过去进行时（Past continuous tense）
构成：was/were + 现在分词（动词 ing 形式）
用法
过去某一时刻正在进行的动作：
That night, I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard."（过去某一时刻正在睡觉）
过去某段时间内持续进行的动作：
We were staying in a town near Pompeii.（过去一段时间内持续住在那里）
与 when/while 连用：when 后接短暂性动词，while 后接持续性动词。
例如：I was walking while he was running.（两个动作同时进行）
标志词：at that time, at 8:00 yesterday, when, while 等。
（二）refuse to do sth 结构
构成：refuse + to + 动词原形
用法：表示 “拒绝做某事”
My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to leave her behind.
（拒绝丢下母亲）
He refused to answer the question.（拒绝回答问题）
（三）with 的复合结构
构成：with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（形容词 / 介词短语 / 现在分词 / 过去分词等）
用法
表伴随状态：The air was thick with smoke.（空气中弥漫着烟）
表原因：With the support of her family, she succeeded.（在家人支持下成功）
表方式：She came in with a book in her hand.（手里拿着书进来）
四、本单元话题书面表达写作指导学案
（一）写作结构
引言（Introduction）：引出自然灾害的主题，介绍事件发生的时间和地点。
主体（Main body）
描述灾害发生时的情景，包括自然现象的变化和人们的反应。
讲述自己或他人的应对措施和经历的过程。
表达自己的感受和心理变化。
结论（Conclusion）：总结从事件中获得的启示，强调面对灾害的勇气和团结的重要性。
时态正确：主要使用过去进行时和一般过去时，描述现在的感受时使用一般现在时。
（二）写作要点
细节描写
运用环境描写，如 “the earth shook violently”“dark clouds covered the sky”，展现灾害的可怕。
运用动作描写，如 “ran to safety”“covered my head”，表现人物的应对行为。
运用心理描写，如 “felt scared”“held on to hope”，表达内心的感受。
逻辑衔接
使用表示时间顺序的连接词，如 first, then, next, finally 等，使文章结构清晰。
使用表示因果关系的连接词，如 because, so, as a result 等，解释事件的发展。
使用表示转折关系的连接词，如 but, however, although 等，突出情节的变化。
语言准确
正确使用本单元所学的重点词组和句型，如 natural disaster, in order to, refuse to do sth, with the support of 等。
正确使用过去进行时等语法点，准确描述过去正在发生的动作。
（三）写作示例（An unforgettable experience in a rainstorm）
Outline（提纲）
Title
（题目） An unforgettable experience in a rainstorm
（一次难忘的暴雨经历）
Introduction
（引言） Last summer, I experienced a terrible rainstorm in my hometown.
（去年夏天，我在家乡经历了一场可怕的暴雨。）
Main body
（主体） The sky turned dark and the rain poured down. Trees were blown down and roads were flooded.2. My family and I stayed at home, but the water started to come into the house. We tried to block the door with sandbags.3. Finally, the rain stopped and the rescue team came to help us.
（1. 天空变暗了，大雨倾盆而下。树木被刮倒，道路被淹。2.我和我的家人呆在家里，但是水开始涌入房子。我们试图用沙袋堵住门。3. 最后，雨停了，救援队来帮助我们。）
Conclusion
（结论） I learned that we should be prepared for disasters and help each other in times of trouble.
（我学到了我们应该为灾难做好准备，在困难的时候互相帮助。）
参考范文
An unforgettable experience in a rainstorm
Last summer, I had an unforgettable experience when a heavy rainstorm hit my hometown. It was in the afternoon, and the sky suddenly turned dark. Within a few minutes, the rain started to pour down heavily, accompanied by strong winds.
I was at home with my parents. We could hear the wind howling outside and see the trees being blown down by the strong wind. The rain was so heavy that the roads quickly became flooded. Soon, we noticed that water was starting to come into our house through the door. My father quickly went to get some sandbags, and we worked together to block the door to prevent more water from coming in.
We were all very worried, but we stayed calm and helped each other. My mother kept an eye on the water level, while my father and I tried to find ways to keep the water out. The power went out, so we had to use flashlights. We spent several hours like this, waiting for the rain to stop.
Finally, the rainstorm passed, and the water began to recede. The next day, the rescue team came to our neighborhood to help clean up and check for any damage. Although we were tired, we were grateful that we were safe.
This experience taught me that natural disasters can happen at any time, and it's important to be prepared. It also showed me the importance of family and community support in times of trouble. We should always be ready to help each other and face challenges together.