Unit 1 Happy holiday Section B 单词短语知识点详解学案【2025人教版英语八年级上册 】

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名称 Unit 1 Happy holiday Section B 单词短语知识点详解学案【2025人教版英语八年级上册 】
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Unit 1 Happy holiday
Section B 单词短语知识详解
1 square /skwe (r)/ n. 广场;正方形 adj. 正方形的;平方的(教材P6)
归纳拓展
square 既可作名词,意为“广场;正方形”,又可作形容词,意为“正方形的;平方的”。
常见搭配:
(1)in the square 在广场
(2)the area of a square 正方形的面积
(3)make/fold ...into a square 把……做成/折成一个正方形
(4)...square metres/ kilometres ……平方米/ 公里
They gathered in the square to dance to the music.他们在广场上聚集,随着音乐一起跳舞。
To work out the area of a square, you need to know the length of its sides. 要计算一个正方形的面积,你需要知道它的边长。
She folded the paper into a square. 她把纸叠成一个正方形
He drew a square box on the paper. 他在纸上画了一个正方形的盒子。
The room is 10 square metres in size. 这个房间的面积是10 平方米。
学会运用1:
The park is quite large and covers an area of 22,134 s kilometres.
学会运用2:
My grandma has great interest in the ___________(广场) dancing.
学会运用3:
在北京,许多人去天安门广场观看国旗升起。
In Beijing, many people _______ _______ ________ ________ to watch the national flag raising.
学会运用4:
我们学校的面积是1000 平方米。
Our school has an area of ________ ________ ________.
2 during /'dj r / prep. 在……期间(教材P6)
归纳拓展 during prep. 在……期间
常见搭配:
(1)during the day / night 在白天/夜间
(2)during the week / weekend 在周内/ 在周末
(3)during the meeting / class / performance 会议/上课/演出期间
(4)during one’s childhood 在某人的童年时期
(5)during the summer / winter vacation 在暑假/寒假期间
I like to work during the day better.我更喜欢在白天工作。
I have meetings during the week. 我在这周内有一些会议
Please mute your mobile phone during the meeting.请在会议期间将手机静音。
During my childhood, I loved playing outside.在我的童年时期,我喜欢在外面玩。
学会运用5: We need to finish this project ___________(在……期间) this term.
学会运用6: I usually cook dinner d the time when the kids do their homework.
学会运用7:我在午餐时间使用互联网。I use the Internet ___________ ___________.
学会运用8:在过去十年间,他们帮助了60 多个儿童完成学业。
They helped over 60 children finish their schooling ___________ __________ __________ ___________ ___________.
3 victory /'v kt ri/ n. 胜利;成功(教材P6)
归纳拓展 victory n. 胜利;成功
常见搭配:
(1)win a victory 取得胜利
(2)celebrate a victory 庆祝胜利
(3)achieve victory 获得胜利
(4)taste victory 尝到胜利的滋味
(5)from victory to victory 从胜利走向胜利
Our team won a great victory in the basketball match. 我们队在篮球比赛中取得了巨大的胜利。
The whole city was celebrating their team’s victory.整个城市都在庆祝他们球队的胜利。
After many years of struggle, they finally achieved victory. 经过多年的奋斗,他们终于取得了胜利。
学会运用9:
The team’s __________ (胜利) was a result of hard work and determination.
学会运用10:
After months of hard work, she finally tasted v at the national championship.
学会运用11: 整个团队聚在一起庆祝他们的胜利。
The whole team gathered __________ __________ __________ __________.
4 against / 'ɡenst/ prep. 反对;与……相反;紧靠(教材P6)归纳拓展
归纳拓展
against prep.“反对;与……相反;紧靠”,还可意为“以……为背景;衬托”。
常见搭配:
(1)be against... 反对……
(2)stand against...靠着……站着
(3)play/fight/act against... 与……比赛/斗争(作战)
(4)against the setting sun /blue sky /green trees
I am against the plan to cut the budget.我反对削减预算的计划。
She stood against the door, waiting for her friend to arrive. 她靠着门站着,等待朋友到来。
Our team will play against theirs in the final.我们队将在决赛中与他们队对阵。
The city skyline stood out clearly against the setting sun. 城市的天际线在夕阳的映衬下格外清晰。
学会运用12: The painting looks beautiful a the background of the mountains.
学会运用13: The book is leaning __________ (靠着) the wall.
学会运用14: 与会的每个人都反对这个计划。(翻译句子)
__________________________________________________
5、guide /ɡa d/ n. 导游;指南;手册v. 给某人领路;指导(教材P6)
归纳拓展
guide 既可作名词,意为“导游;指南;手册”,也可作动词,意为“给某人领路;指导”。
常见搭配:
(1)a tour guide 导游
(2)travel/ user /study guide 旅游/用户/学习指南
(3)guide sb./sth. through/into... 引导某人/某物通过/进入……
(4)guide sb. in sth. 在某事上指导某人
She is a good guide who knows a lot about the history of the city. 她是一位很好的导游,对这座城市的历史了如指掌。
This travel guide contains detailed information about the best places to visit. 这本旅行指南包含了最佳游览地点的详细信息。
The teacher guided the students through the busy streets.
老师带领着学生们穿过繁忙的街道。
学会运用15: She held my arm and g me into the metro station.
学会运用16: With the help of the tour __________ (导游), we walked across the mountains.
学会运用17: 她带领我们穿过繁忙的街道去公园。(翻译句子)
________________________________________________
学会运用18: 我发现这本《学习指南》对我的英语学习很有帮助。
(翻译句子)
________________________________________________
6 remind /r 'ma nd/ v. 提醒;使想起(教材P6)
归纳拓展
remind v. 提醒;使想起
常见用法:
(1)remind sb. of sb./sth. 使某人想起某人/某事
(2)remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
(3)remind sb. + that 从句 提醒某人……
(4)remind sb. about sth. 提醒某人某事
(5)remind sb. + 疑问词引导的从句 提醒某人……
The smell of fresh bread reminds me of my childhood. 新鲜面包的气味使我想起了我的童年。
Please remind me to turn off the lights when I leave the room. 请提醒我离开房间时关灯。
I just wanted to remind you that the project deadline is next week. 我只是想提醒你,项目的截止日期是下周。
学会运用19: Remind me __________ (phone) Alan before I go out.
学会运用20: I reminded him __________ the danger of catching cold, but he didn’t notice that.
学会运用21: 我想要提醒你呵护自己的健康是必须的。
I want to __________ __________ __________ taking care of your health is a must.
学会运用22: 他们会随时帮助,提醒你如何玩得开心。
They will always be there to help and __________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
7 peace /pi s/ n. 和平;太平(教材P6)
归纳拓展
peace n. 和平;太平,还可意为“宁静”,常见短语:
(1)at peace 处于和平状态
(2)in peace 平静地
(3)the peace of... ……的宁静
peaceful adj. 和平的;安静的;平静的
peacefully adv. 和平地;安静地;平静地
The countries were at peace for more than a century. 这些国家和平共处了一个多世纪。
Everyone lived in peace here. 这里的每个人都过得很平静。
She lay back and enjoyed the peace of the summer evening. 她轻松地躺着享受夏日傍晚的宁静。
The peaceful night made everyone sleep soundly.宁静的夜晚让每个人都睡得很香。
He closed his eyes, sitting there quietly and peacefully.他闭上了眼睛,平心静气地坐着。
学会运用23: Many heroes lost their young lives for the long-lasting __________(和平)of our country.
学会运用24: China is developing rapidly, with its people living a __________ (peace) and happy life.
学会运用25: 最终,我获得了宁静与平和。我举起吉他,开始弹奏。(翻译句子)
___________________________________________________________
8 easily /'i z li/ adv. 容易地;轻易地(教材P6)
归纳拓展
easily adv. 容易地;轻易地,可修饰动词、形容词和句子。
easy adj. 容易的。
常见用法:
be easy to do sth. 容易做某事;
take it easy 放松;别紧张。
ease n. 轻易;舒适。
常见搭配:with ease 轻松地;at ease舒适;自由自在。
He finished his work easily before the deadline.他很轻松地在截止日期前完成了工作。
They talked freely and easily about all kinds of topics.他们轻松又随意地谈论各种话题。
I think Mr Tang is easy to get along with. 我认为唐老师很容易相处。
He passed the exam with ease. 他轻而易举地通过了考试。
I won’t feel at ease until you come back safely.你平安回来了,我心里才能踏实。
学会运用26: With the help of the city map, the students found their way to the park _________ (easy).
学会运用27: Wow, what a beautiful garden! It’s easy _________ (take) good photos here.
学会运用28: 如果自行车道太光滑,骑车的人很容易摔倒。
(翻译句子)
__________________________________________________
9 forget /f 'ɡet/ v.(forgot /f 'ɡ t/)忘记;遗忘(教材P6)
归纳拓展
forget 作及物动词,意为“忘记;遗忘”。
常见用法:
(1)forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(本应该做某事,却忘了做。即:没做某事)
(2)forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已经做过某事,但是忘了。即:做过某事)
(3)forget sb./sth. 忘记某人/某事(对具体信息的遗忘)
(4)forget about sth. 完全忘记某事(对整件事的遗忘)
(5)forget + 从句 忘记……
I forgot to take my bag when I left the meeting hall. 我离开会议厅时忘了拿包。
Did you forget getting lost in the forest 你忘记在森林里迷路的事情了吗?
Let’s forget our differences and be friends.咱们忘掉分歧,做朋友吧。
学会运用30: Don’t forget _________ (turn) off the light when you leave the room.
学会运用31: I forgot __________ (water) the flowers. So when I got back home, I watered them a second time.
学会运用32: 我忘了我用多少钱买的这东西。(翻译句子)
____________________________________________
学会运用33: 我和新同学建立了良好的关系,我永远不会忘记这段快乐的经历。
I built a good relationship with my new classmates, and I will never ________ _______ ________ ___________.
10 sick /s k/ adj. 恶心的;生病的(教材P6)
归纳拓展
sick adj. “恶心的;生病的”,还可意为“厌倦的”。
常见用法:
(1)feel sick 不适;患病
(2)the sick 病人
(3)take/ ask for sick leave 休/ 请病假
(4)be sick of (doing) sth. 厌倦(做)某事
I feel sick today. I think I have a cold.我今天感觉不舒服。我想我感冒了。
The doctor visited all the sick in the hospital.医生探望了医院里的所有病人。
I need to take a few days of sick leave.我需要休几天病假
I’m sick of doing the same thing every day.我厌倦了每天做同样的事情。
学会运用34: Why don’t you ask for a s leave since you have a cold
学会运用35: You look pale, John. Are you feeling __________(不适) now
学会运用36: 我厌倦了一遍又一遍地听那个笑话。
________________________________ over and over again.
11 might /ma t/ modal v. 可能;可以(教材P8)
辨析: might 与may
might 表示某事有可能发生时,might 所表示的可能性更为不确定;用于礼貌的请求或建议时, might 语气更加委婉。
may 表示某事有可能发生时,may 表示较为肯定的可能性;用于礼貌的请求或建议时,may 比较正式。
He might get there on time, but I can’t be sure.他有可能准时到达那里,但我不敢肯定。
I thought we might go to the zoo on Saturday.我觉得周六我们可以去动物园。
Might I ask for a photo of your family 我可以要一张你的全家福照片吗?
一语辨异
She may go to the party tonight, but she might also decide to stay at home and watch a movie. 她今晚可能会去参加派对,但也有可能决定待在家里看电影。
学会运用37: Joe __________ (may) miss the early bus, but most of my classmates don’t think so.
学会运用38: She m be right, but I’m not sure.
学会运用39: 我看看您的作品行吗?(翻译句子)
___________________________________________
12 budget /'b d t/ n. 预算 v. 把……编入预算;精打细算(教材P8)
归纳拓展
budget 作名词,意为“预算”,
常见用法:
on a budget 在预算范围内(表示在资金有限的情况下进行活动或购买);
cut the budget 削减预算(即减少支出或降低预算的情况);
have a budget 有预算;制订预算。
budget 作动词,意为“把……编入预算;精打细算”,
budget for sth. 为某事做预算。
We’re trying to travel on a budget this year.我们今年正努力在有限的预算下旅行。
Because of difficulties, the company had to cut the budget. 由于困难,公司不得不削减预算。
We need to have a budget for our upcoming project.我们需要为即将开始的项目制订一个预算。
We need to budget for the new equipment. 我们需要为新设备做预算。
学会运用40: We have to be careful with our spending because we’re __________ a budget this month.
学会运用41: Giving children pocket money in their early years teaches them the importance of ____________ (budget).
学会运用42:学校不得不削减预算,以节省资金。
The school had to __________ __________ __________ to save money.
学会运用43:We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to _________ ________ _________ (有一个预算).
13 passport /'pɑ sp t/ n. 护照(教材P8)
归纳拓展
passport 作可数名词,意为“护照”。
常见用法:
(1)take/lose/forget one’s passport 带着/丢失/ 忘记某人的护照
(2)show one’s passport 出示某人的护照
(3)hold a Chinese/British passport 持有中国/英国护照
You should take your passport with you when changing money. 你兑换货币时应该带着你的护照。
Please show me your passport, and fill in these forms.请向我出示一下您的护照,并将这些表格填写一下。
He holds a Chinese passport. 他持有中国护照。
学会运用44: You need a p to travel to other countries.
学会运用45: Please write down your _________ (护照) number on this form.
学会运用46: 他要我向他出示护照。(翻译句子)
________________________________________
14、surprised /s 'pra zd/ adj. 惊奇的;惊讶的(教材P9)
归纳拓展
surprised 作形容词,意为“惊奇的;惊讶的”。
常见用法:
be surprised to do sth. 惊讶地做某事;
be surprised + that 从句 惊讶……;
be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶。
surprising 作形容词,意为“令人吃惊的”,指事物所具有的特征,可作定语和表语。
常见用法:It’s surprising that...……令人惊讶。
归纳拓展
Surprise
(1)作名词,意为“惊讶;惊奇”。常见用法:to one’s surprise 令某人惊奇的是;in surprise 惊奇地;give sb. a surprise 给某人一个惊喜。
(2)作动词,意为“使惊奇;使诧异”。常见用法:surprise sb. 使某人惊讶。
We are surprised to find that Jimmy has already left. 我们惊奇地发现吉米已经走了。
We were surprised at his arrival.我们对他的到来感到惊讶。
I was surprised that these houses could last for such a long time. 我很惊讶,这些房子能存在这么长时间。
学会运用50: I was ___________ (surprise) to see James’ name there!
学会运用51: It’s very ___________ (surprise) that the 65-year-old man likes online shopping so much.
学会运用52: There are many interesting things along the way, and there will be ___________ surprise at the end of the trail.
学会运用53: Philip was surprised ___________ (find) that their father was talking to the police and a woman outside their house.
学会运用54: 孩子们惊讶地看着老师,以为他是个魔术师。
(翻译句子)
__________________________________________________
学会运用55: 令他惊讶的是,他刚才遇到的那个人是他们的新班主任。(翻译句子)
__________________________________________________
1 fight against sb./sth. 与……作战;与……作斗争
归纳拓展
fight 作动词,常见用法有:fight for... 为……而战/ 奋斗;fight against... 与……作战/ 斗争;fight with... 与……作战;与……为敌;与……吵架。
fight 作名词,常见用法有:in the fight 在战斗/ 对抗/奋斗中;a hard fight 一场艰苦的战斗/ 奋战/ 比赛;
have a fight 打架;吵架。
fighter 作名词,意为“战士;战斗机”。
学会运用1: The father is always a real _________ (fight) in the little kid’s heart.
学会运用2: To fight _________ her illness, she sold her five shops but it didn’t help much.
学会运用3: 孩子们喜欢在下雪天打雪仗(翻译句子)
__________________________________________
学会运用4: 我不会和你吵架。(翻译句子)
__________________________________________
2 get together 聚会;相聚
归纳拓展
get 构成的动词短语还有:get ready for 为……做好准备;get to 到达;get up 起床;get on 上车、船、飞机等;get off 下车、船、飞机等。
学会运用5: We often _____________(聚会)on weekends with our friends.
学会运用6: Andy got __________ the bus and walked towards the sports centre directly.
学会运用7: 我们计划在周末聚在一起看电影。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ to watch a movie on the weekend.
3 look for 寻找
归纳拓展
look 构成的动词短语还有:
look after 照顾;照料
look like 看上去像
look forward to 盼望;期待
look around 环顾;游览
辨析: look for 与find
look for 意为“寻找”,指寻找的行为和过程。
find 意为“找到;发现”,表示寻找的结果。
学会运用8: Vivian always looks __________ new ways to learn about the history.
学会运用9: The two countries are looking forward to __________ (improve) their relationship.
学会运用10: My dog is ill. My friend Jenny agrees to help me __________ __________ (照顾) my dog.
学会运用11: 我到处找我的伞,但找不到。(翻译句子)
_____________________________________
1、How was your summer holiday, … 你的暑假怎么样,……?(教材P4)
(分析结构) 此句是特殊疑问句。How 是特殊疑问词,was 是系动词,your summer holiday 是主语。
How was your first day at the new school 你在新学校的第一天过得如何?
How was the movie you watched last night 你昨晚看的电影怎么样?
How was your new colleague I heard he just joined last week. 你新同事怎么样?我听说他上周刚入职。
归纳拓展
“How was... ”相当于“What was... like ”,可用于以下情况:
用于询问某人对过去某件事或经历的感受或印象。
用于询问对某物的印象。
用于询问对某人的印象。
学会运用
1、-Dale, _______ was your school trip
-Great! I had fun there.
A. how B. when C. why D. what
学会运用2: 你的周末如何?(翻译句子)
_________________________________________________________________________________2 When I got to the town, it started raining heavily. 当我到达小镇时,开始下起了大雨。(教材P5)
本句为主从复合句,When 引导时间状语从句,表示主句内容所发生的时间。主句it started raining heavily 为“主谓宾”结构,it 为主语,指天气;started 为谓语;raining heavily 为动名词短语作宾语。从句也是 “主谓”结构,主语是I,谓语是got。
I loved history when I was at school. 我上学时喜欢历史。
When I got home, I found my dog sleeping on the sofa.当我到家时,我发现我的狗正在沙发上睡觉。
when 引导的从句
时间 状语 从句 在句中充当时间状语的从句。 e.g. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她进我房间时,我正在看书。
宾语 从句 在句中充当 宾语的从句。 e.g. He asked me when I could finish my homework. 他问我什么时候能完成我的家庭作业。
表语 从句 在句中充当 表语的从句。 e.g. The problem is when we can start the project. 问题是我们什么时候可以开始这个项目。
学会运用3: Don’t say angry words __________ (当……的时候) you are very angry.
学会运用4: I felt proud w I saw our national flag rising with the rising sun.
学会运用5: 我喜欢画画,我长大后想成为一名艺术家。(翻译句子)
__________________________________________________________
3 There was a beautiful double rainbow in the sky. 天空中有一道美丽的双彩虹。(教材P5)
“There be + 名词”是一个表示存在的固定结构。 There are 表示“有”,其中be 动词的形式由后面离它最近的名词的单复数决定,这里a beautiful double rainbow是单数,且此句时态是一般过去时,所以用was。
There are two books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有两本书和一支钢笔。
There might be a party tonight. 今晚可能有个聚会。
归纳拓展
There be 句型遵循“就近原则”,即 be 动词的形式由离它最近的名词的单复数决定。
There be 句型可以与情态动词连用,表示推测。
学会运用7:
There ________ a lot of people at the concert last night.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
学会运用8: There _________ (be) a beautiful park near my house.
学会运用9: 张家口有一个著名的滑雪胜地。
_________ _________ a famous ski resort in Zhangjiakou.
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