外研版中考英语复习学科素养主题八科学与技术课件

(共99张PPT)
主题八 科学与技术
A
Nathan Fellars is ___2____ eighth grader at Centennial Middle School in Utah, the US． When he saw classmates being bullied, he ___3____ he had to do something． “People often deal with bullying after the bullying has happened．
( )2． A． a B． an C． the
( )3． A． will know B． knows C． knew
B
C
I wanted ___4____ if there was a way to reduce bullying before it happens at all,” Fellars told the Society for Science．After studying more about the causes of bullying, ___5____ had an idea to make the app Bully Block． On the app, students can share their lives, whether good ___6____ bad．
( )4． A． see B． to see C． seeing
( )5． A． he B． him C． his
( )6． A． but B． or C． and
B
A
B
Others can post their responses (回复)． But before the responses ___7____, an AI program reads all of them． Only positive words will be shown． Fellars believes ___8____ this will naturally stop bullying both online and in schools． ___9____ useful app it is!“
( )7． A． post B． is posted C． are posted
( )8． A． how B． what C． that
( )9． A． What a B． What an C． How
C
C
A
I would love to see my project be used ___10____ teachers and students,” said Fellars． “I love knowing that my invention can help somebody else in the world．”
( )10． A． with B． by C． from
B
A
B
And SAFFIR，a two-legged robot that can do ___3____ work that humans are often unable to do． Many people benefit (受益) from the robots． So they are very ___4____ around the world．
( )3．A． safe B． dangerous
C． simple D． valuable
( )4．A． expensive B． terrible
C． popular D． difficult
B
C
When he was asked which robot was his biggest success，Hong ___5____ the robot called DARWIN-OP． He thought it was one of the most ___6____ used human-like robots for research and education． Hong's team made DARWIN's design free for anyone to use．They have seen many projects using the ___7____． And they consider it a gift to the robotics community．
( )5．A． saw B． invited C． knew D． chose
( )6．A． simply B． directly C． widely D． wisely
( )7．A． design B． education
C． survey D． research
D
C
A
“Many people only want to see our ___8____ and not the failures that came before those，but failure is simply a stepping stone in developing new technology． If you ___9____ failure，then you only get to walk on the safer side，and then there's no innovation（创新），”said Hong．
( )8．A． happiness B． sadness
C． successes D． kindness
( )9．A． are strict with B． are afraid of
C． are interested in D． are surprised at
C
B
“I tell my students to try ___10____ the robot． If the robot doesn't fall and doesn't break，we don't get to learn anything．”(2024 安徽改编）
( )10．A． helping B． holding
C． calling D． breaking
D
young start become who usual and in on prize he achieve also
Li Deren, a Chinese remote sensing(遥感) expert, and Xue Qikun, a physicist, have won China's yearly science awards． Li is from Wuhan University ___1____ Xue is the president of Shenzhen's Southern University of Science and Technology． The 2023 Highest Science and Technology Awards are given to them to honor their _________2_______ in science and technology．
young start become who usual and in on prize he achieve also
and
achievements
After a two-year break to change the selection rules, China has ___3____ giving the highest recognition (认可) in science and technology again．The award was created ___4____ 2000． And so far, 37 scientists have won this ___5____．
Li, 85, is one of the pioneers ___6____ helped develop important technologies for China's accurate(精确的) positioning and mapping system．Thanks to ___7____ and his team, China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is similarly accurate to the Global Positioning System, owned by the United States．
young start become who usual and in on prize he achieve also
started
in
prize
who
him
Xue, 61, is the ___8____ winner of the award． His team first observed(观察) the quantum anomalous Hall effect, which could be used in low-power electronics． They ___9____ started a new research direction in high-temperature superconductivity(超导)． Xue ___10____ a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2005． Last year, he was the first Chinese person to receive the Oliver E．Buckley Prize, an important prize in physics．
young start become who usual and in on prize he achieve also
youngest
also
became
1． ____________ 2． ____________
3． ____________ 4． ____________
5． ____________ 6． ____________
7． ____________ 8． ____________
9． ____________ 10． ____________
and
achievements
started
in
prize
who
him
youngest
also
became
第二组
Chinese Team Won at Lego Competition
At the FIRST LEGO League (FLL) World Festival (乐高世界锦标赛) in Houston last week，a team from China's Renmin University Primary School won the Global Core Values at the FLL Explore． “My team and I worked together to solve problems，share ideas and have fun,” one team member said． FLL has played an important role in developing students' creativity．
______▲______
A youth robot competition, held by the China Song Chingling Science and Culture center, started on Tuesday in Beijing． The competition aims to spark (激起) young people's interest in science and technology and develop their imagination and creativity．
A High-tech-empowered (高科技赋能的) Classroom
Growing up in a remote town in Gansu Province，12-year-old schoolgirl Liao Wenting was surprised to find that the high-tech products could be within arms' reach． Her school has recently built a high-tech-empowered classroom． In the classroom，students are encouraged to explore their creativity and turn their ideas into reality．There are multimedia teaching systems，virtual reality headsets，3-D printing equipment and other high-tech gadgets（小装置）in the classroom．
( )1． According to the first piece of news，FLL plays a role in ____________．
A．developing students' creating skills
B．turning students' ideas into reality
C．advancing education in all countries
D．sharing the team members ideas
A
( )2． Which of the following can be the best heading （标题） for the second piece of news
A．Young People's Interest
B．Robot Competition Aims to Interest Youth
C．An AI Competition
D．To Develop the Imagination and Creativity
B
( )3． Which of the following is TRUE
A． A team from Houston won the Global Core Values at FLL．
B． A youth robot competition started on Thursday in Beijing．
C． Liao Wenting knew about high-tech gadgets in the special classroom．
D． Song Chingling Science and Culture center holds the robot competition every year．
C
( )4． Through the news above，we can find that China is paying much attention to _______．
A．different kinds of competitions
B．young people's creativity
C．the education in the countryside
D．the development of robots
B
( )5． In which part of the newspaper can we read the news？
A．Competition & Sport．
B．World & Youth．
C．School & Hobby．
D．Technology & Education．
D
③AI in Transportation
AI makes a big difference to traffic． For example， some ride-sharing platforms (拼车平台) depend heavily on AI． They use AI to match passengers with drivers and provide better transportation services． And self-driving cars are a main example of AI's use in transportation，too． With the help of AI， they can reduce accidents and help those unable to drive．
④AI in Education
AI provides a smart way to education． It changes the way teachers teach and students learn． AI in classrooms can make teaching and learning more interesting． AI can also offer students support outside classrooms． For example，it can help with homework，answer questions and provide explanations． By analyzing（分析）students' advantages，weaknesses and learning needs，AI can make appropriate study plans for them．This can help students achieve their learning goals easier．
⑤All in all，AI is shaping and will continue to shape our everyday experiences． (2024 宁夏改编）
( )1． (新题型·语篇还原)Which of the following can be put in “______▲______” in Paragraph 2
A．AI in Communication B． AI in Sports
C．AI in Environment D． AI in Invention
A
( )2． What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？
A．Researches on AI in transportation．
B．Suggestions on AI in transportation．
C．Problems of AI in transportation．
D．Advantages of AI in transportation．
D
( )3． What does the underlined word “appropriate” mean in Paragraph 4？
A．New． B．Proper．
C．Simple． D．Different．
B
( )4． What can we probably infer from the passage？
A．It takes a long time for chatbots to reply to users．
B．Ride-sharing platforms hardly depend on AI．
C．AI can only offer help inside classrooms．
D．AI will continue to influence our daily lives．
D
( )5． （创新题·文章结构）Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
C
A． Cool-designed Fan
On hot summer days，many people carry a mini fan to keep themselves cool． But this fan is a little different．You can hold it on your neck．Your hands are free!
B． Solar Plant Pot
The pot has a solar panel (板)． It can run around in the garden and look for sunlight by itself． You don't need to worry that your plants don't get enough sunlight．
C． Smart Walking Stick
It can not only help old people keep their balance，but also has GPS，lights and an alarm．If the stick comes within 25cm of a wall or other objects，it will sound an alarm to warn the user．
D． Sugar Packet
The “paper” packet is not paper at all—it melts（融化）into your coffee．This kind of sugar packet means less rubbish．
E． Safety Window
The window prevents children from falling out of the window if they try to open it． A protective guard will go up when the window is pulled back down．
F． Robot Police
The robot can tell people when danger or disasters are coming．It can also do some police work．
G． A Smart Mirror
The smart mirror can give you some useful advice on how to keep your body healthy．
( )1． Simon is a robot fan．He
thinks robots can help human solve many problems．
( )2． Polly is especially crazy about gardening． She loves growing plants．
( )3． Ellie shows interest in some
products which is environmentally friendly．
( )4． Doris wants to know some inventions which help his 80-year-old grandpa go out safely．
( )5． Mike would like to see some creative products with cool designs to make life easier．
F
B
D
C
A
C
One example is the special soccer ball made___2____ a company in Jiangsu, China． ___3____ ball has a tiny chip (芯片) inside that can do 500 checks every second! It helps judges see if ___4____ the rules． This makes the game more exact and fair．
( )2． A．from B． by C． of
( )3． A． The B． A C． An
( )4． A． are players following
B． were players following
C． players are following
B
A
C
Chinese companies also make the mats (垫子)for judo (柔道)． These mats have special chips and a new coating that keeps them ___5____ and safe． This helps athletes stay healthy and perform their best．
( )5． A． clean B． cleaner C． cleanest
A
Even ping-pong tables are super cool! ___6____ are black and pink, with lights that change colors． The designers want ___7____ the games look great and let people excited． From mascots(吉祥物) to medals, and even the big screens and lights, many things at the Olympics ___8____ in China．
( )6． A． Their B． Them C． They
( )7． A． to make B． making C． make
( )8． A． are produced B． is produced
C． produced
C
A
A
___9____ great Chinese technology and design are! Chinese products are popular around the world ______10______ they are high-quality and very advanced． So, when you saw many high technology products made in China at the Paris Olympics, were you proud of being a Chinese
( )9． A． What B． What a C． How
( )10． A． so B． because C． unless
C
B
A
C
Li Bang, 33, is an AI scientist at Anyang Normal University． He and his team are building a special online “___3____”． They put pictures of oracle bones and lots of books into this “library”．They write programs to help AI learn to look at the shapes of characters(文字) and find information about them in the “library”．
( )3．A． shop B． hospital C． school D． library
D
When people want to study an oracle bone character, they show it to the computer． AI will ___4____ similar characters and books about it in a few seconds． In the past, this ___5____ people a few hours or even a few days．
( )4．A． pass B． put C． find D． ask
( )5．A． paid B． cost C． spent D． took
C
D
“AI is a great ___6____ for people who study oracle bones, but it can't take the place of human beings,” Li said． AI remembers things very well, but it can't ___7____ thinking things．
( )6．A． helper B． visitor
C． cleaner D． volunteer
( )7．A． be good at B． be good for
C． be weak in D． be bad for
A
A
Usually, oracle bones are found broken into pieces． To study them, we need to piece them together first． But there are about 160,000 pieces in the world． It's ___8____ to find the correct pieces． So far, we have only put together 7,000 sets．
( )8．A． necessary B． difficult
C． wonderful D． dirty
B
But AI ___9____ this problem simple． Scientists made a program to help AI learn to look at the shapes and characters of the bone pieces． It can ___10____ find matching pieces in its “memory”． This way, AI can easily help us put the puzzles together．
( )9．A． hopes B． makes
C． achieves D． expects
( )10．A． carefully B． probably
C． slowly D． quickly
B
D
although they hundred know modern by return decide what step how success
The Chengni inkstone（砚台）is one of the “four famous inkstones” in our country． With a history of over 1,000 years, the skill of making it had once been lost for ___1____ of years and was later brought back to life by Lin Xiaolin's grandfather Lin Yongmao and father Lin Tao． Many people are touched by ___2____ they have done．
although they hundred know modern by return decide what step how success
hundreds
what
In 1986, Lin Yongmao worked at a museum, where he read many books about the Chengni inkstone, and ___3____ to bring it back to life． ___4____ Lin Yongmao and his son learned from many historical papers, this was not an easy task． It took ___5____ two years to find suitable mud (泥浆) materials． After many failures, they succeeded in making two Chengni inkstones in 1991． It took nearly a year and more than 10 ___6____ to make a Chengni inkstone．
although they hundred know modern by return decide what step how success
decided
Although
them
steps
Lin Xiaolin，as the inheritor of making the Chengni inkstone，has ___7____ it since his childhood． In 2011, he went abroad to study ___8____ technologies． “Passing on the skill holds the key to keeping it alive,” Lin Xiaolin said． So he returned to China after graduating from college in 2019，hoping to create more great Chengni inkstones ___9____ using modern technologies and traditional design． He has had much ___10____．
although they hundred know modern by return decide what step how success
known
modern
by
success
Lin Xiaolin is trying hard to bring new life to the Chengni inkstone and make it a symbol of Chinese culture．
1． ____________ 2． ____________
3． ____________ 4． ____________
5． ____________ 6． ____________
7． ____________ 8． ____________
9． ____________ 10． ____________
hundreds
what
decided
Although
them
steps
known
modern
by
success
②“Making a huge lantern for exhibition requires 17 steps，” said Wan Songtao，an inheritor of Zigong lantern-making． “Each step is finished by a team instead of a single maker,” Wan added． The sundial（日晷），a kind of lantern, made by Wan's team, for example, took about 80 makers over 50 days to complete the whole process． Unlike the lanterns in other places，Zigong lanterns use modern technologies such as AI，mechanical engineering，and holography（全息摄影术）．
③______▲______ Anything that can be designed on a lantern can make a wonderful show，and everyone is encouraged to turn their ideas into real works． And the rich themes of Zigong lanterns show the spirit of creativity and warmth from the bottom of the local people's heart．
④The government encourages local people to learn lantern-making widely． Zigong lanterns are getting more and more popular． Driven by the collective efforts of the whole city, they have reached over 80 countries． It's believed that Zigong lanterns will reach every corner of the world in the future．（2024 山东滨州改编）
( )1． (跨学科·语文）Which of the following poet could probably enjoy Zigong lanterns？
A．Cao Cao． B．Li Bai．
C．Tao Yuanming． D．Cao Zhi．
B
( )2．　What can we infer from Paragraph 2？
①Holography is a kind of traditional technology．
②It's hard for makers to complete a huge lantern for exhibition．
③Zigong lanterns are different from the lanterns in other places．
④The workers of Zigong lantern-making work together in a team．
A．①②③ B．①④ C．②③④ D． ②③
C
( )3． （新题型·语篇还原）Which of the following can be put in “______▲______” in Paragraph 3
A． What's more，the theme of the lantern can be chosen in different ways．
B． Besides，the theme of the lantern must be chosen from traditional culture．
C． What's more，the lantern must be made by new technology．
D． Besides, the theme of the lantern must be simple．
A
( )4． What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 4
A．People in Zigong．
B．Zigong lanterns．
C．The makers of Zigong lanterns．
D．Many museums．
B
( )5． (创新题·文章结构) Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage？
A
A
C
On March 1st, Dr．Dituri, 55, began the project． His goal was to stay at a special underwater hotel for 100 days． The farther you go below the ocean's surface (表面), the ___3____ the pressure (气压) is． Dr．Dituri wanted to learn how this pressure would ___4____ the human body over time． He believes that high pressure can help people live longer and stay healthier as they get older． It can also help doctors treat different medical diseases, including brain problems．
( )3． A．deeper B．lower C．smaller D．higher
( )4． A．discover B．require
C．influence D．appear
D
C
While he was living underwater, Dr．Dituri stayed ___5____． He often exercised in the morning． He kept teaching his college ___6____, and he had online chats with over 5,500 students from 15 different countries． The doctor had a number of ___7____ who dove (潜水) down to spend a little time with him． Dr．Dituri said what he missed the most when he was underwater was sunshine．
( )5． A．free B．excited C．awake D．busy
( )6． A．hobbies B．classes C．holidays D．habits
( )7． A．visitors B．leaders C．teachers D．families
D
B
A
On June 9th, Dr．Dituri returned to the surface, where he was ___8____ able to see the sun again． Many friends, family and his supporters were there to greet him and celebrate his ___9____．
( )8． A．quickly B．easily C．finally D．hardly
( )9． A．attention B．treatment
C．discovery D．achievement
C
D
Dr．Dituri and his team of doctors plan to study the information they ____10____during the project． He said his favorite part of the project was talking with young people． “Who knows ” he said, “Maybe one day, one of them will come back and break the record I just set．”
( )10． A．prepared B．discussed
C．collected D．provided
C
time a touch they easy if win for machine who hard catch
Picture this: Students pass their schoolwork through different hands, from their group leader to the class representative (课代表), and finally to the teacher． It might not sound too difficult, but sometimes it can go wrong and take a lot of ___1____．
To deal with this problem, Zhang Xirui from Shenzhen Gezhi Academy came up with ___2____ useful tool—a smart homework collection robot． He ___3____ the first prize in the 20th Guangdong Provincial Children's Invention Awards．
time a touch they easy if win for machine who hard catch
time
a
won
The robot uses radio frequency identification (RFID, 射频识别) technology—a reader and a special tag (标签) that can share information without ___4____ each other． This way, it can help find and know what it is looking ___5____． Each student's notebook has a special RFID tag with ___6____ name and the subject． Students only need to place their notebooks on the robot, and the ____7____“sees” the notebook, reads its tag and takes it out of the name list． “Teachers can check ____8____ hasn't handed in homework by connecting their phones with the robot through Wi-Fi,” the 13-year-old boy explained to Shenzhen Satellite TV．
time a touch they easy if win for machine who hard catch
touching
for
their
machine
who
Now, he's planning to develop a third-generation (第三代) and hopes to use ultra-high-frequency (超高频) radio technology to read lots of RFID tags from far away． “That means ___9____ you stick a special tag on your notebook, the robot can read the information from a thick stack (堆) of notebooks at once．”
Zhang believes this is the key to how AI can make life much ___10____ for us．Zhang dreams of becoming a scientist when he grows up．
time a touch they easy if win for machine who hard catch
if
easier
1． ____________ 2． ____________
3． ____________ 4． ____________
5． ____________ 6． ____________
7． ____________ 8． ____________
9． ____________ 10． ____________
time
a
won
touching
for
their
machine
who
if
easier
A． But you're wrong．
B． People's toes will disappear．
C． Will all these things happen
D． People will live longer than before．
E． Let's start with people's height．
F． Will it still be there in the future
G． So we can expect our legs will get shorter and our feet smaller．
Can you imagine what the human body in the future will be like Our class had a discussion about it． Tiantian，an AI robot，also joined us． Here are our guesses．
1．______________________________________________________ Humans are now ten centimeters taller than those 150 years ago．So，in the future, people will probably be even taller．Why？Because most of us today have much better food than those in the past．
E． Let's start with people's height．
You must say that people will be stronger according to the first guess． 2．_________________________________________ With the development of science and technology，we won't have much physical work to do． If people get used to this kind of lifestyle，we will probably lose most of our muscles（肌肉）．
A． But you're wrong．
Next，let's come to our hands and feet．We are already using our feet less，and our hands more． 3．__________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________At the same time，our fingers and our eyes will both get better because they'll have to do more work together．
G． So we can expect our legs will get shorter and our feet smaller．
Here comes the most interesting one—it's very possible that people will have four toes（脚趾），not five． The little toe really isn't needed anymore． 4．_________________________________________ Let's wait and see．
F． Will it still be there in the future
Last but not least—people won't have as much hair on their bodies as now，since we don't need it to keep ourselves warm．
What do you think of our guesses 5．_____________
______________________________________________________________ With the rise of AI，will we lose the ability of thinking independently？(2024吉林长春改编)
C． Will all these things happen
【拓展练习】再次阅读短文，回答下列五个问题，并把答案写在横线上。
6． What's Tiantian
______________________________________________________________
7． （创新考法·选择疑问句）Are humans now taller or shorter than those 150 years ago？
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tiantian is an AI robot． / An AI robot．
Humans now / They are taller than those 150 years ago．
8． Why will our fingers and our eyes both get better？
______________________________________________________________
9． Which guess is the most interesting one
______________________________________________________________
10． How many changes will happen according to their guesses？
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Because they'll have to do more work together．
It's very possible that people will have four toes，not five．
Five / 5 changes will happen according to their guesses． / Five / 5．
Part 3 热点话题读写训练
The scientists chose this type of mushroom because it grows easily and quickly． The team began by growing its mycelium (菌丝)—the “root (根)” of the mushroom． This “root” is made of tiny thin threads (线)． They help the mushroom “feel” the environment and find “food”．
As the mycelium grew larger, the team used electrodes (电极) to connect it with the robot． When they shone light on the mycelium, it sent out electrical signals (电信号)． The scientists then recorded the signals and turned them into “orders” that the robot could understand． The robot moved forward by using its five legs．
The scientists do not know how the mushroom produced the signals in response to the light． However, they believe it may do this when it meets changes in the environment． If so, robots powered by this type of mushroom can play an important role in agriculture (农业)． For example, the mushroom may be able to sense changes in the soil, and “tell” the robot when to add more fertilizer (肥料) for crops, reported New Atlas, a science website．
1． Where do the scientists come from
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2． Why did the scientists choose a king oyster mushroom
______________________________________________________________
3． What do tiny thin threads help the mushroom do
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The scientists / They come from the US and Italy． / The US and Italy．
Because it grows easily and quickly．
Tiny thin threads / They help the mushroom “feel” the environment and find “food”．
4．How did the robot move forward
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5． What is New Atlas
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The robot moved forward by using its five legs． / By using its five legs．
New Atlas / It is a science website． / A science website．
【写作积累】 在文中画出下列短语所在的句子，并根据中文提示，仿写句子。
1．【短语】make sth．happen
【仿写】全班同学一起努力让我们的学校回收项目得以实现。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The whole class worked together to make our school's recycling program happen．
2．【短语】connect sth．with sth．
【仿写】这本书将古代历史与现代社会联系起来。
______________________________________________________________3．【短语】play an important role in
【仿写】互联网在我们的日常生活中发挥着重要作用。
______________________________________________________________
The book connects ancient history with modern society．
The Internet plays an important role in our daily lives．
B．书面表达
创新是科技发展的第一动力。假设你叫李华，上周你校举办了校园科技节。请你根据以下思维导图的提示，给你的外国朋友Jack写一封电子邮件，介绍此次活动。
注意：
（1）可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。
（2）不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名和学生的真实姓名。
（3）语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack，
Last week，our school held Science and Technology Festival． _________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
This festival not only can enrich our students' school life, but also help develop our interest in science and technology．
There were many activities during the festival． For example, some students showed their creative inventions like a flying house． In fact, it was a model plane, but it looked like a house． Besides, we listened to some lectures about science and technology． What's more, we did some interesting experiments． It was a great chance
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
for us to put what we learned from textbooks into practice．
In my opinion, this festival was not only exciting but also meaningful． We all had great fun and learned a lot about science and technology．
【语言点拨】（以下单词、短语及句子仅供参考，旨在帮助同学们升级文章的语言表达）
1． 活动目的：
enrich school life 丰富校园生活
spark the interest in … 激发……方面的兴趣
build a friendship 建立友谊
form the spirit of teamwork 形成团队合作精神
develop the creativity 培养创造力
2． 活动内容：
show inventions展示发明
listen to a speech / lecture 听讲座
do the experiments 做实验
watch a show about science 观看一场关于科学的演出
watch the drone performance观看无人机表演
What a wonderful invention! 多么好的发明！
It's a good chance for us to … 对我们来说是一个……的好机会。
3． 感受和收获：
exciting 令人兴奋的meaningful 有意义的
learn a lot from … 从……中学到很多
influence me a lot 对我影响很大
open up my eyes 开阔我的视野
develop my ability to think 培养我思考的能力
learn how to cooperate with others 学会如何与他人合作