阅读理解之说明文
备战 2025 年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀
生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1. 说明文核心特征
题材广泛：
科技类：人工智能、大数据应用、新能源技术（如贵州大数据产业、光伏发电）。
文化类：少数民族传统技艺（如蜡染、银饰工艺）、非遗保护。
生态类：喀斯特地貌保护、生物多样性（如梵净山生态研究）。
社会类：教育政策（“双减”）、乡村振兴案例（如西江千户苗寨旅游发展）。
结构特点：
总分总结构：首段引出主题，中间分点论述，结尾总结观点。
问题解决型：提出问题→分析原因→提供解决方案（如“如何保护喀斯特地貌”）。
2. 核心难点
专业术语与长难句：
术语干扰：如 algorithm（算法）、carbon footprint（碳足迹）等科技词汇。
复杂句解析：复合句嵌套定语从句、状语从句（如 The village, which is surrounded by
mountains, relies on eco-tourism to boost its economy.）。
细节定位偏差：
偷换概念：选项与原文数据或结论部分一致，但关键信息被替换（如“60%”改为“most”）。
过度推断：需严格依据原文，避免主观联想（如“may”不能等同于“must”）。
逻辑推理题：
隐含因果关系：需结合上下文推断现象背后的原因（如“游客减少”与“生态保护政策”的关
联）。
作者态度判断：通过情感词（如“remarkable”“concerning”）推测作者立场。
文化背景干扰：涉及贵州本土知识的题目（如“屯堡文化”）可能因考生不熟悉而误判。
二、解题步骤
1. 通读全文，把握结构（3 分钟）
定位文章类型：科技说明文、文化类说明文、社会现象分析类。
标记关键信息：
首段主题句、段落首尾句、图表数据（如有）。
反复出现的关键词（如“eco-tourism”“big data”）。
2. 审题与定位
明确题目类型：
细节题：锁定具体数据、术语定义（如“What does ‘carbon footprint’ mean ”）。
推理题：寻找因果链（如“政策实施→游客减少→生态恢复”）。
主旨题：关注首尾段总结句或高频主题词。
定位技巧：利用题干关键词（专有名词、数字）快速扫描原文对应段落。
3. 对比选项与原文
正确选项特征：
细节题：与原文完全一致或同义改写（如“reduce pollution” → “cut down on emissions”）。
推理题：符合逻辑推断（如原文“studies show...” → 选项“research supports this theory”）。
错误选项特征：
无中生有：文中未提及或过度延伸（如原文说“may help”但选项改为“definitely cures”）。
曲解原意：替换关键词（如原文“he regretted his choice” → 选项“he was proud of himself”）。
4. 检查答案，确保逻辑连贯
代入答案后通读全文，验证是否符合说明文客观、逻辑严密的特点。
示例：
原 文 ： Guizhou’s unique karst landforms attract millions of tourists annually. However,
over-tourism has led to environmental degradation. To address this, the government has
implemented strict visitor quotas and promoted eco-friendly tourism.
题目：What is the main purpose of the government’s measures
选项：
A. To increase tourism revenue.
B. To balance tourism development and environmental protection.
C. To promote traditional culture.
答案：B（原文通过“however”表转折，说明政府措施旨在解决生态问题，平衡发展与保护）。
三、预测分析
1、选材方向
科技与生活：AI 在教育中的应用（如智能教学系统）、大数据助力乡村振兴。
本土文化：贵州非遗技艺（如苗族银饰工艺）的传承与创新。
生态保护：喀斯特地区可持续发展案例（如石漠化治理）、世界自然遗产保护（梵净山）。
2、命题趋势
跨学科融合：结合地理（喀斯特地貌）、历史（屯堡文化）等知识点。
图表辅助阅读：增加数据表格、流程图等图文结合题型（如“分析游客数量变化原因”）。
3、高阶思维考查：
隐含观点：通过作者措辞推断态度（如“surprisingly”暗示意外结果）。
多模态文本：结合图片或图表理解说明内容（如“根据示意图描述生态修复步骤”）。
4、难度提升点
术语密集：科技类文章出现高频专业词汇（如 algorithm, renewable energy）。
长难句密集：复合句嵌套逻辑关系（如定语从句+分词结构）。
干扰项迷惑性增强：选项看似合理但与原文细节矛盾（如偷换因果关系）。
四、备考建议
1、高频主题词汇积累：
科技类：artificial intelligence, algorithm, digital transformation.
生态类：sustainable development, carbon emission, eco-tourism.
文化类：intangible cultural heritage, ethnic minorities, traditional craftsmanship.
2、长难句解析训练：
每日精析 1-2 个真题长难句，标注主干与修饰成分（如定语从句、状语）。
总结常见复合句结构（如“It is...that...”强调句）。
3、真题模拟与复盘：
分析近 5 年贵州中考说明文，总结高频考点（如细节题占比约 60%）。
模拟实战：限时 8 分钟/篇，完成后复盘错误类型（如术语误译/逻辑误判）。
4、文化背景拓展：
阅读英文版贵州旅游指南（如《Guizhou: A Journey Through Time》），积累本土表达。
观看纪录片（如《航拍中国·贵州》英文解说），学习文化场景用语。
5、逻辑推理专项：
每日练习 1 篇推理题，总结因果链分析技巧（如“现象→原因→解决方案”）。
五、总结
“阅读理解之说明文”是信息提取、逻辑推理与术语理解的综合考查。2025 年贵州中考可能
更注重本土特色与跨学科知识，考生需通过系统训练强化长难句解析能力，积累科技、生态
类词汇，同时关注数据图表与多模态文本，以应对灵活多变的命题趋势！
【基础试题】
A
Do you know the expression“apple-pie order” It means in perfect order, or very well
organized. Nobody is sure where and when the expression“apple-pie order” began. Some say that
Scottish and English writers used the expression a long time ago. Others say it was first used in
the northeastern American states known as New England.
The housewives of New England cut their apples in even slices (均匀薄片). Then they
filled pie pans (平底锅) with them in an organized way—row upon row. As one writer said,the
women of New England loved to have everything in its place. Maybe this explains why it is
believed that the expression“apple-pie order” began in New England.
At one time, the tomato was called a love apple. That was a mistake. This is how the
mistake happened.
In the sixteenth century, Spain imported (进 口 ) the tomato from South America after
Spanish
Explorers (探险家) had landed there. Spain then exported the tomato to Morocco. Italian
traders carried it on to Italy. The Italian name for the tomato was pomo di Moro—apple of the
Moors.
When French growers imported it from Italy,they thought di Moro meant d’amour,the
French word for love. And so pomo di Moro became the apple of love.
People believe many things about the apple. One belief is that it has great powers of
keeping people healthy. A very common expression is “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”
Another belief is based on fact. The expression is “One rotten apple spoils the barrel.”
When an apple begins to go bad, it ruins (毁坏) all the other apples around it in the container. The
expression has come to mean that one bad person in a group can cause everyone to act bad.
1．How many expressions are talked about in the passage
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
2．What does the underlined part mean
A．Doctors are afraid of eating apples.
B．Doctors think it important to eat an apple every day.
C．If you eat an apple every day, you’ll be healthy.
D．If you go to a doctor, he’ll advise you to eat an apple every day.
3．Which of the following is true
A．Apples can cure diseases.
B．A bad apple can make people ill.
C．“Apple-pie order”began in New England.
D．The tomato used to be called a love apple by the French.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Useful English Expressions B．Apple Expressions and their Stories
C．Different Meanings of Apples D．Different uses of Apples
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【难度】0.85
【知识点】外国文化、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个与苹果相关的英语表达及其起源或含义。
1．细节理解题。通读全文可知，文中依次讨论了“apple-pie order”“love apple”“An apple a day
keeps the doctor away”“One rotten apple spoils the barrel”共 4 个与苹果相关的表达。故选 B。
2．词句猜测题。根据“One belief is that it has great powers of keeping people healthy. A very
common expression is ‘An apple a day keeps the doctor away.’”可知，该表达的含义是“每天吃
一个苹果能保持健康”。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据“When French growers imported it from Italy, they thought di Moro meant
d’amour, the French word for love. And so pomo di Moro became the apple of love.”可知，法国
人曾将番茄称为“爱情苹果”。故选 D。
4．最佳标题题。根据“Do you know the expression ‘apple-pie order’”并通读全文可知，文章
围绕多个与“苹果”相关的英语表达展开，介绍了它们的含义和起源故事。故选 B。
B
Travelers visiting the Great Wall can now enjoy a new kind of shopping. When it’s time for
lunch, they can get their lunch delivered (配送) by air.
The service is from an App. On August 16, drones started to deliver food to travelers at the
Badaling Great Wall.
Travelers scan a QR code (扫描二维码) in the App. Then they can order food and other
goods such as drinks and medicine. These things will arrive in as little as five minutes.
The drones can take up to 2.3 kilograms every trip. The delivery service is only 4 yuan. The
service will take orders from 10a.m. to 5p.m. Outside business hours, these drones will take waste
(垃圾) back from the Great Wall.
But the drones still need people’s help. When somebody orders food on the Internet, a
worker will pick it up from a nearby store. The food first comes to the Badaling Hotel. There the
workers put it into a box on the drone. The drone then flies to a watchtower (城楼), where another
worker waits to get it. And finally, travelers pick up their food at the watchtower.
1．The text above is very helpful probably for ________.
A．visitors B．doctors C．workers D．performers
2．How long is the service open each day
A．For five minutes. B．For seven hours.
C．For six minutes. D．For eight hours.
3．In the last two paragraphs, the writer wants to tell us ________.
A．where people work B．how people help drones
C．where drones fly D．how drones deliver food
4．How is the text organized (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2,…)
A． B． C． D．
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【难度】0.85
【知识点】科学技术、说明文
【导语】本文介绍了八达岭长城推出的无人机配送服务。
1．细节理解题。通读原文可知，文章主要讲述的是游客在长城可享受的无人机配送服务，
包括订餐等，所以对游客最有帮助。故选 A。
2．细节理解题。根据“The service will take orders from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.”可知，上午 10 点到
下午 5 点，共 7 个小时，所以服务每天开放 7 小时。故选 B。
3．主旨大意题。通读最后两段可知，最后两段详细说明了无人机如何在人们的帮助下完成
食物配送，包括工作人员从附近商店取餐、在酒店装箱、无人机飞行到城楼等环节，重点是
介绍无人机如何配送食物。故选 D。
4．篇章结构题。通读原文可知，文章第一段总述游客在长城可享受新的购物及午餐配送服
务；后面几段分别从服务来源、操作流程、无人机载重及收费、运营时间、配送流程等方面
展开介绍，是总分结构。故选 C。
C
Water is one of the most important substances (物质) on Earth. Without water, humans,
animals even plants would die. About 70 per cent of our body weight is water. People have lived
for a month or more without food, but we could live for only three or four days without water.
How much water do animals and plants need A human may need 2 liters (升) per day, a
cow needs 135 liters per day and a large tree requires 20, 000 liters a day.
How do we people use water We drink water. We wash our bodies, our clothes and many
other things with water. The foods we eat have water in them, and all our drinks are largely water.
We use water to cook many of our foods, and we use water for different activities, such as boating,
swimming and fishing.
Plants need water to live just like we do. Plants use their roots to take up water from the
soil. The crops that farmers grow for our food need water to grow. In some places where there is
little rain and the land is dry, farmers bring water from rivers, lakes and wells to their fields. It’s
called irrigation (灌溉). Some crops need more water to grow than others. Rice and cotton, for
example, need lots of water, while olives and oranges need only a little.
Animals also need water to live. The animals that provide us with meat, milk and eggs need
large amounts of clean water to drink. Water is also home to millions of plants and animals,
including the fish we eat.
Some industries use water to cool hot substances or the moving parts of machines. Water
also helps to produce most of our electricity (电). In hydro-electric power stations (水电站) the
water of fast-flowing rivers is used to turn the machines that produce electricity.
Water is used to make many kinds of food and many of the things we see or use every day.
1．Which of the following can be called roots
A． B． C． D．
2．What does the picture in the passage want to tell us
A．Water is seriously polluted. B．Water is needed everywhere.
C．Water is limited on our earth. D．Water is used in the industry.
3．What can we know about water according to the passage
A．Animals can live longer than humans without water.
B．Different kinds of plants need the same amount of water.
C．Irrigation gives farmers chances to grow crops in dry places.
D．Hydro-electric power stations can be seen in many countries.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．The qualities of water. B．The background of water.
C．The usages of water. D．The production of water.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C
【难度】0.85
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。探讨了水在日常生活、农业、工业等方面的多种用途，并强调
了水资源的广泛需求和重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据“Plants use...from the soil.”可知，植物吸收水分的部位是根，图 A 所示
的分叉状地下部分是“根”。故选 A。
2．推理判断题。根据文中插图列举了制造不同产品所需的水量可知，人类日常所用、所食
的几乎所有东西都需要用到水，即“水无处不在”。故选 B。
3．细节理解题。根据“In some places...irrigation.”可知，在干旱地区，农民通过从河流、湖泊、
井等处引水进行灌溉，从而能在缺水地区种庄稼，所以灌溉给了农民在干旱地区种植作物的
机会。故选 C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了水在人类、动物、植物、农业、工业等多
个领域的用途，主旨应是“水的用途”。故选 C。
【提升试题】
A
Have you ever experienced a time when people started stocking up (囤积) on things like
food, soap and even toilet paper Although they know it is out of panic (恐慌), people still can’t
help doing it. There are psychological and social reasons behind this.
According to Paul Marsden, a psychologist at the University of the Arts London, buying
gives people a feeling of control. It’s about “taking back control” in a world where you feel out of
control. In psychology, there is the idea of “retail therapy (购物疗法)”. It means people control
their feelings by buying things.
As social animals, we often follow what others are doing when things get harder. Marsden
added that when people see photos of things that are sold out, it sends a message to people that
stocking up is what they need to do.
Still, it’s hard to understand why people would stock up on toilet paper.
People aren’t sometimes sure about what they should buy during a hard time. He said that
when shoppers walk into a supermarket, they are looking for good deals (实 惠 ) and large
quantities (数量). Then, the toilet paper draws them.
When toilet paper is sold out, the shelves will look emptier than those of other goods. When
traditional and social media keep showing this, it leads more people to stock up on it.
1．Why do people often stock up on things according to Paul Marsden
A．It makes them feel they are in control. B．They like to show their buying power.
C．They think it’s fun to buy lots of things. D．It allows them to control those in need.
2．What are people likely to do when they see sold-out photos in the market according to Paul
Marsden
A．Continue buying what they need. B．Feel unhappy and stop shopping.
C．Sell what they have to make money. D．Try to stock up on similar things.
3．Why can toilet paper draw people’s attention according to Paragraph 5
A．Because it is a symbol of a good life.
B．Because it is a must in people’s daily life.
C．Because it is cheap and in large quantities.
D．Because there aren’t many goods to choose from.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．How we can stop panic buying. B．The reasons behind panic buying.
C．The advantages of shopping therapy. D．What people usually do during hard times.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】说明文、市场与经济
【导语】本文探讨了人们在恐慌时囤积物品的现象，从心理学和社会学角度分析其背后的原
因。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“buying gives people a feeling of control. It’s about ‘taking back
control’”可知，Paul Marsden 认为囤积物品能让人感觉重新获得掌控感。故选 A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“when people see photos of things that are sold out, it sends a
message...stocking up is what they need to do”可知，看到售罄图片会促使人们跟风囤积类似物
品。故选 D。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“they are looking for good deals and large quantities. Then, the toilet
paper draws them”可知，卫生纸因价格实惠、量大而吸引消费者。故选 C。
4．主旨大意题。文章首段指出囤积现象有心理和社会原因，后续段落围绕 Paul Marsden 的
观点展开分析，核心是解释恐慌性购物的原因。选项 B“恐慌性购买背后的原因。”符合文章
主旨。故选 B。
B
Twenty years ago, when Andrew Westbrook was in college, he had a hard time fixing his
mind on class. He certainly had the ability to focus. For example, when he got lost in a good book,
thinking felt easy. But when it came to some other mental (脑 力 的 ) tasks, thinking was like
pulling teeth and his attention was off.
Westbrook is now a scientist. His research is challenging old ideas about why we can’t keep
our attention on certain tasks.
For years, scientists thought that mentally tiring tasks like solving math problems required
more energy than easier ones like looking out of the window. As a result, these harder tasks would
make us run out of energy and lose focus more quickly.
However, Westbrook’s research suggests our brain is always working hard. Even when we
are just looking around a room, our brain is dealing with lots of information and using lots of
energy. But we don’t find these tasks tiring. The real problem is that difficult tasks require
different brain regions to work together in new patterns. The brain has to break out of its usual
ways, which causes discomfort and makes these tasks seem harder than they really are.
“Thinking about beginning a hard task feels harder than actually doing it,” Westbrook says.
This early mental hurdle can lead us to put off the task or even avoid it. “If we can get over this
hurdle, thinking will become easier,” he adds.
Westbrook’s team has found ways to help us do that. For one, he suggests focusing on the
good results of completing the task instead of how hard it will be. We can also try to get into “flow
(心 流 )”. When people are in “flow”, they seem not to care how hard the task is. One key to
entering “flow” is to reduce uncertainty. Before writing a book report, for example, you can set
yourself a goal, like finishing it in 15 minutes. Finally, it can help to make these mentally tiring
tasks a habit. Try doing them at the same time and place every day or week. After a few weeks,
focusing on these tasks won’t just feel easier-it will be easier.
1．What was Andrew Westbrook’s problem in college
A．He was afraid of pulling teeth. B．He failed to focus on some tasks.
C．He wasn’t smart enough to learn. D．He had a hard time reading books.
2．According to Westbrook, why do hard tasks cause discomfort
A．They go against the brain’s habits. B．They force the brain to work alone.
C．They use more energy to an easy tasks. D．They require to deal with lots of information
3．What does the underlined phrase “mental hurdle” refer to
A．The joy in breaking usual ways. B．The worry about losing attention.
C．The fear of starting something hard. D．The excitement over avoiding challenges.
4．According to the text, how can we make mentally tiring tasks easier
A．Change places regularly. B．Work at different times.
C．Set every task for 15 minutes. D．Consider the positive results.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文主要讲述了科学家 Andrew Westbrook 关于注意力与脑力任务的研究发现及其
应对策略。
1．细节理解题。根据“Twenty years ago, when Andrew Westbrook was in college, he had a hard
time fixing his mind on class.”可知，他很难把注意力集中在课堂上。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Thinking about beginning a hard task feels harder than actually doing it”
和“The brain has to break out of its usual ways, which causes discomfort and makes these tasks
seem harder than they really are.”可知，大脑必须打破其通常的方式，这会导致不舒服，故选
A。
3．词句猜测题。根据“Thinking about beginning a hard task feels harder than actually doing it”
和“This early mental hurdle can lead us to put off the task or even avoid it.”可知，开始一项艰巨
的任务比实际去做更难，这种早期的心理障碍会导致我们推迟任务，甚至逃避任务，此处指
“开始一项艰巨的任务比实际去做更难”，故选 C。
4．细节理解题。根据“For one, he suggests focusing on the good results of completing the task
instead of how hard it will be.”可知，关注好的结果有利于让任务更容易，故选 D。
C
The spring season (季节) brings warm weather, flowers and other changes for people to
enjoy. For some restaurant cooks, the most exciting spring arrival is ramps.
Ramps are a wild (野生的) plant in the eastern mountains of North America. They are one
of the first plants that grow in spring, usually between April and May. They can be easily found
through their long red stem (茎), and long leaves. They are also famous for their strong taste,
similar to onions.
, but they have a long history in the United States. In the Mountains, ramps have
been an important food for a long time. During spring, it is common for small towns in the
Appalachian area to hold large ramp dinners for the local people.
However, over the last 30 years, the popularity (流行) of ramps has grown quickly. Many
nice restaurants in cities like New York and Washington D．C． want them very much.
One reason for their popularity is that they grow in the wild. It is difficult to grow them on
farms. Most restaurants get them from people who collect ramps by searching forests for some
small pieces of land where they grow. Ramps have a short season. Within a few weeks of full
growth, the plant is done for the year. This short life is some reason for their popularity.
And their popularity could cause their disappearance (消失) from the earth. In 1995, the
local government (当地政府) in Quebec, Canada, stopped people selling the plant to restaurants in
order to protect the plant against being over-dug.
The season is short, but it has not ended yet. If you are in the right place, you still have time
to have a taste of ramps yourself.
1．______ is probably the picture of a ramp.
A． B． C． D．
2．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to (指的是) ______.
A．ramp collectors B．ramps C．customers D．restaurants
3．Which of the following sentences can be put in the ______
A．Experts say that ramps were in great danger
B．Ramps are not as famous as other vegetables
C．It cost more to grow ramps than others
D．The government wanted to make money
4．The best title of this passage may be “________”.
A．Ramps can be found in spring B．Don’t dig too many ramps
C．Ramp—a popular wild plant D．Restaurants want ramps
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识、说明文、植物
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北美东部山区的一种野生植物——野葱，包括它的
生长季节、特点、历史、流行原因以及可能面临的消失风险。
1．细节理解题。根据“They can be easily found through their long red stem (茎), and long leaves.”
可知，它们可以通过长长的红色茎和长叶子被轻易找到，所以野葱的特点是长红色茎和长叶
子。故选 A。
2．词句猜测题。根据“One reason for their popularity is that they grow in the wild.”可知，它们
受欢迎的一个原因是它们在野外生长。“they”指的是文章介绍的对象——野葱。故选 B。
3．推理判断题。根据“..., but they have a long history in the United States.”可知，前后句是转
折关系，B 选项“野葱不像其他蔬菜那样有名”符合语境，与后一句“但是在美国有悠久的历
史”形成转折。故选 B。
4．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了野葱的特点、历史、流行原因以及可能面临的消失风险，
因此最佳标题“野葱——一种受欢迎的野生植物”。故选 C。
【拔高试题】
A
Although cliff diving may bring great excitement, it’s a very dangerous sport that people
should be careful about. It is completely wrong to think that the diver is cushioned (缓冲) by the
water below—this could not be further from the truth. When jumping from a cliff that is over 70
feet high, a diver hits the water at over 46 mph (miles per hour). Such high speeds make the point
of contact feel like a wall, so the diving skills are very important.
Professional divers are trained and have good preparation to make dives. However,
nonprofessionals should be really careful because a diver’s body position at the time of contacting
water is very important to his or her safety. Because of the great danger, divers should always
seriously think about their skills before trying any moves.
Although there is no truly safe way to jump off a cliff, non-professional divers are
encouraged to pencil dive. To do a pencil dive, the jumpers leap their feet first off the cliff, keep
arms at their sides with legs together and pointing downward. The diver should keep the body
tight and vertical (垂直的). This is safer because it makes the point of contact smaller when the
diver enters the water and puts less stress on the body.
Wearing a wet suit while diving will result in less pain. So it is wise for new divers to wear
wet suits. But professional divers suggest staying away from water shoes. Although wearing shoes
might seem like a good idea, they actually increase the force of impact because they increase the
surface area of the diver at impact. The increased force of impact puts stress on a diver’s body and
can lead to broken bones. Without a doubt, diving without shoes is the safer way to go.
Besides the height, speed, water depth and body position, it is also important for divers to
make wise decisions when they are thinking about diving. Cliff diving tests both a person’s
physical and mental skills, so it is never a good idea to jump with a sudden idea. A person needs to
be of sound mind and in good health to even think about a dive. One should never try a dive if he
has drunk wine. What’s more, a person should never make someone who is not feeling 100%
confident dive.
1．What does “this could not be further from the truth” mean
A．There’s no doubt that this idea is true.
B．This idea is thought to be completely wrong.
C．Nobody knows whether this idea is true or not.
D．The opinion depends on the real situation on the spot.
2．Why didn’t professional divers suggest wearing shoes
A．Because wearing shoes can certainly lead to broken bones.
B．Because wearing shoes can make the point of contact bigger.
C．Because wearing shoes can cause the diver to feel uncomfortable.
D．Because wearing shoes can put more weight and stress on to the diver.
3．According to the passage, a good cliff diver should be ______.
A．well-prepared and skillful B．professional and strong
C．creative and smart D．confident and brave
4．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ______.
A．everyone should be encouraged to try diving
B．the deeper the water is, the safer the cliff diving will be
C．new divers may be more likely to choose to pencil dive
D．cliff diving is a sport that mainly tests physical strength
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】竞技/比赛、锻炼/健身（个人）、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍了悬崖跳水这一极具刺激性的运动，同时也强调了其危险性。
1．词句猜测题。根据文章中的句子“It is completely wrong to think that the diver is cushioned
by the water below—this could not be further from the truth.”可知，认为潜水员会因下方有水作
为缓冲而安然无恙——这种想法完全是大错特错，实际情况与这简直相去甚远，因此这句话
的意思是“这种想法完全错误”。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章中的句子“Although wearing shoes might seem like a good idea, they
actually increase the force of impact because they increase the surface area of the diver at impact.”
可知，穿鞋会增加接触面积，从而增加冲击力。故选 B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章中的句子“Professional divers are trained and have good preparation to
make dives.”、“Such high speeds make the point of contact feel like a wall, so the diving skills are
very important.”和“Because of the great danger, divers should always seriously think about their
skills before trying any moves.”可知，一个好的悬崖跳水者应该是有准备且技术娴熟的。故选
A。
4．推理判断题。根据文章中的句子“non-professional divers are encouraged to pencil dive”可知，
新手跳水者更可能选择铅笔式跳水。故选 C。
B
Reading is the key to school success, and like any skill, it takes practice. A child learns to
walk by practising until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other.
An excellent sportsman practises until he can play quickly, correctly and without thinking.
Educators call it “automaticity (自动性)”.
A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meanings of the words.
With more and more practice, he stumbles less and less. As a result, he can read phrase by phrase
and soon sentence by sentence. With automaticity, he doesn’t have to think about the meaning of
each word, so that he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text.
It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan
Rossman of Northwestern University found that automatic readers in the first grade not only read
almost three times as fast as the others, but also got better results (成绩) in exams.
According to Rossman, the key to automaticity is the amount of time a child spends
reading, not his IQ. Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books, magazines
or newspapers will probably reach automaticity. It can happen if a child turns off TV just one
night for reading at home.
You can test yourself by reading something new which is suitable for your level. If you read
aloud with expression, with a sense of the meaning of the sentences, you probably are an
automatic reader. If you read brokenly, one word at a time, without expression or meaning, you
need more practice.
1．The underlined word “stumbles” in Paragraph 2 means “_________” in Chinese.
A．结结巴巴地读 B．全神贯注地读
C．心不在焉地读 D．声情并茂地读
2．Children with “automaticity” _________.
A．think about the meaning of each word while reading
B．do not have to think while reading
C．read slowly and quietly
D．pay attention to the meaning of the text
3．According to Rossman, if a child _________, he will possibly be an automatic reader.
A．turns off TV B．reads a text word by word
C．spends four hours reading every week D．has a high IQ
4．The best title for the passage is “_________”.
A．IQ Is the Key to the Automaticity B．TV Is Bad for Children’s Reading
C．Automaticity Depends on Practice D．Automatic Readers Will Be Successful
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】阅读、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了阅读的自动性是通过练习获得的技能，并强调了练
习时间而非智商对培养自动阅读能力的重要性。
1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“With more and more practice, he stumbles less and less.”可知，
随着练习的增加，孩子“stumbles”越来越少，结合后文“read phrase by phrase and soon sentence
by sentence”可推断，“stumbles”指阅读不流畅、结巴。故选 A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“With automaticity, he doesn’t have to think about the meaning
of each word, so that he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text.”可知，具备自动性的
读者会专注于文本整体意义，而非单个单词。故选 D。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading
books, magazines or newspapers will probably reach automaticity.”可知，每周阅读至少 3.5 至 4
小时的儿童，很可能达到阅读自动化水平，成为一个自动阅读者。故选 C。
4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了阅读的自动性是通过练习获得的技能，并
强调了练习时间而非智商对培养自动阅读能力的重要性，选项 C“自动性取决于练习”最符合
本文主旨。故选 C。
C
For more than a month, the world has been very excited about a new AI model called
DeepSeek-R1. The company behind it, also called Deep Seek, is a business based in Hangzhou,
Zhejiang.
The new AI first appeared on Jan 20. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and
became number one free application (应用) in the App Store. What is so special about it
According to Deep Seek, the new AI model is as good at difficult activities like math as
other big-time models. But it needs much less computing power (算力) to do that. It is also the
cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58million yuan) to make.
That is way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions that US businesses have to spend
on making similar AI models, said Marc Andreessen, a technology expert in the US.
The achievement (成就) was largely due to an idea the scientist had while they trained it.
Instead of using the traditional ways, Deep Seek mainly uses Reinforcement Learning (RL, 强化
学习). It helps AI learn by working out the right way to do things on its own to get points. This
makes R1 better at reasoning and solving hard problems.
What's more, DeepSeek-R1 is open-source (开源的). Everyone is free to get a copy of its
code (代码). They can also change the code to meet their own needs. Being open-source is very
important for sharing knowledge and making technology better for everyone, said Liang Wenfeng,
who set up Deep Seek.
1．What is one of the strong points of DeepSeek-R1 compared to other AI models
A．It’s cheaper to develop. B．It’s smarter than others.
C．It’s better at difficult activities. D．It’s quicker in solving problems.
2．How does DeepSeek-R1 learn
A．In a traditional way.
B．Through solving hard problems.
C．By finding the right way to do things by itself.
D．By following all kinds of orders from its creators.
3．Why is it important that DeepSeek-R1 is open-source
A．It makes AI safer. B．It creates new knowledge.
C．It makes AI cheaper. D．It makes the use of AI wider.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．The importance of open-source code. B．The challenges faced by DeepSeek-R1.
C．The differences between AI models. D．The introduction to DeepSeek-R1.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】信息技术、发明与创造、科学技术、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍了 DeepSeek-R1 的优点。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million
US dollars (40.58million yuan) to make.”可知，与其它 AI 模型相比，DeepSeek-R1 的优点之一
是开发成本更低。故选 A。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Instead of using the traditional ways, Deep Seek mainly uses
Reinforcement Learning. It helps AI learn by working out the right way to do things on its own to
get points.”可知，DeepSeek-R1 通过自己找到正确的方法去做事情。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“They can also change the code to meet their own needs. Being
open-source is very important for sharing knowledge and making technology better for everyone”
可知，它使 AI 的应用范围更广。故选 D。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了 DeepSeek-R1 的优点。故选 D。阅读理解之说明文
备战 2025 年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀
生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1. 说明文核心特征
题材广泛：
科技类：人工智能、大数据应用、新能源技术（如贵州大数据产业、光伏发电）。
文化类：少数民族传统技艺（如蜡染、银饰工艺）、非遗保护。
生态类：喀斯特地貌保护、生物多样性（如梵净山生态研究）。
社会类：教育政策（“双减”）、乡村振兴案例（如西江千户苗寨旅游发展）。
结构特点：
总分总结构：首段引出主题，中间分点论述，结尾总结观点。
问题解决型：提出问题→分析原因→提供解决方案（如“如何保护喀斯特地貌”）。
2. 核心难点
专业术语与长难句：
术语干扰：如 algorithm（算法）、carbon footprint（碳足迹）等科技词汇。
复杂句解析：复合句嵌套定语从句、状语从句（如 The village, which is surrounded by
mountains, relies on eco-tourism to boost its economy.）。
细节定位偏差：
偷换概念：选项与原文数据或结论部分一致，但关键信息被替换（如“60%”改为“most”）。
过度推断：需严格依据原文，避免主观联想（如“may”不能等同于“must”）。
逻辑推理题：
隐含因果关系：需结合上下文推断现象背后的原因（如“游客减少”与“生态保护政策”的关
联）。
作者态度判断：通过情感词（如“remarkable”“concerning”）推测作者立场。
文化背景干扰：涉及贵州本土知识的题目（如“屯堡文化”）可能因考生不熟悉而误判。
二、解题步骤
1. 通读全文，把握结构（3 分钟）
定位文章类型：科技说明文、文化类说明文、社会现象分析类。
标记关键信息：
首段主题句、段落首尾句、图表数据（如有）。
反复出现的关键词（如“eco-tourism”“big data”）。
2. 审题与定位
明确题目类型：
细节题：锁定具体数据、术语定义（如“What does ‘carbon footprint’ mean ”）。
推理题：寻找因果链（如“政策实施→游客减少→生态恢复”）。
主旨题：关注首尾段总结句或高频主题词。
定位技巧：利用题干关键词（专有名词、数字）快速扫描原文对应段落。
3. 对比选项与原文
正确选项特征：
细节题：与原文完全一致或同义改写（如“reduce pollution” → “cut down on emissions”）。
推理题：符合逻辑推断（如原文“studies show...” → 选项“research supports this theory”）。
错误选项特征：
无中生有：文中未提及或过度延伸（如原文说“may help”但选项改为“definitely cures”）。
曲解原意：替换关键词（如原文“he regretted his choice” → 选项“he was proud of himself”）。
4. 检查答案，确保逻辑连贯
代入答案后通读全文，验证是否符合说明文客观、逻辑严密的特点。
示例：
原 文 ： Guizhou’s unique karst landforms attract millions of tourists annually. However,
over-tourism has led to environmental degradation. To address this, the government has
implemented strict visitor quotas and promoted eco-friendly tourism.
题目：What is the main purpose of the government’s measures
选项：
A. To increase tourism revenue.
B. To balance tourism development and environmental protection.
C. To promote traditional culture.
答案：B（原文通过“however”表转折，说明政府措施旨在解决生态问题，平衡发展与保护）。
三、预测分析
1、选材方向
科技与生活：AI 在教育中的应用（如智能教学系统）、大数据助力乡村振兴。
本土文化：贵州非遗技艺（如苗族银饰工艺）的传承与创新。
生态保护：喀斯特地区可持续发展案例（如石漠化治理）、世界自然遗产保护（梵净山）。
2、命题趋势
跨学科融合：结合地理（喀斯特地貌）、历史（屯堡文化）等知识点。
图表辅助阅读：增加数据表格、流程图等图文结合题型（如“分析游客数量变化原因”）。
3、高阶思维考查：
隐含观点：通过作者措辞推断态度（如“surprisingly”暗示意外结果）。
多模态文本：结合图片或图表理解说明内容（如“根据示意图描述生态修复步骤”）。
4、难度提升点
术语密集：科技类文章出现高频专业词汇（如 algorithm, renewable energy）。
长难句密集：复合句嵌套逻辑关系（如定语从句+分词结构）。
干扰项迷惑性增强：选项看似合理但与原文细节矛盾（如偷换因果关系）。
四、备考建议
1、高频主题词汇积累：
科技类：artificial intelligence, algorithm, digital transformation.
生态类：sustainable development, carbon emission, eco-tourism.
文化类：intangible cultural heritage, ethnic minorities, traditional craftsmanship.
2、长难句解析训练：
每日精析 1-2 个真题长难句，标注主干与修饰成分（如定语从句、状语）。
总结常见复合句结构（如“It is...that...”强调句）。
3、真题模拟与复盘：
分析近 5 年贵州中考说明文，总结高频考点（如细节题占比约 60%）。
模拟实战：限时 8 分钟/篇，完成后复盘错误类型（如术语误译/逻辑误判）。
4、文化背景拓展：
阅读英文版贵州旅游指南（如《Guizhou: A Journey Through Time》），积累本土表达。
观看纪录片（如《航拍中国·贵州》英文解说），学习文化场景用语。
5、逻辑推理专项：
每日练习 1 篇推理题，总结因果链分析技巧（如“现象→原因→解决方案”）。
五、总结
“阅读理解之说明文”是信息提取、逻辑推理与术语理解的综合考查。2025 年贵州中考可能
更注重本土特色与跨学科知识，考生需通过系统训练强化长难句解析能力，积累科技、生态
类词汇，同时关注数据图表与多模态文本，以应对灵活多变的命题趋势！
【基础试题】
A
Do you know the expression“apple-pie order” It means in perfect order, or very well
organized. Nobody is sure where and when the expression“apple-pie order” began. Some say that
Scottish and English writers used the expression a long time ago. Others say it was first used in
the northeastern American states known as New England.
The housewives of New England cut their apples in even slices (均匀薄片). Then they
filled pie pans (平底锅) with them in an organized way—row upon row. As one writer said,the
women of New England loved to have everything in its place. Maybe this explains why it is
believed that the expression“apple-pie order” began in New England.
At one time, the tomato was called a love apple. That was a mistake. This is how the
mistake happened.
In the sixteenth century, Spain imported (进 口 ) the tomato from South America after
Spanish
Explorers (探险家) had landed there. Spain then exported the tomato to Morocco. Italian
traders carried it on to Italy. The Italian name for the tomato was pomo di Moro—apple of the
Moors.
When French growers imported it from Italy,they thought di Moro meant d’amour,the
French word for love. And so pomo di Moro became the apple of love.
People believe many things about the apple. One belief is that it has great powers of
keeping people healthy. A very common expression is “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”
Another belief is based on fact. The expression is “One rotten apple spoils the barrel.”
When an apple begins to go bad, it ruins (毁坏) all the other apples around it in the container. The
expression has come to mean that one bad person in a group can cause everyone to act bad.
1．How many expressions are talked about in the passage
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
2．What does the underlined part mean
A．Doctors are afraid of eating apples.
B．Doctors think it important to eat an apple every day.
C．If you eat an apple every day, you’ll be healthy.
D．If you go to a doctor, he’ll advise you to eat an apple every day.
3．Which of the following is true
A．Apples can cure diseases.
B．A bad apple can make people ill.
C．“Apple-pie order”began in New England.
D．The tomato used to be called a love apple by the French.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Useful English Expressions B．Apple Expressions and their Stories
C．Different Meanings of Apples D．Different uses of Apples
B
Travelers visiting the Great Wall can now enjoy a new kind of shopping. When it’s time for
lunch, they can get their lunch delivered (配送) by air.
The service is from an App. On August 16, drones started to deliver food to travelers at the
Badaling Great Wall.
Travelers scan a QR code (扫描二维码) in the App. Then they can order food and other
goods such as drinks and medicine. These things will arrive in as little as five minutes.
The drones can take up to 2.3 kilograms every trip. The delivery service is only 4 yuan. The
service will take orders from 10a.m. to 5p.m. Outside business hours, these drones will take waste
(垃圾) back from the Great Wall.
But the drones still need people’s help. When somebody orders food on the Internet, a
worker will pick it up from a nearby store. The food first comes to the Badaling Hotel. There the
workers put it into a box on the drone. The drone then flies to a watchtower (城楼), where another
worker waits to get it. And finally, travelers pick up their food at the watchtower.
1．The text above is very helpful probably for ________.
A．visitors B．doctors C．workers D．performers
2．How long is the service open each day
A．For five minutes. B．For seven hours.
C．For six minutes. D．For eight hours.
3．In the last two paragraphs, the writer wants to tell us ________.
A．where people work B．how people help drones
C．where drones fly D．how drones deliver food
4．How is the text organized (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2,…)
A． B． C． D．
C
Water is one of the most important substances (物质) on Earth. Without water, humans,
animals even plants would die. About 70 per cent of our body weight is water. People have lived
for a month or more without food, but we could live for only three or four days without water.
How much water do animals and plants need A human may need 2 liters (升) per day, a
cow needs 135 liters per day and a large tree requires 20, 000 liters a day.
How do we people use water We drink water. We wash our bodies, our clothes and many
other things with water. The foods we eat have water in them, and all our drinks are largely water.
We use water to cook many of our foods, and we use water for different activities, such as boating,
swimming and fishing.
Plants need water to live just like we do. Plants use their roots to take up water from the
soil. The crops that farmers grow for our food need water to grow. In some places where there is
little rain and the land is dry, farmers bring water from rivers, lakes and wells to their fields. It’s
called irrigation (灌溉). Some crops need more water to grow than others. Rice and cotton, for
example, need lots of water, while olives and oranges need only a little.
Animals also need water to live. The animals that provide us with meat, milk and eggs need
large amounts of clean water to drink. Water is also home to millions of plants and animals,
including the fish we eat.
Some industries use water to cool hot substances or the moving parts of machines. Water
also helps to produce most of our electricity (电). In hydro-electric power stations (水电站) the
water of fast-flowing rivers is used to turn the machines that produce electricity.
Water is used to make many kinds of food and many of the things we see or use every day.
1．Which of the following can be called roots
A． B． C． D．
2．What does the picture in the passage want to tell us
A．Water is seriously polluted. B．Water is needed everywhere.
C．Water is limited on our earth. D．Water is used in the industry.
3．What can we know about water according to the passage
A．Animals can live longer than humans without water.
B．Different kinds of plants need the same amount of water.
C．Irrigation gives farmers chances to grow crops in dry places.
D．Hydro-electric power stations can be seen in many countries.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．The qualities of water. B．The background of water.
C．The usages of water. D．The production of water.
【提升试题】
A
Have you ever experienced a time when people started stocking up (囤积) on things like
food, soap and even toilet paper Although they know it is out of panic (恐慌), people still can’t
help doing it. There are psychological and social reasons behind this.
According to Paul Marsden, a psychologist at the University of the Arts London, buying
gives people a feeling of control. It’s about “taking back control” in a world where you feel out of
control. In psychology, there is the idea of “retail therapy (购物疗法)”. It means people control
their feelings by buying things.
As social animals, we often follow what others are doing when things get harder. Marsden
added that when people see photos of things that are sold out, it sends a message to people that
stocking up is what they need to do.
Still, it’s hard to understand why people would stock up on toilet paper.
People aren’t sometimes sure about what they should buy during a hard time. He said that
when shoppers walk into a supermarket, they are looking for good deals (实 惠 ) and large
quantities (数量). Then, the toilet paper draws them.
When toilet paper is sold out, the shelves will look emptier than those of other goods. When
traditional and social media keep showing this, it leads more people to stock up on it.
1．Why do people often stock up on things according to Paul Marsden
A．It makes them feel they are in control. B．They like to show their buying power.
C．They think it’s fun to buy lots of things. D．It allows them to control those in need.
2．What are people likely to do when they see sold-out photos in the market according to Paul
Marsden
A．Continue buying what they need. B．Feel unhappy and stop shopping.
C．Sell what they have to make money. D．Try to stock up on similar things.
3．Why can toilet paper draw people’s attention according to Paragraph 5
A．Because it is a symbol of a good life.
B．Because it is a must in people’s daily life.
C．Because it is cheap and in large quantities.
D．Because there aren’t many goods to choose from.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．How we can stop panic buying. B．The reasons behind panic buying.
C．The advantages of shopping therapy. D．What people usually do during hard times.
B
Twenty years ago, when Andrew Westbrook was in college, he had a hard time fixing his
mind on class. He certainly had the ability to focus. For example, when he got lost in a good book,
thinking felt easy. But when it came to some other mental (脑 力 的 ) tasks, thinking was like
pulling teeth and his attention was off.
Westbrook is now a scientist. His research is challenging old ideas about why we can’t keep
our attention on certain tasks.
For years, scientists thought that mentally tiring tasks like solving math problems required
more energy than easier ones like looking out of the window. As a result, these harder tasks would
make us run out of energy and lose focus more quickly.
However, Westbrook’s research suggests our brain is always working hard. Even when we
are just looking around a room, our brain is dealing with lots of information and using lots of
energy. But we don’t find these tasks tiring. The real problem is that difficult tasks require
different brain regions to work together in new patterns. The brain has to break out of its usual
ways, which causes discomfort and makes these tasks seem harder than they really are.
“Thinking about beginning a hard task feels harder than actually doing it,” Westbrook says.
This early mental hurdle can lead us to put off the task or even avoid it. “If we can get over this
hurdle, thinking will become easier,” he adds.
Westbrook’s team has found ways to help us do that. For one, he suggests focusing on the
good results of completing the task instead of how hard it will be. We can also try to get into “flow
(心 流 )”. When people are in “flow”, they seem not to care how hard the task is. One key to
entering “flow” is to reduce uncertainty. Before writing a book report, for example, you can set
yourself a goal, like finishing it in 15 minutes. Finally, it can help to make these mentally tiring
tasks a habit. Try doing them at the same time and place every day or week. After a few weeks,
focusing on these tasks won’t just feel easier-it will be easier.
1．What was Andrew Westbrook’s problem in college
A．He was afraid of pulling teeth. B．He failed to focus on some tasks.
C．He wasn’t smart enough to learn. D．He had a hard time reading books.
2．According to Westbrook, why do hard tasks cause discomfort
A．They go against the brain’s habits. B．They force the brain to work alone.
C．They use more energy to an easy tasks. D．They require to deal with lots of information
3．What does the underlined phrase “mental hurdle” refer to
A．The joy in breaking usual ways. B．The worry about losing attention.
C．The fear of starting something hard. D．The excitement over avoiding challenges.
4．According to the text, how can we make mentally tiring tasks easier
A．Change places regularly. B．Work at different times.
C．Set every task for 15 minutes. D．Consider the positive results.
C
The spring season (季节) brings warm weather, flowers and other changes for people to
enjoy. For some restaurant cooks, the most exciting spring arrival is ramps.
Ramps are a wild (野生的) plant in the eastern mountains of North America. They are one
of the first plants that grow in spring, usually between April and May. They can be easily found
through their long red stem (茎), and long leaves. They are also famous for their strong taste,
similar to onions.
, but they have a long history in the United States. In the Mountains, ramps have
been an important food for a long time. During spring, it is common for small towns in the
Appalachian area to hold large ramp dinners for the local people.
However, over the last 30 years, the popularity (流行) of ramps has grown quickly. Many
nice restaurants in cities like New York and Washington D．C． want them very much.
One reason for their popularity is that they grow in the wild. It is difficult to grow them on
farms. Most restaurants get them from people who collect ramps by searching forests for some
small pieces of land where they grow. Ramps have a short season. Within a few weeks of full
growth, the plant is done for the year. This short life is some reason for their popularity.
And their popularity could cause their disappearance (消失) from the earth. In 1995, the
local government (当地政府) in Quebec, Canada, stopped people selling the plant to restaurants in
order to protect the plant against being over-dug.
The season is short, but it has not ended yet. If you are in the right place, you still have time
to have a taste of ramps yourself.
1．______ is probably the picture of a ramp.
A． B． C． D．
2．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to (指的是) ______.
A．ramp collectors B．ramps C．customers D．restaurants
3．Which of the following sentences can be put in the ______
A．Experts say that ramps were in great danger
B．Ramps are not as famous as other vegetables
C．It cost more to grow ramps than others
D．The government wanted to make money
4．The best title of this passage may be “________”.
A．Ramps can be found in spring B．Don’t dig too many ramps
C．Ramp—a popular wild plant D．Restaurants want ramps
【拔高试题】
A
Although cliff diving may bring great excitement, it’s a very dangerous sport that people
should be careful about. It is completely wrong to think that the diver is cushioned (缓冲) by the
water below—this could not be further from the truth. When jumping from a cliff that is over 70
feet high, a diver hits the water at over 46 mph (miles per hour). Such high speeds make the point
of contact feel like a wall, so the diving skills are very important.
Professional divers are trained and have good preparation to make dives. However,
nonprofessionals should be really careful because a diver’s body position at the time of contacting
water is very important to his or her safety. Because of the great danger, divers should always
seriously think about their skills before trying any moves.
Although there is no truly safe way to jump off a cliff, non-professional divers are
encouraged to pencil dive. To do a pencil dive, the jumpers leap their feet first off the cliff, keep
arms at their sides with legs together and pointing downward. The diver should keep the body
tight and vertical (垂直的). This is safer because it makes the point of contact smaller when the
diver enters the water and puts less stress on the body.
Wearing a wet suit while diving will result in less pain. So it is wise for new divers to wear
wet suits. But professional divers suggest staying away from water shoes. Although wearing shoes
might seem like a good idea, they actually increase the force of impact because they increase the
surface area of the diver at impact. The increased force of impact puts stress on a diver’s body and
can lead to broken bones. Without a doubt, diving without shoes is the safer way to go.
Besides the height, speed, water depth and body position, it is also important for divers to
make wise decisions when they are thinking about diving. Cliff diving tests both a person’s
physical and mental skills, so it is never a good idea to jump with a sudden idea. A person needs to
be of sound mind and in good health to even think about a dive. One should never try a dive if he
has drunk wine. What’s more, a person should never make someone who is not feeling 100%
confident dive.
1．What does “this could not be further from the truth” mean
A．There’s no doubt that this idea is true.
B．This idea is thought to be completely wrong.
C．Nobody knows whether this idea is true or not.
D．The opinion depends on the real situation on the spot.
2．Why didn’t professional divers suggest wearing shoes
A．Because wearing shoes can certainly lead to broken bones.
B．Because wearing shoes can make the point of contact bigger.
C．Because wearing shoes can cause the diver to feel uncomfortable.
D．Because wearing shoes can put more weight and stress on to the diver.
3．According to the passage, a good cliff diver should be ______.
A．well-prepared and skillful B．professional and strong
C．creative and smart D．confident and brave
4．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ______.
A．everyone should be encouraged to try diving
B．the deeper the water is, the safer the cliff diving will be
C．new divers may be more likely to choose to pencil dive
D．cliff diving is a sport that mainly tests physical strength
B
Reading is the key to school success, and like any skill, it takes practice. A child learns to
walk by practising until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other.
An excellent sportsman practises until he can play quickly, correctly and without thinking.
Educators call it “automaticity (自动性)”.
A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meanings of the words.
With more and more practice, he stumbles less and less. As a result, he can read phrase by phrase
and soon sentence by sentence. With automaticity, he doesn’t have to think about the meaning of
each word, so that he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text.
It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan
Rossman of Northwestern University found that automatic readers in the first grade not only read
almost three times as fast as the others, but also got better results (成绩) in exams.
According to Rossman, the key to automaticity is the amount of time a child spends
reading, not his IQ. Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books, magazines
or newspapers will probably reach automaticity. It can happen if a child turns off TV just one
night for reading at home.
You can test yourself by reading something new which is suitable for your level. If you read
aloud with expression, with a sense of the meaning of the sentences, you probably are an
automatic reader. If you read brokenly, one word at a time, without expression or meaning, you
need more practice.
1．The underlined word “stumbles” in Paragraph 2 means “_________” in Chinese.
A．结结巴巴地读 B．全神贯注地读
C．心不在焉地读 D．声情并茂地读
2．Children with “automaticity” _________.
A．think about the meaning of each word while reading
B．do not have to think while reading
C．read slowly and quietly
D．pay attention to the meaning of the text
3．According to Rossman, if a child _________, he will possibly be an automatic reader.
A．turns off TV B．reads a text word by word
C．spends four hours reading every week D．has a high IQ
4．The best title for the passage is “_________”.
A．IQ Is the Key to the Automaticity B．TV Is Bad for Children’s Reading
C．Automaticity Depends on Practice D．Automatic Readers Will Be Successful
C
For more than a month, the world has been very excited about a new AI model called
DeepSeek-R1. The company behind it, also called Deep Seek, is a business based in Hangzhou,
Zhejiang.
The new AI first appeared on Jan 20. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and
became number one free application (应用) in the App Store. What is so special about it
According to Deep Seek, the new AI model is as good at difficult activities like math as
other big-time models. But it needs much less computing power (算力) to do that. It is also the
cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58million yuan) to make.
That is way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions that US businesses have to spend
on making similar AI models, said Marc Andreessen, a technology expert in the US.
The achievement (成就) was largely due to an idea the scientist had while they trained it.
Instead of using the traditional ways, Deep Seek mainly uses Reinforcement Learning (RL, 强化
学习). It helps AI learn by working out the right way to do things on its own to get points. This
makes R1 better at reasoning and solving hard problems.
What's more, DeepSeek-R1 is open-source (开源的). Everyone is free to get a copy of its
code (代码). They can also change the code to meet their own needs. Being open-source is very
important for sharing knowledge and making technology better for everyone, said Liang Wenfeng,
who set up Deep Seek.
1．What is one of the strong points of DeepSeek-R1 compared to other AI models
A．It’s cheaper to develop. B．It’s smarter than others.
C．It’s better at difficult activities. D．It’s quicker in solving problems.
2．How does DeepSeek-R1 learn
A．In a traditional way.
B．Through solving hard problems.
C．By finding the right way to do things by itself.
D．By following all kinds of orders from its creators.
3．Why is it important that DeepSeek-R1 is open-source
A．It makes AI safer. B．It creates new knowledge.
C．It makes AI cheaper. D．It makes the use of AI wider.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．The importance of open-source code. B．The challenges faced by DeepSeek-R1.
C．The differences between AI models. D．The introduction to DeepSeek-R1.
