沪教版（五四学制）（2024）六年级下册英语Unit6 Famous people in history
词汇专项训练（含解析）
一、用括号内所给的中文正确形式填空（每小题1分，共20分）
1. A ________ (科学家) is someone who conducts scientific research.
2. The company will ________ (出版；发行) a new magazine next month.
3. The ________ (学说；理论) of relativity was put forward by Einstein.
4. Edison ________(发明；创造) the electric light bulb.
5. These________ (廉价的；不贵的) products are very popular among consumers.
6. The________ (电灯泡) in the room went out, and it became dark.
7. Columbus ________ (发现) America in 1492.
8. He is a________ (全体的；总的) manager of a large company.
9. The ________ (聪明的；机敏的) boy solved the difficult math problem quickly.
10. Bell is a famous________ (发明者；发明家) of the telephone.
11. We should try our best to be a ________ (救助者；救星) of the environment.
12. ________(医学；药) is a very important subject for doctors.
13. We should ________(花（时间）；度过) more time with our family.
14. The________ (生病的；有病的) child needs to see a doctor.
15. ________ (青霉素) is widely used in the treatment of diseases.
16. The________(军人；士兵) stood at attention, looking very serious.
17. Don't ________(遗失；丢失) your key, or you can't enter the room.
18. I________ (钦佩；赞赏；仰慕) him for his bravery.
19. ________ (药草；香草) can be used in cooking and medicine.
20. ________ (请再说一遍) me, but I didn't catch your meaning.
二、根据句意及首字母提示填空（每小题1分，共20分）
1. He is a great c______ who has made many changes in the company.
2. The d______ of a new planet has excited the whole scientific community.
3. We should learn from the i______ who have made great contributions to society.
4. The r______ reason for his success is his hard work.
5. The p______ in this area is sometimes unstable.
6. The old man d______ peacefully in his sleep last night.
7. His successful e______ in business made him a wealthy man.
8. The storyteller told us a very interesting s______ just now.
9. Li Bai wrote many famous p______ in his life.
10. The actors a______ very well in the play last night.
11. The p______ family can't afford to send their children to school.
12. The t______ tells a sad story about love and death.
13. She wants to c______ a new world record in the coming competition.
14. The c______ in this play are very vivid and impressive.
15. The singer will perform on the s______ tonight.
16. M______ of people watched the live broadcast of the event.
17. Please m______ the place on the map where you found the treasure.
18. We should try to improve our English l______ every day.
19. We won't stop working u______ we finish the task.
20. W______ the box and see how heavy it is.
三、单项选择题（每小题1分，共15分）
( ) 1. Thomas Edison is a famous ______ who invented many useful things.
A. scientist B. inventor C. storyteller D. general
( ) 2. The company plans to ______ a new product next year.
A. publish B. invent C. discover D. change
( ) 3. The ______ of gravity was discovered by Newton.
A. theory B. story C. poem D. tragedy
( ) 4. This kind of car is ______, so many people can afford it.
A. expensive B. inexpensive C. smart D. real
( ) 5. The little boy is very ______. He can solve many difficult problems.
A. sick B. poor C. smart D. sad
( ) 6. The ______ saved the child from the burning building.
A. saver B. scientist C. inventor D. soldier
( ) 7. We should ______ more time on our studies.
A. spend B. take C. cost D. pay
( ) 8. The ______ child needs to rest in bed.
A. sick B. poor C. smart D. good
( ) 9. I ______ him for his kindness and honesty.
A. admire B. lose C. discover D. invent
( ) 10. Can you ______ me for being late
A. herb B. pardon C. pain D. beg
( ) 11. The ______ told us a wonderful story last night.
A. doctor B. soldier C. storyteller D. inventor
( ) 12. Many famous ______ were written by Shelley.
A. poems B. plays C. novels D. stories
( ) 13. The actors will ______ on the stage tonight.
A. act B. create C. change D. discover
( ) 14. The ______ family has no money to buy food.
A. rich B. poor C. smart D. sick
( ) 15. The writer wants to ______ a new character in his novel.
A. weigh B. mark C. create D. invent
四、短文填空，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空（每小题1分，共10分）
There was once a great______ (invent) named Robert. He was very______(smart) and had many new ideas. He spent most of his time in his lab, trying to ______(invent) useful things.
One day, he ______ (discover) a new way to make light bulbs. These bulbs were ______(expensive) and more energy - saving. His ______ (invent) soon became popular all over the world. People______ (admire) him for his great work.
Robert also believed in helping others. He used some of his money to help ______(sick) people. He thought it was his duty to be a ______(save) for those in need. He hoped that his ______ (discover) and ______ (invent) could make the world a better place.
五、完型填空（每小题1分，共10分）
In history, there were many famous people who made great contributions. Take Leonardo da Vinci for example. He was not only a great artist but also a 1.______ scientist. He had a wide range of interests and made many important 2. ______in different fields.
Da Vinci spent a lot of time 3. ______nature. He made detailed drawings of plants, animals, and human bodies. His 4.______of human anatomy was far ahead of his time. He also had some 5. ______ideas about engineering and architecture.
Many of his inventions were very 6.______. For example, he designed flying machines long before the 7.______of the airplane. Although some of his ideas couldn't be realized at that time, they were still very 8. ______.
Da Vinci's works and ideas have 9. ______the world greatly. People still 10.______him today for his talent and creativity. He is truly a great figure in history.
( ) 1. A. general B. sick C. poor D. real
( ) 2. A. stories B. poems C. discoveries D. tragedies
( ) 3. A. inventing B. studying C. changing D. publishing
( ) 4. A. power B. herb C. pardon D. understanding
( ) 5. A. smart B. inexpensive C. sad D. sick
( ) 6. A. traditional B. ancient C. advanced D. expensive
( ) 7. A. theory B. invention C. discovery D. culture
( ) 8. A. useless B. boring C. tiring D. valuable
( ) 9. A. changed B. lost C. admired D. weighed
( ) 10. A. lose B. spend C. admire D. create一、用括号内所给的中文正确形式填空（每小题1分，共20分）
1. scientist
解析：“科学家”对应英文“scientist”，注意与“发明家（inventor）”区分。
2. publish
解析：“出版；发行”用动词“publish”，后接“magazine”作宾语。
3. theory
解析：“学说；理论”用“theory”，“the theory of relativity”为固定搭配（相对论）。
4. invented
解析：“发明”用“invent”，爱迪生发明电灯泡是过去动作，用过去式。
5. inexpensive
解析：“廉价的”用“inexpensive”，与“expensive”为反义词，修饰“products”。
6. bulb
解析：“电灯泡”为“bulb”，“light bulb”为常见搭配。
7. discovered
解析：“发现”用“discover”，哥伦布发现美洲是历史事件，用过去式。
8. general
解析：“全体的；总的”用“general”，“general manager”意为“总经理”。
9. smart
解析：“聪明的”用“smart”，修饰“boy”，可与“clever”替换。
10. inventor
解析：“发明者”用“inventor”，贝尔是电话的发明者，注意与“科学家（scientist）”区分。
11. saver
解析：“救助者”用“saver”，“a saver of the environment”意为“环境的拯救者”。
12. Medicine
解析：“医学；药”用“medicine”，句首首字母大写。
13. spend
解析：“花（时间）”用“spend”，“spend time with sb.”为固定短语。
14. sick
解析：“生病的”用“sick”，可作定语修饰“child”，“ill”通常作表语。
15. Penicillin
解析：“青霉素”为专有名词“Penicillin”，首字母需大写。
16. soldier
解析：“军人；士兵”用“soldier”，“stood at attention”意为“立正”。
17. lose
解析：“遗失；丢失”用“lose”，“Don’t”后接动词原形。
18. admire
解析：“钦佩”用“admire”，“admire sb. for sth.”为固定搭配。
19. Herb
解析：“药草；香草”用“herb”，句首首字母大写。
20. Pardon
解析：“请再说一遍”用“pardon”，“Pardon me”为常用礼貌用语。
二、根据句意及首字母提示填空（每小题1分，共20分）
1. changer
解析：“带来许多改变的人”用“changer”，注意与“change”（动词）的词性区分。
2. discovery
解析：“发现”用名词“discovery”，作主语，与“invention”（发明）区分。
3. inventors
解析：“做出贡献的发明家”用复数“inventors”，与“scientists”区分。
4. real
解析：“真正的原因”用“real reason”，“real”修饰名词。
5. power
解析：“电力不稳定”用“power”，“power”可表示“电力供应”。
6. died
解析：“去世”用“die”，过去式“died”，“peacefully in his sleep”意为“在睡梦中平静地”。
7. effort
解析：“成功的努力”用“effort”，不可数名词，“make effort in”意为“在……努力”。
8. story
解析：“讲故事的人讲有趣的故事”用“story”，与“tale”近义。
9. poems
解析：“李白写诗歌”用“poem”，复数形式“poems”，注意与“prose”（散文）区分。
10. acted
解析：“表演”用“act”，过去式“acted”，“act in the play”意为“在剧中表演”。
11. poor
解析：“贫穷的家庭”用“poor”，与“rich”为反义词。
12. tragedy
解析：“讲述爱情与死亡的悲剧”用“tragedy”，与“comedy”（喜剧）区分。
13. create
解析：“创造新的世界纪录”用“create”，“create a record”为固定搭配。
14. characters
解析：“剧中的角色”用“character”，复数形式“characters”，指戏剧中的人物。
15. stage
解析：“在舞台上表演”用“stage”，“perform on the stage”为常见搭配。
16. Millions
解析：“数百万的人”用“millions of”，注意首字母大写及复数形式。
17. mark
解析：“在地图上标记地点”用“mark”，动词原形，“mark the place”意为“标出位置”。
18. level
解析：“提高英语水平”用“level”，“English level”为固定短语。
19. until
解析：“直到完成任务才停止工作”用“until”，“not...until...”为固定句型。
20. Weigh
解析：“称重盒子”用“weigh”，句首首字母大写，动词原形开头为祈使句。
三、单项选择题（每小题1分，共15分）
1. B. inventor
解析：爱迪生是“发明家”，“inventor”对应“invented many useful things”，故选B。
2. A. publish
解析：“出版新产品”用“publish”，“invent”（发明）、“discover”（发现）不符语境，故选A。
3. A. theory
解析：牛顿发现的是“万有引力理论”，“theory”符合，故选A。
4. B. inexpensive
解析：“许多人买得起”说明车“廉价”，“inexpensive”符合，故选B。
5. C. smart
解析：能解决难题的男孩是“聪明的”，“smart”符合，故选C。
6. A. saver
解析：“从着火建筑救出孩子的人”是“救助者”，“saver”符合，故选A。
7. A. spend
解析：“在学习上花时间”用“spend time on sth.”，固定搭配，故选A。
8. A. sick
解析：“需要卧床休息的孩子”是“生病的”，“sick”作定语，故选A。
9. A. admire
解析：“钦佩某人的善良和诚实”用“admire sb. for sth.”，固定搭配，故选A。
10. B. pardon
解析：“原谅迟到”用“pardon sb. for sth.”，固定短语，故选B。
11. C. storyteller
解析：“讲故事的人”是“storyteller”，与“story”对应，故选C。
12. A. poems
解析：雪莱是诗人，“poems”符合，故选A。
13. A. act
解析：“在舞台上表演”用“act”，“act”作动词意为“表演”，故选A。
14. B. poor
解析：“没钱买食物的家庭”是“贫穷的”，“poor”符合，故选B。
15. C. create
解析：“在小说中创造新角色”用“create”，“create a character”为固定搭配，故选C。
四、短文填空，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空（每小题1分，共10分）
1. inventor
解析：主语“Robert”是人物，“发明家”用名词“inventor”。
2. smart
解析：描述人物特质用形容词“smart”，作表语。
3. invent
解析：“try to do sth.”结构，动词原形“invent”，意为“尝试发明”。
4. discovered
解析：过去时间“one day”用过去式“discovered”，“发现新方法”。
5. inexpensive
解析：与“energysaving”并列，“廉价的灯泡”用“inexpensive”。
6. invention
解析：名词“invention”作主语，指“发明的灯泡”。
7. admired
解析：过去式“admired”，“人们钦佩他”为过去动作。
8. sick
解析：形容词“sick”修饰“people”，“生病的人”。
9. saver
解析：名词“saver”作表语，“成为救助者”。
10. discovery / inventions
解析：“发现”和“发明”用名词形式，“discovery”（可数）和“inventions”（复数），与前文呼应。
五、完型填空（每小题1分，共10分）
1. D. real
解析：“真正的科学家”用“real”，修饰“scientist”，强调真实性。
2. C. discoveries
解析：“在不同领域做出重要发现”用“discoveries”，与“inventions”区分。
3. B. studying
解析：“花时间研究自然”用“spend time doing sth.”，“studying”符合语境。
4. D. understanding
解析：“对人体解剖学的理解”用“understanding”，“a good understanding of”为固定搭配。
5. A. smart
解析：“聪明的想法”用“smart”，修饰“ideas”，与“wise”近义。
6. C. advanced
解析：“超前的发明”用“advanced”，与“ahead of his time”呼应。
7. B. invention
解析：“飞机的发明”用“invention”，强调从无到有的创造。
8. D. valuable
解析：“尽管未实现但有价值”用“valuable”，与“useless”反义。
9. A. changed
解析：“改变世界”用“changed”，过去分词与“have”构成完成时。
10. C. admire
解析：“至今仍钦佩他”用“admire”，一般现在时，主语“people”为复数。
