二轮复习之语法专项
名 词
中考考点解读
分析近5年中考真题可看出,对名词的考查主要出现在单选、完形填空、词汇运用、语法填空中。其中名词词义辨析、名词拼写、根据所给名词填空为高频考点。
2025年备考应全面复习名词词义辨析、名词的数、名词所有格的用法。
教学目标：
1.通过复习熟练掌握名词的一词多义和近义词辨析
2.正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。
3.掌握可数名词复数的构成。
4.掌握名词所有格。
考点一 名词词义辨析
有些名词在不同的语言环境中有不同的词义。词义辨析题旨在考查
学生能否通过对上下文的理解，使用合适的词汇，考查形式主要有以下
三种：
利用语境扩大词汇运用量
1．一词多义
一词多义指某个名词具有两种或两种以上的常见意义，在不同的语言环
境中有不同的意义。
story 故事；另一回事 fish鱼；鱼肉
chicken小鸡；鸡肉 paper纸；报纸；试卷
glass玻璃；玻璃杯 light电灯；光
2．近义词辨析
近义词指某几个名词在意义上比较相近，但使用范围有差别。英语中的近义词比较多，考试中出现频率较高的近义词有以下几组：
person, people, human人
message, information信息
street, road, way路
travel, trip, journey旅行
competition, game, match比赛
home, family, house家
problem, question, trouble问
clothing, clothes, dress衣服
job, work工作
sound, voice, noise声音
advice，suggestion 建议
3．语境辨词
语境辨词就是运用我们的生活经验、知识积累，根据上下文推测出
空格处所要表达的意思，从而选出正确的词语，如我们渴了就需要水
(water)、饮料(tea, coffee, juice等)；饿了就需要食物(bread, rice, meat,
cake等)；我们寄信需要去post office；取钱需要去bank。
I'm thirsty, Mom. Could you give me some water to drink？
妈妈，我渴了。你可以给我点水喝吗？
中考实战·单词拼写
1. With the teachers’ help, he has made great p________ in his studies.
2. The students studying abroad had to make a c________ whether to return or to stay.
3. Her h__________include painting, gardening and stamp collecting.
4. There is a photo show on the history of CPC in our city_________ (博物馆).
5．My friend gave me some a__________ on how to keep a pet.
6．Our city received a lot of v_____ during May Day holiday.
7．Kate’s room is in good o_____ and everything is in its proper place.
8．My family went to a _____ （音乐会）and had a good time.
9. The police often have to make a quick d________ on how to act.
10.We all took p_______ in the astronauts in Shenzhou 17, who landed safe on April 30.
11. My grandma loved all her grandchildren, but I was her ________ (最爱).
考点二 名词的数
名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词。
字母变化：男女孩子的脚踩住鹅和老鼠的牙
各国人变复数：
中日不变英法变，其余s加后面 单复数同形：中日鹿鱼羊
不规则变化 个体名词 可数名词 规则变化（ ※ 重点）
名词的数
指整体时，视为单数
指组成集体的各个成员时，视为复数
集体名词
不可数名词 计量：基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词
一、可数名词的复数形式
1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，可数名词的复数形式的变化规则如下：
【巧学妙记】——名词复数的规则变化
(1)以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v加-es：
树叶（leaf） 半数(half) 自己(self) 黄，
妻子(wife) 拿刀(knife) 去杀狼(wolf)，
架(shelf) 后小偷(thief) 逃命(life)忙。
(2)一句话巧记以o结尾名词复数加-es的单词：
黑人（negro） 英雄(hero) 爱吃西红柿(tomato) 和土豆(potato)。
(3)名词复数的不规则变化：
①字母变化：男女孩子的脚踩住鹅和老鼠的牙。
man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet,
mouse-mice, tooth-teeth，goose-geese.
②各国人变复数：中日不变英法变，其余后面加s。
Chinese, Japanese 单复数同形；补充：deer 鹿， fish 鱼，sheep 羊（注：fish表示鱼的种类时，其复数形式是 fishes）
Englishman, Frenchman中man变为men；
其余各国人，如German, American, Indian等均在后面直接加-s。
2.可数名词中的集体名词的单复数问题
(1)常见的集体名词
family 家庭，people 人们， class 班级， police 警察， nation 民族 等。
(2)具体单复数用法
①集体名词指整体时，视为单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Her family is going to move. 她家要搬走了。
②集体名词指组成集体的各个成员时，则视为复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Her family are football fans. 她全家人都是足球迷。
二、不可数名词的数
1．概述：不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有复数形式，也不能用a/an或数词修饰,这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。
2.不可数名词的量化表达
(1)表示不定数量时,一般用some, much, a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。
如: much water, a little milk, some orange juice
(2)表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当前面的数词大于1时,后面的量词要变为复数。
如:一张纸 a piece of paper
两杯水 two glasses of water ,
十袋米 ten bags of rice
既可数又不可数的名词
分析近6年山东日照中考真题可知，名词的数考查大多数在语法填空中。答题时，可参考以下解题步骤：
步骤一 确定空格处填名词
1．根据题干所给的汉语提示词和首字母判断。
2．根据语境判断。山东日照中考会涉及对既可作动词又可作名词的双词性的词的考查，这类词仅通过汉语提示词无法判断填名词还是动词，需要通过语境和句子结构进行判断。
步骤二 判断是可数名词还是不可数名词
步骤三 判断可数名词单复数
对于不可数名词，可直接将单词带入句中验证。对于可数名词，则需进一步确认所填单词是否有数的变化。判断方法如下：
1．上下文语境
2．固定搭配
3．空格前的基数词、不定冠词、many等词
4．生活常识
5．俗语谚语
例：Do you like white We have shirts of different ______(颜色)
解析：根据句意，可确定单词为名词color;为可数名词；通过前面的shirts和different两词可确定此处应为复数colors.
中考实战·单词拼写
1. Make sure there are no _______ (错误) in your test paper before handing it in.
2. Her h__________include painting, gardening and stamp collecting.
3．National parks give a safe home to local plants and __________ (动物).
4．Our city received a lot of v_____ during May Day holiday.
5．Kate’s room is in good o_____ and everything is in its proper place.
6．My family went to a _____ （音乐会）and had a good time.
7. Check for spelling ________ (错误) before turning in your papers.
中考实战·语法填空
8.That act of ______(kind) not only got me happier, but also made the gentleman feel better about himself.
9.I had to leave the room after only a couple of ________ (minute).
10.Then I thought of the scenes that I had seen in Hollywood 46______ (movie).
11.After seven 49_______（month）of full backpacking in Africa from Cape Town to Cairo, I realized having a student-like mind helped me learn a lot,
考点三 名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
一、's所有格
构成方法 举例
表示人或其他有生命的名词常在词尾加“ ’s ” Children’s Day（儿童节）， my sister’s book（我姐姐的书）
以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加 “ ’ ” Teachers’ Day（教师节）
两者或多个人共同拥有的只在最后一个名词词尾加-’s; 若各自所有的，在各名词后都加-’s Jane and Helen’s room(共同的房间) David’s and Bob’s mothers(各自的母亲)
在表示“店铺”“某某家”“诊所”的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。 at the barber's (shop) 在理发店 at the doctor's (office) 在医院
表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等无生命的名词也可以在词尾加 ’ s 构成所有格 today’s paper 今天的报纸 China’s history 中国的历史 five minutes’ walk 五分钟路程
二、of 所有格
表示无生命的东西的名词，一般均可用“of+名词”的介词短语表示所有关系
a map of China （一张中国地图） the center of the city 市中心
三、双重所有格
英语中名词所有格有时可以在前面加of构成的短语，这种结构称为双重所有格。
双重所有格有两种形式： of＋名词所有格； of＋名词性物主代词
a friend of my sister's 我姐姐的一个朋友
a dictionary of mine 我的一部词典
【巧学妙记】名词所有格的用法
英语名词所有格，表示某物是“谁的”
所有格构成方法，多数把’ s 加，
复数词尾有s，只加“’”就OK，
名词若为无生命，常把of来运用，
时间、地点和距离，所有格也可用’ s。
中考实战·语法填空
1.Many schools care more about _________(student) grades instead of developing their personality.
2.If I leave my house at 9 o’clock and drive to the airport,I’ll arrive at about 11. So it’s about two ________ drive from my house to the airport.
A. hours’ B. hour’s C. hours
3. “This AI is like a teacher and meets each ______ (student) needs,” Qiu said.
中考单词拼写巩固题
1． Eating less and exercising more can greatly improve your h________．
2． Lu Jiulei, 14, from Hangzhou, became the w________ of the CCTV Chinese Character Spelling Contest.
3．Almost half of the global ________(人口) is looking forward to the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
4．The garbage ________(短信) on cellphones are polluting the teens.
5．There are too many p________ in a bus and the air in it is dirty. I choose to travel by train.
6．A bite of China is a program on CCTV introducing food ________(文化) of China.
7．Thousands of v________ come to our city for sightseeing every year.
8．The dog floating(漂流) on the sea was found and carried to ________(安全) in the end after the earthquake.
9. Tianjin plans to start a smart city program to deal with t_______jams.
10. Our traditional c______like Peking Opera should be passed down.
11. We should always keep an eye on school __________ （安全）.
12. Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to _________ (成功).
13. Look! The _________ (树叶) on the trees are in different shapes!
14. Hard work is the key to s___________.
15. I missed the last bus, so I had no c___________ but to walk home.
16.Teenagers should be encouraged to make ___________ (决定) by themselves.
17.The boy was so careless that he made a big m______ in the exam.
18. Some parents tell their kids not to speak to ________ (陌生人).
19. Tom began to show a special _________ (兴趣) in painting at childhood.
20. Mary found great fun working in the small ______ (花园).
21. The manager made no r______ to the questions.
22. Let’s go to the l______ to borrow some books.
23.They seemed to be the usual type to give mall ________ (worker) a hard time.
24.After a journey of four ____ (day), the young man finally brought the water to him.
25.It must be terrible to be lonely on Christmas Day with his parents dead.
_____ (tear) started to run down her cheeks but she brushed them away.
26When something bad happens to us, we have two______ (choice).
2025 名词预测题
1.The ____________（决定）about setting a new rule for the school library was made last week. Students need to follow it.
2.In 2024, many cities held environmental protection activities. The local ____________（政府） encouraged people to reduce waste.
3.The development of __________（科技） has changed our lives a lot. It's an important part of modern society.
4.The _____________(科学家) research on clean energy in 2024 made great progress. Their work is important for the future.
5.Every year, the Spring Festival Gala has different wonderful p___________. People enjoy singing, dancing and comedy shows.(共35张PPT)
（人教新目标九年级英语）二轮复习
专题
语法专项
名词
二轮复习
中考考点解读
分析近5年中考真题可看出,对名词的考查主要出现在完形填空、词汇运用、语法填空中。其中名词词义辨析、名词拼写、根据所给名词填空为高频考点。
2025年备考应全面复习名词词义辨析、名词的数、名词所有格的用法。
教学目标：
1.通过复习熟练掌握名词的一词多义和近义词辨析。
2.正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。
3.掌握可数名词复数的构成。
4.掌握名词所有格。
考点一、名词词义辨析
考点二、名词的数
考点三、名词所有格
考点一 名词词义辨析
有些名词在不同的语言环境中有不同的词义。词义辨析题旨在考查
学生能否通过对上下文的理解，使用合适的词汇，考查形式主要有以下
三种：
1．一词多义
一词多义指某个名词具有两种或两种以上的常见意义，在不同的语言环
境中有不同的意义。
story 故事；另一回事 fish鱼；鱼肉
chicken小鸡；鸡肉 paper纸；报纸；试卷
glass玻璃；玻璃杯 light电灯；光
利用语境扩大词汇运用量
2．近义词辨析
近义词指某几个名词在意义上比较相近，但使用范围有差别。英语中的近义词比较多，考试中出现频率较高的近义词有以下几组：
home, family, house家
problem, question, trouble问
clothing, clothes, dress衣服
job, work工作
sound, voice, noise声音
person, people, human人
message, information信息
street, road, way路
travel, trip, journey旅行
competition, game, match比赛
3．语境辨词
语境辨词就是运用我们的生活经验、知识积累，根据上下文推测出
空格处所要表达的意思，从而选出正确的词语，如我们渴了就需要水
(water)、饮料(tea, coffee, juice等)；饿了就需要食物(bread, rice, meat,
cake等)；我们寄信需要去post office；取钱需要去bank。
I'm thirsty, Mom. Could you give me some water to drink？
妈妈，我渴了。你可以给我点水喝吗？
中考实战·单词拼写
1. With the teachers’ help, he has made great p________ in his studies.
2. The students studying abroad had to make a c________ whether to return or to stay.
3.Her h__________include painting, gardening and stamp collecting.
4. There is a photo show on the history of CPC in our city_________ (博物馆).
5．My friend gave me some a__________ on how to keep a pet.
6．Our city received a lot of v________ during May Day holiday.
7．Kate’s room is in good o_____ and everything is in its proper place.
8．My family went to a _____ （音乐会）and had a good time.
hoice
obbies
musem
rogress
dvice
isitors
rder
concert
favorite
9. The police often have to make a quick d________ on how to act.
10.We all took p________ in the astronauts in Shenzhou 17, who landed safe on April 30.
11. My grandma loved all her grandchildren, but I was her ________ (最爱).
ecision
ride
考点二 名词的数
名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词。
名词的数
可数名词
不可数名词 计量：基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
不规则变化
规则变化（ ※ 重点）
字母变化：男女孩子的脚踩住鹅和老鼠的牙
各国人变复数：
中日不变英法变，其余s加后面
单复数同形：中日鹿鱼羊
指整体时，视为单数
指组成集体的各个成员时，视为复数
一、可数名词的复数形式
1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，可数名词的复数形式的变化规则如下：
【巧学妙记】——名词复数的规则变化
(1)以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v加-es：
树叶（leaf） 半数(half) 自己(self) 黄，
妻子(wife) 拿刀(knife) 去杀狼(wolf)，
架(shelf) 后小偷(thief) 逃命(life)忙。
(2)一句话巧记以o结尾名词复数加-es的单词：
黑人（negro） 英雄(hero) 爱吃西红柿(tomato) 和土豆(potato)。
(3)名词复数的不规则变化：
①字母变化：男女孩子的脚踩住鹅和老鼠的牙。
man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet,
mouse-mice, tooth-teeth，goose-geese.
②各国人变复数：中日不变英法变，其余后面加s。
Chinese, Japanese 单复数同形；补充：deer 鹿， fish 鱼，sheep 羊（注：fish表示鱼的种类时，其复数形式是 fishes）
Englishman, Frenchman中man变为men；
其余各国人，如German, American, Indian等均在后面加-s。
2.可数名词中的集体名词的单复数问题
(1)常见的集体名词
family 家庭，people 人们， class 班级， police 警察， nation 民族 等。
(2)具体单复数用法
①集体名词指整体时，视为单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Her family is going to move. 她家要搬走了。
②集体名词指组成集体的各个成员时，则视为复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Her family are football fans. 她全家人都是足球迷。
二、不可数名词的数
1．概述：不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有复数形式，也不能用a/an或数词修饰,这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。
类别 例词
饮食 milk; rice; bread; salt; butter; wheat, ,water,wine等
材料 gold; glass; silk等
自然 sunshine; ice,sand ,wood等
抽象及其他 advice; fun; news; housework; homework; knowledge music,friendship,population,geography,information,peace等
2.不可数名词的量化表达
(1)表示不定数量时,一般用some, much, a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。
如: much water, a little milk, some orange juice
(2)表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当前面的数词大于1时,后面的量词要变为复数。
如:
一张纸 ,
两杯水 ,
十袋米
ten bags of rice
a piece of paper
two glasses of water
三、既可数又不可数的名词
词条 含义 词条 含义
作可数名词 作不可数名词 作可数名词 作不可数名词
chicken 鸡 鸡肉 experience (一次)经历 经验
room 房间 空间 light 电灯 光,光线
fish 鱼 鱼肉 exercise 习题 锻炼,运动
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 orange 橙子 橙汁
paper 试卷;报纸 纸张 radio 收音机 无线电传递
time 倍数;次数 时间 tea 一杯茶 茶
work 作品 工作
分析近6年山东日照中考真题可知，名词的数考查大多数在语法填空中。答题时，可参考以下解题步骤： 步骤一 确定空格处填名词
1．根据题干所给的汉语提示词和首字母判断。
2．根据语境判断。山东日照中考会涉及对既可作动词又可作名词的双词性的词的考查，这类词仅通过汉语提示词无法判断填名词还是动词，需要通过语境和句子结构进行判断。
步骤二 判断是可数名词还是不可数名词
步骤三 判断可数名词单复数
对于不可数名词，可直接将单词带入句中验证。对于可数名词，则需进一步确认所填单词是否有数的变化。判断方法如下：
1．上下文语境
2．固定搭配
3．空格前的基数词、不定冠词、many等词
4．生活常识
5．俗语谚语
例：Do you like white We have shirts of different ______(颜色).
解析：根据句意，可确定单词为名词color;为可数名词；通过前面的shirts和different两词可确定此处应为复数colors.
中考实战·单词拼写
1. Make sure there are no _______ (错误) in your test paper before handing it in.
2. Her h__________include painting, gardening and stamp collecting.
3.National parks give a safe home to local plants and __________ (动物).
4.Our city received a lot of v_______ during May Day holiday.
5.Kate’s room is in good o _____ and everything is in its proper place.
6.My family went to a _______ （音乐会）and had a good time.
7. Check for spelling ________ (错误) before turning in your papers.
mistakes
obbies
animals
isitors
rder
concert
mistakes
中考实战·语法填空
(2020·山东日照中考)That act of 76 (kind) not only got me happier, but also made the gentleman feel better about himself.
(2021·山东日照中考) I had to leave the room after only a couple of 45________ (minute).
(2022·山东日照中考)Then I thought of the scenes that I had seen in Hollywood 46______ (movie). (2023·山东日照中考) After seven 49_______（month）of full backpacking in Africa from Cape Town to Cairo, I realized having a student-like mind helped me learn a lot,
kindness
minutes
movies
months
考点三 名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
构成方法 举例
表示人或其他有生命的名词常在词尾加“ ’s ” Children’s Day（儿童节），
my sister’s book（我姐姐的书）
以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加 “ ’ ” Teachers’ Day（教师节）
两者或多个人共同拥有的只在最后一个名词词尾加-’s; 若各自所有的，在各名词后都加-’s Jane and Helen’s room(共同的房间)
David’s and Bob’s mothers(各自的母亲)
在表示“店铺”“某某家”“诊所”的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。 at the barber's (shop) 在理发店
at the doctor's (office) 在医院
表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等无生命的名词也可以在词尾加 ’ s 构成所有格 today’s paper 今天的报纸
China’s history 中国的历史
five minutes’ walk 五分钟路程
一、's所有格
英语中名词所有格有时可以在前面加of构成的短语，这种结构称为双重所有格。
双重所有格有两种形式： of＋名词所有格； of＋名词性物主代词
a friend of my sister's 我姐姐的一个朋友
a dictionary of mine 我的一部词典
二、of 所有格
三、双重所有格
表示无生命的东西的名词，一般均可用“of+名词”的介词短语表示所有关系
a map of China （一张中国地图） the center of the city 市中心
【巧学妙记】名词所有格的用法
英语名词所有格，表示某物是“谁的”
所有格构成方法，多数把’ s 加，
复数词尾有s，只加“’”就OK，
名词若为无生命，常把of来运用，
时间、地点和距离，所有格也可用’ s。
中考实战·语法填空
Many schools care more about 76 _________(student) grades
instead of developing their personality.
If I leave my house at 9 o’clock and drive to the airport,I’ll arrive at about 11. So it’s about two ________ drive from my house to the airport.
A. hours’ B. hour’s C. hours
“This AI is like a teacher and meets each 47__________ (student) needs,” Qiu said.
students’
student’s
A
2011-2019日照中考单词拼写题
1．Eating less and exercising more can greatly improve your h________．
2．Lu Jiulei, 14, from Hangzhou, became the w________ of the CCTV Chinese Character Spelling Contest.
3．Almost half of the global ____________(人口) is looking forward to the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
4．The garbage ________(短信) on cellphones are polluting the teens.
5．There are too many p________ in a bus and the air in it is dirty. I choose to travel by train.
6．A bite of China is a program on CCTV introducing food ________(文化) of China.
7．Thousands of v________ come to our city for sightseeing every year.
8．The dog floating(漂流) on the sea was found and carried to ________(安全) in the end after the earthquake.
ealth
inner
population
messages
passengers/people/persons
culture
isitors
safety
9.Tianjin plans to start a smart city program to deal with t_______jams.
10.Our traditional c______like Peking Opera should be passed down.
11. We should always keep an eye on school __________ （安全）.
12.Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to _________ (成功).
13.Look! The _________ (树叶) on the trees are in different shapes!
14.Hard work is the key to s___________.
15.I missed the last bus, so I had no c___________ but to walk home.
16.Teenagers should be encouraged to make ___________ (决定) by themselves.
17.The boy was so careless that he made a big m______ in the exam.
18.Some parents tell their kids not to speak to ________ (陌生人).
19. Tom began to show a special _________ (兴趣) in painting at childhood.
20.Mary found great fun working in the small ______ (花园).
21.The manager made no r______ to the questions.
22.Let’s go to the l______ to borrow some books.
ulture
safety
success
uccess
hoice
istake
interest
garden
eply
ibrary
raffic
leaves
decisions
strangers
中考语法填空巩固题
1.They seemed to be the usual type to give mall ________ (worker) a hard time.
2.After a journey of four ____ (day), the young man finally brought the water to him.
3.It must be terrible to be lonely on Christmas Day with his parents dead.
_____ (tear) started to run down her cheeks but she brushed them away.
4.When something bad happens to us, we have two (choice).
choices
Tears
days
workers
2025 名词预测题
1.The ____________（决定）about setting a new rule for the school library was made last week. Students need to follow it.
2.In 2025, many cities held environmental protection activities. The local ____________（政府） encouraged people to reduce waste.
3.The development of __________（科技） has changed our lives a lot. It's an important part of modern society.
4.The _____________(科学家) research on clean energy in 2024 made great progress. Their work is important for the future.
5.Every year, the Spring Festival Gala has different wonderful p___________. People enjoy singing, dancing and comedy shows.
decision
governments
technology
scientists'
erformances
Thanks ！
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