(共16张PPT)
Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you
单元归纳总结
2门世2有
3厚Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you
单元目标解读 ·学科素养达成
[单元目标]
单元课程探究 单元内容分析
Starting out & Understanding ideas Absolute agony！Our Agony Aunt answers your questions.(深陷痛苦！我们的知心阿姨解答你的困惑。) 通过阅读Ben遇到的问题以及知心阿姨提出的解决方法，我们了解了如何处理朋友之间遇到的问题 本单元涉及的话题是人际关系，并通过文本材料呈现以下主要内容：一名学生和朋友产生了矛盾并向知心阿姨求助，知心阿姨对问题进行分析并提出了解决方法；如何礼貌地拒绝；如何看待善意的谎言；等等
Grammar ed as adverbial(过去分词作状语)
Developing ideas Little White Lies(善意的小谎言) 通过文章对“善意的谎言”的剖析，我们了解到，诚实是我们的基本准则，即使是“善意的谎言”也可能造成不好的结果
Writing an essay 写一篇议论文，通过“刺猬取暖”的故事来论证朋友间要保持适当的距离
单元核心素养 逐步增进学生对人际关系的了解；培养学生处理朋友间出现的问题和矛盾的能力；让学生了解怎样才能使友谊长久；如果自己无法解决要及时向他人求助
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
原文 呈现
Absolute agony!
Our Agony Aunt answers your questions.
Dear Agony Aunt，
1 I'm in a total mess① here—hope you can help me out②！
2 I'm 17, and a member of our school basketball team. I'm crazy about③ basketball, and pretty good at it too, which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match【1】. We played well, but I felt the team were let down④ by one member, our point guard⑤【2】. The point guard is a key player, but it was like he wasn't even on the court⑥【3】！ Disappointed by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend. I was just letting off steam⑦ really, because I was so angry, but then my friend went and told everyone else what I'd said.
读文 清障
①in a total mess乱糟糟，一团糟
②help sb. out帮某人一把；帮某人摆脱困境
③be crazy about迷上，着迷，痴迷
④let down 使失望；辜负
⑤point guard控球后卫
⑥on the court在球场上
⑦let off steam发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
[拓展]“生气”或“愤怒”的其他表达：
hit the roof非常生气，暴怒
go mad生气
fly into a temper勃然大怒
lose one's temper with sb.对某人发脾气
get/be cross with sb.十分生某人的气
go bananas发怒
【1】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面一句话；why I was so mad是表语从句；when引导时间状语从句。
【2】此处为省略了that的宾语从句，其中our point guard作one member的同位语。team为集合名词，此处强调队伍的成员，故从句谓语用复数形式。
【3】此处like作连词，意为“好像，仿佛”，相当于as if。
深陷痛苦！
我们的知心阿姨解答你的困惑。
亲爱的知心阿姨：
1 我现在一团糟——希望你能帮我摆脱困境！
2 我17岁，是我们学校篮球队的一员。我对篮球很着迷，而且我也很擅长打篮球，这可能就是我们上一场比赛输了的时候我很生气的原因。我们打得很好，但我觉得球队被一个队员拖累了，那就是我们的控球后卫。控球后卫是个关键球员，但他好像根本就不在场上！我对他的行为感到失望，我对我最好的朋友说了这一切。我只是想发泄一下怒火，因为我很生气，但后来我的朋友把我说的话告诉了其他所有人。
原文 呈现
3 This is so totally awkward⑧. I'm really angry with my friend—what should I say to him And should I say anything at all to my teammate
4 Embarrassed and ashamed⑨， I can't concentrate on⑩ anything. Please help!
Ben
读文 清障
⑧awkward /' kw d/令人尴尬的，使人难堪的
⑨ashamed / ' eImd/羞愧的
concentrate on专心于，专注于
3 这太尴尬了。我真的很生我朋友的气——我该怎么跟他说？另外，我应该跟我的队友说点什么吗？
4 又尴尬又羞愧，我无法集中精力于任何事。请帮帮忙吧！
本
原文 呈现
Dear Ben，
1 There is an old American saying ， “Loose lips sink ships .”This means that if you speak too much about something, especially to people who you don't know so well, it'll cause all kinds of trouble.
2 The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips” were your best friend's. Treated this way, you're sure to feel hurt—we should always be able to trust those closest to us, and it hurts even more when we find we can't.【4】
3 But I have to say that it's partly your fault ， isn't it You admit that you were “letting off steam”. It is understandable in that situation ， but we should always think before we speak.
4 Here's what you need to do. First, apologise to your teammate. If you ever want to win any more basketball games (and I'm sure you do！), you need to work together, and that means communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts. So have a chat with your teammate. Tell him directly and honestly that you were talking without thinking.
读文 清障
saying n．谚语，格言，警句
loose lips sink ships祸从口出
fault/f lt/n.责任，过错
find fault with挑……的毛病
understandable adj.可以理解的
understand＋ able(形容词后缀：可以……的，能……的)
in that situation在那种情况下
apologise to sb. (for sth.)(因为某事)向某人道歉
communicate with sb.与某人交流
resolve/rI'z lv/v.解决(问题、困难)
have a chat with sb.与某人闲聊
【4】本句中的第一个hurt为形容词，表示“very upset or unhappy because someone has said or done something unkind, dishonest, or unfair”；第二个hurt为不及物动词，表示“to make someone feel very upset, unhappy, sad, etc.”。此外，hurt还可作及物动词，表示“to injure yourself or someone else”；另外hurt还可用作不及物动词，表示“(使)疼痛”。
亲爱的本，
1 美国有句老话：“祸从口出。”这意味着，如果你对某件事说得太多，特别是对那些你不太了解的人说得太多，就会惹出各种麻烦。
2 现在的情况糟糕得多，因为这些话是你最好的朋友说出去的。被这样对待，你肯定会感到受伤——我们应该永远能够信任那些我们最亲近的人，当我们发现我们不能信任他们时，会更伤心。
3 但我不得不说这在一定程度上是你的过错，不是吗？你承认你在“发泄怒气”。在那种情况下是可以理解的，但我们应该在说话之前先思考一下。
4 这是你需要做的。首先，向你的队友道歉。如果你想赢得更多的篮球比赛(我相信你想！)，你们需要一起合作，那意味着要相互沟通清楚，解决冲突。所以和你的队友聊聊吧。直接而坦诚地告诉他你是未经思考说了那些话。
原文 呈现
5 Then, talk to your friend. Friendship should be one of the greatest things in the world, but sometimes it can be difficult. Again, your strategy is clear communication. Tell your friend you're angry with him for repeating what you said and making the situation worse, but that you want to move on.【5】 Approached in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired.【6】
6 Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, think about your own behaviour. Don't say too much when you're angry! Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. This gives people the wrong signal. Take a deep breath， calm down， and always remember: think first, speak later. If you feel one of your teammates isn't pulling their weight, then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach.
7 If you think about other people's feelings as well as your own, you'll soon find everything works out.
8 Good luck!
Agony Aunt,
读文 清障
strategy /'str t d i/n.计谋，策略；行动计划
move on 继续移动；前进
approach v．解决，处理
signal /'sIɡn( )l/n.信号；暗号
take a deep breath深吸一口气
calm down 冷静下来
raise your concerns提出你的担心
professional adj.职业的，专业的
work out 解决
【5】本句中but连接两个并列的宾语从句。第一个宾语从句为you're angry... worse，其前省略了引导词that；第二个宾语从句为that you... on。当一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的that从句作宾语时，第一个that可以省略，其余的that不可省略。
【6】过去分词短语作状语，approach与your friendship是被动关系。
5 然后，和你的朋友谈谈。友谊应该是世界上最伟大的事物之一，但有时却很难处理。同样，你的策略是进行清楚的沟通。告诉你的朋友，你对他传你说的话并使情况恶化感到愤怒，但你想向前看。用这种方式处理，你们的友谊很快就会修复。
6 第三，也许也是最重要的，想想你自己的行为。生气的时候不要说太多！充满了愤怒，你总是想到什么就说什么。这给了人们错误的信号。深呼吸，冷静下来，永远记住：先想好，再说。如果你觉得你的一个队友没有尽到责任，那么就用专业的方式向你的团队教练提出你的担忧。
7 如果你考虑别人的感受像考虑你自己的感受一样，你很快就会发现一切都解决了。
8 祝你好运！
知心阿姨
基础 自测
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．agony n．痛楚，苦难
2．steam n．蒸汽，水蒸气
3．loose adj.控制不严的
4．sink v．使(船)沉没
5．fault n．责任，过错
6．resolve v．解决(问题、困难)
7．strategy n．计谋，策略；行动计划
8．signal n．信号；暗号
拓展词汇
9．breath n．呼出的气→breathe v．呼吸
10．concern n．忧虑，担心→concerned adj.关注的；担心的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in_a_mess 一团糟
2．help_out 帮一把
3．let_down 使失望，辜负
4．let_off_steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
5．loose_lips_sink_ships 祸从口出
6．take_a_breath 吸一口气
7．pull_one's_weight 做好分内事，尽责
8．concentrate_on 集中精力于，全神贯注于
9．be_crazy_about 迷恋，狂热于
10．have_sth._in_common 有共同之处
11．fit_in_with 适应……，与……合得来
12．turn_to_sb._for_help 向某人求助
13．apologise_to_sb. 向某人道歉
14．communicate_with 与……交流
15．calm_down 静下来
16．move_on 前进
17．be_angry_with 对……生气
18．point_guard 控球后卫
19．work_out 成功地发展；解决
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．This means that if you speak too much about something, especially to people who you don't know so well, it'll cause all kinds of trouble.
[句式分析]
This means ,especially to people so_well,_it'll cause all kinds of trouble.
[尝试翻译] 这意味着，如果你对某件事说得太多，特别是对那些你不太了解的人说得太多，就会惹出各种麻烦。
2．Tell your friend you're angry with him for repeating what you said and making the situation worse, but that you want to move on.
[句式分析]
Tell your friend you're angry with him for repeating and ,but .
[尝试翻译] 告诉你的朋友，你对他传你说的话并使情况恶化感到愤怒，但你想向前看。
语篇 细研
第一遍：快读课文，把握段落大意
Passage 1
段落 关键词(句) 概括段意
Paragraph 1 in a total mess; help me out
Paragraph 2 I'm crazy about basketball... I was so mad when we lost our last match... the team were let down by one member, our point guard; Disappointed, I was just letting off steam... told everyone else what I'd said
Paragraph 3 awkward，angry，what should I say, should I say anything
Paragraph 4 can't concentrate on anything, Please help！
答案：Paragraph 1 I'm in trouble and need your help.
Paragraph 2 I thought the point guard was to blame for our failure，and told my best friend about it，but he made what I'd said known to everyone else.
Paragraph 3 I was at a loss what to do about it.
Paragraph 4 I am too eager for your help.
Passage 2
段落 关键词(句) 概括段意
Paragraph 1 Loose lips sink ships.
Paragraph 2 the “loose lips” were your best friend's; feel hurt; it hurts even more
Paragraph 3 it's partly your fault; we should always think before we speak
Paragraph 4 Here's what you need to do. First, apologise...; have a chat; Tell him directly and honestly...
Paragraph 5 Then, talk to your friend. Approached in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired.
Paragraph 6 Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, think about your own behaviour.
Paragraph 7 think about other people's feelings as well as your own
Paragraph 8 Good luck！
答案：Paragraph 1 Present and explain the saying “Loose lips sink ships.”
Paragraph 2 When your best friend did something that hurts you，you would feel more hurt.
Paragraph 3 You should also be responsible for it.
Paragraph 4 Present what you should do first.
Paragraph 5 The following are what you should secondly do.
Paragraph 6 This is what you should do thirdly，but maybe the most important.
Paragraph 7 You should put yourself in others' position(s)．
Paragraph 8 Express wishes.
第二遍：精读课文，完成下列题目
1．精读 Passage 1，完成下列题目。
(1)判断正(T)误(F)
①Ben thought all of them played well in the match except the point guard.(T)
②The reason why Ben told his best friend about it was that he was letting off steam.(T)
③Ben thought his best friend was to blame for the lost match.(F)
(2)What can we learn from the passage
A．Ben was very fond of playing basketball, but he couldn't play well.
B．Ben thought their performance in the basketball match was disappointing.
C．Ben thought they could have won the basketball match.
D．Ben was in a good mood because he had let off steam.
答案：C
2．精读 Passage 2，完成下列题目。
(1)What can we learn from the old American saying “Loose lips sink ships.”？
答案：We shouldn't speak too much about something, especially to people who you don't know so well, it'll cause all kinds of trouble.
(2)When our best friend hurts our feelings, what may we feel
答案：We may feel hurt more than ever.
(3)According to Agony Aunt, when we are letting off stream, what should we keep in mind
答案：We should always think before we speak.
(4)Agony Aunt gave Ben the following advice EXCEPT ________.
A．apologise to his teammate
B．tell his teammate directly he was talking without thinking
C．ask his friend to make an apology
D．reflect on his own behaviour
答案：C
词汇 精讲
1．let down 使失望，辜负
[教材P2]We played well, but I felt the team were let down by one member, our point guard.我们打得很好，但我觉得球队被一个队员拖累了，那就是我们的控球后卫。
归纳拓展
let out 发出；下课；结束；加宽(衣服等) let alone 不打扰；更不用说 let in 让(空气、光线或水等)进
佳句背诵
He trudged home feeling lonely and let down.
他步履艰难地往家走，感到孤独和沮丧。
巧学活用
完成句子
①Many people let_out screams of excitement at the exciting news.
听到这个令人兴奋的消息，许多人发出了兴奋的尖叫声。
②I can't afford to pay my bills, let_alone buy a new car.
我都付不起账单了，更别说买辆新车了。
③Draw the curtains and don't let_in the light.
拉上窗帘，不要让光线进入。
2．concentrate on 集中在；专心于
[教材P2]Embarrassed and ashamed, I can't concentrate on anything.尴尬和羞愧，我不能集中精力做任何事情。
归纳拓展
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心(做)某事 concentrate one's attention/effort/energy/mind on sth. 集中注意力/力量/精力/思想于某事 (2)concentration n．集中；专心 (3)focus/fix...on... 集中……于…… put one's mind/heart in/into... 专心于…… be absorbed in... 专心于…… apply oneself/one's mind to... 专心于…… pay attention to... 专心于……；注意…
[温馨提示]
以上短语中in，to，on都是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词
佳句背诵
We need to concentrate on our core business.
我们需要集中在核心业务上。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①There is a great need for greater concentration (concentrate) on environmental issues.
②He didn't notice the teacher standing by his side, with all his attention concentrated(concentrate) on a book.
③We must concentrate our attention on improving(improve) education.
3．fault n．责任，过错
[教材P3]But I have to say that it's partly your fault, isn't it？但我不得不说这在一定程度上是你的过错，不是吗？
归纳拓展
find fault with 找……的茬儿；对……挑剔 at fault 有过错的；有责任的；有毛病
佳句背诵
Don't be angry with me. It wasn't my fault.
不要生我的气。这不是我的错！
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①He could always find fault with something, either in my writing or in my personality.
②He could never admit that he had been at fault.
4．apologise vi.道歉；谢罪
[教材P3]First, apologise to your teammate.首先，向你的队友道歉。
归纳拓展
(1)apologise to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉 apologise to sb. that...向某人道歉…… (2)apology n．道歉 make/offer an apology to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse one's apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉 owe sb. an apology应向某人道
佳句背诵
I thought she was coming over to apologise.
我以为她是来道歉的。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①Finally, the boss apologised (apologise) to all the staff.
②I owe you an apology for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
③We owe you an apology (apologise) for not letting you know the news earlier.
5．approach v．临近；接近 n．接近；通路；方法
[教材P4]Approached in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired.以这种方式接触，你们的友谊很快就会修复。
归纳拓展
(1)at the approach of 在……快要来临的时候 an approach to (doing) sth. 做某事的方法 (2)approach sth./sb. 接近，靠近某物/某人 with...approaching 随着……的临
[温馨提示]
(1)approach表示“接近；靠近”时，为不可数名词；表示“处理、对待……的方法、途径”时，为可数名词，其后常与to搭配。
(2)表示“(做)事情的方法”的搭配有：
the approach to (doing) sth.
the way to do/of (doing) sth.
the means of (doing) sth.
the method of (doing) sth.
(3)注意以下不同的介词搭配：with this method/in this way/by this means
佳句背诵
I think it's time we tried a fresh approach.
我认为是尝试新方法的时候了。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①Approaching(approach) the city centre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.
②With the exam approaching(approach)，it is a good idea to review your class notes.
③The job market has changed and our approach to finding (find) work must change as well.
6．breath n．呼出的气；呼吸
[教材P4]Take a deep breath, calm down, and always remember: think first, speak later.深呼吸，冷静下来，永远记住：先想好，再说。
归纳拓展
(1)hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 take a breath 吸一口气 out of breath 气喘吁吁地，上气不接下气地(表状态) (2)breathe v．呼吸 breathe in 吸气 breathe out 呼
佳句背诵
His breath came in short pants.
他气息急促。
巧学活用
完成句子
①We all held_our_breath when the teacher announced the results of the competition.
当老师宣布竞赛结果时，我们都屏住了呼吸。
②They reached the company out_of_breath only to be told they were fired.
他们上气不接下气地赶到公司，却被告知他们被开除了。
③The doctor told her to breathe in deeply and then breathe out.
医生告诉她深吸一口气然后呼气。
7．concern n．忧虑，担心
[教材P4]If you feel one of your teammates isn't pulling their weight, then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach.如果你觉得你的一个队友没有尽到责任，那么就用专业的方式向你的团队教练提出你的担忧。
归纳拓展
(1)show concern for/over 对……表示关心 (2)concerned adj.担心的；关切的；感兴趣的 be concerned about/for 对……关注；为……担心 be concerned with 对……感兴趣；与……有关 as far as... be concerned 就……而
佳句背诵
He assumed an air of concern.
他装出关心的样子。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①It is said that many people have been concerned with the case.
②The famous star used to be concerned about his fame much, but now he shows no concern for/over it.
完成句子
③As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones.
就我个人而言，不花太多的时间玩智能手机是明智的。
句式 突破
1.Discuss which you think is the most difficult to overcome and why.[教材P2]
讨论一下你认为哪个是最难克服的以及原因。
句式分析
本句中you think为插入语， which is the most difficult to overcome为“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式(不定式主动形式表示被动意义)”句式。
归纳拓展
动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义的情况： (1)在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”和“主语＋动词＋宾语＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常见形容词：difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive等。 (2)不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又与句子中另一名词或代词有主谓关系
佳句背诵
I am warm hearted and easygoing and I am easy to get along with.
我热心随和，很容易相处。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier to_break(break) into small pieces.
②I have a lot of work to_do(do) to get ready for tomorrow, so I can't go to the cinema with you.
2．Embarrassed and ashamed, I can't concentrate on anything. [教材P2]
又尴尬又羞愧，我无法集中精力于任何事。
句式分析
Embarrassed and ashamed中的两个v. ed形式都用作形容词，故此处句式为形容词作状语。
归纳拓展
(1)形容词作状语时，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等。 (2)形容词作状语时可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开
佳句背诵
Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
又惊又喜，托尼站起来领了奖。
巧学活用
完成句子
①One woman was lying in bed, awake,_listening to the rushing winds.
一位妇女躺在床上，没有睡着，听着那疾驰的风声。
②After the long journey, the three of them went back home, tired_and_hungry.
长途旅行后，他们中的这三个人回到了家，又累又饿。
3．Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.[教材P4]
充满了愤怒，你总是想到什么就说什么。
句式分析
whatever引导的名词性从句作say的宾语。
归纳拓展
wh ever类词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，常可换成“no matter＋wh 词”；“no matter＋wh 词”结构只能引导让步状语从句
佳句背诵
Whatever you decide, you will have our full support.
无论你作出什么决定，你都会得到我们的全力支持。
巧学活用
完成句子
①Whatever you do, you can't go against the laws of nature.
＝No_matter_what you do, you can't go against the laws of nature.
无论你做什么，都不能违背自然规律。
②He can answer the question however hard it is.
无论问题有多难，他都能回答。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The legs of the garden chair sank(下沉/陷入) into the soft ground.
2．It's your own fault(过错) for being careless.
3．Soon, they saw the steam(水蒸气) rising from the bowl.
4．He didn't say anything with his lips(嘴唇) trembling.
5．This advertisement is a typical example of their marketing strategy(策略)．
6．While walking the dog, you should take care not to get loose(松开). Otherwise, it may be dangerous to strangers.
7．If you have a complaint to make, do something about it right away. The longer you wait, the harder it will be to get your complaint resolved(解决)．
8．A signal(信号) may be given by means of flags, lights, and guns.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As far as I'm concerned(concern), I can't agree with what you said.
2．He did what he could to help her out of trouble.
3．If breathed(breath) in, the dirty air will lead you to fall ill.
4．The answer is, Americans are crazy about using slang.
5．I am leaving to concentrate(concentration) on writing fiction.
Ⅲ.选词填空
help out; loose lips sink ships; out of breath; let off; let down; pull your weight; whoever; is concerned abou
1．He is quite reliable. You can depend on him to help you out.
2．The so called Loose_lips_sink_ships,_but will sometimes in an awkward position, this situation is often in the interview.
3．Don't hesitate, and pull_your_weight at first.
4．When John was arrested for drunken driving, he expected to lose his driving license, but he was let_off with a fine.
5．—Do young people in that country like to be engaged in teaching
—Not really, for teachers strongly feel that school systems let them down.
6．You may select whoever you think is suitable.
7．When we climbed up to the top of the mountain, we were all out_of_breath.
8．The government is_concerned_about the public safety.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The children's mother was_concerned_about/for_their_safety when they didn't come back from school at the usual time.
当孩子们没有在平时放学的时间回家的时候，他们的母亲为他们的安全担心。
2．We will do whatever is necessary to stop them.
我们要采取一切必要措施去阻止他们。
3．At last, we could catch sight of the village, worn_out with hunger and tiredness.
终于，我们看到了村庄的轮廓，此时我们已是又累又饿，精疲力竭。
4．He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn't_he
他说他要来参加我的生日聚会，是吗？
5．Great efforts are needed before_we_can_attain_our_goals.
我们得经过很大努力才能达到我们的目标。
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Ben, 17, is a member of their basketball team. He is crazy 1.________ basketball and pretty good at it, but they 2.________(lose) their last match. In Ben's opinion, their point guard was 3.________(blame). 4.________(disappoint) by his behaviour, Ben told this to his best friend. However, his best friend told everyone else 5.________ he'd said. Ben didn't know what to do, so he asked Agony Aunt for help.
As far as Agony Aunt 6.________(concern), it is mainly his friend's loose lips that make the situation worse. But it's 7.________(part) Ben's fault. She suggests that Ben should apologise to his teammate. Secondly, Ben should talk to his friend that he is angry with him for 8.________(repeat) what he said and making the situation worse, 9.________ that he wants to move on. Thirdly, Ben should think about his own behaviour and always remember: think first, speak later. If he feels one of his teammates isn't pulling their 10.________(weigh), then raise his concerns in a professional way with his team coach.
1．解析：考查介词。be crazy about“着迷于”。
答案：about
2．解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中的last match可知此处应用一般过去时。
答案：lost
3．解析：考查固定搭配。be to blame“该受责备”。
答案：to blame
4．解析：考查词性转换。be disappointed by“对……失望”。
答案：Disappointed
5．解析：考查名词性从句。宾语从句中said后缺少宾语，故用连接代词what。
答案：what
6．解析：考查固定短语。as far as sb. is concerned“就某人而言”。
答案：is concerned
7．解析：考查词性转换。此处作状语，故应用副词形式。
答案：partly
8．解析：考查非谓语动词。介词for后应用动名词形式。
答案：repeating
9．解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知前后为转折关系，故应用but。
答案：but
10．解析：考查固定短语。pull one's weight表示“做好分内事，尽责”，为固定短语。
答案：weight
课时作业(一) Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As is known to all, traffic signals(信号) tell drivers and pedestrians when to stop and go.
2．In the battle what you should do is sink(使下沉)the enemy's ship.
3．You have to see the doctor because your lip(嘴唇) is bleeding.
4．Don't tell him your opinion because he has loose(控制不严的) lips.
5．If you continue to heat the water, it will boil and turn into steam(蒸汽)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
calm down； take a breath； be crazy about； let down； apologise to； concentrate on； help out； work out； communicate with； fit in with
1．I began to be_crazy_about English when I was a little girl.
2．Hearing what his father had said, the crying child soon calmed_down.
3．A swimmer can't swim under water very long, because he must take_a_breath.
4．Concentrate_on the good things about the Internet.
5．In my opinion, parents and children should communicate_with each other and show respect for each other.
6．He's never done this type of work before; I'm not sure how he'll fit_in_with the other people.
7．The famous actor keeps fit by working_out for an hour every morning.
8．In all those years he never worked hard, which let his parents down.
9．You must apologise_to your parents for being so rude.
10．Organizing the school trip will be a lot of work, so I need some volunteers to help_out.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．When Jack heard the bad news, his heart ________(sink) and his face turned pale.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：当杰克听到这个坏消息时，他心情沉重，脸色变得苍白。根据后面的动词turned可知，空处应用一般过去时。
答案：sank
2．He told us he just heard from his son and ________ he felt very happy.
解析：考查宾语从句。当谓语动词后跟两个that引导的宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句的连接词that不能省略。
答案：that
3．In order not to miss the train, Blair ran so fast that he became ________(breath)．
解析：考查词性转换。系动词became后面可接形容词作表语，由句意可知，应填breathless“气喘吁吁的”。
答案：breathless
4．My coach told me to calm down and take ________ easy before the table tennis competition began.
解析：考查固定用法。句意：在乒乓球比赛开始之前，我的教练告诉我要冷静下来，放轻松。take it easy为固定短语，意为“放松；沉住气，从容点”。
答案：it
5．The investigation suggests that the drunk driver was ________(blame) for the car accident.
解析：考查固定用法。句意：调查表明，醉酒的司机应该为此次车祸负责。be to blame (for sth.)“(对坏事)负有责任”为固定用法。故填to blame。
答案：to blame
6．________(concern) about his son's safety, the old sailor turned to the police for help.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：(因为)担心他儿子的安全，老水手向警方寻求帮助。be concerned about为固定搭配，意为“对……感到担心”。此处为形容词短语作状语。
答案：Concerned
7．I misunderstood him a moment ago, so I should make a call to ________(apology) to him.
解析：考查词性转换。apologise to sb.意为“向某人道歉”。
答案：apologise
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的) experiences. It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok's culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard to find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine's roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candlelit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry there's a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia's 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些关于从何处开始曼谷美食之旅的建议。
1．What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A．They adopt modern cooking methods.
B．They have branches in London.
C．They have top class chefs.
D．They are based in hotels.
解析：细节理解题。根据Nahm部分的“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.”和Issaya Siamese Club部分的“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant.”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是都有一流的厨师。故选C项。
答案：C
2．Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A．Gaggan. B．Bo.lan.
C．Issaya Siamese Club. D．Nahm.
解析：细节理解题。根据Bo.lan部分的“For those extremely hungry there's a large set menu.”可知，Bo.lan提供大型套餐。故选B项。
答案：B
3．What is special about Gaggan
A．It hires staff from India.
B．It puts on a play every day.
C．It serves hard to find local dishes.
D．It shows the cooking process to guests.
解析：细节理解题。根据Gaggan部分的“The best table in this two story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人们展示烹饪过程。故选D项。
答案：D
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Kenji and I had been playmates for years. We were always together when we were free after school. One day, Kenji and I were on the beach of a lake in the woods. Suddenly, Kenji leapt up and called, “Hi, Rough Lock.”
Rough Lock was an Indian man who Kenji knew well. He said hello to us and went back to his house. Kenji and I watched him till he disappeared briefly, then reappeared in front of the house. We could see him rocking in his rocking chair there.
Kenji ran into the water, pushing his log raft (木筏) out. He urged me to get on and pushed a pole into the sandy lake bottom to steady the raft. I stood there, hesitant. But Kenji promised he would not go far, pushing the raft close to shore. It sank and touched bottom, moving unsteadily, as I climbed on. I got down on my knees behind him.
Slowly, he pushed the raft out over the surface. The water was clear. I put my hand in it. As we pushed deeper, there was a sudden change in the temperature of the water. When I looked up, the shoreline was farther away than I had ever seen. The water around us was sharply dark and the bottom could no longer be seen. So I thought it was enough and suggested going back. Kenji gave me an approving nod but tried the last push. One hard push, and splash (哗啦)！—the pole jumped out of his hands as Kenji suddenly fell sideways. He fell into the water. In the sound of waves, Kenji's head reappeared. He swam to the beach. Closer to shore, he stood up in the water, turning to face me.
“Jump！” he shouted.
“I can't! I can't swim！” I responded.
Then slowly he stepped backward till he was out of the water.
I stared down into the deep water and back to where Kenji was standing. He signaled to me to jump again. I hesitated. Unexpectedly, he turned suddenly and fled down the beach as quickly as he could.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Frightened, I jumped after a long wait.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
When I opened my eyes at last, it was to a red and blue shirt.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Frightened, I jumped after a long wait. Unable to swim, I kept sinking, and got choked. I raised my hands, hoping to rise to the surface. However, the moment I took a breath, I sank again. Much more terrified, I couldn't do anything but hopelessly struggle. Just then I vaguely saw someone swimming towards me. But I was exhausted and sinking owing to gravity.
When I opened my eyes at last, it was to a red and blue shirt. “You're awake！” said an unfamiliar voice. It was Rough Lock, and I understood it was he who had saved me. “Thank you, Rough Lock！” I said, tears in my eyes. Kenji stuck his head out from behind Rough Lock and mumbled, “I'm sorry that I played a prank on you. I promise I will never do that again. We're still friends, aren't we？” I nodded, forcing a weak smile.
Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．duty n．职责，义务；责任
2．accident n．意外事件，偶然因素
3．core adj.核心的(课程、团体等)
4．ensure v．确保，保证
5．boxing n．拳击(运动)
拓展词汇
6．annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的→annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气
7．adjust v．适应，(使)习惯→adjustment n．调整；调节→adjustable adj.可调节的
8．complexity n．复杂性，错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的，合成的
9．forgive v．原谅，宽恕→forgiveness n．宽恕；宽宏大量
10．criticise v．批评，指责→criticism n．批评
11．embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情→embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬→embarrassing adj.使人尴尬的，令人为难的→embarrassed adj.尴尬的，窘迫的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．be_satisfied_with 对……满意
2．tell_the_truth 说实话
3．look_down_on/upon 看不起，轻视
4．keep_silent 保持沉默
5．take_the_lead 带头
6．adjust_to 适应
7．by_accident 偶然，意外地
8．run_away_from 远离，逃离
9．deal_with 处理，涉及
10．grow_up 成长
11．settle_down 安居，安定下来
12．complain_about 抱怨
13．get_along_with 与……相处
14．all_the_time 始终，一直
15．begin_with 以……开始
Ⅲ.经典结构
1．当莱莉搬到一个新的城市时，她很难适应她的新环境。
When Riley moves to a new city, she has_a_hard_time_adjusting to her new surroundings.
2．对任何人来说道歉都不容易。
It's not easy for_anyone_to_say_sorry.
3．了解一个人需要时间。
It_takes_time_to_understand a person.
4．我看得出他不容易相处。
I can tell he is_not_easy_to_get_along_with.
5．人们认为在人们的生活中情商比智商更重要。
It_is_believed_that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in people's lives.
6．如果可能的话，提议一种可选择的——下周怎么样？
If_possible,_suggest an alternative—How about next week
Ⅳ.必备语法
ed as adverbial过去分词作状语
1．Disappointed(disappoint) by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend.
2．Approached(approach) in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired.
词汇 精讲
1．annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的
[教材P7]Prevented from playing her role in Riley's emotional development, Sadness feels annoyed.由于被阻止在莱莉的情感发展中发挥作用，Sadness感到很烦恼。
归纳拓展
(1)be/get annoyed with sb. 生某人的气 be annoyed at/about sth. 对某事恼火 be annoyed to do sth. 因做某事而恼火 (2)annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气 annoying adj.使恼怒的，使生气的 annoyance n．烦恼，使人烦恼的
佳句背诵
I was annoyed that they hadn't turned up.
我恼怒的是他们没有露面。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①Our teacher was annoyed to_know(know) that he didn't complete his homework on time.
②He was annoyed with his son because he didn't devote himself to his study.
③He was annoyed at/about having had to wait so long for her.
④It is annoying(annoy) that there is no hot water.
2．adjust v．适应，(使)习惯；调整
[教材P7]When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.当莱莉搬到一个新的城市时，她很难适应她的新环境。
归纳拓展
(1)adjust to (doing) sth. 适应/习惯(做)某事 adjust oneself to... 使自己适应…… (2)adjustment n．调整；适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to... 对……作出调
佳句背诵
You can adjust the height of the chair.
你可以调节椅子的高度。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①These animals made an adjustment(adjust) to the new environment in a short time.
完成句子
②If fate does not adjust itself to you, adjust_yourself_to fate.
如果命运没有迁就你，你自己要适应命运。
3．forgive v．原谅，宽恕
[教材P7]Try to forgive someone when they apologise.当他们道歉时尽量原谅他们。
归纳拓展
(1)forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做)某事 forgive and forget 不念旧恶；不记仇 (2)forgiveness n．原
佳句背诵
She'd forgive him anything.
她会原谅他的任何事。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①He forgave her for what she had said to him.
②He asked for forgiveness(forgive) for what he had done wrong.
完成句子
③They agreed_to_forgive_and_forget and be friendly again.
他们同意不计前嫌，重归于好。
4．embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情
[教材P7]This can cause embarrassment.这能导致尴尬。
归纳拓展
(1)embarrassed adj.尴尬的，害羞的 be embarrassed about... 对……感到尴尬 be embarrassed to do sth. 尴尬地做某事 (2)embarrass vt.使尴尬，使窘迫，使陷入困境 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的，令人难堪
佳句背诵
Embarrassment rooted her to the spot.
她尴尬得呆住了。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①Many adolescents should not be too embarrassed about their weight, as long as it is not overweight.
②He was very embarrassed to_hear(hear) people speak highly of him.
③I don't know how to deal with this embarrassing(embarrass) situation.
过去分词作状语
语法 讲习
1． ed形式作状语时，其所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
Founded in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
这所学校创建于20世纪初期，它一直激发着孩子们对艺术的热爱。
Time, used correctly, is money in the bank.
使用得当，时间就是银行里的钱。
[即时演练1]
用 ed形式补全句子
①这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。
Ordered_over_a_week_ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
②在他演讲的激励下，我们马上行动了起来。
Inspired_by_his_speech,_we took action at once.
2． ed形式作状语主要表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随，可以与相应的状语从句互换。
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.
老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。
Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
＝When it was translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
当被翻译成英语时，会发现这个句子会有一个完全不同的词序。
Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
＝If it is used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
如果仔细使用，一个金属盒可以使用六周。
Asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
＝Because I was asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
由于那天晚上被要求加班，我错过了一场好电影。
[即时演练2]
用 ed形式进行句型转换
①Because she was offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
→Offered_an_important_role_in_a_new_movie,_Andy has got a chance to become famous.
②When it is seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
Seen_from_the_top_of_the_tower,_the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
3．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，作状语时相当于形容词作状语，而且部分 ed形式源于系表结构，作状语时表示一种状态。
Little Tom sat amazed watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
小汤姆坐着吃惊地看着猴子在他前面跳舞。
Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
[即时演练3]
用 ed形式补全句子
①当他完成了1 500米赛跑时，他上气不接下气，疲惫不堪。
When he finished the 1,500 metre race, he was out of breath, exhausted.
②正在深思，他几乎撞在了前面的车上。
Lost_in_thought,_he almost ran into the car in front of him.
4． ed形式作状语时，根据需要可在其前加上when, while，until, once, though, although, as long as, if, unless, as if，even if等连词。需注意的是，在before, after或without等词后必须用being done结构。
When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
当询问菲利普对教学工作的看法时，他说他发现它很有趣且有意义。
Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
尽管见到我们感到很惊奇，教授还是给予我们热烈的欢迎。
The famous film star could hardly walk down the street without being bothered.
这位著名的影星在街上走着的时候，很难不被打扰。
[即时演练4]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①If accepted(accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.
②Before being_used(use), the machine must be checked.
③Children, when accompanied(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
5． ed形式与 ing形式作状语的比较
作状语时，若与句子的主语是意义上的主动关系，则用 ing形式；若为动宾关系，则用 ed形式。
Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园更加美丽。
Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks even more beautiful.
从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。
[即时演练5]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①Compared(compare) with the place where I grew up, this town is much more exciting.
②Comparing(compare) his camera with mine, I find mine is better.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Designed(design) very cleverly to fit into corners, the shelf doesn't take up much room.
2．The new technology, if applied(apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.
3．Considered(consider) as a building material, wood is not very strong.
4．Given(give) another hour, I can also work out this problem.
5．When first introduced(introduce) to the market, these new products in their company enjoyed a great success.
6．Located(locate) in the central district, the hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.
Ⅱ.句型转换(用 ed形式改写下列句子)
1．If we are united, we will make our life better.
→United,_we will make our life better.
2．As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.
→Encouraged_by_the_progress made by him, he works harder.
3．Although we were exhausted by the hard work, we went on with it.
→Exhausted_by_the_hard_work,_we went on with it.
4．Rain or shine, the match will be held as it was scheduled.
→Rain or shine, the match will be held as scheduled.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Once_lost,_such a chance might never come again.
一旦失去，这样的机会可能永远不会再来了。
2．Grown_in_rich_soil,_these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子就能长得快。
3．Edited_by_three_language_experts,_the dictionary has been popular with readers ever since it came out two years ago.
由三位语言专家编辑，这本字典自从两年前上市以来就一直受到读者欢迎。
4．Bathed_in_the_sunshine,_we jumped and cheered with joy.
沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。
5．Unless invited_to_speak,_you should remain silent at the conference.
除非是请你讲话，否则会上你要默不作声。
6．Dressed_in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
他身着白色制服，看上去更像厨师而不是医生。
7．When exposed_to_stress,_in whatever form, all of us react both mentally and physically.
当暴露在压力之下时，不管以什么形式，我们所有的人都会从精神和身体上作出反应。
8．Devoted_to_scientific_research,_he has enjoyed fame all over the world.
由于献身于科学研究事业，他在全世界享有盛名。
课时作业(二) Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He didn't know how to deal with the accident(意外事件)．
2．Whoever leaves the classroom last must ensure(确保) that all the windows and doors are well closed.
3．I have gradually adjusted(适应) myself to the noisy life downtown.
4．Almost anything is better than the embarrassment(尴尬) of a quiet party and silent guests.
5．She made the last appeal to her father to forgive(原谅) her.
6．Joel is really annoyed(恼怒的) about the mess we left.
7．He criticised(批评) me for failing to complete the work on time.
8．I feel it's my duty(责任) to help you.
Ⅱ.语法专练
(一)用过去分词形式改写句子
1．If the trees are given more attention, they are sure to grow better in such warm weather.
Given_more_attention,_the trees are sure to grow better in such warm weather.
2．When he was admitted into the famous university, he determined to make full use of the university's resources to improve himself.
Admitted_into_the_famous_university,_he determined to make full use of the university's resources to improve himself.
3．You'd better stay at home to have a good rest unless they invite you to the party.
Unless_invited_to_the_party,_you'd better stay at home to have a good rest.
4．Though he was told to keep quiet at the cinema, the boy shouted loudly when he felt excited.
Though_told_to_keep_quiet at the cinema, the boy shouted loudly when he felt excited.
5．The athlete walked onto the platform proudly, and he was followed by two other prizewinners.
The athlete walked onto the platform proudly, followed_by_two_other_prizewinners.
(二)用所给词的分词形式填空
1．________(encourage) by what my uncle said, I made up my mind to start all over again.
解析：分析句子结构可知，空处应该用非谓语动词作原因状语，主语I和动词encourage之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词Encouraged。
答案：Encouraged
2．When ________(speak) in front of classmates, I always feel nervous.
解析：分析句子结构可知，此处是“连词＋分词”结构，主语I和动词speak之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词speaking。
答案：speaking
3．________(give) an opportunity to go abroad, he was so glad that words failed him.
解析：分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作状语表示原因，主语he和give之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填Given。
答案：Given
4．________(join) hands with each other, we will eventually defeat the difficulty.
解析：分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，句子的主语we与join为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填Joining。
答案：Joining
5．I sent letters to my friends, ________(tell) them about my new project and asking for help.
解析：分析句子结构可知，sent是谓语动词，则空处应用非谓语形式，因句子主语和动词tell之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式，句中的“and asking for help”也是提示。
答案：telling
6．________(disappoint) by the poor performance of his players, the coach shook his head.
解析：分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，the coach和disappoint之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用过去分词表示原因。
答案：Disappointed
7．When ________(ask) why he did such a thing, little Tom didn't answer but hung his head.
解析：分析句子结构可知，此处是“连词＋分词”结构，主语little Tom和ask之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词。
答案：asked
8．Though ________(face) with difficulties, the company held on and took the lead in 5G technology.
解析：be faced with是固定短语，意为“面对”，此处是“连词＋分词”结构，故应用过去分词faced。
答案：faced
Ⅲ.七选五
You've probably heard the phrase “go outside and get some fresh air” before. Breathing fresh air can make us feel more energetic. __1__.
According to a new study from the World Health Organization (WHO), nine out of every 10 people on the planet breathe polluted air every day.
Polluted air can get deep inside your lungs when you breathe, causing diseases like lung cancer and heart disease. Around 7 million people die every year from breathing polluted air. __2__， mainly in Asia and Africa. Among the world's 20 most polluted cities, 14 are in India.
Some of the biggest sources of air pollution include factories and vehicles. In some regions, sand and desert dust, as well as the burning of waste, also cause air pollution.
__3__. More than 40 percent of the world's population is still using woodstoves (木柴炉) or open fires to make meals and heat their homes. This creates harmful particles (颗粒) and gases indoors.
__4__. India has provided 37 million poor people with free liquified Petroleum gas (液化石油气), while Mexico City has created cleaner vehicle standards.
Maria Neira, the WHO's head of public health, said China has set a good example to the world in improving air quality. “__5__，” she said.
A．More than 90 percent of these deaths happen in low income and middle income countries
B．Although this problem is serious, the good news is that countries are taking action to fight it
C．Another large source of air pollution can be found in some people's homes
D．However, not everyone in the world has the chance to enjoy it
E．Air pollution is a serious problem around the world
F．There is a big step at the government level in China declaring war on air pollution
G．People who work outdoors are more directly harmed by air pollution
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了空气污染问题的严重性及应对措施。
1．解析：上句“Breathing fresh air can make us feel more energetic.”表示：呼吸新鲜空气会让我们感觉更有活力。下文提出空气污染问题。所以空处应该表示：然而，并不是世界上每个人都有机会享受它。故选D。
答案：D
2．解析：上句“Around 7 million people die every year from breathing polluted air.”表示：每年大约有700万人死于吸入污染空气。所以空处应该表示：超过90%的死亡发生在低收入和中等收入国家。且与下文的亚洲和非洲国家衔接自然。故选A。
答案：A
3．解析：下句“More than 40 percent of the world's population is still using woodstoves (木柴炉)or open fires to make meals and heat their homes.”表示：全世界40%以上的人口仍在使用木柴炉或明火做饭和取暖。所以空处应该表示：在一些人的家中还可以发现另一个很大的空气污染源。故选C。
答案：C
4．解析：下句“India has provided 37 million poor people with free liquified Petroleum gas (液化石油气), while Mexico City has created cleaner vehicle standards.”表示：印度为3 700万穷人提供了免费液化石油气，而墨西哥城则制定了更清洁的汽车标准。所以空处应该表示：尽管这个问题很严重，但好消息是，各国正在采取行动与之抗争。故选B。
答案：B
5．解析：上句中的“China has set a good example to the world in improving air quality”表示：中国在改善空气质量方面为世界树立了良好的榜样。所以空处应该表示：中国政府已经迈出了一大步，向大气污染宣战。故选F。
答案：F
Ⅳ.完形填空
It is every kid's worst nightmare and six year old Jaden Hayes has lived it __1__. First he lost his dad when he was four and then last month his mom __2__ unexpectedly in her sleep.
“I tried and I tried and I tried to get her __3__—I couldn't，” said Jaden.
Jaden is __4__ heartbroken.
But there's another side to his __5__. A side he first made public a few weeks ago when he told his aunt, and now guardian, Barbara DiCola, that he was sick and tired of seeing everyone sad all the time. And he had a plan to __6__ it. “And that was the beginning of it，” said Barbara. “That's where the __7__ began.” Jaden asked his aunt Barbara to buy a bunch of little __8__ and bring him to downtown Savannah, Georgia near where he lives, so he could __9__.
“I'm trying to make people __10__，” said Jaden.
Jaden __11__ people who aren't already smiling and then turns their day around. He's gone out on four different occasions now and he is always __12__. Even if sometimes he doesn't get exactly the __13__ he was hoping for.
It is just so overwhelming to some people that a six year old orphan would give away a toy—expecting nothing __14__—except a smile.
“I'm counting on it to be 33,000，” said Jaden. When asked if he thinks he can make that __15__， he answered, “I think I can.”
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个小男孩失去双亲却想要通过自己善意的行为收集三万三千个微笑的故事。
1．A.once B．yet
C．twice D．then
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是每个孩子最可怕的噩梦，6岁的杰登·海耶斯经历了两次。A.once一次；B.yet到目前为止；C.twice两次；D.then那时，然后。根据下文“First he lost his dad when he was four and then last month his mom __2__ unexpectedly in her sleep.”可知，杰登·海耶斯失去了双亲，所以最可怕的噩梦是经历了两次。故选C项。
答案：C
2．A.cried B．fought
C．stayed D．died
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他四岁时失去了父亲，上个月他的母亲在睡梦中意外去世。A.cried哭泣；B.fought打架；C.stayed留下；D.died死亡。结合上文“It is every kid's worst nightmare and six year old Jaden Hayes has lived it __1__.”可知，杰登·海耶斯双亲都去世了。故选D项。
答案：D
3．A.delighted B．anxious
C．absent D．awake
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我试了又试，我试了又试，我试着让她醒过来，但我做不到，”杰登说。A.delighted快乐的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.absent缺席的；D.awake醒的。结合上文可知，杰登的母亲在睡梦中意外去世，杰登还太小，以为母亲只是睡着了，于是想把母亲叫醒。固定短语get sb. awake意为“唤醒某人”，符合文意。故选D项。
答案：D
4．A.understandably B．impossibly
C．hardly D．easily
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：杰登的心碎是可以理解的。A.understandably可以理解地；B.impossibly不可能地；C.hardly几乎不；D.easily简单地。结合上文和常识可知，六岁的小男孩失去双亲，他伤心难过是可以理解的。故选A项。
答案：A
5．A.comedy B．grief
C．favor D．freedom
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他的悲伤还有另一面。A.comedy喜剧；B.grief悲伤；C.favor赞成，帮忙；D.freedom自由。结合上文“Jaden is __4__ heartbroken.”可知，杰登很伤心，故空处也需要填和heartbroken意义或感情相同的词。B项“悲伤”符合语境。故选B项。
答案：B
6．A.fix B．reach
C．hide D．obey
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他有个解决方案。A.fix解决；B.reach到达；C.hide躲藏；D.obey遵循。根据上文“he was sick and tired of seeing everyone sad all the time”可知，杰登不喜欢看到每个人都很悲伤的样子，于是想了一个办法解决这个问题，改变这一现状。A项“解决”符合文意。故选A项。
答案：A
7．A.pace B．pattern
C．adventure D．anger
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是冒险开始的地方。A.pace步子；B.pattern图案；C.adventure冒险，经历；D.anger愤怒。根据下文可知，是在详细介绍杰登的计划；结合实际，对于一个六岁的小男孩来说，他做的这些事情确实可以算得上是一次“冒险经历”或“很刺激的经历”。故选C项。
答案：C
8．A.balls B．toys
C．flowers D．fruits
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰登让他的阿姨芭芭拉买了一堆小玩具，带他到乔治亚州，萨凡纳市中心，他住的地方附近，这样他就可以把玩具送人了。A.balls球；B.toys玩具；C.flowers花；D.fruits水果。根据下文“It is just so overwhelming to some people that a six year old orphan would give away a toy—expecting nothing __14__—except a smile.”可知，杰登是在分发玩具，其中toy为原词复现。故选B项。
答案：B
9．A.sell them out B．set them up
C．set them aside D．give them away
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意同上题。A.sell them out卖光；B.set them up设置；C.set them aside预留；D.give them away捐赠。根据下文“It is just so overwhelming to some people that a six year old orphan would give away a toy—expecting nothing __14__—except a smile.”可知，杰登是在分发玩具，其中give away为原词复现。故选D项。
答案：D
10．A.smile B．feel
C．succeed D．talk
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我在努力让人们微笑，”杰登说。A.smile微笑；B.feel感觉；C.succeed成功；D.talk谈话。根据下文“It is just so overwhelming to some people that a six year old orphan would give away a toy—expecting nothing __14__—except a smile.”可知，杰登分发玩具是为了让人们快乐、微笑起来，其中smile为原词复现。故选A项。
答案：A
11．A.desires B．targets
C．attacks D．rescues
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰登的目标是那些没有微笑的人，然后让他们的一天变得更好。A.desires想要；B.targets以……为目标；C.attacks攻击；D.rescues解救。结合上文可知，杰登是把玩具分发给路人，让他们开心、微笑；由此可以推测出，他分发玩具的目标群体为没有微笑的人。B项“以……为目标”符合文意。故选B项。
答案：B
12．A.serious B．stubborn
C．successful D．troublesome
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他已经去到四次不同场合，他也总是很成功。A.serious严肃的；B.stubborn固执的；C.successful成功的；D.troublesome麻烦的。空前and表示并列、递进和顺承；下文“Even if sometimes he doesn't get exactly the __13___he was hoping for.”表示，即使有时候不如他的意。由此可以推测出，上文是想表达他每次的活动都很成功，即使有时活动效果没有那么好。故选C项。
答案：C
13．A.gift B．difficulty
C．reaction D．excuse
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使有时候他并没有得到他想要的反应。A.gift礼物；B.difficulty困难；C.reaction反应，行动；D.excuse借口。结合上文杰登分发玩具是为了让大家微笑和常识可知，微笑是一个面部表情，即人们看到玩具后做出的反应和行为。故选C项。
答案：C
14．A.in need B．in return
C．for fun D．on show
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：这对一些人来说是如此的不可思议，一个六岁的孤儿会把一个玩具送给别人——除了一个微笑，也不求什么回报。A.in need有需要；B.in return作为回报；C.for fun为了好玩；D.on show上映。结合上文，杰登分发玩具是为了让大家微笑，所以是除了一个微笑，别无他求，不求任何回报。故选B项。
答案：B
15．A.goal B．possibility
C．decision D．choice
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及他是否认为自己可以实现这个目标时，他回答说：“我认为我可以。”A.goal目标；B.possibility可能性；C.decision决定；D.choice选择。根据上文“‘I'm counting on it to be 33,000，’ said Jaden.”可知，杰登想收集三万三千个微笑，这是他的目标。故选A项。
答案：A
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
原文 呈现
Little White Lies
1 Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well known excerpts① of Scottish poetry：
Oh, what a tangled web② we weave③，
When first we practise to deceive④！
2 We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong【1】， but who can honestly say that they've never told a lie Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies⑤”：little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
3 We've all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don't like. The majority of⑥ us of course don't tell the truth⑦—we lie and say that the food is “delicious”．
读文 清障
①excerpt /'eks pt/ n．摘录，节选
②tangled web 错综复杂的网
tangled /'t ɡ( )ld/ adj.
纠结的；复杂的
③weave /wi v/ v．编，织
④deceive /dI'si v/ v．欺骗
⑤white lies 善意的谎言
⑥the majority of... ……的大多数
作主语时，谓语动词的数由of后的名词或代词的数决定。
⑦tell the truth说实话；老实说
【1】此处为两个that引导的宾语从句，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略。
善意的小谎言
1 沃尔特·司各特的这几行诗句是两百多年前写的，至今仍是苏格兰诗歌中最著名的节选之一：
啊，谎言一旦开始，
我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！
2 我们都知道诚实是一种重要的价值观，说谎是错误的，但是谁能诚实地说他们从来没有说过谎呢？也许我们会安慰自己，我们所说的大多数谎言都是“善意的谎言”：为了保护他人不受真相的伤害而说的小谎。
3 我们肯定都有过这样的经历：有人给我们做了一顿我们不喜欢的饭。我们大多数人当然不会说真话——我们会撒谎说食物“好吃”。
原文 呈现
4 Or if a friend asks us what we think of⑧ their new haircut, we say “It's great！”， even if⑨ we think it's awful.【2】 But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these
5 One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better. However, when we lie and say that someone's haircut looks good, or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others.
6 Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement . Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing. You of course say that it's wonderful, despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better【3】. Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve. Or perhaps, they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.
读文 清障
⑧think of记起，想起；考虑；关心；认为
⑨even if(＝even though)即使；虽然
to what extent 在多大程度上
to an extent 在一定程度上；达到……程度
justify/'d stIfaI/v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护
in fact (＝as a matter of fact)事实上；实际上
give encouragement 给予鼓励
despite prep.(＝in spite of)尽管，即使
despite引导表示让步意义的短语结构，表达对前述理由的质疑，并引出下文的反向思考建议，意义上相当于although。
frank/fr k/adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
to be frank说实话；老实说；坦率地说
frankly speaking坦白地说
so that以便(引导目的状语从句)；所以(引导结果状语从句)
【2】本句是一个主从复合句。主句为we say “It's great！”；if引导条件状语从句，其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句；even if引导让步状语从句。
【3】本句中的despite为介词，意为“即使，尽管”，其后接表示让步意义的短语结构，相当于in spite of。your cat can sing better是一种带有幽默讽刺意味的表达，暗示“his singing is terrible”。
4 或者如果一个朋友问我们对他们的新发型有什么看法，我们会说“太棒了！”，即使我们认为很糟糕。但我们能在多大程度上证明说这种善意的谎言是有道理的呢？
5 说善意的谎言的主要原因之一是尽量让别人感觉好些。然而，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者当我们说喜欢我们暗暗讨厌的饭时，我们是真的希望为别人改善状况吗？也许我们实际上是在撒谎，以保护自己免受他人的失望和愤怒。
6 说善意谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说你的朋友问你对他唱歌的看法。你当然会说太棒了，尽管你偷偷地认为你的猫能唱得更好。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友想从你那里得到一些诚恳的评价，这样他们才能改进。又或者，他们需要知道他们应该换一个爱好了。
原文 呈现
7 Finally, we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news. If you've had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the latter ， don't you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings Wouldn't it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice ？
8 Going back to Walter Scott's lines, we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance. Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing？How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad Moreover， how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you？【4】
读文 清障
tear/t /眼泪，泪水
burst into tears突然大哭起来
latter/'l t /n.后者
the former... the latter... 前者……后者……
respect vt.& n．尊敬，尊重
ask for (one's) advice征求(某人的)建议
know in advance预知
in advance预先，提前
every time每次，每当(可当连词用，引导时间状语从句)
expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事
instead of代替；而不是……
moreover/m r' v /adv.此外，而且
hide... from隐藏；隐瞒
【4】画线部分为运用了排比修辞手法的三个句子，呼应了本段段首得出的结论——even
white lies have results we cannot know in advance，达到了强调论点的效果。
7 最后，当我们想保护别人不受坏消息的伤害时，我们也会撒个善意的谎。如果你度过了糟糕的一天，你会告诉你的父母呢，还是会隐藏你的眼泪，谎称你的一天“很好”？如果是后者，你不认为你的父母会想听你的倾诉，理解你的感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心，征求他们的意见，不是更好吗？
8 回到沃尔特·司各特的诗，我们可能会发现，即使是善意的谎言，也会带来无法预知的结果。也许你说的“美味的”一餐会在你每次来访时提供。如果你的朋友发现你说他歌声“美妙”是谎言，他还会相信你的意见吗？如果你只分享好消息而不提坏消息，你怎么能指望别人真正理解你的情绪呢？此外，如果你发现你最亲近的人一直在向你隐瞒真相，你会有什么感觉？
基础 自测
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．tangled adj.纠结的，复杂的
2．web n．蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
3．weave v．编，织
4．deceive v．欺骗
5．justify v．证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护
6．tear n．眼泪，泪水
7．latter n．后者
8．moreover adv.此外，而且
9．apart adv.分离，分开
10．fence n．栅栏，围栏，篱笆
拓展词汇
11．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地
12．independent adj.独立的→independently adv.独立地
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．tell_a_lie 说谎
2．white_lies 善意的谎言
3．protect..._from... 保护……免受……
4．tell_the_truth 说实话
5．to_what_extent 到何种程度上
6．in_advance 提前
7．hide..._from... 隐藏……以躲避……
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
[句式分析]
Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge most of the lies are “white lies”： .
[尝试翻译] 也许我们会安慰自己，我们所说的大多数谎言都是“善意的谎言”：为了保护他人不受真相的伤害而说的小谎。
2．However, when we lie and say that someone's haircut looks good, or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else
[句式分析]
However， we lie and say or we say , are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else
[尝试翻译] 然而，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说我们喜欢一顿我们暗暗讨厌的饭时，我们真的希望为别人改善状况吗？_
词汇 精讲
1．score v．得分；进球 n．得分；二十
[教材P10]I only scored 60.我仅仅得了60分。
归纳拓展
(1)score full marks 得满分 score a goal 进球 (2)make a score 得分 a score (of)．.. 二十个…… scores of 许多；大
佳句背诵
Who scored the first goal for our team last night
昨晚谁为我们的队进的第一个球？
巧学活用
完成句子
①Jack scored_full_marks in the English test yesterday.
杰克在昨天的英语测试中得了满分。
②We have fought scores_of battles in order to win victory.
为了赢得胜利，我们进行了数十次战斗。
2．remain vi.仍然；剩下；停留
[教材P11]Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well known excerpts of Scottish poetry.沃尔特·司各特的这几行诗句是两百多年前写的，至今仍是苏格兰诗歌中最著名的节选之一。
归纳拓展
(1)remain＋adj./n./分词/介词短语 仍然是…… remain to be done (某事)有待去做 (2)remaining adj.剩余的；留下的 the
