Unit 2 Making a difference
单元目标解读 ·学科素养达成
[单元目标]
单元课程探究 单元内容分析
Starting out & Understanding ideas The Well That Changed the World(改变世界的井) 通过讲述Ryan帮助解决非洲缺水问题的故事，让人们感受到只要有勇气和毅力就能把理想变成现实 本单元涉及的话题是做人与做事，并通过文本材料呈现以下内容：只要有勇气和毅力就可以把理想变成现实；尼古拉斯·温顿非比寻常的英雄故事
Grammar ed as attributive(过去分词作定语)
Developing ideas THE POWER of GOOD(善的力量) 通过讲述尼古拉斯·温顿拯救669名犹太儿童的故事，让我们感受到他的善良、勇气和谦虚低调
Writing a biography 写一篇传记。该类作文以叙述为主，叙述一个人的最大成就、主要事件和对这个人物的评价
单元核心素养 增进学生进一步了解如何做人与做有意义的事，让学生了解做一个改变世界的人要具备的优秀素质
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
原文 呈现
The Well That Changed the World
1 As a six year old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing① the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain②. It was very close—only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself，“Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water every day And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick？【1】” Young Ryan thought，“Life is easy for me，but hard for those people. Why don't I help？”
2 At first，his plan was to earn③ money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity④， he was told that it actually⑤ cost $2,000 to build a well. Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand pump.【2】 Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn't help the children. What they needed was a well dug near their homes.
读文 清障
①have trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难
have trouble with sth.
因……苦恼；在某方面有麻烦
②fountain /'fa ntIn/ n．喷水池
③earn / n/ v．挣(钱)
④charity /'t r ti/ n．慈善机构
⑤actually /' kt u li/ adv.实际上
【1】本句使用了“so... that...”结构，that引导结果状语从句；makes them sick为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
【2】表示时间、距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的可数名词复数作主语时，常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
改变世界的井
1 作为一个6岁的加拿大男生，瑞安很难相信老师说的话，在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人得不到足够的干净的水。他的目光掠过教室看了看喷泉式饮水器。离这里很近，只有十步之遥。所以，瑞安自问：“为什么有些非洲孩子每天要走10千米才能取到水？为什么水这么脏以致让他们生病？”年轻的瑞安想：“生活对我来说很容易，但对那些人来说很难。我为什么不帮忙呢？”
2 起初，他的计划是挣钱，然后在非洲某地建一口井。他为家人和邻居擦窗户和做园艺。他很快就达到了第一个目标——拥有70美元，但当他把钱捐给慈善机构时，却被告知建一口井实际上需要2 000美元。七十美元只够买一个手动泵。瑞安明白手动泵无法帮到(非洲的)孩子们。他们需要的是在家附近挖一口井。
原文 呈现
3 Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn't give up⑥.He was determined to⑦ help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help⑧ from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded⑨ them to donate⑩ money. At the same time ， a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.
4 In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well【3】 with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children.He broke into a joyful smile .
读文 清障
⑥give up 放弃
⑦be determined to do sth.下定决心去做某事
determine /dI't rmIn/ v．查明；决定
determination n．决心
⑧ask for help 求助
⑨persuade /p 'sweId/ v．说服，劝说
persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
persuade sb. into doing...说服某人做……
⑩donate /d 'neIt/ v．捐赠，捐献
donate blood 献血
donation n．捐赠，捐献
at the same time 同时
no longer 不再
invite /In'vaIt/ v．邀请
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
invitation n．邀请
delighted /dI'laItId/ adj.高兴的，愉快的，快乐的
turn out出席，在场
make a difference 产生重大影响
break into a smile 突然笑起来
【3】过去分词finished作前置定语，修饰well。
3 对瑞安来说，2 000美元是一大笔钱，但他没有放弃。他决心帮助其他孩子喝上干净的水。他开始向同学和邻居求助，并劝说他们捐款。与此同时，瑞安母亲的一位朋友帮忙把他的故事传播了出去。几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，他用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。学校的孩子们不再需要步行几个小时去取水。他们很感激他，邀请他来参观。
4 在乌干达，瑞安终于亲眼看到了这口已经完工的井。但那并不是全部。他还看到数百名高兴的学生前来欢迎他。他们高兴地唱歌跳舞。有些人甚至给他食物和礼物。起初瑞安很紧张，但很快他就感到非常温暖。他真的给这些孩子带来了改变。他高兴地笑了起来。
原文 呈现
5 Later, Ryan's experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan's foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life changing gift of clean, safe water.
6 Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask【4】 is not “Why don't I help？”， but “How can I help today？”. This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six year old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.
读文 清障
set up 建立
foundation /fa n'deI ( )n/ n．基金会
attract support from...吸引……的支持
go on (with sth.)(尤指停顿或中断之后)继续(做某事)，持续
benefit from 受益于
life changing adj.改变生活的
[构词法]由“名词＋现在分词”构成的复合形容词常作定语或表语。常见的此类形容词还有peace loving(热爱和平的)，time saving(节省时间的)等。
insight /'InsaIt/n.顿悟，猛醒
insight into 洞察；对……深入理解
perseverance n．不屈不挠，坚持不懈
reality /ri' lIti/ n．真实，现实
【4】此处是不定式作后置定语，修饰the question。下一句中的to make his dream a reality同理亦然。
5 之后，瑞安的经历促使他建立了一个鼓励更多人去帮助别人的基金会。许多受鼓舞的人支持他。瑞安基金会继续吸引了越来越多的人的支持，所以建设更多水井的工作可以继续下去。现在，来自非洲16个国家的80多万人受益于这一改变生活的礼物——清洁、安全的水。
6 现在，作为一个成年人，瑞安说要问的问题不是“我为什么不帮忙？”，而是“我今天如何能帮上忙？”。这份领悟源于一个六岁男孩的坚定态度，他有勇气和毅力使他的梦想变成现实。
基础 自测
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．internal adj.内部的
2．fund v．为……提供资金，资助 n．基金
3．recycle v．再利用，回收利用
4．fountain n．喷水池
5．earn v．挣(钱)
6．foundation n．基金会
7．insight n．顿悟，猛醒
8．perseverance n．不屈不挠，坚持不懈
拓展词汇
9．contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献；捐献；投(稿)→contributor n．作出贡献者；捐助者；投稿者
10．relief n．减轻，缓解→relieve vt.减轻，解除→relieved adj.感到宽慰的
11．shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏→short adj.短的；矮的；短缺的，紧俏的→shorten v．缩短，(使)变短
12．effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n．效果；作用
13．donate v．捐赠，捐献→donation n．捐赠；赠送；捐赠物
14．reality n．真实，现实→realize v．实现；意识到；领会→realistic adj.现实的；逼真的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．make a difference 有影响
2．make money 挣钱
3．under control 在控制之中
4．set up 建立
5．at first 起先，刚开始
6．give up 放弃
7．at the same time 同时
8．benefit from 从……中获益
9．break into a smile 突然笑起来
10．no longer 不再
11．be grateful to sb. 感激某人
12．turn out 原来是；结果是；出席；在场
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．As a six year old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water.
[句式分析]
As a six year old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words couldn't get enough clean water.
[尝试翻译] 作为一个6岁的加拿大男生，瑞安很难相信老师说的话，在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人得不到足够的干净的水。
2．He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost $2,000 to build a well.
[句式分析]
He soon reached his first target of $70, but ，he was told
[尝试翻译] 他很快就达到了第一个目标——拥有70美元，但当他把钱捐给慈善机构时，却被告知建一口井实际上需要2 000美元。
3．After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000，with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.
[句式分析]
After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000， Uganda.
[尝试翻译] 几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，他用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。
语篇 细研
第一遍：快读课文，把握段落大意
段落 关键词(句) 概括段意
Paragraph 1 had trouble believing..., couldn't get enough clean water, close—only ten steps away, sick, hard, help
Paragraphs 2～4 earn money, cleaned windows, did gardening, $70, a charity, $2,000, a hand pump
didn't give up, determined, ask for help, donate, go public, built, no longer; grateful
the finished well, delighted, welcome, offered, a great warmth, made a difference, joyful
Paragraph 5 set up a foundation，encourage, attract support，more wells, go on, benefited
Paragraph 6 determined attitude, courage, perseverance, make his dream a reality
答案：Paragraph 1 The reason why Ryan built a well for African children.
Paragraphs 2～4 Ryan's process of building wells for African children.
Paragraph 5 Ryan set up a foundation to encourage more people to help Africans.
Paragraph 6 Ryan's childhood dream came true.
第二遍：精读课文，完成下列题目
1．精读文章第1段，判断正(T)误(F)。
(1)Ryan didn't believe his teacher's words.(F)
(2)Ryan thought life was hard for some African children.(T)
2．精读文章第2段，完成下列题目。
(1)Why did Ryan clean windows and do gardening for neighbours
答案：To earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.
(2)What did the African children really need
答案：A well dug near their homes.
3．精读文章第3、4段，完成下列题目。
(1)Who plays the biggest role in helping Ryan raise money
答案：A friend of Ryan's mother.
(2)Why did a great warmth fill Ryan
答案：He really helped African children.
4．精读文章第5、6段，完成下列题目。
(1)Why can the work of building wells go on
答案：More and more people are getting involved.
(2)What made Ryan's dream come true
答案：Determination, courage and perseverance.
词汇 精讲
1．contribution n．贡献
[教材P17]the contribution these people made to society这些人对社会做出的贡献
归纳拓展
(1)make a contribution/contributions to 为……做出贡献；给……捐款
(2)contribute v．捐献，捐(款)；贡献；投(稿)；促成，促使
contribute... to... 把……贡献给……；给……捐(款)；往……投(稿)
contribute to 促成；导致；有助
佳句背诵
His contribution could be key.
他的贡献可能是最重要的。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①His experience contributed greatly to the success of his novel.
②We hope your suggestion will contribute to solving(solve) the problem.
2．relief n．减轻，缓解；轻松
[教材P17]The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried, is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed.病人在皮肤被仔细清洗和擦干后所体验到的轻松和舒适程度，是在病床上最常观察到的内容之一。
归纳拓展
(1)to one's relief(＝to the relief of sb.)令某人宽慰的是
(2)relieve vt.解除，缓和(不快或痛苦)；减轻(问题的严重性)；调剂；使有趣
relieve sb. of... 解除某人的(负担、职务等)
(3)relieved adj.感到宽慰的，放心
佳句背诵
Relief supplies were rushed in.
救援物资很快就运来了。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①To the parents' relief, their children arrived at home safely.
②It will relieve her of a tremendous burden.
③I'm relieved(relieve) to learn that you have recovered from your illness.
3．effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的
[教材P18]Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.现在勾选你认为为非洲提供淡水最有效的解决方案。
归纳拓展
(1)effect n．效果；作用；影响
have an effect on 对……有影响
bring/put... into effect 使……实施/生效
come into effect＝take effect 生效；开始实施
in effect 事实上；在实行中；有效
(2)effectively adv.有效地；实际上；事实
佳句背诵
All these techniques are equally effective.
所有这些方法都同等有效。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①Every word from the parents will have an effect on their children.
②The suggestions were adopted and brought into effect.
③This regulation will come into effect from September 1, 2021.
④In effect, that should kill two birds with one stone.
4．shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏
[教材P18]Read the passage and find out what Ryan did to help solve the problem of water shortage in Africa.阅读这篇文章，弄清瑞安为帮助解决非洲缺水问题所做的事。
归纳拓展
(1)short adj.短的；个子矮的；短缺的；紧俏的
be short for 是……的简称/缩写
for short 简称；缩写为
be short of 缺乏，缺少；未达到
in short 总之，简言之
(2)shorten v．缩短，(使)变
佳句背诵
There is an acute shortage of water.
水严重短缺。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①UN is short for the United Nations. So, we call it UN for short. In the past, the world was short of fairness. But, nowadays, with the help of UN, we are living in a fair world. In short, I believe the world will become better and better!
②It is well known that smoking will shorten(short) people's lives.
5．donate v．捐赠；赠送
[教材P19]He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuade them to donate money.他开始向同学和邻居寻求帮助，劝说他们捐款。
归纳拓展
(1)donate sth. to sb. 向……捐赠……
(2)donation n．捐赠；捐赠物
donator n．捐赠
佳句背诵
They should donate at the registration point.
他们应该在注册登记处捐款。
一言助记
There were many people donating clothes they don't use, and with the help of the donators and their donations, the poor children would have a warm winter.有很多人捐赠他们不用的衣服，在捐赠者和他们的捐赠物品的帮助下，贫穷的孩子们将有一个温暖的冬天。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①You can of course help by giving them a donation(donate) directly.
②Medical science has proved that donating blood is good for the donator(donate) both physically and spiritually.
③We are planning to donate money to a charity and want it to have a major impact on people.
6．break into a smile 突然笑起来
[教材P20]He broke into a joyful smile.他高兴地笑了起来。
归纳拓展
break into 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、哭等)
break in 打断；强行进入
break out 爆发；突然开始
break up (关系)破裂；粉碎；解散；(学校)放假
break through 突破；冲破
break down 出故障；垮掉；(使)分
佳句背诵
May love catch you by the throat and force your lips to break into a smile.
愿爱掐住你的脖子，逼你唇上绽出微笑。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①We had to break into the house as we had lost the key.
②Mary broke into tears when hearing the news.
③I was still living in London when the war broke out.
④Don't break in when he is telling the story.
⑤He has broken up with his girlfriend.
⑥Your health will break down if you work too hard.
句式 突破
1.But that was not all.[教材P20]
但那并不是全部。
句式分析
该句是表示部分否定的句型。all... not...＝not all...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。
归纳拓展
当not与all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及“every＋名词”出现在同一个句子中时，不管not 在它们之前还是之后，都表示部分否定
当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no, none, nobody, nothing, no one, neither等词与谓语动词的肯定式连用来表达
佳句背诵
So why do we not all use the same money
那么我们为何不全都使用同一种货币呢？
巧学活用
句式转换
①Every boy is not interested in sports.
＝Not every boy is interested in sports.
②As far as I know, not both of them smoke.
＝As far as I know, both of them don't smoke.
完成句子
③None of us was allowed to go there.
我们全都不被允许去那里。
2．This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six year old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.[教材P20]
这份领悟源于一个六岁男孩的坚定态度，他有勇气和毅力使他的梦想变成现实。
句式分析
句中make his dream a reality为make ＋宾语＋宾语补足语，名词a reality为宾语补足语。
归纳拓展
(1)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词、介词短语充当。
(2)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置。即：make＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式短语或从句(宾语补足语由名词或形容词充当)。常用于此结构中的动词还有：think, believe, find, consider, feel等
当“make＋宾语＋do sth.”变为被动语态时，不定式符号“to”要还原
佳句背诵
Praise makes good men better and bad men worse.
[谚语]表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①The police made them stand against the wall.
＝They were made by the police to stand (stand) against the wall.
②I find it hard to remember(remember) these words in a short time.
③I must make it clear that I'll always support you.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The project has been cancelled because of lack of funds(资金)．
2．We have no interest in interfering in the internal(内部的) affairs of other countries.
3．With a flash of insight(顿悟) I realized what the dream meant.
4．Perseverance(恒心) leads to success.
5．Much to my relief the car was not damaged, and we were all safe, too.
6．Famous people shouldn't be allowed to earn money from advertising.
7．Can we recycle the waste plastics instead of throwing them away
8．It's important to distinguish reality from dreams.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(short)．
2．It is obvious that China can make a difference in the world today and tomorrow.
3．In this painting, Picasso showed his feelings about what had happened to the town.
4．This is the man from whom I learned the news.
5．The explosion shook the foundations(found) of the houses nearby.
6．The reality(real) is that there is not enough money to pay for this project.
Ⅲ.选词填空
make a difference; give up; set up; break into; benefit from; turn out; be grateful to; have trouble
1．The program had to be given up because of shortage of money and materials.
2．You can imagine what great trouble we had setting up the school for the blind.
3．Cosgrave's forecast turned out to be completely wrong yesterday.
4．Your support will certainly make a difference in my career.
5．I never have trouble sleeping in a strange place.
6．We can benefit from what you said at the meeting.
7．The house broken into last week is located by the lake.
8．A happy man will cherish what he has and is grateful to life.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you're afraid to do.
振作起来。勇敢就是做你害怕做的事情。
2．Reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on the children.
阅读传统文化书籍对孩子有很好的影响。
3．I have great trouble (in) learning maths and I am so worried.
在学习数学方面，我遇到很大的困难，这让我很担心。
4．What he needed was a hot bath and a good sleep.
他所需要的是泡个热水澡和睡个好觉。
5．Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage.
尊重和友爱是婚姻的牢固基础。
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Six year old Canadian schoolboy Ryan couldn't believe that many people in 1.________(develop) African countries couldn't get enough clean water. So, Ryan decided 2.________(earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He 3.________(clean) windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours, reaching his first target of $70 soon. But he 4.________(tell) that $70 wasn't enough for a well. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded 5.________(they) to donate money. At 6.________ same time, a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with 7.________ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school were grateful 8.________ him and invited him to visit. He 9.________(real) had made a difference for these children.
Later, Ryan set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many 10.________(inspire) people gave him their support. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life changing gift of clean, safe water.
1．解析：考查形容词。句意：6岁的加拿大男学生瑞安无法相信在非洲欠发达国家的许多人无法获得足够的洁净水。本空修饰名词countries，根据句意可知，应用形容词developing“发展中的”。
答案：developing
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所以，瑞安决定赚钱为了在非洲某个地方打一口单井。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，故本空应用不定式作宾语。
答案：to earn
3．解析：考查时态。句意：他为家人和邻居擦窗户并干园艺活，很快就达到了他第一个目标——(赚了)70美元。根据空后动词did可知，本空也用一般过去时。
答案：cleaned
4．解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：但是他被告知，70美元不够建一口井。根据前后句时态可知，本空应用一般过去时，且主语he和动词tell之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语he为单数，故be动词用was。
答案：was told
5．解析：考查代词。句意：他开始向同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。本空在句中作动词persuaded的宾语，故本空应用代词的宾格形式。
答案：them
6．解析：考查冠词。句意：与此同时，瑞安母亲的一位朋友帮忙把他的故事传播了出去。at the same time意为“同时，与此同时”，故本空应用定冠词the。
答案：the
7．解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。本空引导非限制性定语从句，指代$2,000，并在从句中作介词with的宾语，故本空应用关系代词which。
答案：which
8．解析：考查介词。句意：这个学校的孩子们很感激他，并且邀请他去参观。be grateful to sb.意为“感激某人”，故本空应用介词to。
答案：to
9．解析：考查副词。句意：他真的给这些孩子带来了改变。分析句子可知本空作状语，故应用副词really。
答案：really
10．解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意：许多受到激励的人给予他支持。本空修饰名词people，people和动词inspire之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词inspired作定语。
答案：inspired
课时作业(四) Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He was awarded a prize for his contribution(s)(贡献) to world peace.
2．We should recycle(回收利用) the used things, such as paper.
3．This medicine brings considerable relief(减轻) from the pain.
4．The local people lined up to donate(捐献) money to the earthquake hit area.
5．The going was slow on the project because of a shortage(短缺) of skilled workers.
6．Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective(有效的) ways to improve our English writing ability.
7．After puberty, the body's internal(内部的) clock changes so it is difficult for teens to fall asleep before 11 p．m.
8．If you're familiar with the story “The Tortoise and the Hare”， you will know that the tortoise proves that perseverance(坚持不懈) is much more important than speed.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．He decided to set up a school for the poor children in the mountain villages.
2．Despite the efforts, the result of the experiment did not turn out to be the way the researchers had expected.
3．When seeing her daughter wearing the academic dress and speaking on stage yesterday, the mother's face broke into a delighted smile.
4．After helping clean the window, he looked across the room to see if there was anything else he could do.
5．Thanks to Chinese authorities' effective measures, the spreading of the disease is under control.
6．They come to realize that the age shouldn't make a difference to whether they choose to study further or not.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．If you have trouble ________(fall) asleep, this method may help with your sleep problems.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你在入睡方面有困难，这个方法能帮助你解决你的睡眠问题。have trouble (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”。
答案：falling
2．Never losing faith in himself, the scientist was determined ________(carry) on with his research, no matter what others said.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：不管别人说什么，这位科学家从未丧失信心，下定决心要继续他的研究工作。be determined to do sth.“下定决心做某事”。
答案：to carry
3．The rich man is so mean with money that he doesn't want to help those ________ need.
解析：考查介词。in need为固定短语，意为“需要帮助的；生活困难的”。
答案：in
4．Kids can benefit ________ having access to a large number of learning materials and reading on a regular basis.
解析：考查介词。benefit from...为固定用法，表示“受益于……，从……中获益”。
答案：from
5．The Silk Road was a network of trade routes connecting China and the rest of the world, along ________ people, goods and ideas flowed from China to India, Iran and Europe.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“along ________”引导非限制性定语从句，空处作介词along的宾语，指物，故填which。
答案：which
6．One of the most ________(effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：减轻压力的最有效的方法之一是和你信任的人谈论你的感受。空处修饰名词，应用形容词形式。
答案：effective
7．To his parents' ________(relieve), the boy made a quick recovery after the operation.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：令他父母欣慰的是，这个男孩手术后恢复得很快。to one's relief为固定短语，意为“令某人欣慰的是”。
答案：relief
8．It is disappointing that the research has to stop because of the ________(short) of money.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：由于资金短缺，该项研究不得不停止，这令人感到失望。根据句意且结合空前的定冠词the和空后的of可知，空处应用名词形式。the shortage of “缺乏……”。
答案：shortage
Ⅳ.阅读理解
The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80 year old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.
“It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由慈善机构发起的通过让护理中心的老年人养鸡来降低他们的孤独感的项目。
1．What is the purpose of the project
A．To ensure harmony in care homes.
B．To provide part time jobs for the aged.
C．To raise money for medical research.
D．To promote the elderly people's welfare.
解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段的“The project... to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing.”可知，该项目的目的是减少老年人的孤独感并改善他们的健康。D项的welfare意为“幸福；安全与健康”，是wellbeing的同义复现。故选D项。
答案：D
2．How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A．She has learned new life skills.
B．She has gained a sense of achievement.
C．She has recovered her memory.
D．She has developed a strong personality.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的“it feels great to have done something useful”可知，露丝认为完成一件有用的事感觉很棒。由此推知，她从养鸡这一活动中找到了意义并获得了成就感。故选B项。
答案：B
3．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in Paragraph 7
A．Improve. B．Oppose.
C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段可知，温迪·威尔逊说人们喜欢这个项目的构思并且他们期盼此项目给大家带来益处和乐趣；结合倒数第二段的“one of the first to embark on the project”可知，此处应是指最早开始推行养鸡项目的那些人。由此推知，embark on在此处意为“开始”，与C项同义。故选C项。
答案：C
4．What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A．It is well received.
B．It needs to be more creative.
C．It is highly profitable.
D．It takes ages to see the results.
解析：推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.”和最后一段的林恩·刘易斯的话可知，该养鸡项目获得了一致好评。 故选A项。
答案：A
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Every time Jim crossed the street on his way to work, he would see a little girl selling flowers on the street. She sat by a large green board with the names of the flowers and their prices on it. Unfortunately, no one paid attention to her, and she rarely sold anything. Jim wanted to help her, and one day he got his chance. His aunt would retire, and he thought a bouquet (花束) would be a great gift.
“Hello, could you please make me a bouquet of roses？” Jim said as he approached the girl.
The girl didn't raise her head and just stared at the same spot on the ground. “I'm Cassy. Thank you for buying flowers from me，” she said. “Could you please select the flowers by yourself and give them to me I will tie them together for you. I can't see.”
“Oh, I'm sorry，” Jim said as he picked the flowers and handed them to her. Within several seconds, the girl made a lovely bouquet for Jim.
“Here，” she said, holding the bouquet. “That'll be $5.”
“Thanks. They're beautiful，” Jim said and walked away after placing the money in the hat beside Cassy.
The next day, Jim went to work and he decided to have a quick talk with Cassy on the way. However, he didn't see Cassy where she used to be that morning. He thought she might be late and decided to meet her the next day, but she didn't show up for the next few days in a row (连续地).
Jim was concerned about Cassy, wondering if something bad had happened to Cassy. Surprisingly, he finally met Cassy again on the street with her flowers.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Jim was so delighted to see Cassy that he ran to her at once.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Jim then drove Cassy to her home, where he met her sick mother, Jade.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Jim was so delighted to see Cassy that he ran to her at once. However, to his shock, Cassy seemed tired and pale. He approached her worriedly. “Cassy, what happened to you Do you still remember me？” “The one who bought roses？” “Yes, that's me. I'm worried about you. You haven't been here for days.” “Well, I am okay，” she said. “Mom suffered from an illness, and I had to look after her. She needs surgery (手术), so I have to work harder to earn more money.” Jim listened, and tears welled up in his eyes. He told Cassy that he wanted to visit her mother, and Cassy agreed.
Jim then drove Cassy to her home, where he met her sick mother, Jade. Jim noticed the poor conditions they were living in and decided to do something to help them. He posted their story online and many people offered help. Thanks to Jim and those kind hearted people, Cassy's mother underwent surgery and finally recovered. On the day Jade was discharged from hospital, Jim bought a bouquet for her from Cassy. Jim hoped they could live a happy life with love.
Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．mission n．职责；使命
2．disease n．疾病，病
3．territory n．地区，地方
4．sensitive adj.敏感的，容易生气的
5．cancer n．癌症
6．royal adj.王室的，皇家的
7．institution n．机构，团体
拓展词汇
8．extend v．持续；延伸→extension n．延长；延伸→extensive adj.广阔的；广大的；大量的
9．disability n．残疾，残障→disabled adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的
10．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的→generosity n．慷慨；大方；宽宏大量
11．hesitate v．迟疑，犹豫→hesitation n．犹豫，踌躇
12．assistance n．帮助，援助→assist v．帮助；协助→assistant n．助手；助理
13．registration n．登记，注册→register v．登记，注册
14．confirmation n．证实，证明→confirm vt.证实，确认
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．take up 开始干(工作)，开始从事；占用，占领，占据
2．come up with 想出，提出(计划、想法等)
3．cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来，使某人高兴起来
4．come across 偶然遇见
5．play an important role in 在……中起重要作用，在……中扮演重要角色
6．take notes 记笔记
7．in spite of 尽管；不管，不顾
Ⅲ.经典结构
1．Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.
现在，选出你认为最有效地为非洲提供淡水的解决方案。
2．As a six year old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water.
作为一个六岁的加拿大学生，瑞安很难相信他的老师所说的话，即发展中非洲国家的许多人无法获得足够的清洁水。
Ⅳ.必备语法
ed as attributive 过去分词作定语
1. ...Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken(speak) by his teacher...
2．In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished(finish) well with his own eyes.
3．Many inspired(inspire) people gave him their support.
4．The well built(build) by Ryan solved the problem of worldwide water shortage.
词汇 精讲
1．hesitate v．迟疑，犹豫
[教材P23]She's usually very shy, but she's generous and never hesitates to help.她通常很害羞，但她很慷慨，毫不犹豫地提供帮助。
归纳拓展
(1)hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
hesitate about/over sth. 对某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n．犹豫，踌躇；勉强，不情愿
without hesitation 毫不犹豫
佳句背诵
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
如果有问题就请尽管和我联系。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①She hesitated about/over the choice between the two dresses.
②Once I decide what I want to do, I will do it without hesitation(hesitate)．
2．assistance n．帮助，援助
[教材P24]In China, volunteers are also playing an increasingly important role in environmental protection, disability assistance and many other fields.在中国，志愿者在环保、助残和诸多其他领域上也发挥着越来越重要的作用。
归纳拓展
(1)come to one's assistance 来帮助某人
with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下
(2)assist v．帮助；协助；援助
assist sb. with... 在……上帮助某人
assist sb. to do sth.＝assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(3)assistant n．助手；助
佳句背诵
Could you give us some assistance with this work
你能就这项工作给我们一些帮助吗？
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance(assist)．
②Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries.
③Julia was assisting him to prepare(prepare) his speech.
④We will assist you in finding(find) somewhere to live.
过去分词作定语
语法 讲习
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语
一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
The recovered animals will be released soon.
痊愈的动物会很快被释放。
①有些过去分词表示特定含义，并单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.
剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved
还有什么没解决的吗
(2)后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
Last Tuesday in a mountainous area, there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately (＝which were killed almost immediately) when thunder struck.
上周二在一个山区，当雷击发生时，有173只羊几乎立刻被(雷电)击死。
[即时演练1]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①Earth Day，marked(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
②Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend) with his students.
③To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study conducted(conduct) in Australia in 2012.
④The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
同义句转换
⑤He is a teacher loved by his students.
→He is a teacher who is loved by his students.
⑥The girl, who was brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now.
→The girl, brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now.
2．过去分词作定语时的意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。
Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.(表示被动)
卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表示被动和完成)
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.
上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。
[即时演练2]
请判断下列句子中加黑部分属于哪种情况
A．只表示被动 B．只表示完成 C．既表示被动又表示完
①America is a developed country.B
②I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers.A
③Is there anything planned for the weekend？C
3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
语态 时态
过去分词 被动 完成
现在分词 主动 进行
As we all know, China is a developing country.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
The visitor came from a developed country.
这位游客来自一个发达国家。
[即时演练3]
用分词作定语补全句子
①Even though it is still in summer, there are many fallen leaves on the ground.
尽管仍是夏天，但地上有很多的落叶。
②Nowadays there are a lot of man made satellites flying in space.
如今在太空中有许许多多人造卫星在飞行。
4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 将来
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
[即时演练4]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①The cars being sold(sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.
②Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
③There are still many problems to be solved(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We should learn from advanced(advance) workers.
2．He can walk only with the assistance(assist) of crutches.
3．Employment is a very sensitive(sense) issue.
4．You cannot accept an opinion offered(offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
5．It was generous(generously) of him to offer to pay for us.
6．The student likes reading stories written(write) by Mark Twain.
7．Many used(use) computers will be sold in this market.
8．Please do not hesitate to contact(contact) me if you have any queries.
Ⅱ.句型转换(用现在分词改写下列句子)
1．We must adapt our thinking to the conditions that changed.
→We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.
2．The story which/that was written by a little boy is popular in schools.
→The story written by a little boy is popular in schools.
3．The man who had retired was much interested in painting.
→The retired man was much interested in painting.
4．Nothing that was reported interested him.
→Nothing reported interested him.
5．The student who is dressed in blue is my son.
→The student dressed in blue is my son.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He threw away the broken cup, which kept him company for three years.
他把那个坏杯子扔掉了，那个杯子陪伴了他三年。
2．He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
3．The experience gained is very useful.
获取的经验很有用。
4．People have been worried about pollution caused by fuels like petrol and gas for a long time now.
人们一直为汽油、煤气等燃料带来的污染担忧。
5．He is always wearing a satisfied smile on his face.
他总是面带满意的微笑。
课时作业(五) Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I'm waiting for the confirmation(证实) of the news.
2．The garden extends(延伸) as far as the foot of the hill.
3．She offered me practical assistance(帮助) with my research.
4．Marriage without registration(登记) is not recognized by law.
5．He is a generous(慷慨的) person who always helps others.
6．No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease(疾病) at that time.
7．His whole life has been devoted to studying the origin of cancer(癌症)．
8．He considers it his mission(使命) to help people in this area become rich.
9．Some of us are sensitive(敏感的) to smells; others find colours easier to remember.
10．To build the famous royal(皇家的) garden, the Qing government invested lots of manpower and physical resources in it.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The express company promises that the items ________(order) online can be delivered in 24 hours.
解析：句意：这家快递公司承诺，网上订购的商品会在24小时内发货。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语。order和items为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填ordered。
答案：ordered
2．The three thieves ________(catch) by the police admitted that they had sold the sculpture.
解析：联系句意可知，此处表示被警方抓获的三个小偷，catch和thieves为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填caught。
答案：caught
3．Standing at the top of Mount Tai and watching the ________(rise) sun, we felt a strong sense of pride.
解析：句意：站在泰山的山顶，看着正在升起的太阳，我们感到很自豪。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处作定语修饰sun，且sun与rise之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填rising。
答案：rising
4．Lying on the ________(fall) leaves and looking at the white clouds in the sky, we felt really relaxed.
解析：句意：躺在落叶上，望着天上的白云，我们感觉非常放松。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰leaves。结合句意可知，此处应用过去分词作定语表示动作已经完成。fallen leaves“落叶”。
答案：fallen
5．The matter ________(discuss) at the moment is of vital importance.
解析：句意：此时正在讨论的问题十分重要。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语。discuss和matter之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据时间状语at the moment可知，此处表示正在进行的动作，故用“being＋过去分词”结构。
答案：being discussed
6．He is invited to the meeting ________(hold) next week.
解析：句意：他受邀参加将于下周举行的会议。分析句子结构可知，hold和meeting之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据时间状语next week可知，此处表示将来的动作，故用“to be＋过去分词”结构。
答案：to be held
Ⅲ.语法填空
A
Annie was 1.________(excite) to find her name on the list of the people 2.________(invite) to the royal ball at Windsor Castle. She took out the dress 3.________(buy) long ago for a special day. She turned around and around, enjoying her look in the mirror. The next day at the ball, she was well received as an 4.________(honour) guest. She danced with a few polite young men 5.________(introduce) to her. All in all, she found Windsor Castle to be a place which would never make anyone feel bored.
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了安妮受邀参加在温莎城堡举办的皇家舞会的经历及其感受。
1．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，结合语境，空处应用形容词形式。此处修饰Annie，表示“兴奋的，激动的”，故用 ed形式形容词excited。
答案：excited
2．解析：联系语境可知，此处表示受邀名单，invite和people之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填invited。
答案：invited
3．解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作定语。此处buy和dress之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语修饰dress。故填bought。
答案：bought
4．解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰guest, honoured guest为固定用法，表示“贵宾”。
答案：honoured
5．解析：联系语境可知，此处表示被介绍给她的年轻男士，introduce和men之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填introduced。
答案：introduced
B
I still remember my time 6.________(spend) travelling in Paris, a city 7.________(know) as “The capital of art”. Almost everything there left me a strong impression. I was surprised to find those well 8.________(preserve) old buildings such as the Palace of Versailles and the Louvre. At the same time, as the capital of one of the 9.________(develop) countries, many futuristic buildings with advanced high tech facilities could be found there. I felt it a pity to have my trip ended so soon.
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己游览巴黎的时光。
6．解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作定语。spend和time之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语修饰time。故填spent。
答案：spent
7．解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作定语。know和city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，“be known as...”为固定用法，意为“被称为……”。故填known。
答案：known
8．解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰old buildings，且preserve与old buildings之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，well preserved表示“保存完好的”。故填preserved。
答案：preserved
9．解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰countries，联系语境并结合常识可知，巴黎是法国的首都，而法国是发达国家，developed country“发达国家”；developing country“发展中国家”。故填developed。
答案：developed
Ⅳ.七选五
Sandstorms are among the most violent natural disasters. High winds lift dirt or sand into the air, causing damage, injuries, and deaths. __1__
__2__ If you have a mask, put it on immediately. If you don't have one, wrap a piece of cloth tightly around your head to protect your nose and mouth.
Look for shelter (避难所). Even a parked car will do, so long as it is off the road and not in danger of getting hit. Sand will fly around when it hits objects. __3__ If you cannot get to shelter, try to stay low to the ground and protect your head with your arms, a backpack or a pillow.
Protect yourself from flying objects. Look for a large rock to cover as much of your body as possible. __4__ Flying sand can hurt, but a dust storm's high winds can also carry heavier (more dangerous) objects.
Wait out the storm. __5__ It's much too dangerous. Stay where you are and wait for it to pass before you attempt to move to a different location. If you can quickly reach such shelter before a dust storm reaches you, get there as quickly as possible and stay inside. Close all windows and doors, and wait out the storm.
A．Cover your nose and mouth.
B．Wait other people to help you.
C．Staying out is a better choice.
D．Don't try to move through the storm.
E．This can protect you from flying sand.
F．So you should still try to cover as much of your skin and face as possible.
G．It's good to know what to do if you see a wall of sand.
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们应该如何应对沙尘暴。
1．解析：前文“Sandstorms are among the most violent natural disasters. High winds lift dirt or sand into the air, causing damage, injuries, and deaths.(沙尘暴是最严重的自然灾害之一。强风将泥土或沙子吹到空中，造成破坏、伤害和死亡。)”介绍沙尘暴的危害。结合选项可知，G项“如果你看到一堵沙墙，最好知道该怎么做。”承接前文，语意顺承，而且是对后文每段中心句提供的方法的总述。故选G项。
答案：G
2．解析：后文“If you don't have one, wrap a piece of cloth tightly around your head to protect your nose and mouth.(如果你没有口罩，用一块布紧紧裹住你的头，保护你的鼻子和嘴。)”介绍面对沙尘暴的做法。结合选项可知，A项“捂住口鼻。”为本段中心句，且和后文语意一致，且nose and mouth是词语复现。故选A项。
答案：A
3．解析：前文“Sand will fly around when it hits objects.(沙子碰到物体时会四处乱飞。)”介绍飞沙的情况。结合选项可知，F项“所以你还是应该尽可能多地遮住你的皮肤和脸。”承接前文，说明飞沙会造成伤害，所以作者给出建议。故选F项。
答案：F
4．解析：前文“Look for a large rock to cover as much of your body as possible.(找一块大石头，尽可能多地遮掩你的身体。)”给出具体建议。结合选项可知，E项“这可以保护你免受飞沙的伤害。”说明前文建议的好处。故选E项。
答案：E
5．解析：前文“Wait out the storm.(等沙尘暴过去。)”为中心句，为作者给出的建议，结合下一句“It's much too dangerous.(这样做太危险。)”。结合选项可知，D项“不要试图穿过风暴。”与中心句语意一致，后文的It指代“穿过风暴”这件事。故选D项。
答案：D
Ⅴ.完形填空
Can you remember the first time you received a generous act I can't, but I clearly remember the first time I understood the meaning of generosity.
I was in Grade Four. Fred was a boy in my class who lived in difficult conditions. His parents couldn't __1__ to buy him all the stationery (文具) that he needed, and one of the basic items he __2__ was colored pencils. So every time we needed to use colored pencils, Fred would __3__ some of mine.
Knowing this, my mother said it must have been hard for him to always __4__ others. Instead of driving home, she drove __5__ to the closest stationery shop and had me __6__ some for Fred.
The next day I was sent to school with these things and was told to give them to Fred __7__； I shouldn't cause Fred to feel __8__， but should just give them to him and tell him to keep them. Receiving these, Fred looked __9__ at first, then happy and proud. He had his own stationery!
To me, it's okay to let Fred use my pencils. __10__， my mom realized what a difference it would make for Fred to have his own. Generosity __11__ an opportunity to do something within your capability. Besides, it's never limited to __12__ things. Thinking creatively and sharing wisdom to help others find __13__ are also acts of generosity. Give someone your time and __14__ by listening mindfully. More importantly, it isn't doing something to be seen; it is giving with no __15__ of anything in return.
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的同学Fred家境贫困，买不起彩色铅笔，作者的妈妈主动买了一些，让作者送给Fred，这让Fred非常开心和自豪。作者从中认识到，要在力所能及的情况下对别人慷慨相助。
1．A．afford B．expect
C．refuse D．decide
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的父母买不起他需要的所有文具，而他缺少的基本用品之一是彩色铅笔。A.afford买得起；B.expect预计；C.refuse拒绝；D.decide决定。根据上文“Fred was a boy in my class who lived in difficult conditions.(Fred是我们班的一个男孩，生活在艰苦的环境中。)”可知，他的父母买不起他需要的所有文具。故选A。
答案：A
2．A．valued B．lost
C．mentioned D．lacked
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.valued重视；B.lost失去；C.mentioned提到；D.lacked缺少。根据下文“I was sent to school with these things and was told to give them to Fred(我带着这些东西被送到学校，并被告知要把它们送给Fred)”可知，Fred原先没有这些彩色铅笔。故选D。
答案：D
3．A．show B．collect
C．borrow D．exchange
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以每次我们需要用彩色铅笔时，Fred都会借我的一些。A.show显示；B.collect收集；C.borrow借；D.exchange交换。根据上文“and one of the basic items he __2__ was colored pencils”可知，他没有彩色铅笔，所以每次都会借作者的。故选C。
答案：C
4．A．care about B．rely on
C．cheer for D．call on
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：知道了这件事，我妈妈说他总是依赖别人一定很难。A.care about关心；B.rely on依赖；C.cheer for为……欢呼；D.call on呼吁。根据上文“every time we needed to use colored pencils, Fred would __3__ some of mine”可知，这里是说每次都依赖别人。故选B。
答案：B
5．A．directly B．carefully
C．exactly D．skillfully
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：她没有开车回家，而是直接开车去最近的文具店，让我为Fred挑选一些。A.directly直接地；B.carefully小心地；C.exactly精确地；D.skillfully巧妙地。根据上文“Instead of driving home”可知，妈妈直接开车去了文具店。故选A。
答案：A
6．A．remember B．select
C．design D．advise
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.remember记住；B.select挑选；C.design设计；D.advise建议。根据下文“I was sent to school with these things”可知，这里是说让作者挑选一些彩色铅笔给Fred。故选B。
答案：B
7．A．in time B．in person
C．in return D．in secret
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：第二天，我带着这些东西被送到学校，并被告知要秘密地把它们送给Fred。A.in time及时；B.in person亲自；C.in return作为回报；D.in secret秘密地。根据下文“I shouldn't cause Fred to feel __8__”可知，这里是为了照顾Fred的情绪，要悄悄地给他。故选D。
答案：D
8．A．embarrassed B．bored
C．disappointed D．surprised
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不应该让Fred感到尴尬，而应该把它们交给他，让他留下它们。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.bored无聊的；C.disappointed失望的；D.surprised惊讶的。根据上文“give them to Fred in __7__”可知，妈妈让作者悄悄给文具是为了不让Fred尴尬。故选A。
答案：A
9．A．active B．uncertain
C．joyful D．excited
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：收到这些东西，Fred一开始看起来很不确定，然后又高兴又自豪。A.active积极的；B.uncertain不确定的；C.joyful高兴的；D.excited兴奋的。根据空后的“at first, then happy and proud”可知，他起初不确定文具是送给他的，后来知道了是送给他的，他才开心起来。故选B。
答案：B
10．A．Moreover B．Otherwise
C．However D．Therefore
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我妈妈意识到Fred拥有自己的文具对他会有多大的不同。A.Moreover此外；B.Otherwise否则；C.However然而；D.Therefore因此。上文“To me, it's okay to let Fred use my pencils.(对我来说，让Fred用我的铅笔是可以的。)”讲作者觉得借给Fred文具没关系，这里讲作者的妈妈知道拥有属于自己的文具对Fred的意义，前后表示转折。故选C。
答案：C
11．A．offers B．loses
C．complains D．announces
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：慷慨提供了一个做力所能及的事情的机会。A.offers提供；B.loses失去；C.complains抱怨；D.announces宣布。根据空后的“an opportunity”可知，这里是说提供机会。故选A。
答案：A
12．A．grateful B．positive
C．material D．mental
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，慷慨并不局限于物质上的东西。A.grateful感激的；B.positive积极的；C.material物质的；D.mental心理上的。根据下文“Thinking creatively and sharing wisdom”可知，可以在物质上慷慨，也可以在思想上慷慨，慷慨不限于物质上的东西。故选C。
答案：C
13．A．solutions B．advice
C．benefits D．evidence
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：创造性思考和分享智慧以帮助他人找到解决方案也是慷慨之举。A.solutions解决方案；B.advice建议；C.benefits好处；D.evidence证据。根据空前的“Thinking creatively and sharing wisdom to help others find”可知，这里是说帮助别人找到解决方法。故选A。
答案：A
14．A．politeness B．attention
C．money D．curiosity
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：用心倾听，给别人时间和注意力。A.politeness礼貌；B.attention注意；C.money金钱；D.curiosity好奇心。根据空后的“by listening mindfully”可知，这里是说给别人的事情花时间和注意倾听也是慷慨。故选B。
答案：B
15．A．chance B．prize
C．satisfaction D．expectation
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，它不是在做一些让人看到的事情；它是不期待回报的付出。A.chance机会；B.prize奖品；C.satisfaction满意；D.expectation期待。根据空后的“anything in return”可知，这里是说不期待任何回报。故选D。
答案：D
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
原文 呈现
THE POWER of GOOD①
“The British Schindler”： the life of Nicholas Winton
1 It is August 1939，and a group of frightened children are boarding② a train at Prague's Wilson Station. Their heartbroken parents do not join them. Indeed, they fear③ they may never see their children again. But they know that their children will live. These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on④ to save from death at the hands of the Nazis 【1】．
2 Nicholas Winton was born on⑤ 19 May 1909 in London，to German Jewish parents. The family later took British nationality⑥. On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. He returned to Britain in 1931, where he worked in business 【2】．
读文 清障
①good n．熟词生义[U]善行，合乎道德的行为，正直的行为
the difference between good and evil善与恶的区别
②board /b d/vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)
③fear vt.& n．害怕
④go on to do sth.(完成某事后)接着做另一事
go on doing sth.不停地做某事
⑤be born on＋日期 出生于某日
be born in＋地点 出生于某地
⑥take British nationality获得英国国籍
【1】that引导的定语从句修饰children，且在从句中作save的宾语。
【2】where引导定语从句，修饰Britain。
善的力量
“英国辛德勒”：尼古拉斯·温顿的生平
1 1939年8月，一群受惊的孩子正在布拉格威尔逊车站上火车。他们伤心欲绝的父母却没有上车。事实上，他们担心再也见不到自己的孩子了。但他们知道他们的孩子会活着。这些孩子大部分是犹太人，他们是尼古拉斯·温顿将从纳粹的死亡之手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。
2 尼古拉斯·温顿于1909年5月19日出生在伦敦，父母是德裔犹太人。这一家人后来取得了英国国籍。离开学校后，温顿在德国和法国的银行工作过。他于1931年回到英国经营生意。
原文 呈现
3 In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid⑦ people who were escaping from⑧ the Nazis【3】. In Prague，Winton saw people living in terrible conditions⑨ and whose lives were in danger⑩【4】. He decided to help transport children to safety in Britain. He established an office to keep records of the children，and then returned to Britain to find temporary homes for them. He used donated funds 【5】 and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required【6】. By August 1939，Winton had saved 669 children.
4 During World WarⅡ， Winton served as an officer in Britain's Royal Air Force. He left the military in 1954. He then worked for international charities and for various companies. For the most part, he did not mention the children he saved, and his actions soon disappeared from people's memories.
读文 清障
⑦aid /e d/v.帮助，援助
⑧escape from... 从……中逃跑；逃离……
⑨live in... conditions生活在……环境中
condition在此表示“(居住、工作或做事情的)环境，境况；条件”，常用复数形式。
⑩in danger处于危险中
in danger of... 处于……危险中
establish / 'st bl / vt.建立，创立，设立
establishment n．建立，确立
keep records of... 记录……
temporary /'temp( )r ri/ adj.短期的，短暂的；临时的
serve vi.& vt.服役
military /'m l t( )ri/ n．军队
the military军人，军队，军方(作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可)
international charity国际慈善机构/组织
【3】who引导的定语从句修饰people，且who在从句中作主语。
【4】whose引导的定语从句修饰people。
【5】过去分词donated作前置定语，修饰funds。
【6】that引导定语从句，修饰50 pounds，且在从句中作required的宾语。
3 1938年12月，一位朋友请温顿来布拉格帮助那些逃离纳粹抓捕的人。在布拉格，温顿看到人们生活在恶劣的条件下，他们的生命处于危险之中。他决定帮忙把孩子们送到英国的安全地带。他建立了一个办公室来保存孩子们的记录，然后回到英国为他们寻找临时住所。他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱为每个孩子支付英国政府征收的50英镑的费用。到1939年8月，温顿已经救了669个孩子。
4 第二次世界大战期间，温顿在英国皇家空军担任军官。他于1954年离开军队。之后，他为国际慈善机构和多家公司工作。他很少提及自己解救孩子的事情，于是这些事很快就淡出了人们的记忆。
原文 呈现
5 That all changed in 1988 when his wife Grete found a forgotten journal at home. The journal contained photographs and names of the children and addresses of the families that took them in 【7】. She sent the journal to a newspaper, and that year Winton was seen on the British television programme That's Life. At one point ， the host asked people in the audience to stand up if Nicholas Winton had saved their lives. A shocked Winton watched as the majority of people rose to their feet 【8】. The programme brought his actions to public attention ， and Winton became a respected figure around the world.
6 Later, Winton received various honours for his achievement， including a knighthood in 2003, and the Czech government's highest honour, the Order of the White Lion, in 2014.
7 Nicholas Winton passed away on 1 July 2015, at the age of 106. As the Chinese saying goes, “A kind hearted person lives a long life.”
读文 清障
take in收留，留宿
at one point曾经，一度
rise to one's feet站起身来
bring... to public attention使……引起公众注意
respected /r 'spekt d/ adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的
a respected figure一位受人尊敬的人物
achievement / 't i vm nt/ n．成绩，成就
knighthood /'na th d/ n．(英国的)爵士封号或头衔
pass away去世
【7】that引导定语从句，修饰families，且在从句中作主语。
【8】as the majority of... feet为as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“当……的时候”。
5 1988年，当他的妻子格蕾特在家里发现了一本被遗忘的日记时，一切都改变了。日记里有孩子们的照片和名字，以及收养他们的家庭住址。她把日记寄给了一家报社，那年温顿在英国电视节目《这就是生活》上露面。节目中，主持人问现场有没有被温顿救过的人，如果有请起立。温顿震惊地看到在场的大多数人都站了起来。这个节目引起了公众的注意，温顿成了受全世界人尊敬的人物。
6 后来，温顿因其成就获得各种荣誉，包括2003年获得爵士头衔，2014年获得捷克政府最高荣誉——白狮勋章。
7 尼古拉斯·温顿于2015年7月1日去世，享年106岁。正如中国谚语所说：“仁者寿。”
基础 自测
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．Jewish adj.犹太人的，犹太教的
2．aid v．帮助，援助
3．temporary adj.短期的，短暂的；临时的
4．military n．军队
5．chief adj.最高级别的，首席的
6．obtain v．获得，得到
7．drug n．药物，药材
8．certificate n．证明书，证书
9．ministry n．(政府的)部
10．further adj.更多的，附加的
拓展词汇
11．achievement n．成绩，成就→achieve v．达到；完成
12．major adj.重要的，主要的→majority n．大部分；大多数
13．treatment n．治疗；疗法→treat v．对待；治疗
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．board a train 登上一列火车
2．in danger 处于危险之中
3．keep record of 记录……
4．transport... to safety 把……转移到安全处所
5．take in 收留；吸入；理解，领会；欺骗
6．for the most part 多半；通常
7．rise to one's feet 站起身来
8．save one's life 救某人的命
9．bring... to public attention 使公众注意到……
10．pass away 去世
11．work as 担任……，任……职
12．be nominated for 被提名为……
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.
[句式分析]
These are among the 669 children,
hands of the Nazis.
[尝试翻译] 这些孩子大部分是犹太人，他们是尼古拉斯·温顿将从纳粹的死亡之手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。
2．In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger.
[句式分析]
In Prague, Winton saw people and
[尝试翻译] 在布拉格，温顿看到人们生活在恶劣的条件下，他们的生命处于危险之中。
3．He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required.
[句式分析]
He used funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child
[尝试翻译] 他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱为每个孩子支付英国政府征收的50英镑的费用。
4．For the most part, he did not mention the children he saved, and his actions soon disappeared from people's memories.
[句式分析]
For the most part, he did not mention soon disappeared from people's memories.
[尝试翻译] 他很少提及自己解救孩子的事情，于是这些事很快就淡出了人们的记忆。
词汇 精讲
1．aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助
[教材P26]In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid people who were escaping from the Nazis.1938年12月，一位朋友请温顿来布拉格帮助那些逃离纳粹抓捕的人。
归纳拓展
(1)first aid (对伤患者的)急救
with the aid of sb.＝with one's aid 在某人的帮助下
come to one's aid 来帮助某人
(2)aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在某方面帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 以某物帮助某人
aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某
佳句背诵
A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation.
一个人立刻冲向那位姑娘给予急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入这一行列。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①I couldn't speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.
②He determined to aid the poor girl
2．achievement n．[C] 成绩；成就
[教材P28]Later, Winton received various honours for his achievement, including a knighthood in 2003, and the Czech government's highest honour, the Order of the White Lion, in 2014.后来，温顿因其成就获得各种荣誉，包括2003年获得爵士头衔，2014年获得捷克政府最高荣誉——白狮勋章。
归纳拓展
(1)a sense of achievement 成就感
(2)achieve vt.完成；达到 vi.成功
achieve one's success 获得成功
achieve one's goal 达到目
佳句背诵
That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.
这无疑给了我们很大的成就感。
一言助记
I've achieved only half of what I'd hoped to do, so I cannot celebrate the achievements I've made although everyone said I should feel a sense of achievement.我原本希望做的只做到一半，因此我不能庆祝自己所取得的成绩，尽管每个人都说我应该有成就感。
巧学活用
完成句子
①It takes hard work to achieve the final success.
要取得最终的成功需要努力工作。
②She hoped to achieve her goal to become a teacher.
她希望实现自己的目标，成为一名教师。
3．major adj.重要的；主要的 n．专业 vi.主修
[教材P31]Major events...主要事件……
归纳拓展
(1)major in 主修
(2)majority n．多数；大半
in the majority 占大多数
(3)minor adj.较小的；次要的
minority n．少数；少数民族
in the minority 占少
佳句背诵
Do you know what the major cause of the strike is
你知道这次罢工的主要原因是什么吗？
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①Mary is majoring in French at Stanford University.
②Women are in the majority(major) in the company；men are in the minority(minor)．
句式 突破
1.On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.[教材P26]
离开学校后，温顿在德国和法国的银行工作过。
句式分析
upon/on＋n./doing...“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
归纳拓展
“一……就……”的其他表达形式：
(1)immediately/directly/instantly＋从句
(2)the moment/minute/instant＋从句
(3)no sooner... than.../hardly... when...
在no sooner... than.../hardly... when...句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，如果no sooner或hardly位于句首，主句需用部分倒装
佳句背诵
Upon/On hearing the song Little Apple, my little daughter can't help dancing to it.
一听到《小苹果》这首歌，我的小女儿就会禁不住跟着它跳舞。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①We got up immediately(immediate) the sun appeared.
②The moment he retired, he couldn't wait to live a peaceful life in the country.
完成句子
③No soone(共11张PPT)
Unit 2 Making a difference
单元归纳总结
2门世2有
3厚
