(共14张PPT)
Unit 5 What an adventure!
单元归纳总结
2门世2有
3厚Unit 5 What an adventure！
单元目标解读 ·学科素养达成
[单元目标]
单元课程探究 单元内容分析
Starting out &Understanding ideas CLIMBING QOMOLANGMA: WORTH THE RISKS？(攀登珠穆朗玛峰：值得冒险吗？) 通过讲述攀登珠穆朗玛峰经历的艰辛，让人们思考这种攀登是否值得 本单元的主题语境是人与社会，涉及的话题是探险，并通过文本材料呈现以下内容：攀登珠穆朗玛峰需要体力和坚韧不拔的毅力，但这样的付出是否值得，需要人们的思考；生物学家皮埃尔讲述他的海底奇妙经历
Grammar Past future(过去将来时)
Developing ideas TWENTY THOUSAND LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA(海底两万里) 通过讲述生物学家皮埃尔和他的仆人的海底奇遇，让我们领略海底的奇观
Writing about a diving experience 写一个经历。该类作文以叙述为主，叙述一个人的潜水经历
单元核心素养 了解冒险对人生的意义并学会进一步思考评估冒险活动的好处与风险，培养探索精神，做一些对社会有价值的事情
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
原文 呈现
CLIMBING QOMOLANGMA：WORTH THE RISKS？【1】
1 Last year，hundreds of① people spent good money② on③ an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort④ and danger【2】. Many would become sick, due to⑤ the extreme cold and low air pressure, and a few would even lose their lives⑥. Yet, despite all this, by the end of⑦ the trip many were already planning to return⑧. For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other⑨， making some feel weak and others, powerful⑩【3】．
读文 清障
①hundreds of数以百计的
②good money大量的钱
good adj.(数量、面积、范围等)大的
③spend money on sth.在某物上花钱
④discomfort/dIs'k mf t/n.轻微的病痛；不舒服；不适；不安；尴尬；使人不舒服的事物
⑤due to由于，因为
⑥lose one's life丢掉某人的性命
⑦by the end of在……尽头；在……结束时
⑧return/rI't n/v.回来；回去；返回；带回；送回；放回；退还；恢复；重现
in return (for sth.)作为(对……的)回报/回应
⑨no other别无其他；没有其他的
⑩powerful/'pa fl/adj.有权势的；有影响力的；强有力的；力量大的；很有效的；(对身心)有强烈作用的，效力大的 power/'pa (r)/n.控制力；影响力；操纵力；统治；政权；能力
【1】[标题赏析]本文标题采用了疑问语气。这类标题多会引人思考，吸引读者进一步了解文章的内容。
【2】关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰an experience; that在从句中作主语；they knew是插入语。
【3】现在分词短语作状语，与climbing Qomolangma是主动关系。
攀登珠穆朗玛峰：值得冒险吗？
1 去年，数以百计的人花了很多钱在一次他们知道会有拥挤、不适和危险的经历上。由于极度寒冷和低气压，许多人会生病，少数人甚至会失去生命。然而，尽管如此，到旅行结束时，许多人已经在计划返回。对这些人来说，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一种无可比拟的体验，让一些人感到软弱，而另一些人则感到强大。
原文 呈现
2 British mountain climber George Mallory wrote of climbing Qomolangma, “What we get from this adventure 【4】 is just sheer joy... We do not live to eat and make money. We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life.That is what life means and what life is for.”Sadly, Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924，although his body would not be found until many years later.It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.
读文 清障
adventure/ d'vent (r)/n.冒险；冒险经历；奇遇 adventurous/ d'vent r s/adj.有冒险精神的；刺激不断的
sheer/ I /adj.完全的；纯粹的，十足的
be able to能够……
enjoy/In'd I/v.享受……的乐趣；欣赏；喜爱；过得快活；玩得痛快；得到乐趣；享有；享受
enjoy life享受生活
enjoy sb.'s company喜欢某人的陪伴
although/ l' /conj.虽然；尽管；即使；不过；然而
succeed/s k'si d/v.达到目的；实现目标；办到；做成；成功；有成就；有作为；接替；继任；随后出现
succeed in doing sth.成功做某事
【4】what引导主语从句且在从句中作get的宾语。
2 英国登山者乔治·马洛里在谈到攀登珠穆朗玛峰时写道：“我们从这次冒险中得到的只是纯粹的快乐……我们活着不是为了吃饭和赚钱。我们吃饭和赚钱是为了享受生活。那才是生活的意义和目的。”不幸的是，马洛里于1924年死在了山上，虽然他的尸体直到很多年后才被发现。现在还不知道他是否在失去生命之前成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。
原文 呈现
3 In 2011，words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette，who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world 【5】. “It brings into focus what's important to you.【6】” He added，“There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. You really have to focus on the one reason that's most important and unique to you【7】. It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical，as well as mental，toughness to push when you want to stop.”
读文 清障
similar to与……类似
be similar to sb./sth. in sth.在某方面和……相似
around the world全世界
bring/brI /v.带……到某处；带来；取来；提供；供给；导致；引起
bring about导致；引起
bring back使想起；使恢复
focus/'f k s/v.集中(注意力、精力等于)；(使)调节焦距；集中(光束于)；聚焦(于)
focus on关注，集中于
focus attention集中注意力
keep/ki p/v.(使)保持，处于；继续，重复(做某事)；使耽搁；使延误
keep going继续做；继续移动；坚持干；维持下去
force/f s/v.强迫，迫使(某人)做某事
forceful/'f sfl/adj.强有力的；坚强的；有说服力的；强迫的；使用武力的
force back强忍，忍住(情感或欲望)
figure out想出；理解；弄清
as well as 也；不但……而且……；和……一样好
mental/'mentl/adj.思想的；精神的；思考的；智力的；精神病治疗的；精神健康的
【5】who引导定语从句，修饰Alan Arnette，且在从句中作主语。
【6】这个句子正常的语序应是“It brings what's important to you into focus.”，由于宾语部分太长，介词短语太短，为了保持句子结构的平衡，宾语后置了。
【7】that引导定语从句，修饰reason，且在从句中作主语。
3 2011年，美国登山者艾伦·阿内特说了一些类似于马洛里的话。他在那一年登上了珠穆朗玛峰，并打算攀登世界上其他的高山。“它会让你关注对你来说重要的事情。”他补充说，“有上千个理由可以转身，而只有一个理由可以继续前进。你真的必须专注于对你来说最重要、最独特的那个理由。它迫使你审视自己的内心深处，并且弄清楚当你想停下来的时候，你是否真的有身体上和精神上的韧性去推动自己继续向前。”
原文 呈现
4 With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk taking Recent studies indicate that risk taking may be part of human nature【8】， with some of us more likely to take risks than others. PsychologistFrank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars, as well as those who climb Qomolangma. He refers to the personalities of these people as“Type T”， with the “T” standing for “thrill”．
读文 清障
result/rI'z lt/v.(因……)发生；(随……)产生
result in sth.造成；导致
psychologist/saI'k l d Ist/n.心理学家 psychological/ saIk 'l d Ikl/adj.心理的；精神上的；心理学的；关于心理学的
jump out of突然离开；跳离
refer to查阅；提到
refer to... as...把……看作……
personality/ p s 'n l ti/n.性格；个性；人格；魅力；气质；气度；名人，风云人物(尤指娱乐界或体育界的)
【8】that引导的宾语从句。
4 大多数攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试要么完全成功要么彻底失败，这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学原因？最近的研究表明，冒险行为可能是人性的一部分，我们中的一些人比其他人更有可能去冒险。心理学家弗兰克·法利多年来一直在研究那些跳出飞机、开快车，以及爬上珠穆朗玛峰的人。他把这些人的性格称为“T型”，其中“T”代表“刺激”。
原文 呈现
5 Speaking to the LA Times about the “Type T” personalities【9】，Farley said，“They'll say，‘I'm not taking risks，I'm an expert...’They don't want to die and they don't expect to die.”
6 Research also suggests that our desire to seek risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result.
7 With this in mind, are the benefits of climbing Qomolangma worth the risks？It's totally up to you.
读文 清障
expect/Ik'spekt/v.预料；预期；预计；等待；期待；盼望；要求；指望；认为
seek/si k/v.寻找；寻求；谋求；争取；(向人)请求，寻求
seek out找到；找出
benefit from从……中获益，受益于……
benefit/'benIfIt/n.优势；益处；成效；福利费；福利，奖金；保险金
beneficial/ benI'fI l/adj.有利的；有裨益的；有用的
up to you一切由你；由你决定；你说了算
【9】现在分词短语作时间状语。
5 法利在接受《洛杉矶时报》采访时谈到“T型”性格时说，“他们会说，‘我不是在冒险，我是专家……’他们不想死，也不认为自己会死。”
6 研究还表明，我们寻求风险的欲望可能与我们期望从结果中获益的程度有关。
7 考虑到这一点，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的好处值得冒险吗？这完全取决于你。
基础 自测
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．initial adj.开始的，最初的
2．thus adv.因此，从而
3．zone n．地区，地带
4．oxygen n．氧气
5．border n．国界，边界
6．sheer adj.纯粹的，十足的
7．attempt n．努力，尝试
拓展词汇
8．confirm v．证实，证明，确认→confirmation n．确认，证实
9．crowd n．人群→crowded adj.拥挤的
10．failure n．失败，失败的人→fail v．失败；不及格
11．thrill n．惊险，刺激→thrilled adj.非常兴奋的；极为激动的
12．psychologist n．心理学家→psychology n．心理学
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in_search_of 寻找，搜寻
2．sea_level 海平面
3．good_money 大量的钱
4．due_to 由于，因为
5．make_money 挣钱
6．succeed_in_doing 成功做某事
7．lose_one's_life 丢掉某人的性命
8．bring...into_focus 使……成为焦点
9．turn_around 转向；转身
10．focus_on 关注；集中于
11．figure_out 想出；理解；弄清
12．result_in 造成；导致
13．human_nature 人性
14．benefit_from 从……中获益，受益于……
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger.
[句式分析]
Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include
引导的定语从句
_crowds,_discomfort_and_danger.
[尝试翻译] 去年，数以百计的人花了很多钱在一次他们知道会有拥挤、不适和危险的经历上。
2．It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.
[句式分析]
It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the before it took his life.
主语从句 状语从句
[尝试翻译] 现在还不知道他是否在失去生命之前成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。
3．In 2011, words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette, who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world.
[句式分析]
In 2011, words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette,
形容词短语作后置定语
who climbed Qomolangma in that year and_was_going_to_climb_other_high_mountains_ around_the_world.
定语从句
[尝试翻译] 2011年，美国登山者艾伦·阿内特说了一些类似于马洛里的话。他在那一年登上了珠穆朗玛峰，并打算攀登世界上其他的高山。
语篇 细研
第一遍：快读课文，把握段落大意
段落 关键词(句) 概括段意
Paragraphs 1～6 (Para.1)good money, crowds, discomfort, danger, despite, like no other, powerful
(Para.2)George Mallory, sheer joy, enjoy life, sadly, die, not be found, not known
(Para.3)Alan Arnette, focus, important, keep going, unique, look deep inside yourself
(Paragraphs 4～6)recent studies, human nature，“Type T”， don't expect to die, benefit
Para.7 benefits, worth the risks, up to
答案：Paragraphs 1～6 Some people think climbing Qomolangma is wonderful.; Mountain climbers have different views.; The result of recent studies.
Paragraph 7 Whether mountain climbing is worth the risks needs people to think.
第二遍：精读课文，完成下列题目
1．精读文章第1段，判断正(T)误(F)。
(1)Climbing Qomolangma cost less money. (F)
(2)For these people, climbing Qomolangma is wonderful.(T)
2．精读文章第2段，判断正(T)误(F)。
(1)George Mallory thought climbing Qomolangma was to enjoy life. (T)
(2)George Mallory succeeded climbing Qomolangma in 1924. (F)
3．精读文章第3段，完成下面题目。
Why did Alan Arnette not give up climbing Qomolangma
答案：Because he knew what he wanted most.
4．精读文章第4～7段，回答下列题目。
(1)Why do people enjoy taking risks according to recent studies
答案：Because it may be part of human nature and people expect to benefit from the result.
(2)What does “Type T” personality mean
答案：It refers to a personality that likes to seek excitement and adventure.
(3)Why do people with “Type T” personality think they are experts
答案：Because they don't want to die and they don't expect to die.
词汇 精讲
1．confirm v．(尤指通过提供更多证据)证实，进一步确定
[教材P66]The first people confirmed to have reached the top were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.1953年，埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·诺盖首次确认登顶珠峰。
归纳拓展
(1)confirm＋n./that...证实……
confirm a theory证实一种理论
It has been confirmed that...已证实……
confirm sb. in sth.使某人确信某事
confirm sb. as...任命某人担任……职位
(2)confirmation n．确认，确定；证实，证
佳句背诵
Can you confirm what happened
你能证实一下发生了什么事吗？
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①He was confirmed as a member of the Methodist Church.
②We are waiting for confirmation(confirm) of the news.
③The death was_confirmed(confirm) by John Minor, a friend and neighbor.
2．worth adj.值……；值得；有……价值 n．价值
[教材P66]CLIMBING QOMOLANGMA：WORTH THE RISKS？攀登珠穆朗玛峰：值得冒险吗？
归纳拓展
(1)sth. be worth sth./doing 某物值……；某事值得……
(2)worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的；值得……的
sth. be worthy of... 某物值得……；某物配得上……
sth. be worthy of being done/to be done 某事值得做
(3)worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)；有价值的
It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth. 做某事是值得的
佳句背诵
How much is this painting worth
这幅画值多少钱？
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①Our house is worth(worthy) about ￡100,000.
②The museum is certainly worth visiting(visit)．
③The film is worthy of_being_seen/to_be_seen(see)．
④It is worthwhile visiting (visit) the Great Wall.
＝It is worthwhile to_visit (visit) the Great Wall.
3．as well as 也；不但……而且……；和……一样好
[教材P67]It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical, as well as mental, toughness to push when you want to stop.它迫使你审视自己的内心深处，并且弄清楚当你想停下来的时候，你是否真的有身体上和精神上的韧性去推动自己继续向前。
归纳拓展
(1)as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也；不但……而且……”讲，它强调的是前一项，因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致。
(2)as well as用来表示同级比较，意为“和……一样好”
佳句背诵
He plays classical music, as well as pop and jazz.
他演奏流行音乐和爵士乐，同时也演奏古典音乐。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①The teacher as well as the students enjoys(enjoy) listening to English songs.
完成句子
②He plays the guitar as_well_as you.
他弹吉他弹得和你一样好。
4．attempt n．企图；试图；尝试，努力 v．努力；试图；尝试
[教材P67～68]With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk taking？大多数攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试要么完全成功要么彻底失败，这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学原因？
归纳拓展
make an attempt to do/on sth. 尝试做某事；努力做某事
at the first attempt 在第一次尝试时
attempt to do sth. 努力做某事；试图做某事
attempt the impossible 尝试不可能的事
佳句背诵
They made no attempt to escape.
他们没有企图逃跑。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①The gymnast made an attempt on breaking the world record.
完成句子
②I passed my driving test at_the_first_attempt.
我第一次就通过驾照考试了。
③Every time I made_an_attempt_to_convince her, I failed completely.
每次我试图说服她，都彻底失败了。
5．result in 造成；导致
[教材P67～68]With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success of failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk taking？大多数攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试要么完全成功要么彻底失败，这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学原因？
归纳拓展
(1)result from由……造成；因……而产生
result in导致
(2)as a result表示“结果；因此”，引出结果，在句中充当状语
as a result of表示“因为；由于”，引出原因，是介词短语
without result 毫无结果；白
佳句背诵
Damage may result in stunted growth and sometimes death of the plant.
损害会导致植物生长受阻，有时还会导致死亡。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①I think his illness resulted from the overfull tiredness.
②It is said that sandstorms will become more frequent as a result of global warming.
③However, the trees were cut down and that resulted (result) in the city gradually being buried by sand.
6．stand for代表；象征；容忍；主张
[教材P68]He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”， with the “T” standing for “thrill”．他将这些人的性格称为“T型”，其中“T”代表“刺激”。
归纳拓展
stand out突出，显眼
stand aside避开；袖手旁观
stand away保持距离
stand by支持；遵守；袖手旁观
stand on one's own feet自力更
佳句背诵
What do two “ninths” meeting together stand for
两个“九”聚在一起代表什么？
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①In China，Chinese knotting stands for friendship, love and good luck.
②What was it that made the young man stand out among the candidates
③He would not stand by and let his pet project be killed off.
7．(be) up to取决于，由……决定；胜任；多达；忙于；直到
[教材P68]It's totally up to you.这完全取决于你。
归纳拓展
It is up to you. 随你的便。/由你决定。
It is up to sb. to do sth. 该由某人决定做某事。
up to now 直到现在
be up to (doing) sth. 胜任/适合(做)某
佳句背诵
It's very quiet upstairs; they must be up to some mischief!
楼上很安静。他们一定在搞什么恶作剧！
巧学活用
写出下列句中up to的含义
①It is up to the manager to make the final decision.取决于，由……决定
②Up to one hundred thousand people are still without jobs.多达
③John was fired because he was not up to his work.胜任
④The children are very quiet. I wonder what they are up to.忙于
⑤She continued to care for her father up to the time of his recovery.直到……为止
单句语法填空
⑥It's up to you to_decide(decide) whether we buy this set of furniture or not.
⑦My German isn't up to translating(translate) that letter.
⑧We have_known(know) nothing about Tom up to now.
句式 突破
Sadly, Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924, although his body would not be found until many years later.[教材P67]
不幸的是，马洛里于1924年死在了山上，虽然他的尸体直到很多年后才被发现。
句式分析
not... until... 直到……才……
归纳拓展
(1)not... until...“直到……才”，即表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间才开始，主句的谓语动词用非延续性动词。
(2)若将not until引导的从句置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。
(3)not until可用于强调句型，其构成为：It is/was not until... that...
until用于肯定句时，表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间结束，所以主句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
I studied English until 9：00 last night.
我昨晚学英语一直学到九点
佳句背诵
Not until they heard that she was safe and sound were their minds set at rest.
听到她平安无事的消息，大家心里才一块石头落地。
巧学活用
完成句子
①We didn't_realize the love we have for our families is important until we went through real hardship.
直到我们经历了真正的困难才意识到对家人的爱的重要性。
②Not until my father returned did_we_have_supper.
直到爸爸回来我们才吃晚饭。
③It_was_not_until_then_that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.
直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Hello, my name is Susan and I am calling to confirm(证实) my reservation.
2．A large crowd(人群) was waiting at the bus stop.
3．Push yourself to go beyond your comfort zone(区域) because that's where life truly does begin.
4．The river marks the border(边界) between Mexico and the USA.
5．Once you have agreed to the initial request, they would begin to ask for more.
6．Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a stable environment.
7．Air is composed of various gases including hydrogen, oxygen,_and carbon dioxide.
8．—Why have you moved here
—I only attempt to enjoy the farming life here.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Shops were crowded(crowd) with customers looking over the colourful displays.
2．With a lot of difficult problems to_settle(settle), the manager felt worried all the time.
3．He has got married and settled in Australia, thus leaving(leave) his family in Hong Kong.
4．I suggested that a meeting should be_held(hold) tonight.
5．Why was the movie a turn off I thought you liked thrillers(thrill)．
6．Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt.
7．The art show was far from being a failure; it was a great success.
8．For the sake of safety, never believe any message from an unknown number until it has been confirmed(confirm)．
Ⅲ.选词填空
be crowded with; refer to; due to; turn around; be thrilled at; bring... into focus; figure out; along the borde
1．Though the situation looks gloomy, it will eventually turn_around.
2．It's acknowledged that the traffic accident was largely due_to the driver's carelessness.
3．It took them six months to figure_out how to start their equipment.
4．Hayden brought the slave trade into_focus by his poems.
5．Your desk is_crowded_with too many unnecessary things. You have to remove some of them.
6．We have been remarkably successful in maintaining peace along_the_border.
7．They were_thrilled_at the news of victory.
8．I promised not to refer_to the matter again.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The shops are_always_crowded_with people all round the year.
这些商店一年到头总是挤满人。
2．It_has_been_confirmed_that he is one of the best students.
已经确定他是班里最好的学生之一。
3．The news sent a_thrill_of joy to my heart.
这消息使我感到一阵喜悦。
4．John received an invitation to dinner, and with_his_work_finished,_he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到了晚宴的邀请，由于完成了工作，他高兴地接受了。
5．Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading_to_a_slower_growth.
因此，一些观众开始远离电影院，导致(收益)增长放缓。
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Climbing Qomolangma is 1.________ experience that would include crowds, discomfort and danger, 2.________(make) some feel weak and others, powerful. British mountain climber George Mallory held the following opinion: “What we get from this adventure is just sheer joy. People eat 3.________ make money to be able to enjoy life.” American mountain climber Alan Arnette 4.________(share) the similar view. Each person has a unique reason for 5.________(climb) a mountain. It forces people 6.________(look) deep inside 7.________(them). To 8.________(success), one must have the physical as well as mental, toughness to push forward.
The scientific reason behind these acts is that risk taking may be part of human nature. People who are likely to take risks tend to have “Type T” personalities. Research also suggests that our desire to seek risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit 9.________ the result.
Thus, is it worthwhile to climb Qomolangma It is 10.________(total) up to you.
1．解析：考查冠词。此处表示泛指，所以要用不定冠词，而且experience读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
答案：an
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。experience与make之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
答案：making
3．解析：考查连词。eat和make money之间是并列关系。
答案：and
4．解析：考查时态。由上下文可知，此处应用一般过去时。
答案：shared
5．解析：考查非谓语动词。介词for后应用动名词形式。
答案：climbing
6．解析：考查固定搭配。force sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事。
答案：to look
7．解析：考查反身代词。句意：这迫使人们来审视他们自己的内心深处。根据句意可知此处应用反身代词。
答案：themselves
8．解析：考查词性转换。由设空处前的to可知此处应用动词原形。
答案：succeed
9．解析：考查介词。benefit from... 从……中获益。
答案：from
10．解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语。
答案：totally
课时作业(十三) Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The government has set up a special economic zone(地带) to promote private enterprise.
2．At this point, you should be back to your initial(开始的) position.
3．The man found me out of the crowd(人群) at the market.
4．We waited at the border(边界) for an hour without seeing anyone.
5．They never change and thus(因此) I can trust them.
6．He did this out of sheer(纯粹的) love of the book he had read many times.
7．Please write to confirm(确认) your reservation.
8．He gave up the attempt(尝试) in despair after failing in the experiment many times.
Ⅱ.选词填空
focus on； succeed in； make money； due to； result in； benefit from； figure out； take the life of
1．Tiredness often results_in a lack of concentration especially when the lecture is very boring.
2．We should focus_on what we can do together for our children and grandchildren.
3．The two countries were on the point of war due_to the diplomatic disputes.
4．You and I can never succeed_in life without discipline and hard work.
5．We must figure_out how to solve the problem in order to finish the assignment on time.
6．If the learners of online learning cannot control themselves well, they will not benefit_from this learning.
7．How could they make_money for the firms but not for themselves
8．The high mountain has_taken_the_lives_of countless mountain climbers so far.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．When saluting(敬礼) the national flag, every citizen must stand at attention and focus their eyes ________ the rising flag.
解析：考查介词。句意：向国旗敬礼时，每位公民必须立正，眼睛注视着升起的国旗。“focus... on/upon sth.”为固定用法，意为“集中(注意力、精力等)于……；对准/聚焦……于……”。
答案：on/upon
2．The news has spread all over the country that the spaceship succeeded in ________(return) to the earth.
解析：考查succeed的用法。句意：宇宙飞船成功返回地球，这一消息已经传遍全国各地。succeed in doing sth.为固定用法，意为“成功地做某事”。
答案：returning
3．My poor health forces me ________(drop) out of the race.
解析：考查force的用法。force sb. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“迫使某人做某事”。
答案：to drop
4．A man can be defeated many times, but he isn't a ________(fail) until he begins to blame anyone else.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：一个人可以被打败很多次，但只要他没有开始责怪旁人，他就不是一个失败者。根据句意和不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词形式failure，意为“失败的人”。
答案：failure
5．It is bad manners to talk with your finger ________(point) at the other person.
解析：考查非谓语动词。在with复合结构中，your finger与point at是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词 ing形式作宾补。
答案：pointing
6．The old woman as well as her two sons ________(see) standing at the street corner handing out daily necessities to people affected by the earthquake in 2018.
解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，as well as连接两个并列主语，此时谓语动词的单复数形式应与其前面的主语保持一致。另外，根据时间状语in 2018可知，此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故空处应用一般过去时；主语是动词see动作的承受者，所以空处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案：was seen
7．Evidence has been found that children's early sleeping problems are likely ________(continue) as they grow up.
解析：考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，为固定用法。
答案：to continue
8．Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China, ________(reduce) the time people spend standing in line.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：人脸识别技术在中国各地的旅游景点运行良好，减少了人们排队等候的时间。结合句意可知，此处应用现在分词形式作状语。
答案：reducing
9．There are some health problems that, if not ________(treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.
解析：考查状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了状语从句的省略结构。当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语中包含be动词的某种形式时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。其补充完整是if they are not treated in time。
答案：treated
10．My teacher advises me to keep all options open before ________(decide) on what I really want to do.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我的老师建议我在决定自己真正想做的事情之前保留所有选择。分析句子结构可知，before在这里可以看作介词，后接动名词。decide on“决定，选定”。
答案：deciding
Ⅳ.阅读理解
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take_the_plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go，” she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous.I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了热爱旅行的金尼的南极洲之旅。
1．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in Paragraph 2
A．Try challenging things.
B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories.
D．Stick to a promise.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further”和画线词所在句可知，金尼曾在英国巡回演出，但她一直想要进一步探索世界。当她已经退休，儿子们也已离家自立的时候，她决定是时候做自己一直想做的事情了。再根据第三段对金尼环游世界的介绍并结合选项可知，画线词指尝试具有挑战性的事情。故选A项。
答案：A
2．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A．Lovely penguins.
B．Beautiful scenery.
C．A discount fare.
D．A friend's invitation.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica”和“‘I just decided I wanted to go，’ she says.”可知，金尼在智利的时候发现她可以在最后一刻买到去南极洲的便宜的船票，所以她决定去南极洲。由此推知，折扣票价让她决定去南极洲旅行。故选C项。
答案：C
3．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A．It could be a home for her.
B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It should be well preserved.
D．It needs to be fully introduced.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.”可知，金尼意识到南极洲是一个珍贵的地方，应该被人类尊重。由此推知，金尼去南极洲旅行之后，认为南极洲应该被好好保护。故选C项。
答案：C
4．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream.
B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world.
D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了爱好旅行的主人公金尼在退休之后开始环游世界，以及去南极洲旅行的经历和她的感想。由此可知，B项“一次难忘的经历”符合文意。故选B项。
答案：B
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Gemma jumped off the school bus feeling thoroughly miserable. Today had been one of the worst days of her life. How could she show her face at school ever again It was a total shame. She would not face her classmates at all next Monday morning.
Gemma walked slowly up the tree lined hill toward the park. She needed time alone to think and cry. Her mum wouldn't be home from work for another hour or so and she needed fresh air and sunlight after being in school all day. She needed so much more than that; what she needed was a brain transplant. Reading out loud in class today had been terrifying, annoying, embarrassing; she hated every moment of it. She was sweating, her voice shook, her face flushed red, and her heart pounded uncontrollably. Breathing normally was simply impossible in the fear and panic she felt. Gemma wished the ground had opened up and swallowed her whole, which would have been preferable. She stood before the class feeling like a fool. She had heard the whispered comments between her classmates, and had seen the look on her English teacher's face as she went back to her seat.
Gemma headed for the bench in the walled rose garden that she often visited, as far away from people as possible. She took off her heavy backpack and put it down heavily on the hard seat. The backpack was full of school books and she was glad to get it off her shoulders. She never wanted to go back to school. She sighed deeply, buried her face in her hands, and began to sob in despair. She was sure other kids didn't have this problem. Some of her classmates even looked like they were enjoying reading out loud and took great delight in being the center of attention. Gemma didn't know what she was going to do.
“Hello, are you alright, dear？” Startled (惊吓), Gemma abruptly pulled her hands away from her face and looked up in the direction of the voice, embarrassed that someone had seen her crying.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Unexpectedly, her English teacher came up and watched her with kindness and concern.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Gemma walked home feeling like she was walking a little taller and there was a spring in her steps.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Unexpectedly, her English teacher came up and watched her with kindness and concern. Sitting down on the bench, next to Gemma, the teacher patted her shoulder gently, saying, “I know you were just too nervous, but it's okay. Actually, most of us, like you, once experienced reading setbacks in public. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. With more practice, you're sure to make it next time, aren't you？” Her English teacher had a long heart to heart talk with Gemma. Realizing her lack of practice, Gemma felt a sudden sense of relief. She was aware of what to do then. When they walked out of the rose park hand in hand, Gemma felt like a wholly different figure.
Gemma walked home feeling like she was walking a little taller and there was a spring in her steps. Today, what her teacher said made her think a lot. She had already got a detailed plan on what to do next. Now she began to practise reading out loud at mirror in her room time and again. “What are you doing, Gemma？” Her mother's anxious voice came from the door. Gemma told Mum what had happened. Her mum gave Gemma a big thumb up and encouraged her to overcome the difficulty bravely.
Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．port n．港，港口
2．unaware adj.未觉察到的，未意识到的
3．alcohol n．酒精
4．bandage n．绷带
5．plaster n．创可贴
6．thermometer n．体温计
7．rubber n．橡胶，合成橡胶
8．cotton n．棉布，棉纱
9．wool n．羊毛，毛织物
10．guideline n．指导方针，指导原则
11．cloth n．布
12．bleeding n．流血，失血
13．liquid n．液体，液态物
14．injury n．伤，损害
15．stretch v．延伸，绵延
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．cotton_wool 药棉，脱脂棉
2．take_one's_temperature 量体温
3．rubber_gloves 橡胶手套
4．first_aid 急救
5．cool_down 冷却；平静下来
6．be_regarded_as 被认为是……
7．be_known_as 被称为……；以……著称
Ⅲ.经典结构
1．Hours later, the waves rose up over our ship, breaking_it_into_two and throwing us overboard.
几个小时后，海浪漫过我们的船，把它撕成两半，把我们从船上扔到海里。
2．Although regarded_as the most dangerous road in the country, it is also known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
虽然被认为是这个国家最危险的道路，但它也以其令人叹为观止的景色而被称为“天堂之路”。
Ⅳ.必备语法
Past future过去将来时
He said that he was(be) going to live in the country when he retired.
词汇 精讲
temperature n．温度；气温；体温
[教材P72]Take the person's temperature by putting a thermometer under his/her tongue.通过把体温计放在他/她的舌头下来量这个人的体温。
归纳拓展
take sb.'s temperature 量体温
have/run a temperature 发烧
high/low temperatures 高/低温
raise/lower the temperature 升/降温；增加/减少热烈程度
佳句背诵
We'd better take his temperature first.
我们最好先量一下他的体温。
巧学活用
完成句子
①She's running_a_temperature.
她在发烧。
②What will happen in the experiment if you raise_the_temperature
如果你提高温度，在实验中会发生什么？
句式 突破
Learning first aid is helpful before you go on an adventure！[教材P71]
在你开始一次冒险之前，学习急救是有帮助的！
句式分析
句中Learning first aid为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。
归纳拓展
(1)非谓语动词作主语的有动词不定式和动名词。动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作，而不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
(2)当动名词或不定式作主语时，可以使用it作形式主语，代替真正的主语。常见句型有：
It is no good/use doing sth. 做某事是没有用的。
It is useless doing sth. 做某事是没有用的。
It's a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。
It's good manners to do sth. 做某事是有礼貌的。
It's common/standard practice to do sth. 做某事是一般/常规做法
佳句背诵
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。(谚语)
巧学活用
完成句子
①It is useless arguing_with_him over the matter again.
再和他争论这件事是没有用的。
②It is good manners to_take_off your gloves before shaking hands.
握手前摘下手套是很有礼貌的。
过去将来时
语法 讲习
一、定义
过去将来时的基本特征，即“立足过去，着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。但这个“将来”时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。
Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane.
玛丽告诉我说她将要坐飞机去上海。
He said he would come here next Friday.
他说他下周五来这里。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.
我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。
二、基本构成
1．would＋动词原形
He asked me if I would stay here.
他问我是否要待在这里。
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term.
她告诉我们说她将尽一切努力在本学期赶上其他同学。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.
当你请李磊帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。
2．was/were going to＋动词原形
No one knew when he was going to finish his homework.
没有人知道他什么时候会完成作业。
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.
他告诉我们说他要参加那次会议。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.
他说将要派我去火车站接她。
3．was/were about to＋动词原形
She said that the meeting was about to begin.
她说会议就要开始了。
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
就在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.
就在他要吃午饭的时候，门铃响起来了。
4．was/were to＋动词原形
The building was to be completed next month.
这座建筑将在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon.
李蕾很快就要到了。
5．come, go, arrive, leave, die等瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。
He was leaving the next day.
他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon.
我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。
[即时演练1]
选词填空(be going to, be to, be about to)
①It seemed as if it was_going_to rain.
②Although she was ill, she said she was_to be seen in the lab the next day.
③The coach was_about_to give up the game when the captain scored a goal.
④My goal was_to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.
补全句子
⑤She told us that she was_leaving(leave) for Yunnan.
她告诉我们她将要去云南。
三、基本用法
1．主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。
We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting.
我们想知道她是否准备在会上发言。
He said he would stay with us.
他说他要与我们待在一起。
He said he would never go there again.
他说他绝不会再去那里。
He didn't expect that we would all be there.
他没料到我们会都在那里。
2．表示过去习惯性的动作
During that period, he would do morning exercises every day.
在那段时间，他每天晨练。
3．表示过去情况中的“愿望”“倾向”，多用于否定句。
No matter how difficult the work was, he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it.
不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。
They knew that we would never permit such a thing.
他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。
4．过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。
If I were you, I would not do that.
要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Harvard University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去哈佛大学。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.
今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。
[即时演练2]
补全句子
①Nobody knew what_would_happen after a hundred years.
没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。
②Whenever he had time, he would_help_his___mother_with some housework.
无论他什么时间有空，他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。
③Even after the lecture ended, the audience would_not_leave.
甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。
④If he were here, he would_show_us_how to do it.
如果他在这里，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was_going_to_speak(speak) at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.
2．She was to_take(take) the 10：30 train, but she got to the station too late.
3．I asked him to give up smoking, but he said he wouldn't_do(not do) it.
4．When he was_going_to_open(open) the door, he found he had left his keys in the car.
5．I hoped Tina was_coming(come) to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.
6．This morning I thought I was_going_to_have(have) a talk with you tonight.
7．Two players are out of the team because of injury(injure)．
8．There is a continuous line of taxis stretching(stretch) for miles.
Ⅱ.句型转换(根据语境变化改写句子)
1．He is going to live in the country when he retires.
→He was_going_to_live in the country when he retired.
2．Nobody knows whether the guests are coming.
→Nobody knew whether the guests were_coming.
3．“Another bridge is to be built across the Yangtze River.” said the newspaper.
→It was reported that another bridge was_to_be_built across the Yangtze River.
4．We are going to visit the Great Wall if it doesn't rain this Sunday.
→Last Sunday we were_going_to_visit the Great Wall, but it rained.
5．“Something terrible is about to happen.” I said to myself.
→I felt something terrible was_about_to_happen.
6．I have no idea when she will come, but when she comes I will let you know.
→I didn't know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.
7．I am afraid her necklace can't be found.
→Her necklace was_not_to_be found.
8．The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow.
→The teacher told us that the students were_to_meet at the school gate tomorrow.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He ran away when he saw what was_going_to happen.
他一看苗头不对就逃跑了。
2．Peter was_about_to_leave the office when the telephone rang.
彼得刚要离开办公室，这时电话铃响了。
3．Mother promised that she would_take_me_to_Beijing the next year.
妈妈许诺来年带我去北京。
4．It had been dry for weeks. The trees needed watering if they were_to_survive.
已经干旱了好几周了。这些树要想存活，需要浇水了。
5．He told me that he was_leaving in an hour.
他告诉我他一小时后就要走了。
课时作业(十四) Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The government should issue clear guidelines(指导原则) on the content of religious education.
2．They are used to move liquid/liquids(液体) from one pressure area to another pressure area.
3．I will protect each person when they receive the injury(损害)．
4．We suggest you stretch(伸展) by touching your toes for at least 30 seconds before you make the attempt.
5．Examine your teeth for the signs of bleeding(流血). If you notice any, let your dentist know as soon as possible.
6．Most of the white liquid running out of these trees ends up as rubber(橡胶) tyres.
7．Maybe you would like a heavy wool(羊毛) scarf. How about this one
8．She began cleaning the wound with a piece of cloth(布)．
9．Rotterdam is a major port(港口城市)．
10．We were completely unaware(未意识到的) of the whole affair.
Ⅱ.用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空
15 July
Since we 1.were_going_to_watch(watch) the sunrise in the desert early today, we decided to go to bed earlier than usual last night. Just as we 2.were_about_to_turn_off(turn off) the radio and get into our sleeping bags, strong winds began to blow. We thought that the strong winds 3.would_last(last) until morning, and that we 4.wouldn't_see(not, see) anything in the sky except sand during the storm. We were all upset, but Toby decided that he 5.would_get_up(get up) early anyway. He believed that the winds 6.would_stop(stop) and the sand 7.would_fall_down(fall down) to the ground before we woke up. Things went just as Toby hoped. When we got up this morning, we found the weather was extraordinary. The sun rose, as it always does, in a clear sky. We sat in total silence and looked at the beautiful pinks and yellows of the sunrise. It was something that I 8.would_never_forget(never, forget)．
课时作业(十四) Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The government should issue clear guidelines(指导原则) on the content of religious education.
2．They are used to move liquid/liquids(液体) from one pressure area to another pressure area.
3．I will protect each person when they receive the injury(损害)．
4．We suggest you stretch(伸展) by touching your toes for at least 30 seconds before you make the attempt.
5．Examine your teeth for the signs of bleeding(流血). If you notice any, let your dentist know as soon as possible.
6．Most of the white liquid running out of these trees ends up as rubber(橡胶) tyres.
7．Maybe you would like a heavy wool(羊毛) scarf. How about this one
8．She began cleaning the wound with a piece of cloth(布)．
9．Rotterdam is a major port(港口城市)．
10．We were completely unaware(未意识到的) of the whole affair.
Ⅱ.用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空
15 July
Since we 1.were_going_to_watch(watch) the sunrise in the desert early today, we decided to go to bed earlier than usual last night. Just as we 2.were_about_to_turn_off(turn off) the radio and get into our sleeping bags, strong winds began to blow. We thought that the strong winds 3.would_last(last) until morning, and that we 4.wouldn't_see(not, see) anything in the sky except sand during the storm. We were all upset, but Toby decided that he 5.would_get_up(get up) early anyway. He believed that the winds 6.would_stop(stop) and the sand 7.would_fall_down(fall down) to the ground before we woke up. Things went just as Toby hoped. When we got up this morning, we found the weather was extraordinary. The sun rose, as it always does, in a clear sky. We sat in total silence and looked at the beautiful pinks and yellows of the sunrise. It was something that I 8.would_never_forget(never, forget)．
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．He stopped the bleeding by ________(apply) pressure to the wound until the ambulance arrived.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他压住伤口以止血直到救护车到来。分析句子结构可知，by在此处作介词用，介词后接动词时要用动名词形式。
答案：applying
2．________(save) the drowning child, the boy plunged into the icy water without hesitation, regardless of his own safety.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了救溺水的儿童，那个男孩不顾自己的安危，毫不犹豫地一头扎进冰冷的水里。根据句意可知，此处表示目的，故用动词不定式。
答案：To save
3．While ________(wait) for the train, I had a talk with my younger sister about her work.
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：在我等火车期间，我和我的妹妹就她的工作谈了谈。当从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语中包含be动词的某种形式时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。此处补充完整是While I was waiting for the train。
答案：waiting
4．Though urged to take measures to prevent possible ________(injure), the young worker didn't take it seriously.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：尽管被力劝要采取措施防止可能的伤害，但这位年轻工人并没有把它当回事。分析句子结构可知，空处作prevent的宾语，并被possible修饰，应用名词形式。故填injury/injuries。
答案：injury/injuries
5．Because he was ________(aware) of the new limit, he was stopped by the traffic police and was fined 200 yuan.
解析：考查形容词。句意：因为他不知道新的限制，所以他被交警截住，并被罚了200元。根据句意可知，此处表示“不知道”，故填unaware。be unaware of意为“不知道，没意识到，未察觉”。
答案：unaware
6．The doctors there taught us how ________(give) basic first aid to patients in different emergencies.
解析：考查固定结构。句意：那里的医生教会了我们在不同的紧急情况下如何对病人实施基本的急救。分析句子结构可知，此处为“疑问词＋不定式”结构作taught的宾语。
答案：to give
Ⅳ.七选五
__1__ People traveled in search of food and shelter or in order to flee from their enemies. Sometimes they were looking for gold or silver in order to become rich. On other occasions they were searching for rich farmland.
This is not to say that no one ever traveled just for fun. Even in ancient times, some pleasure travel occurred. During a typical season, 700,000 tourists would crowd into the ancient city of Rome, where animals performed and magicians entertained them. __2__
__3__ International tourist arrivals alone reached as many as 546 million in 1994 and are forecast to rise to 937 million in 2010, according to the World Trade Organization.
__4__ Probably the most common reason for traveling is related to our physical well being. Actually, traveling to sports events is one of the fastest growing types of travel. In our fast developing modern society where stress has become part of people's life, people can rest and relax by having a change of environment and activities.
__5__ No one seems to doubt that travel broadens the mind. In 18th century Europe, young men would go on a Grand Tour to various countries in order to complete their education. Today the desire to travel to different countries is encouraged by modern mass media. People who travel to other countries can at the same time learn more about their own country and culture.
A．But why do people like traveling so much
B．Throughout history, most travel was not for pleasure.
C．So they travel to a lake for a swim or to a park for a hike.
D．The improvement in transportation has also encouraged people to travel.
E．Wealthy Romans made trips to Greece to take part in the Olympic Games.
F．The growth of tourism has become a modern phenomenon experienced by all countries in the world.
G．Another important reason for traveling is to satisfy our curiosity about different places and cultures.
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自古至今旅游的目的和好处。在早些时候，有的人旅行是为了寻找食物和避难所或为了逃离他们的敌人，有的人旅行是为了玩乐。在我们快速发展的现代社会中，压力已经成为人们生活的一部分，人们可以通过旅行来休息和放松。
1．解析：分析下文可知，本段列举了几个人们旅行的目的；结合第二段第一句“这并不是说，没有人为了好玩而旅游。”可知，画线处应该选择B项。
答案：B
2．解析：此处上句提到Rome，本句继续提及与罗马有关的事情，故E项符合要求。
答案：E
3．解析：本段用不断增长的旅游人口说明了旅游业的发展，F项很好地概括了本段内容，故F项符合要求。
答案：F
4．解析：设空后提到了“the most common reason”，所以此处应提出疑问，故A项符合要求。
答案：A
5．解析：分析上下文，本段与上一段同为解释人们旅行的原因，故G项符合要求。
答案：G
Ⅴ.完形填空
The victims were carried in one by one, their paws and fur burned, suffering from dehydration(脱水) and fear. Their caretakers __1__ their wounds and __2__ them in baskets with the only thing that was __3__—the leaves of eucalyptus(桉树) tree. As miserable fires have __4__ more than 2 million acres in Australia, only dozens of koalas have been __5__ from the smoky trees and __6__ ground.
Koalas, unlike kangaroos, birds or snakes, do not __7__ from fires but instead climb trees to the top, where they can curl themselves into a ball for __8__ and wait for the danger to __9__.
But during big fires such as those that have burned in recent weeks, the animals are far less likely to __10__. Even if the fire itself does not reach the tree __11__， the animals may overheat and fall to the ground, where they can be burned to death.
The tough situation of the koalas has raised __12__ among scientists and conservationists. While koalas have developed to exist alongside the wildfires, they are facing new __13__， not just from climate change but also from human development，which has dislocated(弄乱) koalas' populations, __14__ their ability to survive fires.
We have these __15__ animals not found anywhere else on this planet, and we are killing them. This is a big wake up call.
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的一场大火造成了许多动物受伤，其中考拉伤亡严重，这次火灾警示人类保护动物。
1．A.touched B．treated
C．ignored D．discovered
解析：句意：它们的护理人员治疗它们的伤口。根据上文可知，它们被火烧伤了；根据关键词caretakers可知，是对伤口进行治疗。故选B项。
答案：B
2．A.threw B．locked
C．laid D．forced
解析：句意：把它们小心地放入带有唯一熟悉的东西——桉树叶子的篮子里。根据上文可知，它们受伤了，护理人员治疗后会把它们小心地放入篮子里。故选C项。
答案：C
3．A.familiar B．plentiful
C．beautiful D．expensive
解析：根据下文可知，这些受伤的动物是考拉，因此它们对桉树的叶子是熟悉的。故选A项。
答案：A
4．A.reached B．left
C．burned D．trapped
解析：句意：由于悲惨的火灾在澳大利亚燃烧(范围)已经超过了两百万英亩，只有几十只考拉，从烟雾弥漫的树木中和黑色的土地上被营救。根据“miserable fires”可知是燃烧。故选C项。
答案：C
5．A.killed B．recognised
C．hurt D．rescued
解析：根据上文护理人员治疗考拉可知，是考拉从大火中被营救。故选D项。
答案：D
6．A.flat B．black
C．broad D．safe
解析：根据上文可知，火灾十分严重，树木烟雾弥漫，大地被烧焦，因此是黑色的。故选B项。
答案：B
7．A.escape B．die
C．suffer D．rise
解析：句意：考拉与袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇不同，它们不会从火中逃脱，而是爬到树顶，在那里，它们蜷缩成一团以保护自己，然后等待危险过去。根据下文可知，考拉爬到树顶保护自己，因此说它们不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样能从火灾中逃脱。故选A项。
答案：A
8．A.balance B．protection
C．challenge D．comfort
解析：根据句意可知，在火中，它们爬上树顶，蜷缩成一团是为了保护自己。故选B项。
答案：B
9．A.attack B．come
C．pass D．avoid
解析：考拉不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样逃脱，它们只能爬上树顶，蜷缩成团，等着火灾的结束。故选C项。
答案：C
10．A.jump B．climb
C．fall D．survive
解析：根据下文可知，即使火没有烧到树顶，动物们也会因为过热而掉落到地上被烧死，所以很难存活。故选D项。
答案：D
11．A.top B．leaves
C．trunk D．root
解析：根据上文可知，考拉是爬到树顶躲避大火。这句话的意思是：即使大火没有烧到树顶。故选A项。
答案：A
12．A.passion B．concern
C．fear D．interest
解析：句意：考拉的艰难处境引起了科学家和环保主义者的担忧。考拉遭遇了火灾，科学家和环保主义者应该是担忧的。故选B项。
答案：B
13．A.chances B．choices
C．neighbours D．threats
解析：句意：尽管考拉从这场野火中存活下来，它们还面临新的威胁，不止是来自气候变化，也来自人类的发展，这扰乱了考拉的种群，削弱了它们从大火中存活的能力。上文提到的野火对考拉来说是生存的威胁，由此可知下文提到气候变化、人类发展是它们面对的新威胁。故选D项。
答案：D
14．A.weakening B．developing
C．improving D．making
解析：根据上文可知，人类的发展是考拉面对的新威胁，带来的是不好的影响，因此是削弱了生存的能力。故选A项。
答案：A
15．A.lonely B．stupid
C．lazy D．unique
解析：句意：我们拥有这些独一无二的、在这个星球任何其他地方都找不到的动物。根据下文“not found anywhere else on this planet”可知，是独一无二的。故选D项。
答案：D
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
原文 呈现
TWENTY THOUSAND LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA
In 1866，a terrible sea creature is seen by several ships.Biologist Professor Pierre Aronnax and his servant①， Conseil, join a ship to find and kill the creature. After a long journey into the Pacific Ocean, the creature is finally seen. While attacking from the ship, Aronnax and Conseil, along with② the whale hunter Ned Land, fall into the sea, and discover that the “creature” is actually a submarine. They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge【1】， Captain Nemo. Ahead of its time, the submarine is also a secret from the rest of the world. In order to③ keep this secret, Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted④ to leave the submarine. While Ned Land can think only of escaping⑤， Aronnax and Conseil are fascinated by their adventures in the new underwater world. In this part adapted from a chapter of the book【2】， Aronnax describes the experience of walking on the sea bed...
读文 清障
①servant /'s v( )nt/ n．仆人，佣人
②along with与……一起
③in order to为了
④permit/p 'mIt/v.允许；准许；许可
permit sb. to do...允许某人做……
⑤escape/I'skeIp/v.逃跑，逃走，逃出；逃脱，逃避；避免
try to escape 试图逃跑
【1】where引导的定语从句，修饰submarine，且where在从句中作状语。
【2】过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰part。
海底两万里
1866年，多艘船只目击到一只可怕的海洋生物。生物学家皮埃尔·阿龙纳斯教授和他的仆人康塞尔乘船出海，前去寻找并杀死这只生物。经过一段漫长的太平洋之旅，他们终于看到了这只生物。从船上发起攻击时，阿龙纳斯、康塞尔和捕鲸手内德·兰德一起掉进海里，并发现这只“生物”实际上是一艘潜水艇。他们被抓了起来并带进潜水艇里，在那里他们见到了负责人，尼摩船长。潜水艇领先于当时的时代，对于世界上其他人而言也是个秘密的存在。为了保守这个秘密，尼摩船长告诉他的三名新乘客，他们不得离开潜水艇。内德·兰德只想着逃跑，但阿龙纳斯和康塞尔对在水下新世界进行冒险非常着迷。这部分改编自该书的其中一章，阿龙纳斯描述了他们在海底漫步的经历…
原文 呈现
1 And now, how can I look back upon⑥ the impression⑦ left upon me by that walk under the waters⑧【3】？Words are not enough to relate such wonders！Captain Nemo walked in front, one of his men following some steps behind. Conseil and I remained⑨ near each other, as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases【4】. I no longer felt the weight of my clothes, or of my shoes, of my air supply, or my thick helmet, inside which my head shook like a nut in its shell.,
读文 清障
⑥look back upon/on回顾
⑦impression/Im'pre n/n.印象；感想；影响；效果
impress/Im'pres/v.给……留下深刻印象
leave an impression on/upon sb.给某人留下印象
⑧waters n．[熟词生义][pl.]水域，海域
⑨remain /rI'meIn/v.仍然是；保持不变；剩余；遗留；继续存在；仍需去做
⑩possible /'p s bl/adj.可能；能做到(或取得)；可能存在(或发生)的；合理的；可接受的
【3】过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰impression。
【4】 as if引导方式状语从句，句中使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。
1 现在，我该怎样回顾那次海底漫步给我留下的印象呢？言语不足以描述这样的奇事！尼摩船长走在前面，他的一个随从跟在身后，距离他几步远。康塞尔和我彼此紧挨着，好像我们可以通过金属外壳交谈似的。我不再感受得到我的衣服、鞋子、氧气罐和这厚厚的头盔的重量。我的头在头盔里面摇来晃去，就像果仁在壳里晃动一般。
原文 呈现
2 The light, which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean【5】， astonished me by its power . The solar rays shone through the watery mass easily, and consumed all colour, and I clearly distinguished objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards. Beyond that the colours darkened into fine shades of deep blue, and gradually disappeared. Truly this water which surrounded me【6】 was but another air heavier than the Earth's atmosphere, but almost as clear. Above me was the calm surface of the sea.【7】 We were walking on fine ， even sand, not wrinkled ， as on a flat shore ， which keeps the impression of the waves【8】．This dazzling carpet ，really a reflector，drove away the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity ， which accounted for the vibration which passed through every atom of liquid. Shall I be believed when I say that，at the depth of thirty feet, I could see as if I was in broad daylight？【9】
(Adaptation from Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne)
读文 清障
astonish / 'st n / v．使吃惊，使惊讶
power /'pa (r)/n.控制力；影响力；操纵力；统治；政权；能力；机会 v．驱动，推动(机器或车辆)；(使)迅猛移动，快速前进
power up给……供电；使(机器)启动
fine adj.纤细的；很细的
even adj.平的，平滑的，平坦的
wrinkled/'r k( )ld/adj.有皱褶的
shore/ / n．岸，滨
dazzling adj.耀眼的，光彩夺目的
carpet/'kɑ p t/ n．地毯
drive away驱赶，驱走
intensity/ n'tens ti/ n．(光、声等的)强度
account for是……的原因，解释……
vibration/va 'bre ( )n/ n．震颤，震动
pass through经过，穿过
atom/' t m/ n．原子
depth/depθ/ n．深，深度
at the depth of 在……深度
in broad daylight在大白天
【5】which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰The light。
【6】which引导的定语从句修饰water，且which在从句中作主语。
【7】本句是表语提前引起的倒装。正常语序是：The calm surface of the sea was above me.
【8】which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰a flat shore，且which在从句中作主语。
【9】本句是主从复合句。主句是一般疑问句“Shall I be believed？”，when引导的时间状语从句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又包含一个as if引导的方式状语从句。2 光照亮了海面下三十英尺处的土壤，这股力量让我震惊。阳光毫不费力地穿过了海水，把水中的所有颜色驱散，我可以看清一百五十码远的物体。再往远处，颜色变成深蓝，接着渐渐消失。真的，在我周围的水只是另一种空气，虽然密度较地球上的空气大，但几乎一样透明。在我之上是平静无波的海面。脚下的沙地又细又平，并不像平坦的海滩会随着海浪而褶皱。这种炫人眼目的地毯简直是一块反光板，把太阳光线强烈地反射出去，光线所经之处的每个水分子都因此而震动。当我说，在水下三十英尺深的地方，可以像在大白天一样看得很清楚，会有人相信我吗？
(改编自儒勒·凡尔纳的《海底两万里》
基础 自测
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．servant n．仆人，佣人
2．submarine n．潜(水)艇
3．charge n．主管，负责
4．captain n．船长
5．ahead adv.在前面
6．chapter n．章节
7．shore n．岸，滨
8．nut n．坚果(仁)
9．ray n．光线，光束
10．consume v．消耗
11．gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地
12．distinguish v．看清；认出
13．wrinkled adj.有皱褶的
14．carpet n．地毯
15．intensity n．(光、声等的)强度
16．depth n．深，深度
17．beneath prep.在……之下，在……正下方
18．resident n．居民，住户
19．male n．雄性动物
拓展词汇
20．permit v．允许，准许，许可→permission n．允许；许可
21．fascinated adj.被迷住的，被吸引住的→fascinate v．使着迷→fascination n．魅力；入迷
22．relate v．相联系，有关联；讲述→related adj.有关系的，有关联的
23．astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.感到十分惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶
24．surround v．环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.附近的，周围的→surroundings n．环境
25．broad adj.宽的，阔的→broaden v．扩大；变宽
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in_broad_daylight 在大白天
2．along_with 与……一起
3．in_charge 负责，主管
4．in_order_to 为了
5．adapt_from 由……改编
6．no_longer 不再
7．solar_ray 太阳光线
8．at_a_distance_of 在……的距离
9．account_for 是……的原因，解释……
10．as_if 仿佛，好像
11．leave_an_impression_on_sb. 给某人留下印象
12．be_known_for 因……而出名
13．ahead_of 在……之前
14．look_back_upon 回顾；回忆
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge, Captain Nemo.
[句式分析]
They are captured and taken inside the submarine，
一般现在时的被动语态
where they meet the man in charge， Captain Nemo.
where 引导的定语从句
[尝试翻译] 他们被抓了起来并带进潜水艇里，在那里他们见到了负责人，尼摩船长。
2．I no longer felt the weight of my clothes, or of my shoes, of my air supply, or my thick helmet, inside which my head shook like a nut in its shell.
[句式分析]
I no longer felt the weight of my clothes, or of my shoes, of my air supply, or my thick helmet，
inside which my head shook like a nut in its shell.
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
[尝试翻译] 我不再感受得到我的衣服、鞋子、氧气罐和这厚厚的头盔的重量。我的头在头盔里面摇来晃去，就像果仁在壳里晃动一般。
3．This dazzling carpet, really a reflector, drove away the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity, which accounted for the vibration which passed through every atom of liquid.
[句式分析]
This dazzling carpet, really a reflector, drove away the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity，
which accounted for the vibration
which 引导定语从句，代指前面一句话的内容
which passed through every atom of liquid.
which 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 vibration
[尝试翻译] 这种炫人眼目的地毯简直是一块反光板，把太阳光线强烈地反射出去，光线所经之处的每个水分子都因此而震动。
词汇 精讲
1．charge n．主管，负责，收费 v．收费；要价；控告
[教材P75]They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge, Captain Nemo.他们被抓了起来并带进潜水艇里，在那里他们见到了负责人，尼摩船长。
归纳拓展
(1)take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……
in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责
(2)free of charge＝for free 免费
(3)charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人(做)某
佳句背诵
She left her assistant in charge.
她委托助手来负责。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①The department has been in the charge of Mr Bell for more than a year.
②How much did he charge you for repairing this pair of shoes
③The police charged the man with stealing the jewels.
2．permit v．允许，准许，许可
[教材P75]In order to keep this secret, Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave the submarine.为了保守这个秘密，尼摩船长告诉他的三名新乘客，他们不得离开潜水艇。
归纳拓展
(1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)a driving permit 驾照
(3)permission n．[U] 允许；许可
without permission 未经允许
ask for permission 请求允许
佳句背诵
Is your work permit in order
你的工作许可证有效吗？
?联想发散
动词permit的常见用法为：permit doing sth./sb. to do sth.，有类似用法的动词还有：
①allow doing sth./sb. to do sth. 允许(某人)做某事
②forbid doing sth./sb. to do sth. 禁止(某人)做某事
③advise doing sth./sb. to do sth. 建议(某人)做某事
④encourage doing sth./sb. to do sth. 鼓励(
