Unit 6 Disaster and hope
单元目标解读 ·学科素养达成
[单元目标]
单元课程探究 单元内容分析
Starting out & Understanding ideas Hot! Hot! Hot！(热！热！热！) 通过讲述“我”发现气候越来越热，引发“我”对未来生存的担忧，让人们提高保护环境的意识 本单元的主题语境是人与自然，通过文本材料呈现以下内容：作者对人类面临的极端天气状况的担忧；面临灾难时，要乐观、自信，看到生活的美好一面，坚定地生活
Grammar Ellipsis(省略)
Developing ideas Stars after the storm(暴风雨后的星辰) 通过讲述当飓风到来的时候，“我”和家人乐观、坚强面对的经历，鼓励人们勇敢地迎接困难
Writing safety guidelines 写一个安全准则。该类作文以说明为主，说明哪些该做、哪些不该做
单元核心素养 激发学生增强保护环境的意识以及面临困难积极应对的态度
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
原文 呈现
Hot! Hot! Hot!
1 Picking up① a free newspaper at the Tube② station【1】， I see the title “Hot！Hot！Hot！”. Today, the temperature in London is expected to reach 30 plus③ degrees！The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not usual for London. It's going to be awful on the Central Line, with no air conditioning. Why did they have to invent④ the Tube before air conditioning？It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as⑤ one of the deepest. It's the hottest on the whole⑥ Tube system.
2 Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting⑦【2】. This, however, is nothing compared⑧ to the train【3】. Because there's no air conditioning, the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees! It's lovely at the beach, but not so when you're wearing⑨ a suit and in a crowd of⑩ passengers! I'm sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one! I had bacon and eggs for breakfast, and now I'm feeling a bit sick—I hope I can make it to Bank station... I'll avoid the feeling by thinking about work. I work in a tall, glass building. One very hot summer，the sun reflected off it and melted cars parked below！Will this happen again today
读文 清障
①pick up拿起，捡起；接电话；(偶然)学会；(开车)接人；改善，好转
②the Tube(伦敦的)地下铁道，地铁
at the Tube station在地铁站
③plus /pl s/ adj.(用于数字后面表示)多，余
④invent/In'vent/v.发明；创造；编造；捏造；虚构
invention/In'ven n/n.发明；创意；创造；虚构
⑤as well as既……又……；此外；除……之外；还
⑥on the whole大体上说；总的说来
⑦erupt/I'r pt/v.(火山)爆发，喷发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出；突然发生；爆发；突然发出(尤指叫喊)
erupt into突然变为或发展成(更坏的事)
⑧compare/k m'pe (r)/v.比较；对比；与……类似(或相似)；表明……与……相似；将……比作
compared...to/with... ……与……相比
⑨wear/we (r)/ v．穿；戴；佩戴
wear away (使)磨损；(使)磨薄
wear on (时间)流逝
wear sb. out使某人精疲力竭；耗尽
⑩a crowd of...一大群……
crowds of...成群的……
next to紧邻；在……近旁；仅次于；紧接；几乎
make it to赶上，到达
avoid/ 'v Id/v.避免；防止；回避；避开；躲避；避免撞到(某物)
avoid sth. by靠……逃避某事
reflect off反射
melt/melt/v.(使)熔化，融化；(使)软化，变得温柔
melt away (情绪等)消失，消散；(人群)逐渐散去
melt down熔化(以再利用)
【1】现在分词短语作伴随状语，pick与I之间是主动关系。
【2】that引导的定语从句修饰volcano，且that在从句中作主语。
【3】过去分词短语作状语，表被动。
热！热！热！
1 我在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸，看到标题是“热！热！热！”。今天，伦敦的气温预计将达到30多度！7月份的平均高温只有22度，因此超过30度对伦敦来说并不常见。在没有空调的情况下，中央线路会很糟糕。为什么他们要在发明空调之前先发明地铁？典型的是我的旅程是在一条最古老，也是最深的线路上。这是整个地铁系统中最热的线路。
2 果然，走下楼梯，踏上平台，就像跳进一座正在喷发的火山。然而，与列车相比，这算不了什么。因为没有空调，列车里的温度可以达到35度！在海滩上很不错，但当你穿着西装，坐在一大群乘客中时就不一样了！我相信我和我旁边的乘客都正在熔化而且快融为一体了！我早餐吃了咸肉和鸡蛋，现在我感觉有点不舒服——我希望我能挺到银行站……我会通过考虑工作来避免这种感觉。我在一座玻璃高楼里工作。一个非常炎热的夏天，阳光反射在玻璃上面，停在下面的汽车都熔化了！今天还会这样吗？
原文 呈现
3 Yes，each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared . Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future I should probably put my flat on the market and buy a boat. That way ， when the Thames rises and there is a flood in London, I'll still be able to get to work. But wait! Would I still have a workplace to go to My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low 【4】. I'll speak with my manager about moving to the top floor. Most importantly, I will need to learn to swim! I'll join a beginner's swimming class immediately. Then I'll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded 【5】．
4 Looking through my newspaper 【6】， I'm shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town【7】. What's more, heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides, and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires. Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
5 “The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement 【8】. That's my destination. Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart, I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face. Well, maybe I have been worrying too much. After all, it's only 30 degrees outside！
读文 清障
seem/si m/v.好像，似乎，看来；看来好像
seem to do sth. 似乎……
scared/ske d/adj.害怕的；恐惧的；畏惧的；担心的
scare v．惊吓；使害怕；使恐惧
scare of (sb./sth.)害怕；畏惧
put... on the market出售……
that way＝in that way那样；那么
on the third floor在第四层楼(英式表达)
the top floor顶层
immediately/I'mi di tli/adv.即刻，马上；附近；紧接地；直接地
immediate/I'mi di t/adj.立即的；当前的；迫切的；接近的
destroy/dI'str I/v.摧毁；毁灭；破坏
destruction/dI'str k n/n.摧毁；毁灭；破坏
occur/ 'k /v.发生；出现；存在于；出现在
occur to sb.(观念或想法)被想到；出现在头脑中
announcement/ 'na nsm nt/n.通告，公告
worry/'w ri/v.担心；担忧；发愁；使担心；使担忧
worry about sb./sth.担心某人/某事
【4】此句是一个省略句。其完整形式为it is so quite low。
【5】when引导时间状语从句。
【6】现在分词短语作状语。
【7】现在分词短语showing that...town作定语，修饰photos；that引导的宾语从句作showing的宾语。
【8】此处是完全倒装结构。
3 是的，似乎伦敦的每个夏天的确都比去年更热。我突然感到有点害怕。也许现在是开始计划未来的时候了？我或许应该把我的公寓卖掉然后买条船。那样，当泰晤士河上涨，伦敦发生洪水时，我仍然可以上班。但是等等！我还有可去工作的地方吗？我的办公室就在这栋楼的四楼，太低了。我会和我的经理谈谈搬到顶层的事。最重要的是，我需要学会游泳！我马上就去参加一个初级游泳班。到那时，即使高楼被洪水淹没，我也能活下来。
4 浏览我的报纸，我对亚洲的一次飓风摧毁了一个城镇的照片感到震惊。此外，东欧的大雨导致了山体滑坡，整个南欧的高温导致了森林火灾。专家表示，这种恶劣天气是由气候变化造成的。这样的消息让我感到紧张。既然在地球上很难避免灾难，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
5 “下一站是银行！”广播里通知。那是我的目的地。带着沉重的心情走出车站，我突然感到一阵清新的风吹在我脸上。嗯，也许我多虑了。毕竟，外面只有30度！
基础 自测
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．disaster n．灾难，灾祸
2．tube n．管子
3．plus adj.(用于数字后面表示)多，余
4．hurricane n．飓风
5．temperature n．温度
6．passenger n．乘客
7．destination n．目的地
拓展词汇
8．erupt v．(火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n．爆发，喷发
9．immediately adv.即刻，马上→immediate adj.立刻的
10．occur v．发生→occurred(过去式/过去分词)
11．announcement n．通告，公告→announce v．宣告，宣布
12．natural adj.自然的→nature n．自然→naturally adv.自然地
13．definitely adv.肯定→definite adj.肯定的；清楚的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．react_to 对……作出反应
2．in_the_face_of 面对
3．deal_with 处理；应付
4．pick_up 拿起；捡起
5．be_expected_to 期望；预计
6．as_well_as 也；除……之外
7．be_compared_to 与……作比较
8．think_about 考虑
9．move_to 搬到
10．look_through 浏览；快速查看
11．due_to 由于
12．step_out_of 走出……
13．after_all 毕竟
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting.
[句式分析]
Sure enough，going down the stairs and onto the platform, is like jumping into a volcano .
现在分词短语作主语 定语从句
[尝试翻译] 果然，走下楼梯，踏上平台，就像跳进一座正在喷发的火山。
2．Looking through my newspaper, I'm shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.
[句式分析]
， I'm shocked by photos
现在分词短语作状语
现在分词短语作后置定语；that 引导宾语从句
[尝试翻译] 浏览我的报纸，我对亚洲的一次飓风摧毁了一个城镇的照片感到震惊。
语篇 细研
第一遍：快读课文，把握段落大意
段落 关键词(句) 概括段意
Paragraphs1～3 free newspaper, 30 plus degrees, no air conditioning, typical, deepest, hottest
jumping into a volcano，erupting, reach 35 degrees, a crowd of passengers, melting and becoming one
hotter, scared, start planning for the future，put my flat on the market, buy a boat, a flood, low, swim, survive, the tall buildings
Paragraph4 shocked, hurricane, destroyed a town, heavy rain, landslides, heat, forest fires, bad weather, climate change, nervous, avoid a disaster, moving to space
Paragraph5 a heavy heart, a fresh wind, worrying, after all, only 30 degrees outside
答案：Paragraphs 1～3 I see an article titled “Hot! Hot! Hot! ”. ; It was too hot in the Tube.; The author worries about the impact of rising temperatures on life.
Paragraph 4 Climate change causes bad weather.
Paragraph 5 The author feels better after stepping out of the station.
第二遍：精读课文，完成下列题目
1．精读文章第1段，完成下面题目。
Why is it going to be awful at the Tube station today
答案：Over 30 degrees is not usual for London and there is no air conditioning.
2．精读文章第2段，判断正(T)误(F)。
(1)There is a volcano that's erupting at the Tube station.(F)
(2)I feel a bit sick because it is too hot and too crowded.(T)
(3)One very hot summer, my car is on fire.(F)
3．精读文章第3段，判断正(T)误(F)。
(1)I have bought a flat on the market and a boat.(F)
(2)The Thames has risen and there will be a flood in London. (F)
(3)My office is on the third floor of the building.(T)
4．精读文章第4段，完成下面题目。
What caused this bad weather
答案：Climate change.
5．精读文章第5段，完成下列题目。
(1)What is the author's destination
答案：Bank.
(2)What's the temperature outside
答案：Only 30 degrees.
词汇 精讲
1．pick up(开车)接人；搭载；营救，搭救；拿起，捡起；接收(信号等)；学会；廉价买到；恢复原状；改善，好转
[教材P82]Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube station, I see the title“Hot! Hot! Hot！”．我在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸，看到标题是“热！热！热！”。
归纳拓展
take up 继续；占用；开始从事
make up 构成；作出补偿；组成；化妆；和解
show up 出现；露面；如约赶到
bring up 抚养；教
佳句背诵
Will you pick up all your toys
把你的玩具都收起来好不好？
巧学活用
完成句子
①Women officers make_up 13 percent of the police force.
女警察构成警力的13%。
②She brought_up five children.
她抚育了五个孩子。
③The table takes_up too much room.
这张桌子太占地方。
④It was getting late when she finally showed_up.
天色已晚，她终于赶到了。
2．average adj.平均的；普通的；正常的 n．平均数；平均水平，一般水准 v．平均为；计算出……的平均数
[教材P82]The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not usual for London.7月份的平均高温只有22度，因此超过30度对伦敦来说并不常见。
归纳拓展
an average of 平均有
on average 平均
above average 在平均水平以上
below average 在平均水平以下
up to average 达到平均水平
average out (at) 平均数
佳句背诵
The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.
4、5、9三个数的平均数是6。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①I spend 100 yuan on books each month on average.
②The cost should average out at about ￡6 per person.
完成句子
③Parents spend an_average_of $200 a year on toys for their children.
父母给他们的孩子们买玩具的花费每年平均为200美元。
3．typical adj.典型的，有代表性的；一贯的，平常的
[教材P82]It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest.典型的是我的旅程是在一条最古老，也是最深的线路上。
归纳拓展
(1)be typical of 有……的特点；典型的
It is typical of sb. to do sth. 某人不出所料做某事。
(2)typically adv.具有代表性地；通
佳句背诵
This is your typical English pub.
这就是典型的英格兰酒吧。
巧学活用
完成句子
This meal is_typical_of local cookery.
这是有当地风味的饭菜。
4．reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考
[教材P83]One very hot summer, the sun reflected off it and melted cars parked below！一个非常炎热的夏天，太阳反射在它上面，融化了停在下面的汽车！
归纳拓展
(1)reflect on/upon sth.仔细考虑/沉思/反省某事
be reflected in 被映照在……中；被反映在……
reflect sth. from sth.从某物(表面) 反射(光、热、声等)
(2)reflection n．反映，表现；倒影，影像；思考，反省
on/upon reflection 经过考虑后(改变看法)
a reflection of ……的反
佳句背诵
We should all give ourselves time to reflect.
我们都应该给自己时间来深思。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①The sunlight was_reflected(reflect) from the water.
②Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection(reflect) of his family environment.
③You should set aside some time to reflect on your successes and failures.
5．shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊
[教材P84]Looking through my newspaper, I'm shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. 浏览我的报纸，我对亚洲的一次飓风摧毁了一座城镇的照片感到震惊。
归纳拓展
(1)in (a state of) shock 震惊地
a great shock 极大的震惊
be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击
come as a shock 让某人大吃一惊
(2)shocked adj.感到惊讶的
be shocked at/by sth. 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj.令人震惊
shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前通常与不定冠词a连用。即：抽象名词具体化
佳句背诵
She was in a state of shock.
她震惊不已。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①We were all shocked at the news of his death.
②The news that the two popular stars took drugs together illegally was a shock to their fans.
③So scientists have come up with a shocking(shock) idea.
6．occur v．发生
[教材P84]Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.专家表示，这种恶劣天气是由气候变化造成的。
归纳拓展
occurrence n．发生，出现；发生的事
表达“发生”之意时，occur与happen可以互换；另外occur、happen、take place、break out、come about等表示“发生”的词或短语都不能用于被动语态
佳句背诵
When exactly did the incident occur
这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？
巧学活用
完成句子
The possibility that she might be wrong never occurred_to_her.
她根本没有想到她可能会错。
7．announcement n．通告，公告
[教材P84]“The next station is Bank！”comes the announcement.“下一站是银行！”广播里通知。
归纳拓展
(1)make an announcement 发布通知；发表公告
(2)announce v．宣布；通知
announce to sb. 向某人宣布
It is announced that... 据宣布……
(3)announcer n．广播员；播音
佳句背诵
He was floored by the announcement.
他被这个通告震惊得不知所措。
巧学活用
完成句子
①The government announced_to the public that the mayor would resign.
政府向公众宣布那位市长要辞职。
②The minister made_an_announcement at the news conference.
部长在记者招待会上发表了一项声明。
③It_was_announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.
据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。
8．after all毕竟；终究
[教材P84]After all, it's only 30 degrees outside！毕竟，外面只有30度！
归纳拓展
at all究竟(在问句、条件句及肯定句中表强调)
not...at all根本不；一点也不
in all总共
above all首先；最重要的是
all in all总的来说；总而言之
first of all首先(强调次序)
佳句背诵
So you made it after all!
你毕竟成功了！
巧学活用
完成句子
①Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report，but he went after_all.
鲍勃以为他不能去参加聚会了，因为他要写一份报告，但他终究还是去了。
②You should be patient to Jenny.After_all she is only a child.
你应该对珍妮有耐心。毕竟她只是个孩子。
③We must work, and above_all we must believe in ourselves.
我们必须工作，最重要的是我们必须相信自己。
④There are thirty in_all in the party who will travel to Lanzhou.
一行总共有三十人要去兰州旅游。
句式 突破
1.Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...[教材P84]
既然在地球上很难避免灾难，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
句式分析
now that引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略，在意思和用法上同since。
归纳拓展
(1)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：since, because, as, considering (that), in that等。
(2)引导原因状语的短语：due to, thanks to, because of, as a result of, owing to, on account of 等
佳句背诵
Now that everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.
既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。
巧学活用
完成句子
①Now_(that)/Since you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
既然你已经长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。
②I've been lucky in_that/because I have never had to worry about money.
我很幸运，因为我从来不必为钱发愁。
2．Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart, I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face.[教材P84]
带着沉重的心情走出车站，我突然感到一阵清新的风吹在我脸上。
句式分析
句中现在分词短语Stepping out of... 作伴随状语，伴随状语的逻辑主语通常是全句的主语，其表示的动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态是同时发生的。
归纳拓展
现在分词作状语
(1)作时间状语 (2)作方式状语
(3)作目的状语 (4)作结果状语
(5)作伴随状语 (6)作原因状
佳句背诵
They walked along the street, singing and laughing.
他们又唱又笑地沿着街道散步。
巧学活用
完成句子
①He sat in the armchair, reading_a_newspaper.
他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。
②Walking_by_the_lake,_I met an old friend.
沿着湖边散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。
③Living_far_from_my_company,_I have to get up early every morning.
由于住得离公司太远，我每天早晨只好早起。
④The parents died, leaving_the_child_an_orphan.
父母死了，使这个孩子成了孤儿。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Property insurance(保险) helps you to defend against natural disasters(灾难)．
2．Don't get the plastic tube(管子) close to the fire; it burns easily.
3．A powerful hurricane(飓风) struck the town of America, causing at least ten deaths.
4．More than 400 mainland tourists were rescued from the landslide(滑坡) site till Saturday.
5．The temperature is expected to be 34 plus degrees.
6．The volcano erupted and the lava poured down the mountain, burying several villages.
7．Immediately I saw it, I knew I had seen it before.
8．The snow showed no sign of melting.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Many students go to school on the Tube in Beijing every day.
2．It never occurred(occur) to him that the tropical violent thunderstorms would cause so terrifying waves.
3．They made an announcement(announce) saying that there would be an English speech competition next week.
4．She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.
5．Hello, Tom. I have_been_looking(look) for you all the morning. Where have you been
6．The volcano erupted(erupt) in 1980, damaging a large area of Washington State.
7．The bank isn't performing as well(good) as some of its competitors.
8．He liked the lovely dog so much that he set aside his book and played with it immediately (immediate)．
Ⅲ.选词填空
compare to; after all; pick up; feel scared; make it; be expected to; due to; as well a
1．Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as_well_as Robert.
2．He says he'll come on time, but he'll never make_it.
3．How about buying Tim a mobile phone After_all,_he isn't a boy any more.
4．I saw a disappointed expression on his face due_to his disappointing test score.
5．Survivors of the ship wreck were picked_up by small boats.
6．His progress at school had been too little compared_to his brother.
7．You are_expected_to finish it in time.
8．She felt_scared because the water became deeper and deeper.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．My friend began to pick_up after staying in hospital for several days.
我朋友在医院待了几天后，情况开始好转。
2．The train won't leave for another ten minutes, so I think we can make_it.
火车还有十分钟才开，所以我想我们能赶上。
3．I suppose it didn't occur_to_you_to_phone_me.
我想你根本就没想到打电话给我。
4．My sister has_been_studying Chinese since she was 5 years old.
我姐姐自5岁起就一直学汉语。
5．Predicting the future can be difficult as_well_as embarrassing.
预测未来可能既困难又令人难堪。
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Today, the temperature in London is expected to reach 30 plus degrees, which is 1.________(usual) for London because the average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees. Going 2.________ the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting. Each summer in London definitely seems 3.________(hot) than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared and perhaps I should start planning 4.________ the future. I imagine putting my flat on the market and buying a boat. That way, when the Thames 5.________(rise) and there is a flood in London, I'll still be able to get to work. Later, I'm shocked by photos 6.________(show) that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. This inspires me 7.________(start) thinking about moving to space... “8.________ next station is Bank！” comes the announcement. That's my destination. I feel a fresh wind on my face 9.________(immediate) I step out of the station. Well, maybe I have been worrying too much. After all, it's only 30 10.________(degree) outside!
1．解析：考查形容词。根据“because the average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees”可知，30多度是不寻常的，故填unusual。
答案：unusual
2．解析：考查副词。根据去坐地铁时的实际情形及onto可知，此处指的是下台阶，故填down。
答案：down
3．解析：考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than可知，此处应用比较级，故填hotter。
答案：hotter
4．解析：考查介词。plan for＋名词，表示“计划……”，故填for。
答案：for
5．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。主句用的是一般将来时，所以when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表将来，且the Thames为单数，故填rises。
答案：rises
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填词语为非谓语动词，且photos与show之间为主动关系，故填showing。
答案：showing
7．解析：考查非谓语动词。inspire sb. to do sth.为固定用法，故填to start。
答案：to start
8．解析：考查冠词。根据next station可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词The。故填The。
答案：The
9．解析：考查连词。分析空处前后可知，此处表示“一……就”，故填immediately。
答案：immediately
10．解析：考查名词的数。根据前面的30可知，此处应用复数形式，故填degrees。
答案：degrees
课时作业(十六) Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Nancy's first reaction(反应) to the news was a strange mixture of joy and anger.
2．He witnessed a volcanic eruption(爆发)．
3．The result was just contrary to my expectation(期待), and I failed.
4．The egg shaped vehicle has room for a single passenger(乘客) and a small suitcase.
5．There are many wild creatures in the natural(自然的) world.
6．The ancient castle is a popular tourist destination(目的地)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
in the face of； step out of； bring up； look through； make up； due to； above average； pick up
1．People speak highly of the boy's bravery and calm in_the_face_of such an emergency.
2．It didn't take me long to pick_up my friend at the airport.
3．She looked_through the letter, and cried out suddenly.
4．People are usually well informed of what is happening due_to the advanced media.
5．David stepped_out_of the ranks when his name was called.
6．I think it's very unkind of you to make_up stories about him.
7．We were brought_up to show respect for the old.
8．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above_average.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．We had a discussion for a long time to determine if we would stay in a small village or make ________ to the next city 24 km away.
解析：考查固定用法。句意：我们花了很长时间讨论，以决定我们是留宿在一个小村子里，还是继续前行24千米，到下一个城市去住宿。make it to“(尤指在困难情况下)赶上，到达”。
答案：it
2．________(compare) to other countries, this country has managed to keep the virus under better control over recent months.
解析：考查固定用法。句意：与其他国家相比，该国近几个月来更好地控制住了新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情。compared to是固定短语，意为“与……相比”。
答案：Compared
3．Food supplies in the flood stricken area are running out; we must act ________(immediate) before there's nothing left.
解析：考查副词。句意：洪灾地区的食品供给快要用完了，我们必须在用完之前立刻采取行动。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语。
答案：immediately
4．I was going to pay in cash when it ________(occur) to me that I had left my purse at home.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：我正要付现金，突然想起我把钱包落在家里了。由句中的was和had left可知，此处应用一般过去时。occur的过去式为occurred。It occurred to sb. that...“某人突然想起……”为固定句型。
答案：occurred
5．He had thought about ________(buy) stocks, but finally gave up the idea considering the risk of it.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他曾想过买股票，但考虑到其风险，最终放弃了这一念头。介词后应用动名词形式。think about doing sth.为固定用法，表示“考虑做某事”。
答案：buying
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Terrible disasters in the last 50 or 100 years have become increasingly common. Over the last 30 years, the number of weather related disasters has increased quickly, and the disasters have also affected more people and caused more economic loss. However, much of this could be avoided through disaster risk reduction(DRR降低灾难风险)．
A meeting, held in Sendai, Japan on March 15, 2015, opened one day after Cyclone Pam hit Vanuatu, which struck the islands with winds of up to 340 km/h and destroyed the island nation. The speech by the President of Vanuatu was given shortly after that. He begged the international community for support and stronger commitment(承诺) to helping them manage climate and disaster risks. In the face of disasters, it is always the developing countries that suffer most. Damage in these countries is often worse and unluckily, there is limited money and technique to prevent these disasters.
In fact, we have seen Asian countries—especially those that have suffered a lot in disasters can't pay the price. The great loss Asia has suffered comes to a total of almost $53 billion yearly over the past 20 years.
At the same time, studies have shown once again that proper prevention saves lives and damage. With this in mind, people at the Sendai meeting were able to come up with new agreements that effective ways of disaster risk reduction will be carried out in the coming years for those who easily get damaged in disasters.
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇说明文。如果预防措施得当的话，很多自然灾害的风险是可以降低的。
1．According to the first paragraph, disasters ________.
A．can all be prevented
B．have become more frequent
C．are all weather related ones
D．affect fewer people than before
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一句话可知，在过去的50或100年，可怕的灾害变得日益常见。故选B项。
答案：B
2．We can know from the passage that ____________.
A．the Sendai meeting was held one day after Cyclone Pam hit Vanuatu
B．Vanuatu was terribly destroyed by an earthquake
C．the President of Vanuatu begged his country to prevent the disaster
D．Vanuatu is a small island in Japan
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，在飓风帕姆袭击瓦努阿图后第二天，日本仙台就举行了一个会议。故选A项。
答案：A
3．When a disaster happens, which of the following countries will suffer most
A．Japan. B．America.
C．Vietnam. D．Britain.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，灾难发生后，总是发展中国家遭受的损失最大。选项中Vietnam(越南)是发展中国家。故选C项。
答案：C
4．Which of the following can be the main idea of this text
A．Proper ways that save lives and damage have come up.
B．The Sendai meeting has made new commitments.
C．Natural disasters have become more common.
D．Some natural disasters can be reduced and avoided.
解析：主旨大意题。第一段最后一句是本文的主旨句，由此句可知，多数的人身和经济损失可以通过降低灾难风险来避免。故选D项。
答案：D
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A friend of mine whose name was John Smith had a bad memory, which made him famous.He was so forgetful that he sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sentence.His wife had to constantly remind him about his meetings, his classes—even his meals! Once he forgot he had eaten breakfast twice, at home and at school.His wife liked to remind her neighbors, “If John didn't have his head tied on, he would forget that too！” Since Smith was a professor at a well known university, his forgetfulness was often an embarrassment to him.It wasn't that he was not clever, as some critical people tended to say, but just very absent minded.
One hot summer day, Professor Smith decided to take his children to a seaside town about a three hour train ride away.To make the trip more interesting for his young children, he kept the name of the town a secret.However, by the time they arrived at the station, Smith forgot the name of the town he was planning to visit.Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station.He offered to take care of the children while Smith hurried back home to find out where he was going.
The professor's wife was surprised to see him again so soon.
“Oh, my dear, I forgot the name of the town.”
“What You forgot the name Maybe one day you will forget my name! Now I'll write the name of that town on a piece of paper, and you put it in your pocket and please, please don't forget where you put it.”
Satisfied that she had solved the problem, she sent her husband off again.Ten minutes later she was astonished to see him outside the house for the third time.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“What is the matter now？” asked his wife.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Hearing the cry, out rushed their neighbors, trying to find out what had happened.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
“What is the matter now？” asked his wife. “I just can't remember why I come back and where I am supposed to be going on such a hot summer day，” replied the professor.However, the real reason was that he forgot where he had left his children.Sensing something wrong, Mrs Smith didn't believe his words, because whenever he told a lie, he would blink his eyes usually quickly.“Tell me the truth，” ordered his wife.“As you told me, I didn't forget where I put the name of that town, but I forget the station where I left our children！” whispered the professor, his voice trembling.“What a bad memory！” shouted the wife.
Hearing the cry, out rushed their neighbors, trying to find out what had happened. A fight between the couple was about to start when the professor's cell phone began to ring.His friend, whose patience had worn thin, phoned to complain. The professor apologized, got into his car and drove away, leaving behind a bunch of people outside the house. Being afraid that he would make matters worse again, Mrs Smith decided to follow him, who then called a taxi.By the time she caught up with her husband, the children were already back home safe and sound.
Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．grab v．攫取，抓住
2．rescue v．营救，解救
3．typhoon n．台风
4．claim v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
5．crisis n．危机
6．satellite n．人造卫星
拓展词汇
7．forecast v．预测，预报→forecast/forecasted(过去式/过去分词)
8．reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的→unreliable adj.不可靠的；不能信赖的→rely v．依赖；依靠
9．emergency n．紧急情况，不测事件→emergent adj.新兴的
10．exceptionally adv.极其，非常→exceptional adj.异常的，罕见的→exception n．一般情况以外的人(或事物)；例外
11．threaten v．威胁到，危及→threatening adj.威胁的；恐吓的→threatened adj.感到危险的
12．precisely adv.精确地，准确地→precise adj.精确的；准确的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．on_the_way 在路上；即将去(或来)
2．head_for 朝……行进
3．up_to 多达
4．be_known_as 作为……而出名
5．as_far_away_as 远至
6．result_in/lead_to 导致
7．more_than 多于，超过
8．thousands_of 成千上万的
9．over_time 随着时间的推移
10．air_pressure 气压
11．pay_attention_to 注意
12．be_sure_to 必定，一定
13．suffer_from 承受；遭受
14．leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
Ⅲ.经典结构
1．Unusual animal behaviour, for example, can indicate whether_it's_cold,_wet weather that's on the way or_a_hot,_dry period.
例如，不同寻常的动物行为可以表明即将到来的是寒冷潮湿的天气还是炎热干燥的时期。
2．It_is_also_said_that mice and snakes head for safer ground several days before an earthquake, while_dogs_avoiding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is approaching.
还据说，地震前几天，老鼠和蛇会前往更安全的地方，而狗避开海滩可能是海啸即将来临的征兆。
3．Consisting_of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but_also_included earthquake experts.
它由62人组成，不仅包括救援人员和医务人员，还包括地震专家。
4．When it hit the coast, huge tidal waves caused severe flood, costing_the_lives_of_up_to 300,000 citizens.
当海啸袭击海岸时，巨大的海啸造成了严重的洪水，夺去了多达30万市民的生命。
Ⅳ.必备语法
Ellipsis省略
把下列句子改成省略句的形式
1．It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest lines.
答案：It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest.
2．My office is only on the third floor of the building, so it is quite low.
答案：My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low.
词汇 精讲
1．leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
[教材P86]What has been left out in sentences (a) and (b)？句子(a)和(b)中省略了什么？
归纳拓展
leave alone 不打扰；不碰
leave aside 搁置一边；不予考虑
leave for 动身去(某地)
leave off 停止；中断
leave behind 把……抛在后面；超过
leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语(过去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等)让……处于……状
佳句背诵
“He denies it，” said the King, “leave out that part.”
“他不承认，”国王说，“省去那部分吧。”
巧学活用
完成句子
①Britain is being left_behind in the race for new markets.
英国在开拓新市场方面正被甩在后面。
②When do you plan to leave_for Canada
你们打算什么时候动身去加拿大？
③Go away and leave_me_alone!
走开，别打扰我！
2．on the way 在途中；即将去(或来)
[教材P86]Unusual animal behaviour, for example, can indicate whether it's cold, wet weather that's on the way or a hot, dry period.例如，不同寻常的动物行为可以表明即将到来的是寒冷潮湿的天气还是炎热干燥的时期。
归纳拓展
on the way to... 在去……的路上
in the way 妨碍；挡道
by the way 顺便说一下
in a way 在某种程度
佳句背诵
We got a flat on the way home.
我们在回家的路上有一个轮胎漏气瘪了。
巧学活用
完成句子
①Fred tried to get to the door, but the table was in_the_way.
弗雷德试图走到门口，可是桌子挡住了去路。
②In_a_way I felt cheated.
在某种程度上，我觉得自己被骗了。
3．threaten v．威胁到，危及
[教材P88]It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.它导致了严重的粮食危机，威胁到950多万人的生计。
归纳拓展
(1)threaten sb. with... 用……威胁某人
threaten to do sth. 威胁/扬言要做某事
(2)threatening adj.恐吓的；威胁的
(3)threat n．威胁，恐吓；凶
佳句背诵
They were threatened with punishment if they disobeyed.
他们受到恐吓，如若违抗就会受到惩罚。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
①He threatened to_take(take) them to court.
完成句子
②Officials say they received a_bomb_threat at approximately 11：30 a．m. today.
官员们说他们在今天上午十一点半左右收到了炸弹恐吓。
省略
语法 讲习
为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在保持句子原意不变的情况下，一些句子常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一、简单句中的省略
1．省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
(You) Shut up!
住嘴！
(You) Want a hand
需要帮忙吗？
(I) Beg your pardon.
请再说一遍。
(It) Doesn't matter.
没关系。
2．省略宾语：当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。
—Do you know Miss Gao
—I don't know (her)．
——你认识高女士吗？
——不认识。
3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
(You come) This way, please.
请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语)
(Have you) Got any ink
你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)
[即时演练1]
补全下列省略句
①Have a seat, please!
答案：You have a seat, please!
②Looks like rain.
答案：It looks like rain.
③Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you dry.
答案：Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you dry them/the dishes.
④Got any idea about the plan
答案：Have you got any idea about the plan
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1．省略共同的主语或宾语。
Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.
汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。
2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
4．若主语不同，但部分谓语及后续部分相同，则省略相同部分谓语及后续部分。
He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid)．
他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。
[即时演练2]
写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Some of us study Japanese, and others study English.others后的study
②He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later.he
③My friend didn't come to school, but I wonder why he/she didn't come to school.he/she_didn't_come_to_school
三、复合句中的省略
1．状语从句的省略
(1)在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning.
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。
Will you be free this Sunday If (it is) so, let's go camping.
这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。
省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。
When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water.
加热的时候冰可以变成水
(2)在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
They don't use more water than (it is) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
He runs as fast as Bob (runs)．
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after, before, because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替be动词。
Because he was ill, he didn't attend the meeting.
→Because of being ill, he didn't attend the meeting.(正)
→Being ill, he didn't attend the meeting.(正)
→Because ill, he didn't attend the meeting.(误)
由于生病了，他没有出席会议
[即时演练3]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①When surfing(surf) the Internet, I downloaded the film.
②Video games can be a poor influence if left(leave) in the wrong hands.
③He shook his head as if to_say(say) “no”．
把下列句子改为省略句
④If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.
→If_so,_I hope you will have a wonderful time.
⑤The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.
→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as_in_Guangzhou.
2．定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，which, that可省略(但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018.
安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2018年。
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
The way (in which/that) he speaks to us is really annoying.
他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。
[即时演练4]
写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Among the many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.which
②Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.that
3．宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.
我真的相信美丽来自内心。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该背过。
(2)when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city)．
我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。
[即时演练5]
写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. that
②She didn't go to school yesterday. I don't know why she didn't go to school yesterday.
she_didn't_go_to_school_yesterday
四、其他的省略情况
1．动词不定式的省略
(1)当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question)．
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
(2)某些使役动词，如make, let, have等和感官动词，如see, watch, notice, observe, hear等，后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。
(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
He likes to swim more than (to) skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree, afford, expect, forget, hope, know, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, would like等。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you)．
我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知怎么去做。
(5)介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着瞧。
(6)当不定式在be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to(visit their parents)．
他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
①省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。②类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to, be going to, be about to, be supposed to, have to, used to及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。
He didn't come, but he ought to have.
他没来，但他应该来。
—Are you a farmer
—No, but I used to be (a farmer)．
——你是个农民吗？
——不是，但我过去是
[即时演练6]
按要求做题
①There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
⑤My mother wouldn't let me to go to see the film.
以上句子中，加黑部分应省略的是：②⑤。不能省略的是：①③④。
2．使用so, not等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或上文中的一部分。
—Can you finish your work today
——你今天能完成工作吗？
—I think so.
——我认为能。
—I don't think so./ I think not.
——我认为不能。
hope, guess, be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not... so的形式。
—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they
—I guess not.
——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？
——我猜是没做好
[即时演练7]
补全句子
①—Is he feeling better today
—I'm_afraid_not(恐怕没有好转)．
②—Tom was injured, or he would have won the race.
—I_think_so(我认为如此)．
3．介词的省略
(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
①have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
②be busy (in) doing sth.
③spend some time (in) doing sth.
④stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
(2)表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some等词之前时，一般省略。
We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.
除星期天外，我们每天都上学。
[即时演练8]
补全下列句中省略的介词
①It was quite light and (at) any moment now the sun would rise.
②There were plenty of empty seats (on) that night.
③I have some trouble (in) learning English.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.将下列句子中省略的部分补全
1．He was determined to carry out the plan, whatever the cost.
答案：He was determined to carry out the plan, whatever the cost was to carry out the plan.
2．He said the meeting was very important and that we all should attend it.
答案：He said that the meeting was very important and that we all should attend it.
3．If not well organized, the meeting will be a failure.
答案：If it is not well organized, the meeting will be a failure.
4．Only one of us was injured, and he just slightly.
答案：Only one of us was injured, and he was injured just slightly.
5．You can do it if you mean to.
答案：You can do it if you mean to do it.
6．I don't like the way she treated her students.
答案：I don't like the way that/in which she treated her students.
7．Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus.
答案：Get up early tomorrow. If you don't get up early tomorrow, you will miss the first bus.
8．While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.
答案：While I was in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.
Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句
1．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
→The burn she_got_from_the_iron was red and very_painful.
2．Just take a short break if you are tired.
→Just take a short break if_tired.
3．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course.
→Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most_haven't.
4．John will travel abroad but his brother will not travel abroad.
→John will travel abroad but his_brother_will_not.
5．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate as_if_waiting_for_someone.
课时作业(十七) Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．According to the weather forecast(预测) frost is expected tomorrow morning.
2．I think we should work out a plan to deal with this crisis(危机)．
3．He knew he could get through any emergency(紧急情况) if he tried his best.
4．Now more and more satellites(人造卫星) and spaceships are sent into space.
5．The only exception(例外) is that you make an insignificant error that will not affect anyone.
6．A typhoon(台风) is a kind of natural disaster.
7．When the rescuers(营救人员) reached the ruins, they saw many dead bodies.
8．Recent pressure(压力) at work may account for his behaviour.
9．Our school is collecting money for donation(捐献)．
10．It is hard to say whether English learning will threaten(威胁) the Chinese language.
Ⅱ.选词填空
result from； leave for； suffer from； on the way； head for； leave out； be sure to； by the way； consist of
1．Many hair problems result_from what you eat.
2．More boys in Britain are suffering_from mental pressure now.
3．On_the_way to school, I happened to witness an accident.
4．The program consists_of recitation, singing, word spelling, story telling and so on.
5．Be_sure_to make efforts to save the hero's life.
6．He was asked to leave_for another city in 24 hours.
7．By_the_way,_do you know his address
8．He left_out the important information on purpose when asked about the case.
9．He heads_for the disabled parking space, the only one that is free.
Ⅲ.写出画线句子的省略形式
Jack：Hi, Henry! Did you watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday
Henry：1.No,_I_didn't_watch_the_documentary_about_environmental_protection_on_TV_yesterday.
Jack：What a pity! I highly recommend it. 2.You_can_watch_it_online_if_you_want_to_watch_the_documentary_about_environmental_protection. It is about some of the worst environmental problems we are facing today. Global warming, for example, is a major problem caused by greenhouse gases.3.I_felt_uncomfortable_when_I_was_watching_the_documentary.
Henry：Does it also talk about solutions to these problems
Jack：Yes. It includes interviews with more than 20 of the world's leading experts on environmental issues. All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve the problems. 4.Some_call_for_the_application_of_modern_technology,_and_others_call_for_a_change_of_lifestyle.
Henry：I wish we could also do something to help. 5.Have_you_got_any_ideas
Jack：What about making a brochure about environmental problems
Henry：6.It_sounds_great! Let's get started after lunch.
1．解析：在简短对话中，答句常保留主语和助动词/be动词，省略其后主要动词及问句出现过的其他内容。根据问句中的“Did you”可知，此处答句可省略为“No，I didn't.”。
答案：No，I didn't.
2．解析：有时为避免重复，一些不定式作宾语时，可省略to后的内容，即用to代替整个不定式。
答案：You can watch it online if you want to.
3．解析：时间状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致，且谓语动词中含有be动词时，常省略从句中的主语和be动词。
答案：I felt uncomfortable when watching the documentary.
4．解析：在并列结构中，常省略与前面相同的主语、谓语或其他成分。此处“Some... technology”和“others... lifestyle”构成并列结构，others后可省略call for。
答案：Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle.
5．解析：在与朋友闲谈、对话等非正式场合，在语境清晰不影响理解的前提下，可省略主语或主语和动词。
答案：Got any ideas？/Any ideas
6．解析：解析同上题。
答案：Sounds great！/Great!
Ⅳ.七选五
Earthquake can strike without warning. But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.
If you're inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things in an earthquake is to try to leave a building. __1__ Drop to the ground. Get under an object that is not easily damaged. Hold on to it until the shaking stops. You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your head. If you're in bed when the quake hits, stay there and protect your head with a pillow.
__2__ Don't take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse beneath you. __3__
If you are trapped in ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing. Use your cell phone to call for help if possible. Don't shout. __4__ Tap on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you.
Be prepared for aftershocks. __5__ However, sometimes they even happen months later. Therefore, if you are not in a safe position after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.
A．Don't move about or kick up dust.
B．If you're outside, go to an open space.
C．Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.
D．Don't park your car under a tree or any tall object.
E．Take a good hold of your cell phone in the building.
F．They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake.
G．Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为了预防像地震这样的自然灾害所造成的伤害和伤亡，人们应该遵守的一些安全提示。
1．解析：前文“One of the most dangerous things in an earthquake is to try to leave a building. (地震中最危险的事情之一是试图离开一栋建筑物。)”与G项(大多数受伤情况发生在人们试图从建筑物内出来的时候。)相呼应，故选G项。
答案：G
2．解析：设空处为本段的主题句。根据空后“Don't take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. (不要在树、路灯、电线杆或高大建筑物下避难。)”可知，B项(如果你在外面，就去空旷的地方。)概括准确，故选B项。
答案：B
3．解析：前文“If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse beneath you. (如果你在开车，尽快停下来，而且要远离天桥、建筑物、桥梁或者其他任何有可能倒塌或坍塌的东西。)”与D项(不要把你的车停在树下或任何高的物体下面。)语意一致，故选D项。
答案：D
4．解析：前文“Don't shout. (不要大叫。)”与C项(大叫可能会让你吸入灰尘。)前后呼应，故选C项。
答案：C
5．解析：后文“However, sometimes they even happen months later. (然而，它们有时甚至数月后才发生。)”与F项(它们可能发生在地震后的前几个小时。)形成转折关系，故选F项。
答案：F
Ⅴ.完形填空
I was talking to some friends while standing in line in the cafeteria at my middle school. As I started to share a funny story, my friend Elizabeth __1__ me. “Coco! Coco！” she called out. Everyone laughed. This is so __2__， I thought. I felt a little bit uncomfortable.
However, I never wanted to ask what “Coco” meant. I __3__ it was a code word for a cute boy. Elizabeth was one of the girls that everyone wanted to be friends with. I felt __4__ to be friends with her. Later, I noticed that Elizabeth often said bad things about other kids. I would have never said those things about someone, but to fit in, I __5__ when Elizabeth said them.
One day, a classmate stopped by my locker and said to me, “‘Coco’ means Elizabeth thinks you're being __6__. It's really mean.” My eyes filled with tears. I couldn't __7__ it.
The next day, at lunchtime, I sat beside Macy, who was sitting with another two girls and who had always seemed nice, __8__ that she didn't know about Coco. “You know Elizabeth is mean, right？” My heart __9__. She knew. Before I could respond, Macy said, “You didn't __10__ to be treated that way, and nobody else does either.” I smiled and then talked to my new friends with __11__. We laughed a lot, and no one interrupted with a mean code word.
Most adolescents are attempting to __12__ who they are and who they want to be. The word Coco will always serve as a(n) __13__ that I need to stay __14__ to myself and never compromise my values to be friends with someone. Because with __15__ friends, I won't have to.
[篇章导读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在中学时期与朋友们的故事，以及对人际交往的感触。
1．A.interrupted B．mentioned
C．greeted D．recognized
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：正当我开始讲一个有趣的故事时，我的朋友Elizabeth打断了我。A.interrupted打断；B.mentioned提到；C.greeted打招呼；D.recognized认出。根据下文“‘Coco! Coco！’ she called out.”可知，Elizabeth喊了“Coco”，所以应该是打断了作者。故选A。
答案：A
2．A.incredible B．odd
C．risky D．relaxing
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太奇怪了，我想。A.incredible不可思议的；B.odd奇怪的；C.risky有风险的；D.relaxing舒服的。根据上文“‘Coco! Coco！’ she called out. Everyone laughed.”可知，Elizabeth喊了“Coco”，然后大家都笑了，作者应该会感觉很奇怪。故选B。
答案：B
3．A.knew B．admitted
C．recalled D．assumed
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为这是一个称呼可爱男孩的暗号。A.knew知道；B.admitted承认；C.recalled记起；D.assumed以为。根据上文“However, I never wanted to ask what ‘Coco’ meant.”可知，作者并不知道“Coco”实际的意思，所以应该是以为它是称呼可爱男孩的暗号。故选D。
答案：D
4．A.embarrassed B．guilty
C．lucky D．ready
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：能和她做朋友我感到很幸运。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.guilty有罪的；C.lucky幸运的；D.ready准备好的。根据上文“Elizabeth was one of the girls that everyone wanted to be friends with.”可知，每个人都想和Elizabeth做朋友，作者能和她做朋友应该会感到幸运。故选C。
答案：C
5．A.quit B．sighed
C．laughed D．complained
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来不会说别人的坏话，但为了合群，Elizabeth说这些话时我笑了笑。A.quit退出；B.sighed叹气；C.laughed大笑；D.complained抱怨。根据上文“but to fit in”可知，作者想要合群，所以Elizabeth说别人坏话的时候应该会笑一笑。故选C。
答案：C
6．A.mean B．annoying
C．unfair D．dishonest
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“Coco”的意思是Elizabeth觉得你很烦人。A.mean刻薄的；B.annoying烦人的；C.unfair不公平的；D.dishonest不诚实的。根据上文“I was talking to some friends while standing in line in the cafeteria at my middle school. As I started to share a funny story”可知，Elizabeth喊出“Coco”的时候，作者一直在说话，所以Elizabeth用“Coco”应该是觉得作者很烦人。故选B。
答案：B
7．A.believe B．afford
C．resist D．make
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我简直不敢相信。A.believe相信；B.afford负担得起；C.resist抵抗；D.make完成。根据上文“it was a code word for a cute boy”和“My eyes filled with tears.”可知，作者原来以为Elizabeth说的“Coco”表达友好的意思，而实际上是很伤人的意思，结果作者哭了，所以应该是不敢相信。故选A。
答案：A
8．A.ensuring B．suspecting
C．realizing D．praying
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，吃午饭的时候，我坐在Macy旁边，她和另外两个女孩坐在一起，她看起来总是很和蔼，我祈祷着她不知道“Coco”的意思。A.ensuring确保；B.suspecting怀疑；C.realizing实现；D.praying祈祷。根据下文“She knew.”可知，Macy知道Elizabeth对作者说“Coco”的事情，知道“Coco”背后的意思，所以此处表示作者祈祷她不知道。故选D。
答案：D
9．A.broke B．sank
C．softened D．melted
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心一沉。A.broke打破；B.sank沉没；C.softened软化；D.melted融化。根据上文“You know Elizabeth is mean, right？”可知，Macy直接挑明了Elizabeth的本性，让作者之前的想法落空了，所以应该是心一沉。故选B。
答案：B
10．A.expect B．deserve
C．intend D．refuse
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还没来得及回答，Macy就说：“你不应该被那样对待，其他人也不应该。”A.expect期望；B.deserve应受；C.intend打算；D.refuse拒绝。根据上文“You know Elizabeth is mean, right？”可知，Macy直接评价Elizabeth很刻薄，所以应该是为作者抱不平，认为作者不应该被Elizabeth那样对待。故选B。
答案：B
11．A.caution B．sympathy
C．delight D．regret
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我笑了笑，然后喜悦地和我的新朋友们交谈。A.caution谨慎；B.sympathy同情；C.delight喜悦；D.regret后悔。根据上文“I smiled and then talked to my new friends”可知，作者听到Macy的话很开心，把她们当作新朋友，所以应该是喜悦地交谈。故选C。
答案：C
12．A.figure out B．care about
C．count on D．escape from
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数青少年都在试图弄清楚他们是谁，他们想成为谁。A.figure out弄清楚；B.care about关心；C.count on依靠；D.escape from逃离。根据下文“who they are and who they want to be”和常识可推知，青少年一般处于迷惘的时期，会想弄清楚自己是谁、想成为谁。故选A。
答案：A
13．A.model B．inspiration
C．guarantee D．reminder
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“Coco”这个词将永远提醒我，我需要忠于自己，永远不要为了和别人做朋友而妥协自己的价值观。A.model模型；B.inspiration灵感；C.guarantee保证；D.reminder提醒。根据上文作者被喊“Coco”的经历，再结合下文“I need to stay __14__ to myself and never compromise my values to be friends with someone”可推知，这个经历应该是提醒着作者与他人做朋友的原则。故选D。
答案：D
14．A.critical B．superior
C．true D．immune
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.critical关键的；B.superior更好的；C.true忠实的；D.immune免疫的。根据下文“never compromise my values to be friends with someone”可知，作者认为不能为了和别人做朋友而妥协自己的价值观，所以应该是要忠于自己。故选C。
答案：C
15．A.new B．smart
C．imaginary D．right
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为有了正确的朋友，我不必这么做。A.new新的；B.smart聪明的；C.imaginary想象的；D.right正确的。根据上文作者交了Elizabeth这样错误的朋友的时候，需要妥协自己的价值观，而交到Macy这样正直的朋友的时候，能自由快乐地交谈可推知，此处表达和正确的朋友在一起的时候，不必妥协自己的价值观。故选D。
答案：D
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
原文 呈现
Stars after the storm
1 It's strange①， but I don't really remember② much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so quickly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off.【1】 All of a sudden③， there was sky where the roof had been【2】. I was so frightened④ that I just froze.
2 Mom cried to get out⑤ quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in seconds. We were going nowhere.
读文 清障
①strange/streInd /adj.奇怪的；陌生的
strangeness n．陌生；奇怪
②remember/rI'memb (r)/v.回想起；记起；想起
remember me to sb.代我问候某人
③all of a sudden突然地；出乎意料地
④frighten/'fraItn/v.使惊吓；使惊恐
frighten away吓跑；把……吓得躲开
⑤get out逃离；被迫离开；外出；退出；生产，发表，出版；勉强地说；泄露，为人所知
【1】本句为“Sb. be doing sth. when...”句型，意为“某人正在做某事，这时(突然)……”。句中with my cat... lap为with的复合结构，Smartie是my cat的同位语。
【2】where引导的定语从句，修饰sky且where在从句中作状语。
暴风雨后的星辰
1 很奇怪，但我对飓风本身不太记得了。一切发生得太快了。我正坐在我的房间里，我的猫，斯玛蒂，趴在我的大腿上，这时屋顶飞走了。忽然之间，屋顶所在的地方变成了天空。我吓坏了，都僵住了。
2 妈妈大喊着赶快出去，但那时已经太晚了。雨下得那么大，那么快。我们的街道几秒钟就变成了一条河。我们无处可去。
原文 呈现
3 At first, I was pleased we could stay at home【3】， but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous. There was water everywhere, but we couldn't drink any of it otherwise we'd get really sick. We just had drinking water that was sent to us by helicopter【4】， but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down⑥ the street and looking out for Smartie. He had disappeared⑦ the moment⑧ the storm hit.
读文 清障
⑥up and down上上下下；来来回回
⑦disappear/ dIs 'pI (r)/v.消失；不见；失踪；丢失
make sth. disappear使某物消失
⑧moment/'m m nt/n.片刻；瞬间；准确时刻；时机；机遇；时光；做某事的时刻
the moment 一……就……
a moment ago刚才
just a moment稍等
【3】宾语从句，引导词that省略。
【4】that引导的定语从句，修饰drinking water且that在从句中作主语。
3 一开始，我很高兴我们能待在家里，但很快情况就变得很艰难了。没有屋顶，待在里面太危险了。到处都是水，但我们不能喝，否则我们会真的生病。我们只能喝直升机送来的饮用水，但这绝不够。那是八月，天气极度炎热，到处都是难闻的味道！我花了几天的时间看着船在街上来回行驶，并且寻找斯玛蒂。暴风雨一来袭，他就不见了。
原文 呈现
4 Living in the open air⑨【5】， we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos. But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though. We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie. All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe. Mom's words made us feel better. I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars.【6】 Because there were no lights，we could see the Big Dipper，the Little Dipper and the Milky Way.It was amazing！Even though we had lost a lot，moments like those gave us hope for the future.
读文 清障
⑨in the open air在露天里，在室外
⑩even though即使；尽管；纵然
hope for盼望
【5】现在分词短语作状语，live in与we之间是主动关系。
【6】lying under the midnight sky和looking up at the stars是两个并列的动名词短语，在句中作动词remember的宾语。
4 我们住在露天环境下，成了蚊子的早餐、午餐和晚餐。但是妈妈说，不管发生什么，我们总是应该尽量看到事情好的一面。然而，要保持乐观是很困难的。我们失去了家和家里的一切，包括斯玛蒂。我们只剩下身上的衣服了。但就像妈妈一直提醒我们的那样，我们都在一起并且很安全。妈妈的话让我们感觉好多了。我记得我们都躺在夜空下仰望群星。因为没有灯光，我们可以看到北斗七星，小北斗七星和银河。太神奇了！尽管我们失去了很多，但那样的时刻给了我们对未来的希望。
原文 呈现
5 Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county. Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time . We were so happy to take him with us, although then, none of us knew that we wouldn't be back for quite a while【7】．
6 Now, one year has passed and I'm back home in New Orleans.Some families have yet to return，but many others have come back. Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster，we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on 【8】．
读文 清障
just in time正好；可好；分秒不差
none of没有一个
have yet to还没有
look up at仰望；抬头看，往上看
move on离开；继续前进；接着做其他事
【7】that引导的宾语从句作knew的宾语。
【8】此处是独立主格结构，在句中作状语；其中their beauty是inspiring和giving的逻辑主语。
5 虽然离我们获救只有几天时间，但感觉像过了几个月。我们被带到一个遥远的县的另一个城镇。谢天谢地，斯玛蒂及时回家了。我们很高兴带他一起，尽管那时，我们谁也不知道我们会很长时间回不来。
6 现在，一年过去了，我回到了新奥尔良的家。一些家庭尚未返回，但许多其他家庭已经返回。尽管我们被引起灾难回忆的事物所包围，但我们正在共同努力重建家园和恢复生活。现在我们又有机会仰望新奥尔良的群星了，它们的美丽鼓舞着我们，给了我们前进的信心。
基础 自测
Ⅰ.重点单词
基础词汇
1．billion num.十亿
2．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部
3．nowhere adv.什么地方都不，无处
4．otherwise adv.否则，要不然
5．mosquito n．蚊子
6．midnight n．子夜，午夜
7．county n．(美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡
8．threat n．威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)
9．property n．所有物，资产，财产
10．sufficient adj.足够的，充足的
11．shelter n．庇护，掩蔽
拓展词汇
12．survival n．幸存→survive v．幸存
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．have_yet_to 还没有
2．fly_off 飞出，飞走
3．get_out 离开；出去
4．turn_into 变成
5．at_first 起初；起先
6．go_up_and_down 上上下下，来来回回
7．look_out_for 留心；寻觅
8．try_to_do_sth. 努力/尽力做某事
9．keep_on_doing_sth. 继续做某事
10．in_time 及时
11．quite_a_while 有一阵子，相当长一段时间
12．stay_away_from 远离，不接近(共15张PPT)
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
单元归纳总结
2门世2有
3厚
