2025年中考英语二轮复习资料课件：动词的非谓语形式(共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
动词的非谓语形式
知识1 动词不定式
知识2 动词的-ing形式
知识3 动词的-ed形式(过去分词)
知识1　动词不定式 (重点)
一、动词不定式的构成
　　动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无意义,有时可以省
略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留了动词的特点,可
以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
句法功能 例句
作主语 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语是不容易的。
作宾语 I want to ask him a question. 我想问他一个问题。
He is learning to swim. 他在学习游泳。
作状语 He went to the library to borrow some books. 他去图书馆借了几本书。
I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。
作宾语补足语 She asked me to speak louder. 她要求我更大声地说话。
作定语 They have no house to live in. 他们无房子可住。
二、动词不定式的基本用法
　　动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
1.作主语。如:
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
动词不定式作主语时,通常用it作形式主语,真正的不定式主语则被后置。常用句式有:
⑴It+is+adj.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.。如:
It is important (for us) to learn English well.
(对于我们来说)学好英语很重要。
It is kind of you to help the old.
帮助老年人,你真是太好了!
⑵It takes sb.+一段时间+to do sth.。 如:
It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 每天步行上学花费我半个小时。
2.作宾语
⑴常用动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)有:afford, agree, want,would like,hope, decide, wish, try, learn,
expect, begin, help, offer, start, fail, plan, promise, refuse等。如:
She is hoping to win the gold medal.
她希望赢得金牌。
She agreed to let me go early. 她同意让我早走。
He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening.他决定星期六晚上去拜访这家人。
⑵当动词不定式作宾语,且后面带有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语,即动词不定式
放在宾语补足语之后。如:
I found it difficult to find a job in the city.我觉得在这座城市找份工作很难。
⑶动词不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等连用作宾语。如:
Nobody told us what to do next.
没人告诉我们接下来做什么。
I don't know where to go. 我不知道去哪里。
3.作状语
⑴作状语表示目的时,可放在句首或句尾。如:
To learn English well,you must study hard every day. 为了学好英语,你必须每天努力学习。
He came here to ask for his book.
他来这儿要回他的书。
⑵用作结果状语时,常与enough或too连用。如:
He is old enough to go to school.
他年龄足够大可以去上学。
He is too young to go to school.
他年龄太小了不能去上学。
4.作宾语补足语
⑴常见后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,encourage,expect,force,invite,order,
require,want,warn,teach等。如:
We had to ask him to leave. 我们不得不让他离开。
She was the first to encourage me to write.
她是第一个鼓励我写作的人。
Do your parents allow you to go to Jim's party
你的父母允许你去参加吉姆的派对吗
⑵在动词help后面作宾语补足语的不定式,可以带to,也可以不带to。如:
He often helps his parents (to) do housework on weekends. 他经常在周末帮助父母做家务。
巧学妙记
　　后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词记忆口诀:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让
(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice),半帮助(help)。
5.作定语
⑴动词不定式作定语时要后置。如:
I have some clothes to wash.
我有一些要洗的衣服。
⑵如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
如:
Please give me some paper to write on.
请给我一些纸来写。
I have no room to live in. 我没有房间住。
注意　如果动词不定式修饰time,place,way,不定式后面习惯上省略介词。
He has no place to live. 他没有地方住。
⑶something/anything/nothing+不定式。如:
I want something to drink. 我想要一些喝的东西。
三、动词不定式的否定形式
　　动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成。如:
Tell him not to be late.告诉他别迟到。
Please tell your child not to play in the street.
请告诉你的孩子不要在街上玩耍。
I'd advise you not to tell him. 我劝你别告诉他。
知识2　动词的-ing形式 (重点)
一、动词的-ing形式的构成
1.肯定式:在动词原形后面加-ing构成,写作doing。
2.否定式:由“not+动词的-ing形式”构成,写作not doing。
二、动词的-ing形式的基本用法
1.作主语
动词的-ing形式在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Swimming is good for health.游泳对健康有好处。
2.作宾语 (重点)
⑴在动词enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,suggest,imagine,consider等后面作宾语。
He practices speaking English every day.
他每天练习说英语。
⑵在介词of, to, for, after, by等后面作宾语。
Anne is used to living in this city.
安妮习惯生活在这座城市。
After winning the prize she became famous overnight. 她获奖后一夜成名。
Switch it on by pressing this button.
按下这个按钮启动它。
巧学妙记　后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)记忆口诀:
完成练习值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can't help,feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)
3.作定语
They found another hiding place.
他们找到了另外一个藏身之处。
They plan to build a highway leading into the mountains.他们计划修一条公路通往山区。
4.作表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.
他的业余爱好是集邮。
It was exciting to listen to the story of his adventures.听他的冒险故事很激动人心。
5.作状语
She was in the kitchen preparing supper.
她在厨房准备晚饭。
Travelling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.
我们坐吉普车旅行,参观了许多城市。
6.作宾语补足语
I see him passing my house every day.
我看见他天天从我家经过。
I can't imagine Grandma riding a motorbike.
我想象不出奶奶骑摩托车的样子。
三、部分动词后接不定式与动词的-ing形式的区别
1.
Stop to have a rest,please.请停下来休息会儿吧。
He stopped working.他停止了工作。
2.
Please remember to close the window when you leave the room.当你离开房间时,请记得关上窗户。
I remember closing the window when I left the room.我记得当我离开房间时,我关上了窗户。
3.
I forgot to bring my homework.
我忘记带作业了。(作业没带来)
I forgot bringing my homework.
我忘记已经把作业带来了。(作业带来了)
4.
I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样做,但是我没有选择。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.
我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。
5.
I meant to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。
Doing that means wasting time.
做那件事意味着浪费时间。
知识3　动词的-ed形式 (过去分词)
一、动词的-ed形式的用法
　　动词的-ed形式也叫过去分词,它除了可以与be一起构成被动语态,与have/has一起构成现在完成
时,还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。
1.作表语
We were delighted to receive your email.
收到你的邮件我们很高兴。
2.作定语
She had a pleased look on her face.
她脸上露出高兴的表情。
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现了一位穿绿衣服的年轻女子。
3.作宾语补足语
We all wished the problem settled.
我们都希望这个问题得到解决。
4.作状语
Mr. Brown, deeply moved, thanked him again and again.布朗先生深为感动,一再向他表示感谢。
二、动词的-ing形式与动词的-ed形式作定语和表语时的区别(重点)
1.作定语时,动词的-ing形式与被修饰词之间是主动关系,而动词的-ed形式与被修饰词之间是被动关
系。
a moving story 一个感人的故事
the moved people 被感动的人
2.作表语时,动词的-ing形式与主语之间是主动关系,而动词的-ed形式与主语之间是被动关系。
The job was interesting.这份工作很有趣。
He was interested in the job.他对这份工作感兴趣。
即时训练
单项选择
1.The villagers plan 　　　　 a new bridge over the river.
A.build　　B.building　　C.to build
2.Mr. White invited me 　　　　 the hill with him last weekend.
A.to climb　　B.climb　　C.climbing
3.It was really hard for people to imagine 　　　　 at home twenty years ago.
A.shop　　B.shopped　　C.shopping　　D.to shop
4.The twin brothers are busy 　　　　 artworks from ocean waste.
A.making 　B.make　 C.to make
C
A
C
A
5.The earth is in great danger now. We have to do something 　　　　 it.
A.protect 　　B.protecting　　　C.to protect
6.My parents have warned me 　　　　 my bike on busy main roads. It's too dangerous.
A.not ride　　B.not to ride
C.not riding　　D.to not ride
7.—Jack, remember 　　　　 off the lights when you leave your bedroom.
—OK, I will.
A.turned　　B.turn　　C.turning　　D.to turn
C
B
D
单项填空
8.Would you mind 　　　　　 (close) the window
9.The book 　　　　　 (write) by Mo Yan is easy to read.
10.Some clothes will be given to the poor and the others will be sent to factories for 　　　　
(recycle).
11.There is a bird 　　　　　 (stand) on one leg.
12.Smartphones 　　　　 (make) by HUAWEI are getting more and more popular around the world.
closing
written
recycling
standing
made