UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
主题语境：人与自然——宇宙探索
Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man's desire to understand.
—Neil Armstrong
神秘感激发好奇心，而好奇心则是人们探索未知事物的前提。
——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗
加黑词汇为话题词汇，阅读时加以体会。
Living in space is every would－be astronaut's dream. My six－month stay on a space station has come to an end, and it has been a challenging but magical adventure. I bet you'd love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!
The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep. Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around. We usually sleep in private quarters, which are more like large cupboards, or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling. It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more. After about eight hours of sleep, we start our day of work.
The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. Our main mission is to conduct scientific research. We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants. Creatures such as mice, fish and mosquitoes have also been sent to the station! In a low－gravity environment, we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope.
(节选自译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)
学有 所得
1．词海拾贝
(1)definitely adv.肯定；确实
(2)apparent adj.显而易见；显然
(3)demanding adj.要求高的
(4)evaluate vt.评价；评估
2．阅读思考
(1)What makes ordinary things strange
The low gravity.
(2)Why do astronauts have to attach themselves while sleeping
Due to the near absence of gravity in space.
3．佳句欣赏
(1)Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around.(so that引导目的状语从句)
翻译：由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们必须固定住自己，这样我们才不会四处飘浮。
(2)It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.(It作形式主语)
翻译：试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking
基础 记忆
项目一 必会单词
1．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人
2．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续
3．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上→mentality n．心态；思想状况；思想方法
4．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligently adv.有智慧地；聪明地→intelligence n．智力；才智；智慧
后缀 ent形容词与 ence名词大集合
silent 沉默的→silence 沉默
different 不同的→difference 差异
patient 有耐心的→patience 耐心
confident 自信的→confidence 信心
evident 明显的→evidence 证据
intelligent 聪明的→intelligence 才智
independent 独立的→independence 独立
项目二 必记短语
1．make a list of 列出……的清单
2．be curious about 对……好奇
3．graduate from 毕业于
4．at the age of 在……岁时
5．less than 少于
6．first of all 首先
7．say to oneself自言自语
“be＋adj.＋about”短语小结
be anxious about 对……担心/焦虑
be cautious about 对……谨慎
be particular about 对……挑剔
be crazy about 对……疯狂
be nervous about 对……紧张
项目三 教材原句
Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training.
宇航员不仅要学习如何使用太空设备，还要进行大量的心理和体能训练。
延伸 学习
Ⅰ.语音知识
英语句子的重读和弱读
一、什么是句子重音？
我们在朗读英语或用英语交谈时，并不是句子中的每个词都读得一样响亮、清楚，而是有些词读得或说得又轻又快，而且较为含糊；有些词则读得或说得又重又慢，而且较为清晰。那些读得或说得重而响亮、清晰的词就是句子重音所在。
二、什么是句子重音的功能？
1．体现句子的节奏感和韵律感。
2．突出重点，使听者更容易理解。
三、哪些词在句子中需重读？
1．一般来说，在句子中需重读的词都是实词，比如，名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词等。不重读的多为虚词，比如，冠词、连词、介词、感叹词等。
如：The streets are wide and clean.
这句话中的 streets是名词，wide和clean是形容词，它们都要重读； The，are，and不重读。
2．有时候虚词也要重读，以下几点需注意：
(1)强调或突出某个虚词或be动词时，应将其重读。
如：We saw him playing by the river.
这句话中的We和him一般不重读，但为了表示强调也可以重读。比如，如果We重读，则强调是“我们”看见而不是别人看见。
(2)介词在句首时往往要重读。
如：On my way to school, my bike was broken.
这句话中的On在句首应重读。
(3)be动词及助动词和not结合时要重读。
如：I'm sorry I can't do that.
这句话中的can't要重读。
Didn't I tell you yesterday
这句话中的Didn't要重读。
(4)句子末尾的be动词和助动词一般要重读。
如：—Are you a student
—Yes, I am.
这里的am要重读。
注意：上文刚出现过的并且重读的单词，第二次提到时一般不再重读。
如：—How many boys are there in the room
—There are twenty boys in it.
问句中的boys要重读，但答语中的boys不重读。
Ⅱ.话题词汇
1．benefit from China's space programme 从中国的太空项目中获益
2．become the first Chinese astronaut 成为中国第一位宇航员
3．receive mental and physical training 接受心理和体能训练
4．in the field of science 在科学领域
5．improve the quality of life 提高生活质量
Ⅲ.听说词句
翻译词块
1．make our life more comfortable and convenient使我们的生活更加舒适、方便
2．be curious about astronauts' life in space对宇航员在太空的生活感到好奇
3．with the development of aerospace science and technology随着航空航天科技的发展
4．one of the most exciting tours最令人兴奋的旅行之一
完成句子
1．I was there for a two weeks'/two－week conference on space technology.
我在那里参加了—个为期两周的有关航天技术的会议。
2．Besides, astronauts have to go through lots of mental and physical training.
而且，宇航员必须参加很多心理和体能训练。
3．That's because there is no air to breathe and it can be cool sometimes.
那是因为没有可呼吸的空气而且有时会很冷。
4．You are the first female astronaut to go into space outside the spacecraft.
你是第一个进入宇宙飞船外太空的女宇航员。
5．I particularly want to know how astronauts sleep in space.
我特别想知道宇航员在太空中是如何睡觉的。
词汇 精讲
1．curious adj.好奇的
[教材原句] The audience is curious about how Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut. 观众很好奇杨利伟是如何成为第一位中国宇航员的。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)curiosity n．好奇；好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
from/out of curiosity 出于好奇
(3)curiously adv.好奇
[佳句背诵]
I am curious about new things, and often wish I could learn more.
我对新事物总是很好奇，常常希望自己能学到更多东西。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①The astronaut has to explain the reasons to satisfy his curiosity(curious)．
②Suddenly the girl quieted down and curiously(curious) began looking all around.
③I'm curious to know(know) what he has bought for my birthday.
④I'm curious about the book she's supposed to be writing.
2．graduate vi.毕业 n．大学毕业生
[教材原句] Yang Liwei graduated from college at the age of... 杨利伟于……岁大学毕业。
[归纳拓展]
(1)graduate from... 毕业于……(学校)
graduate in... 毕业于……(专业)
(2)graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼
after graduation 毕业之后
(3)a graduate student 研究生
a science graduate 理学
[佳句背诵]
After graduating from college，we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.
大学毕业后，我们终于有机会进行自行车旅行了。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①My son hopes to graduate in law, so as to become a lawyer.
完成句子
②It is three years since he graduated from Wuhan University.
他从武汉大学毕业已经三年了。
3．related adj.相关的；有关联的
[教材原句] Number questions are typically related to: time, telephone numbers, addresses, prices, weights, distances, etc. 数字问题通常与时间、电话号码、地址、价格、体重、距离等有关。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be related to与……有关
(2)relative n．亲戚；亲属 adj.相对的；相关的
(be) relative to... 和……成比例；和……有关
(3)relation n．关系
in relation to... 和……有关
(4)relatively adv.相对
[佳句背诵]
①These questions are closely related.
这些问题密切相关。
②He loves his friends and relatives.
他爱他的亲友。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Do relatives(relative) of yours still live in Siberia
②Relative to the size, the city is sparsely populated.
③Relatively(relative) speaking, it's a cold day today.
④Everyone who is related to the accident will be questioned after work.
4．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
[教材原句] First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 首先，你必须足够聪明才能获得相关的大学学位。
[归纳拓展]
(1)intelligent software/system智能软件/系统
(2)intelligence n．智力；才智；智慧
a person of high/low intelligence智力高/低的人
artificial intelligence人工智能
(3)intelligently adv.聪明
[佳句背诵]
①He is a high intelligent child.
他是个非常聪明的孩子。
②[2023·浙江1月卷]And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
这就是为什么，无论项目辩论者看起来多么令人惊讶，始于苏格拉底和孔子的传统不会以人工智能结束。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①All children are born with equal intelligence.
孩子生来就有同等的智力。
②The boy is so intelligent that he can solve the mathematical problem.
这个男孩如此聪明，以至于他能解出这道数学题。
③Susan is a woman of high intelligence, who knows her own mind.
苏珊是一个非常聪明的女人，她有自己的想法。
句式 精析
Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training.[教材原句]
宇航员不仅要学习如何使用太空设备，还要进行大量的心理和体能训练。
[句式分析]
how to use space equipment是“疑问词＋动词不定式短语”结构，作learn的宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。该结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。
[归纳拓展]
“疑问词＋不定式”用法的四个注意事项：
(1)该结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语；
(2)疑问词：who，what，when，where，how等；
(3)作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式；
(4)这种结构常用在动词(短语)tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss，find out等后作宾语。
[佳句背诵]
Could you suggest someone to advise me how to do this
这该怎么办？你能不能推荐一个人帮我出个主意？
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①We have not decided when and where to go on an outing.
我们尚未确定何时何地去郊游。
②When to go out for a picnic has not been decided.
什么时候外出野餐还没有定下来。
③I don't know whether to accept his invitation or not.
我不知道是否要接受他的邀请。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Being determined and intelligent(聪明的) boys, they succeeded in making popcorn finally.
2．There is no doubt that taking exercise is good for mental(智力的) development.
3．We have worked out a new set of procedures(程序) for using this machine.
4．An astronaut(宇航员) delivered a speech in our school last week.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．When the boys graduated from high school, their family moved to a small town in Vermont.
2．The car is less than a year old, so it is still under guarantee.
3．We all know that children are curious about the things around them.
4．First of all, let me tell you the news.
5．Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．People can calculate on computers to solve all kinds of problems such as exploring the moon.
人们可以在计算机上计算解决各种问题，比如探月。
2．I'm curious to know what has happened to him.
我很好奇他发生了什么事情。
3．He is strong, brave, and above all honest.
他坚强、勇敢，最重要的是诚实。
4．Wealth is seldom related to happiness.
财富很少与幸福相关。
5．No one could tell me where to buy the interesting book.
没有人能告诉我在哪儿能买到这本有趣的书。
6．He was confident enough to finish the job well.
他足够自信能把工作做好。
课时作业(十三) Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking &
Listening and Talking
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A child's intelligence(intelligent)develops rapidly between the ages of four and five.
2．He is a mentally(mental) strong and independent boy.
3．With graduation(graduate) around the corner, I am writing to express my gratitude.
4．It is children's nature to be curious about the people and things around them.
5．It has passed through an interesting procedure(procedural) of evolution.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Three days before the Christmas in 1968, Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders had adventured out to the moon, becoming the first human beings to orbit our closest neighbour in the space. On the Christmas Eve, they pointed a TV camera out of the window of Apollo 8 and showed a global audience of 1 billion the ancient moon moving slowly below their spaceship. As that movie played, Anders began reading, “In the beginning, the Deity created the heaven and the earth...”
“I didn't choose it，” he said，when all three astronauts met to mark the 50th anniversary(周年) of their moon flight，at Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry, where their spaceship is displayed.
When the three men returned to earth on December 27, they were surrounded by a sea of joy. That kind of collective(集体的) joy—born of collective effort—can seem beyond us now. From the factory floor to the three men in the spaceship, an estimated(估计) 400,000 people had a hand in making the moon flight possible. Behind the joy there was also a dark danger Apollo 8 might face. If the astronauts made it into the moon orbit but their engine failed to fire when it was time to return, rescue would be impossible. They would circle the moon forever. But the astronauts did come home, and in the process they gave the world another gift: the celebrated photograph that came to be known as Earthrise.
Even fifty years later, Borman and Lovell continued to play jokes on Anders, 85 then.
“I'm still trying to figure out who did it，” said Borman, with a wink(眨眼睛)．
“You did it, I think，” Lovell answered.
“Bill did it，” Borman admitted.
“He didn't want me to take it at first，” Anders said.
“I have never said it before publicly，” said Borman, “but I'm just proud that I was able to fly with these two talented guys. You did a really good job.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了1968年圣诞节前三天，Frank Borman, Jim Lovell和Bill Anders成为第一组围绕月球轨道飞行的人类。在这个过程中，他们还给了世界另一份礼物：一张著名的照片《地出》。
1．Why did the men point a camera out of the window of Apollo 8
A．To show the moon to the world.
B．To read some sentences to the audience.
C．To do some research into the ancient moon.
D．To record what they were doing in the spacecraft.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，他们把一台照相机伸出Apollo 8的窗外，是为了向世界展示月球，故选A。
答案：A
2．What danger might the Apollo 8 astronauts face
A．Their engine might explode in the orbit.
B．They wouldn't land on the moon successfully.
C．They might have no chance to return to the earth.
D．Their spaceship might catch fire in the returning journey.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If the astronauts made it into...They would circle the moon forever.”可推断出，Apollo 8宇航员面临的危险是他们可能没有机会返回地球，故选C。
答案：C
3．How old was Bill Anders when he orbited the moon
A．27. B．30. C．35. D．50.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Even fifty years later, Borman and Lovell continued to play jokes on Anders, 85 then.”可推断出，Bill Anders绕月飞行时的年龄是：85－50＝35，故选C。
答案：C
4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A．The flight. B．The earth.
C．The reading. D．The picture.
解析：代词指代题。根据第三段最后一句及倒数第二段内容可推断出，it指代的是上文的照片，故选D。
答案：D
Ⅲ.完形填空
Eleven years ago, it seemed as if the world came to an end. My husband was diagnosed with terminal cancer. Over the 1 of seven months, Bill went from beating me silly at tennis to needing my help to go to the bathroom.
It was the best seven months of my life. Maybe I don't actually 2 that. But it was certainly the time when I felt most 3 . During those seven months, I came to 4 that nothing would 5 more than my husband. I discovered that the minor complaint of an annoying co－worker, or a flat tire pales in 6 with the beauty of sincere laughter, the smell of a bakery. There were moments of 7 ， laughter, and tenderness in every day. I found I could train myself to see beauty 8 bother.
In the days after Bill's diagnosis and brain surgery, being his caregiver also meant being fully 9 as much as possible. During his last weekend, when we had dinner together a relative visited. I 10 that she'd changed her appearance, and not in a good way. It was the kind of thought I'd usually keep to 11 . Just then, Bill voiced 12 what I'd been thinking, in that truthful way he had, and I found myself 13 out loud. I thought I could live with this man forever, but he 14 in four days.
I am a better person for having been Bill's caregiver. It was his last, best 15 to me.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的丈夫患了癌症。在照顾丈夫的七个月里，作者受益颇多，感触很深。
1．A.routine B．course
C．event D．basis
解析：考查名词词义辨析。routine常规；course过程，课程；event事件；basis基础。在七个月的过程中，Bill经历了从轻松地在网球中获胜到需要“我”的帮助才能去洗手间的过程。over the course of “在……过程中”是固定搭配。故选B项。
答案：B
2．A.believe B．mean
C．think D．decide
解析：考查动词词义辨析。believe相信；mean意味着，意思是；think认为；decide决定。这是“我”生命中最好的七个月。也许“我”不是那个意思。但那是“我”感到最有生气的时候。故选B项。
答案：B
3．A.alive B．awake
C．afraid D．alone
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。alive有生气的，活的；awake醒着的；afraid害怕的；alone单独的。根据前文中的“It was the best seven months”可知，作者认为这是自己人生中最好的七个月。故该空应该选一个褒义词。故选A项。
答案：A
4．A.hope B．admit
C．understand D．accept
解析：考查动词词义辨析。hope希望；admit承认；understand理解；accept 接受。“我”逐渐地明白了这一点：没有什么比“我”的丈夫更重要。故选C项。
答案：C
5．A.matter B．differ
C．suffer D．help
解析：考查动词词义辨析。matter重要，要紧；differ不同；suffer受苦；help帮助。根据第二段第一句，作者认为这是自己人生中最好的七个月，可见，丈夫在作者心里很重要，没有什么比她的丈夫更重要。故选A项。
答案：A
6．A.conflict B．comparison
C．conversation D．touch
解析：考查名词词义辨析。conflict冲突；comparison比较；conversation谈话；touch接触。“我”发现，与真诚的笑声、烘焙店的气味相比，同事的小抱怨，或者是一个瘪了的轮胎都相形见绌。in comparison with意为“和……相比”。故选B项。
答案：B
7．A.sadness B．fear
C．panic D．joy
解析：考查名词词义辨析。sadness悲伤；fear恐惧，害怕；panic惊慌；joy高兴。该空和laughter，tenderness并列，应该都指好的事物，每天生活中都有高兴、大笑、温柔的时刻。故选D项。
答案：D
8．A.other than B．rather than
C．more than D．less than
解析：考查短语辨析。other than除了；rather than而不是；more than超过，不仅；less than少于。上文提到，作者明白了生活中有美好的时刻。所以，她发现自己能够训练自己看到生活中的美而不是烦恼。故选B项。
答案：B
9．A.responsible B．absent
C．present D．impossible
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。responsible负责任的；absent缺席的；present出席的，在场的；impossible不可能的。在Bill确诊和脑部手术后的几天里，作为他的护理者意味着尽可能多的陪伴他。陪伴丈夫，即要在他身边，在场。故选C项。
答案：C
10．A.felt B．watched
C．noticed D．informed
解析：考查动词词义辨析。feel感觉到；watch观看，注视；notice注意到；inform通知，告知。亲戚的外表发生了变化，作者很容易“注意到”这一点。故选C项。
答案：C
11．A.himself B．myself
C．herself D．ourselves
解析：考查反身代词词义辨析。himself他自己；myself我自己；herself她自己；ourselves我们自己。根据后文中“Bill voiced 12 what I'd been thinking”可知，丈夫Bill说出了作者的想法。由此推知，作者一直将这种想法藏在自己心中，没有说出来。故选B项。
答案：B
12．A.completely B．exactly
C．partly D．accurately
解析：考查副词词义辨析。completely完全地；exactly确切地，正好；partly部分地；accurately精确地。丈夫Bill恰恰把作者的想法说了出来。exactly表强调。故选B项。
答案：B
13．A.laughing B．shouting
C．screaming D．calling
解析：考查动词词义辨析。laugh大笑；shout喊，叫；scream尖叫；call称呼。作者认为亲戚的外表变化很糟糕，但是作者没有说出来，而作者丈夫把作者的想法很诚实地说了出来，作者感到很有趣，不禁笑了起来。故选A项。
答案：A
14．A.died away B．got away
C．went away D．passed away
解析：考查动词短语辨析。die away逐渐消失；get away离开，脱身；go away离开，外出；pass away去世。根据but转折可以推知，作者原以为自己可以永远地和丈夫生活在一起，但是他四天之后去世了。故选D项。
答案：D
15．A.gift B．experience
C．lesson D．subject
解析：考查名词词义辨析。gift礼物；experience经历，经验；lesson课，教训；subject科目。作者在照顾丈夫的七个月里受益颇多。由此推知，做丈夫的护理成了他给“我”的最后最好的礼物。故选A项。
答案：A
Ⅳ.语法填空
The number of international students 1. search of higher education in China has been increasing in the past ten years. Many foreign students choose Wuhan University in Hubei Province to live up to their expectations. For the exposure to 2. (it) academic and social environment brings them long－lasting benefits.
Goh Qian Xuan from Singapore 3. (select) to be president of the Wuhan University Singaporean Student Association and the Chinese Language and Literature Student Union during her four years of studying in Wuhan, 4. gave her the chance to work 5. (close) with students from other countries. “I didn't come to Wuhan just 6. (get) good grades，” Goh says. “Being part of the local student communities and seeing 7. things are done have really helped me to better understand Chinese people and China.”
Students can participate in various activities in the university. Goh says she felt 8. (little) like a foreign student only after a year in the student union. “The environment is truly good for Chinese studies，” she says. “The four 9. (amaze) years I spent in Wuhan has helped to build a strong foundation for my life and career. This experience has proved many of my former ideas wrong as I now understand the main reasons behind the Chinese ways to deal with certain 10. (matter)．”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章结合真人真事讲述了在过去的十年里到中国留学的国际学生不断增加的趋势及留学生的切身感受。
1．解析：考查固定短语。in search of意为“寻求”。
答案：in
2．解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作定语修饰environment，故填形容词性物主代词its。its academic and social environment意为“它的学术和社会环境”。
答案：its
3．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。select意为“选择”，和主语Goh Qian Xuan是被动关系，根据第三段第四句可知，Goh Qian Xuan现在已经离开武汉大学，故当选武汉大学新加坡学生联合会及汉语言文学学生会主席职务的动作未延续到现在，应用一般过去时，主语是一个人，谓语动词用单数。
答案：was selected
4．解析：考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句的内容，且从句中缺少主语，故填which。
答案：which
5．解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词work，应用副词，closely意为“密切地”。
答案：closely
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，get在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且表目的，应用不定式，故填to get。
答案：to get
7．解析：考查宾语从句。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示如何，故填how。
答案：how
8．解析：考查副词的比较级。less是little的比较级，此处意为“不那么……”。
答案：less
9．解析：考查词性转换。amazing意为“令人惊奇的，令人惊喜的”，修饰名词years。
答案：amazing
10．解析：考查名词的数。matter意为“事情”时是可数名词，空前无冠词，故应用复数形式。certain matters意为“某些事情”。
答案：matters
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习课文见本书357页SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER
基础 记忆
项目一 必会单词
Ⅰ.单词匹配
1．rocket A．人造卫星；卫星
2．vehicle B．玉；翡翠；玉器
3．leap C．人类
4．satellite D．火箭；火箭弹
5．jade E．交通工具；车辆
6．mankind F．跳跃；剧增；剧变；跳过；跃过
答案：1.D 2.E 3.F 4.A 5.B 6.C
Ⅱ.核心单词
1．gravity n．重力；引力
2．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区
3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的
4．determine vt.查明；决定；确定；决心(做某事)→determined adj.意志坚定的；有决心的→determination n．坚定；决定；决心；查明
5．launch vt.&n.发射；发起；上市
6．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
7．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处→agent n．代理人；经纪人
8．transmit vi.&vt.传输；发送
9．data n．[pl.]数据；资料
10．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望；使破灭；使落空→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望
11．desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.渴望；期望；想要→desirable adj.向往的；可取的；值得拥有的
12．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independence n．独立；自主→dependence n．依赖；依靠→depend vi.依赖；依靠
13．signal vi.&vt.标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志
1．动词＋ ed变形容词(有的动词需稍加变化)
devote→devoted 忠实的
absorb→absorbed 专心的；聚精会神的
organize→organized 有组织的
suppose→supposed 应该的
accustom→accustomed 习惯的
2．与“太空”有关的高频单词集锦
astronomy n．天文学
astronaut n．宇航员；太空人
satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
universe n．宇宙；天地万物
launch vt.发射；发起；上市
spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船
3．动词＋ ed/ ing变形容词(有的动词需稍加变化)
frighten→frightened 害怕的→frightening 令人害怕的
surprise→surprised 吃惊的→surprising 令人吃惊的
disappoint→disappointed 失望的→disappointing 令人失望的
bore→bored 厌烦的→boring 令人厌烦的
tire→tired 疲劳的→tiring 令人疲劳的
excite→excited 兴奋的→exciting 令人兴奋的
Ⅲ.英英互译
1．Procedure A.a thing that is used for transporting people or goods from one place to another, such as a car
2．intelligent B．continuing to exist or develop
3．vehicle C．to send an electronic signal, radio or television broadcast，
etc.
4．launch D．a way of doing sth., especially the usual or correct way
5．transmit E．to make a movement or sound to give sb. a message, an order, etc.
6．ongoing F．good at learning, understanding and thinking in a logical way about things
7．signal G．to start an activity, especially an organised one
答案：1.D 2.F 3.A 4.G 5.C 6.B 7.E
Ⅳ.一词多义
board
1.I am writing to apply for the position advertised on the board.C
2．We have launched a campaign to urge the board to raise the workers' pay and conditions.D
3．When his family fell on hard times, he was offered free room and board.A
4．All the passengers must board the plane before 5 p．m.B
Ⅴ.熟词生义
1．Many companies consider the Internet as a new vehicle for advertising.n.手段
2．I don't think you realise the gravity of the current situation.n.严重性
项目二 必记短语
1．carry on 继续做，坚持干
2．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
4．so as to do sth. 为了；以便
5．succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
6．focus on 集中注意力于……
7．lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向……
8．make great progress 取得很大进步
9．in a short time 短时间内
“专心于；致力于”的多种表达
be addicted to
be absorbed in
be devoted to
be lost in
focus on
concentrate on
be engaged in
项目三 教材原句
1．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
后来，苏联集中精力把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2．However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.
然而，虽然这些灾难带来许多悲伤和失望，但(人类)探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。
3．China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号宇宙飞船成功绕地球运行，使中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。
课文 理解
Ⅰ.匹配段落大意
Para. 1 A．What people achieved in the past years.
Para. 2 B．Why people don't stop exploring space despite risks.
Para. 3 C．The future exploration in space.
Para. 4 D．Human beings always want to explore space.
Para. 5 E．The achievement which China has made.
答案：Para.1—D Para.2—A Para.3—B Para.4—E Para.5—C
Ⅱ.阅读课文选最佳选项
1．Which satellite was launched by the USSR in 1957
A．Shenzhou 5.
B．The Sputnik 1.
C．Voyager 1.
D．The USSR's Soyuz 11.
答案：B
2．Who was the first person in the world to go into space
A．Yang Liwei. B．Neil Armstrong.
C．Yuri Gagarin. D．Liu Yang.
答案：C
3．Who was the first man to orbit Earth in Shenzhou 5 spacecraft
A．Yang Liwei. B．Zhai Zhigang.
C．Fei Junlong. D．Jing Haipeng.
答案：A
4．In which satellites did all the astronauts die during their missions
A．Soyuz 11 and Challenger.
B．Chang'e 4 and Jade Rabbit.
C．Challenger and Voyager 1.
D．Shenzhou 5 and Shenzhou 6.
答案：A
5．What's the attitude to the space exploration according to the author
A．Supportive. B．Neutral.
C．Objective. D．Negative.
答案：A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. Before the mid 20th century, most people felt 1.travelling(travel) into space was only a dream. However, 2.with the help of scientists, people succeeded in realising their dream 3.to explore(explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite 4.was launched(launch) by the USSR. 5.Although/Though scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. While such disasters brought much sadness and 6.disappointment(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to 7.independently(independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed 8.a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars. It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of 9.valuable(value) information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable 10.discoveries(discovery) that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
Ⅳ.佳句练习
1．找出心理描写的句子并翻译
However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.
翻译：然而，虽然这些灾难带来许多悲伤和失望，但(人类)探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。
2．完成下列佳句并背诵
①...on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.(不定式短语作后置定语)
……1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
②However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.(while引导让步状语从句)
然而，虽然这些灾难带来许多悲伤和失望，但(人类)探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。
Ⅴ.解读——长句难句分析
1．Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.
[句式分析] 此句是并列复合句。and为并列连词；在第二个分句中，that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
[自主翻译] 太空探索已经取得了很大的进步，我们现在希望发现能够维持生命的其他行星。
2．After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity.
[句式分析] 此句是复合句。that引导定语从句，为关系代词，在从句中作主语。
[自主翻译] 无数次实验之后，他们终于成功研制出能够摆脱地心引力的火箭。
3．China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
[句式分析] 此句是复合句。when引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的in 2003这一先行词作解释说明，when在从句中作时间状语。
[自主翻译] 2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号宇宙飞船成功绕地球运行，使中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。
4．Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
[句式分析] 此句是复合句。that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语；Despite为介词，意为“尽管，不管，不顾”，＝in spite of/regardless of。
[自主翻译] 尽管困难重重，科学家们希望能做出更多有价值的发现，能让人类延续生存，直到未来。
词汇 精讲
1．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
[教材原句] However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. 然而，科学家们决心实现这个梦想。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事(表状态)
(2)determine vt.&vi.查明；确定；决定；决心(做某事)
determine to do sth.决心做某事(表动作)
determine on (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
determine sb. to do sth. 使某人决心做某事
determine what/who/how/where/that... 确定……
(3)determination n．决定；决心；决定；查明
with determination 坚决地；果断
[佳句背诵]
It was from that moment that he determined to succeed.
从那一刻起，他决心要获得成功。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①They have determined(determine) where the new school will be built.
②Determined(determine) to look after his parents well, he moved to live with them.
③No matter what happens，she has determined to tell(tell) the truth.
④He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination(determine)．
完成句子
⑤Inspired by her spirit, I am determined to be a person like her.
被她的精神鼓舞，我决定成为像她那样的人。
2．succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任
[教材原句] After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity. 经过多次试验，他们成功地制造出可以摆脱地球引力的火箭。
[归纳拓展]
(1)succeed in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事
succeed to sth. 继承……
succeed sb. as 接替某人成为……
(2)successful adj.成功的
successfully adv.成功地
be successful in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事
(3)success n．[U]成功；成就；[C]成功的人或事物
[佳句背诵]
With the assistance of their father, the twins succeeded in making the delicious Mother's Day breakfast. The breakfast was such a success that their mother enjoyed it with a bright smile shining on her face.
在他们父亲的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功地做了一顿美味的母亲节早餐。早餐是如此成功，他们的母亲面带微笑地享用了早餐。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①We all succeeded in passing(pass) the midterm examination.
②Finally, I wish this year's English speech competition a great success(succeed)．
③He succeeded his father as president of the company.
④They successfully(succeed) found some dinosaur eggs in an ice cave.
3．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
[教材原句] And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board.国际空间站(1998年)搭载着来自不同国家的宇航员，为人类在太空持续驻留提供支持。
[归纳拓展]
(1)board n．板；告示牌；董事会；伙食 v．登船(车、飞机等)
go on board 上船；上火车；上飞机
(2)aboard adv./prep.在船(车、飞机)上；上船(车、飞机)
go aboard 上(船/火车/飞机)
[佳句背诵]
On board the ship, you will be well taken care of.
你在船上会受到很好的照顾。
[巧学活用]
一句多译
半年前，谢蕾告别她在中国的家人和朋友，登上了前往伦敦的飞机。
①Six months ago, Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded a plane for London.
②Six months ago, Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and went on board a plane for London.
③Six months ago, Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and went aboard a plane for London.
完成句子
④Did you pay for room and board
你付过食宿费了吗？
⑤Your plane is now boarding at Gate 7.
您乘坐的航班正在7号登机口登机。
⑥He has recently joined the board of the company.
他最近加入了该公司的董事会。
4．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向……
[教材原句] If there is a mistake during the launch, it can lead to an accident that kills everyone on board. 如果在发射过程中出现错误，这可能会导致事故，造成宇宙飞船上所有人死亡。
[归纳拓展]
lead/live a(n)．.. life 过……样的生活
lead... to/into... 把……领到/领进……
lead the way 引路；带路
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead sb. in doing sth. 领导某人做某
[佳句背诵]
Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过多的工作和过少的休息常会引起疾病。
lead to中的to为介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught(catch)．
②What was it that led you to leave(leave) America for China
完成句子
③His laziness led to his failing in the last exam.
他的懒惰使他期末考试不及格。
5．so as to (do sth.) 为了；以便
[教材原句] Despite the huge risks though，people will always continue to explore this final frontier so as to learn its secrets. 尽管有巨大的风险，人们还是会一直继续探索这个最后的边境，以了解它的秘密。
[易混辨析]
(1)so as to 常放在句中，一般不放在句首；引导目的状语(否定形式：so as not to)。
(2)in order to 可置于句中或句首，引导目的状语，意为：为了，以便(否定形式：in order not to)。
(3)in order that 引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/might等。
(4)so that 引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/might等。引导结果状语从句，从句中不用情态动词。
(5)so... as to 引导结果状语，意为：如此……以至于……(否定形式：so... as not to)。
so as to/in order to后跟不定式短语，而so that/in order that后跟从句。
[佳句背诵]
He packed the box carefully so as not to break the delicate vase inside.
他小心翼翼地包装那个盒子，生怕打碎了里面精美的花瓶。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①I desire to join the PLA so as to protect and serve our country.
我渴望加入中国人民解放军，保护我们的祖国，为祖国服务。
②During the current epidemic, we all need to wear masks and keep a social distance so as not to affect others.
为了不影响他人，疫情期间，我们都要戴口罩并保持社交距离。
③Would you be so kind as to do me a favor, please
你会好心帮我一个忙，对吗？
6．disappointment n．失望；沮丧
[教材原句] However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.然而，虽然这些灾难带来许多悲伤和失望，但(人类)探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。
[归纳拓展]
(1)to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
in disappointment 失望地
(2)disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
be disappointed at/about 对……失望
be disappointed in/with sb. 对某人失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事失望
be disappointed that... 对……失望
(3)disappoint vt.使失望；使破灭；使落空
disappoint sb. 使某人失望
disappoint a hope/plan 使希望/计划落空
(4)disappointing adj.令人失望的
[佳句背诵]
Slowly, Eddie pushed his bike to the finish line. Tears of disappointment filled his eyes.
艾迪慢慢地把自行车推到终点线。他的眼睛里充满了失望的泪水。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Our teacher told us that she was rather disappointed at the disappointing result of the test.(disappoint)
②As the twins looked around them in disappointment(disappoint), their father appeared.
完成句子
③He was disappointed to find that there was a sign on the outer door reading, “No Entry”．
他失望地发现外门上有一块牌子，上面写着“禁止进入”。
④To my disappointment, the computer I received isn't the one I ordered.
令我失望的是，我收到的电脑不是我订购的那一台。
7．desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.渴望；期望；想要
[教材原句] However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.然而，虽然这些灾难带来许多悲伤和失望，但(人类)探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。
[归纳拓展]
(1)have a (strong) desire to do sth. (迫切)想要做某事
have a (strong) desire for sth. (急于)想得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that... (should) do sth. 渴望……
(3)desirable adj.想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
desired adj.渴望的；想得到
[佳句背诵]
“Take a view” is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Take a view是来自英国各地甚至世界各地的摄影师每年都想参加的竞赛。
desire 不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。另外，含 desire 的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①We always desire to live(live) in peace with all the other countries in the world.
②The people trapped in the ruins desired that rescue teams (should) be sent(send) here without delay.
③With such a burning desire for something new to happen, Harry turned a deaf ear to his wife's kind reminding.
④[2023·全国甲卷]Bangkok is a highly desired(desire) destination for food lovers.
8．carry on 继续做，坚持干
[教材原句] This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为人们坚信进行太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
[归纳拓展]
carry on (doing) sth. 继续(做)某事；开展某事
carry on with sth. 继续进行某事；开展某事
carry out 实施；执行；完成；实现
carry sth. through 把……进行到底；成功完成
carry sb. through 使某人渡过难
[佳句背诵]
Nervous and anxious, Norwood struggled to calm himself down and carried out first aid to Simmons.
既紧张又焦虑，诺伍德努力让自己平静下来，并对西蒙斯进行了急救。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work.
②If we carry on taking(take) exercise when we feel tired, it will be bad for our health.
③Determined to carry out the plan in time, they will make careful preparations.
完成句子
④It was his courage as well as determination that carried him through.
正是他的勇气和决心使他渡过了难关。
9．independently adv.独立地；自立地
[教材原句] China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space... ……使中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。
[归纳拓展]
(1)independent adj.独立的；自主的
be independent of... 不依赖……；不受……支配
(2)independence n．独立
(3)depend vi.依靠；依赖
(4)dependent adj.依赖的；依靠的
dependence n．依靠，依
[佳句背诵]
We aim to help disabled students to live and study independently.
我们致力于帮助残障学生独立生活和学习。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①She encourages us to think independently(independence) and have discussions among ourselves when we are faced with problems.
②Since you are 18, you must learn to be independent of your parents.
③As far as I'm concerned, parents should encourage independence(independent) in their children.
10．signal vi.&vt.标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志
[教材原句] In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.2022年，“梦天”实验舱的发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。
[归纳拓展]
(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that 示意(某人)……
signal sth. to sb. 向某人示意
(2)give signals/a signal (to sb.) (向某人)发信号
a danger/warning/traffic signal 危险/警告/交通信号
[佳句背诵]
She sat on the back seat still, gazing at the square through a mist of tears for a moment, and then signaled me to move on.
她静静地坐在后座上，泪眼模糊地凝视了广场一会儿，然后示意我继续前行。
[易混辨析]
(1)signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
(2)mark 普通用词，含义广泛。指在其他事物上留下的清晰可见的印痕(也可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记)或先天固有的标志。
(3)sign 普通用词，指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
(4)symbol 象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Drivers who give signals(signal) before turning or stopping help prevent accidents.
②He stood up, signaling(signal) to the police officer that he had finished talking with his client.
完成句子
③Whether walking, biking or riding a bus to school, you should obey all traffic signals, signs and instructions from traffic officers.
无论是步行、骑自行车还是坐公共汽车上学，你都应该遵守所有交通信号、标志和交警的指示。
句式 精析
1．This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. [教材原句]
这是因为人们坚信进行太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
[句式分析]
This/That/It is/was because... 意为“这/那是因为……”， because引导表语从句。
[归纳拓展]
because和 why常可引导表语从句，但because引导表语从句时，主语不能是reason或cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：
(1)This/That is/was because... 这/那是因为……
(2)This/That is/was why... 这/那是……的原因
(3)The reason why... is/was that ……的原因是…
[佳句背诵]
This is because they must share expensive facilities.
这是因为他们必须共享这些昂贵的设备。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①The reason why many people choose online shopping is firstly that people are busy with their work and they haven't enough time to go to shopping malls.
完成句子
②That was because Grandma and Grandpa had been planning to take my little sister Indi and me to the zoo.
那是因为奶奶和爷爷一直计划带我和我妹妹英蒂去动物园。
③That's why so many people go to Zibo city to enjoy its barbecue.
那就是为什么这么多人去淄博品尝它的烧烤。
2．Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. [教材原句]
此后，神舟六号和神舟七号分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行以及中国人的第一次太空行走，随后“玉兔”月球车被送往月球进行月表研究。
[句式分析]
本句中的“followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface”为过去分词短语作状语。
[归纳拓展]
过去分词(短语)作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，表示被动与完成。使用时应注意：
(1)过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致(某些独立成分如generally speaking除外)；
(2)句子的主语与过去分词表示的动作为被动与完成关系。
[佳句背诵]
When asked her future plans, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.
当问到未来的计划时， 这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Ordinary soap, used(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
②Ordered(order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
③Bitten(bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
④Given(give) a wrong number, I couldn't contact him over the phone.
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The young man knows little about Newton's Law of Gravity(万有引力)．
2．A determined(意志坚定的) person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.
3．She left the restaurant, disappointed(失望的) with the bad service.
4．The students have a strong desire(渴望) to discuss the question.
5．Students should aim to become more independent(独立的) of their teachers.
6．A warning signal(信号) suddenly appeared on the screen of my computer, indicating the computer was being attacked by a certain virus.
7．China successfully launched(发射) a satellite，from the northwestern Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
8．It's a giant(巨大的) step towards achieving independence.
9．His research is for the betterment of mankind(人类)．
10．The man made satellite has been put into orbit(轨道) around the earth.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．After his death, his children will certainly carry on his career.
2．He will go to Shanghai next year in the hope of getting a well paid job there.
3．He hurried through his work so as to catch the train.
4．Addicted to the computer games, he can't focus on the study.
5．The global warming, unless properly controlled, might lead to more natural disasters.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．His determined look showed that he had made up his mind.
他坚定的表情表明他已经下定了决心。
2．The teacher desired that all the exercises (should) be handed in before school was over.
老师要求将所有作业在放学前交上来。
3．The teacher signaled (to) us to leave the classroom at once.
老师示意我们立刻离开教室。
4．I make full use of my spare time to study so as to improve my English.
为了提高英语，我充分利用业余时间学习。
5．To their disappointment, they found the lecture given by the professor difficult to understand.
令他们失望的是，他们发现教授的讲座很难理解。
6．He missed the first bus and that/it was because he got up late this morning.
他错过了第一班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。
课时作业(十四) Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.词汇语境练
1．The government has launched(发起) an advertising campaign to encourage people to vote so far.
2．There is some confusion about what the correct procedure(程序，步骤) should be.
3．Poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and mental(精神的) health.
4．Early astronomers thought that our planet was the centre of the universe(宇宙)．
5．The driver managed to escape from the vehicle(车辆) and shouted for help.
6．Once upon a time they were driven to the northern frontier(边境)．
7．These youngsters are motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure(fail)．
8．Out of curiosity(curious), the young man went up to see what was happening.
9．The government's action shows its determination(determine) to control the situation.
10．Disappointed(disappoint) at the news, the chief engineer was in a low spirit the whole afternoon.
Ⅱ.固定用法练
1．We have a strong desire for the chance to go abroad for further study.
2．Write home as often as possible so as to relieve(relieve) your mother from anxiety.
3．Looking up, I saw her eyes fixed on me with curiosity.
4．I am writing to you in the hope of being admitted to your drama club.
5．There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed.
6．While visiting(visit) the city, they received a warm welcome.
7．To be independent of my parents, I decided to seek my fortune in a big city.
8．Determined(determine) to give his mother a surprise，Tom arrived home ahead of time.
9．I was disappointed to find(find) that I hadn't completed the important mission.
10．We will carry out this good plan to promote our mushroom.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
A new study focuses on K2 18b, an exoplanet(系外行星) like the Earth discovered in 2015, orbiting a red dwarf star(矮星) close enough to receive about the same amount of radiation from its star as the Earth does from the sun.
“Studies have suggested that planets with hydrogen rich atmospheres(气体) could host certain forms of life，” Bj rn Benneke said, a professor at the Institute for Research on Exoplanets at Université de Montréal. However, a news release says, “K2 18b's large atmosphere is too thick and creates high pressure conditions, which likely prevents life from existing on the planet's surface.” While these researchers found evidence for liquid water clouds on K2 18b because of its lack of surface, rain wouldn't pour on the planet. Without a real surface, landing on the planet would also be nearly impossible, especially because the gas is so thick and has such a high pressure that any Earth created spacecraft sent there would be devastated.
The research team analysed data from Hubble Space Telescope observations that they made between 2016 and 2017 of the K2 18b planet. It allows scientists to detect(探测) clear characters of water in a planet's atmosphere. This team plans to expand this research even further by studying K2 18b with NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, which is ready to launch in 2021. “This type of research，” Benneke said, “is leading towards a final goal of being able to study the Earth like planet.”
“We are not quite there yet，” he said, “but this is really exciting.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于系外行星K2 18b的新发现。K2 18b这颗行星与地球类似，科学家最近发现它上面有水，但是否有生命存在还有待进一步证实。
1．What can we learn about K2 18b
A．It is a planet closest to the sun.
B．It hosts certain forms of life because of thick gas.
C．It is covered with a thin atmosphere.
D．It's a planet moving around a red dwarf star.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，K2 18b是围绕着红矮星运动的行星。故选D项。
答案：D
2．What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Destroyed. B．Declared.
C．Detected. D．Delivered.
解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，如果没有一个真实的表面，在K2 18b上着陆几乎是不可能的，因为K2 18b上的气体非常厚，压强非常大，任何地球制造的宇宙飞船发射到那里都会被毁灭。因此，画线词是“毁灭”的意思，destroy意为“毁掉”，故选A项。
答案：A
3．What allows scientists to detect clear characters of water in a planet's atmosphere
A．The expansion in the research.
B．The goal of knowing the real planet.
C．The data by the Hubble Space Telescope.
D．NASA's James Webb Space Telescope.
解析：细节理解题。由题干定位至倒数第二段的第一、二句，其中的It指代前一句提到的哈勃太空望远镜，即哈勃太空望远镜能探测到行星大气层中水的清晰特征。故选C项。
答案：C
4．What can be the best title for the text
A．Humans Have Landed on K2 18b
B．NASA Helps Explore an Exoplanet
C．A New Finding About a Planet like the Earth
D．Scientists' Determination of Researching Outer Space
解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了科学家发现的一颗系外行星K2 18b，这颗行星与地球类似，科学家最近发现它上面有水，但是否有生命存在还有待证实。故选C项。
答案：C
B
Zara Rutherford，at age 19, became the youngest woman to fly alone around the world in January, 2022. Her history－making journey covered five continents and more than 28,000 sea miles in 155 days. Her incredible achievement broke two Guinness World Records as Zara became the youngest woman to fly around the globe in a microlight(超轻型) airplane.
“I made it，”Zara said as she reached home and her final destination, Kortrijk－Wevelgem airport in western Belgium.
A large, joyful crowd that included her proud parents awaited her with a hero's welcome. Reporters surrounded her as she got off the aircraft, eager to hear about her amazing journey first－hand.
Zara first left Belgium in a two－seater, microlight plane named Shark UL plane. Along her journey, she landed in 31 countries. The record－breaking trip took 156 days—a little longer than she expected due to unexpected challenges. She was grounded in some countries for weeks, awaiting safe flying conditions and visa (签证) entry approval to her next destination.
Zara flew through wildfires, typhoons and dangerous, sub－zero temperatures to reach her destination and make history.“The hardest part was flying over Siberia—it was extremely cold and, if the engine was to die, I'd be hours away from rescue. I'm not sure I would have survived，” she reflected. One particularly painful moment occurred when she had to make an unscheduled landing in California because of wildfire smoke. “At one point, I just couldn't see anymore，” she said.“It got really turbulent.”
At several points on her journey, Zara said she was struck by the beauty of the natural wonders below. She also came across many kind strangers throughout her trip.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述了2022年1月Zara独自完成了环球飞行，成为完成环球飞行的最年轻的女性飞行员。
5．What happened to Zara Rutherford
A．She bought her own microlight airplane at age 19.
B．She traveled alone around the world on a boat tour.
C．She broke two Guinness World Records separately.
D．She made a name by flying alone around the world.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段首句和尾句可知，Zara因成为世界上完成环球飞行最年轻的女性而闻名于世。故选D项。
答案：D
6．What can be known about Zara's journey
A．It was finished in the shortest time.
B．It took shorter time than expected.
C．Its origin and end were both in Belgium.
D．It went smoothly from beginning to end.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段和第四段首句可知，Zara这次行程起点和终点都在比利时。故选C项。
答案：C
7．Which can best replace the underlined word “turbulent” in Paragraph 5
A．Splendid.
B．Dangerous.
C．Amazing.
D．Unforgettable.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“painful moment...an unscheduled landing in California because of wildfire smoke... couldn't see anymore”可知，飞行过程中突遇加利福尼亚州的野火烟雾，Zara什么都看不清，不得不迫降。这些细节描写主要叙述当时危险的情况。故选B项。
答案：B
8．Which can be the best title of the passage
A．An amazing young woman：Zara Rutherford
B．How long does it take to fly around the globe
C．A girl who made the first journey around the globe
D．What difficulties await Zara on her journey
解析：标题归纳题。本文是以写人为主要内容的记叙文，主要记述了年轻女飞行员Zara的成就。故选A 项。
答案：A
Ⅳ.七选五
Life on Mars: Is It Really Possible
Now that curiosity is beaming back Earth like pictures of Martian landscapes, the old question raises its head: could man and woman ever go there The answer is, very definitely yes. There are a number of practical challenges to overcome first, however. There are differences between Earth and Mars, but also a number of similarities. 1
Phobos and Deimos
Unlike Earth, Mars does not have a polar magnetic field. Scientists believe that the two Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, are “captured” little planets. 2
3
For the annual IGEM or International Genetically Engineered Machines competition, students around the world attempt to make living cells perform new tasks. In preparation for the human colonisation of Mars, seeds and organic matter would have to be transported from Earth to begin growing plants and establishing a food supply.
Super sized Bees
Plants need pollinators as well as water, and the best pollinator on Earth is the humble bee—and entire hives would be transported to Mars. 4 However, without natural predators, they could grow very large, indeed.
Overcoming Challenges—Opening Possibilities
There will be other challenges to overcome, for example, the effect on the human body of living in a field of lower gravity. 5 Right now, we ought to welcome the challenges. The more challenges we overcome now, the more prepared we will be for moving out of our solar system and into the grand, universal adventure that is ahead of us.
A．IGEM
B．The next question is：could man colonise Mars
C．Once there, the insects would be let loose among the plants.
D．However, all kinds of other interesting things will be happening.
E．But these are already issues for astronauts living on the International Space Station.
F．They do not have the stabilising effect on the spin of the planet like the moon has upon Earth.
G．Mars has Earth like seasons and the planet surface is abundant in minerals essential for plant growth.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。通过对比火星与地球上生物及环境的异同，论证了将来人类登上火星生活的可能性。
1．解析：上句中介绍地球与火星有不同但也有相似之处，下面应具体举例。G项表达了火星拥有与地球相似的季节和植物生长所必需的矿物质。故选G项。
答案：G
2．解析：上文中提到科学家认为Phobos和Deimos是火星的月亮，但其实是两颗小行星，因此它们对火星的旋转没有月亮对地球一样的平衡作用。故选F项。
答案：F
3．解析：第三段主要介绍了为了向火星上运输种子和有机物质，每年各地的学生都会参加IGEM比赛，由此可知，本段的小标题应为A项。故选A项。
答案：A
4．解析：因为上文中提到为了把传粉者蜜蜂运到火星上，要把完整的蜂巢运过去，下面应介绍到达火星以后怎么做。故选C项。
答案：C
5．解析：上面一句提到到火星后将面对重力较小的问题，这正好是国际空间站的宇航员们遇到过的问题。故选E项。
答案：E
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
基础 记忆
项目一 必会单词
Ⅰ.单词匹配
1．solar A．毛巾；抹布
2．soap B．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
3．towel C．设施；设备
4．telescope D．太阳的；太阳能的
5．tissue E．肥皂
6．facility F．望远镜
答案：1.D 2.E 3.A 4.F 5.B 6.C
Ⅱ.核心单词
1．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用→recycling n．回收利用；回收的物品→recyclable adj.可再循环的
2．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力
3．lack vi.&vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.没有的；缺乏的
4．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流
5．current n．水流；电流；思潮 adj.现在的；当前的→currently adv.现时；当前→currency n．货币；通用；流行
6．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
7．keen adj.渴望的；热衷的；热心的；敏锐的；机智的
“re 前缀＋动词”表示“再，重新，重复”
rebuild 重建
recycle 回收利用；再利用
review 回顾；审查
reuse 再利用
restart 重新开始
项目二 必记短语
1．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
2．lack of 缺乏
3．due to 由于；因为
4．give up 放弃；停止
5．can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
6．be keen to do sth. 渴望做某事
7．be curious about 对……好奇
8．be useful for 对……有用
1．beyond短语
beyond control 无法控制
beyond one's wildest dreams 某人做梦也没想到
beyond one's power 是某人力所不及的
beyond compare 无可比拟；无与伦比
beyond description 难以描述
2．“动词＋out”短语专辑
work out 解决；算出；锻炼
figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
find out 查明；弄清楚
try out 试用；试验
pick out 挑出；捡出；辨认出
项目三 教材原句
1．For example，using current technology, it would take over a year to get to Mars and come back.
例如，使用目前的技术，到达火星再返回(地球)，要花一年多的时间。
2．I can't wait to see Captain Brown!
我等不及要见布朗船长了！
3．I hope you won't mind me asking about...
我希望你不会介意我问……
词汇 精讲
1．married adj.已婚的
[教材原句] In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space. 2003年，尤里·马连琴科成为第一个在太空结婚的人。
[归纳拓展]
(1)get married to sb. 与某人结婚(强调动作)
be married to sb. 与某人结婚(强调状态)
(2)marry v．(和某人)结婚；娶；嫁
marry sb. 嫁给某人；与某人结婚
marry sb. to sb. (父母)把某人嫁给某人
(3)marriage n．结婚；婚
[佳句背诵]
I'm getting married next year.
我明年结婚。
marry/get married是非延续性动词(短语)，不能和一段时间连用；但be married表示状态，可与一段时间连用。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Please state whether you are single, married(marry), or divorced in the form.
②Their whole marriage(marry) was a failure—they had never loved each other.
③Jane got married(marry) to a doctor last month.
2．lack vi.&vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺
[教材原句] Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity... 由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常虚弱……
[归纳拓展]
(1)for lack of 因缺乏……
(a) lack of 缺乏……
(2)lacking adj.没有的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
(3)lack (for) sth. 缺乏某物
[佳句背诵]
For lack of physical training, many people are not in good health.
由于缺乏体育锻炼，许多人的健康状况不佳。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①She seemed to be lacking(lack) in frankness.
②The building programme has been delayed for lack of money.
完成句子
③Though lacking/lacking in money, his parents, making their living by working abroad, managed to send him to a key middle school.
虽然缺钱，他的父母靠在国外工作谋生，设法把他送进了重点中学。
3．otherwise adv.否则；要不然；除此以外；在其他方面；另；亦
[教材原句] Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. 宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有东西都粘住，否则一切都会漂走。
[归纳拓展]
(1)otherwise＝or (else)/if not 否则；要不然
otherwise 后面的分句中常用虚拟语气
(2)otherwise＝apart from/in another way differently 除此以外在其他方面；另；
[佳句背诵]
Note down the number, otherwise you'll forget it.
把号码记下来，否则你会忘记的。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①I was ill that day, otherwise I would have taken(take) part in the sports meet.
②We were delayed(delay) at the airport, otherwise we would have arrived home by lunchtime.
③Work hard, otherwise, you would find it hard to adapt to life in the future.
4．current adj.当前的，现在的 n．水流；电流；思潮
[教材原句] For example, using current technology, it would take over a year to get to Mars and come back. 例如，使用目前的技术，到达火星再返回(地球)，要花一年多的时间。
[归纳拓展]
(1)current account 活期存款账户
current affairs 时事
direct current 直流电
electric current 电流
air current 气流
ocean current 海流；洋流
(2)currently adv.当前；目前
currency n．货币；流行
[佳句背诵]
Nothing disturbs the peaceful current of life in the village.
没有任何事干扰村里一向平静的生活。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①Birds use warm air currents to help their flight.
鸟利用暖气流助飞。
②You may open a current account at a bank.
你可以在银行开一个活期账户。
③He is concerned about current affairs.
他很关注时事。
5．give up 放弃；停止
[教材原句] However，space scientists never give up. 然而，太空科学家们从不放弃。
[归纳拓展]
give away 分发；赠送；泄露
give back 归还
give in 投降；屈服；让步
give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)
give in (to) 屈服(于)；让步；投降；呈交
give out 分发；用完；耗尽
give way to 给……让路；对……让步
[佳句背诵]
She doesn't give up easily.
她做任何事都不轻易放弃。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①My brother is a determined boy and never gives in to difficulties.
②She gave away all her money to the poor.
③The rotting bananas are giving off a bad smell.
④Her patience gave out and she lost her temper.
⑤The teacher gave out the examination papers.
6．keen adj.渴望的；热衷的；热心的；敏锐的；机智的
[教材原句] I'm very keen to know... 我非常想知道……
[归纳拓展]
(1)be keen to do sth. 渴望做某事
be keen on... 热衷于……；喜爱……
(2)和“喜爱”相关的短语还有：
be fond of 喜爱；喜欢
be into sth. 对某事物十分感兴趣；很喜欢
go in for sth. 对某事物有兴趣；爱好
be crazy about... 热衷……；迷恋上……
[佳句背诵]
I wasn't too keen on going to the party.
我不太想去参加聚会。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①My young nephews are fond of playing jokes on me.
②I am not very keen on detective stories.
③I am crazy about cartoons because they are very interesting and cartoon music sounds great.
句式 精析
1．I can't wait to see Captain Brown! [教材原句]
我等不及要见布朗船长了！
[句式分析]
can't/can hardly wait
[归纳拓展]
wait相关短语：
wait for等待
wait up熬夜
wait a minute等一会
[佳句背诵]
Since he has been out of work for a long time, he can't wait to get a new one.
由于他失业已很长时间了，他迫不及待要获得一份新工作。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①When the term is coming to an end, many students can't/can hardly wait to have their vacation.
当学期就要结束时，很多学生迫不及待地要休假。
②The boy hurried home and couldn't wait to open the present that his mother had bought for him.
男孩匆忙赶到家，迫不及待地打开妈妈给他买的礼物。
2．I hope you won't mind me asking about... [教材原句]
我希望你不会介意我问……
[句式分析]
mind (sb./sb.'s) doing sth.意为“介意(某人)做某事”。
[归纳拓展]
mind表示“介意，在意”时，多用于下列句型中：
Do you mind if...
Would you mind if...
Do you mind doing...
这三个句子都表示“你介意……吗？”。应注意该类句型的答语，表示“不介意”时，多使用：Of course not./Certainly not./No, not at all./No. Go ahead./No, please do./No, I don't.
如果表示介意、反对，常使用下列说法回答：I'm sorry, you'd better not./I'm sorry, it's not allowed./Sorry, but I do.
[佳句背诵]
Do you mind me opening the door
你介意我打开门吗？
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①—Do you mind my/me smoking here
—I would rather you didn't(共68张PPT)
综合微评(四)
(满分：120分 时间：90分钟)
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
答案
解析
答案
解析
解析
答案
答案
解析
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
解析
答案
2门世2有
3厚
