UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
主题语境：人与自我——道德与美德
The best portion of a good man's life is his little, nameless, unremembered acts of kindness and of love.
—William Wordsworth
一个好人一生最好的部分，是他细小的、无名的、不被人记得的出于善良和爱的行为。
——威廉·华兹华斯
加黑词汇为话题词汇，阅读时加以体会。
THE POWER of GOOD
“The British Schindler”： the life of
Nicholas Winton
It is August 1939, and a group of frightened children are boarding a train at Prague's Wilson Station. Their heartbroken parents do not join them. Indeed, they fear they may never see their children again. But they know that their children will live. These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.
Nicholas Winton was born on 19 May 1909 in London, to German Jewish parents. The family later took British nationality. On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. He returned to Britain in 1931, where he worked in business.
In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid people who were escaping from the Nazis. In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger. He decided to help transport children to safety in Britain. He established an office to keep records of the children, and then returned to Britain to find temporary homes for them. He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required. By August 1939, Winton had saved 669 children.
(节选自外研版必修第三册Unit 2)
学有 所得
1．词海拾贝
(1)nationality n．国籍
(2)aid vt.帮助 n．帮助，援助
(3)establish vt.建立
(4)temporary adj.短期的，短暂的；临时的
(5)donated adj.捐赠的，捐献的
2．阅读思考
(1) Why did Nicholas Winton decide to aid the children
His_sympathy_for_the_children's_fate.
(2) Why did the children board a train at Prague's Wilson Station without their parents
They_were_Jewish,_under_the_control_of_the_Nazis,_and_Nicholas_saved_them.
3．佳句欣赏
Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger. (living... conditions作saw的宾语补足语，whose引导的是定语从句，先行词是people)
翻译：温顿看到人们生活在恶劣的环境中，他们的生命处于危险之中。
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking
基础 记忆
项目一 必会单词
1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意→morally adv.道德上；道义上
2．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
3．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境
4．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的
形容词＋ ly后缀变副词
fluent→fluently 流利地
frequent→frequently 频繁地，经常地
actual→actually 实际上
entire→entirely 完全，全部地
gradual→gradually 逐渐地
late→lately 近来
final→finally 最后
extreme→extremely 极其
项目二 必记短语
1．in trouble 在困境中
2．be eager to_do sth. 渴望做某事
3．all the time 一直
4．be faced with 面临；面对
5．fall down 摔倒
6．help sb. with 在……方面帮助某人
“time”短语时时记
all the time 一直，始终
at the same time 同时
at that time 在那时
at a time 每次，一次
at one time 曾经，一度
at no time 从不，决不
in no time 立即，马上
from time to time 有时
项目三 教材原句
1．If I were ever in a situation like the girl faced, I think I would_choose to...
如果我遇到过像那个女孩那样的情况，我想我会选择……
2．It was a bit dangerous，but he got all the cars to_stop.
有点儿危险，但他让所有的车停下来。
3．But I don't_think it's the right thing to do.Do you
但我觉得这样做不对。你呢？
4．Why not help him with his schoolwork
为什么不帮他做功课？
延伸 学习
Ⅰ.语音知识
英语当中的升调规则
英语会话中，语调来自于音调的变化，以降调和升调为两种基本语调。升调用于提问等，表达“不肯定”“委婉”的含义。
1．一般疑问句读升调：Are you a doctor？/Do you speak English
2．选择疑问句前升后降：Do you speak English or French
3．反意疑问句前降后升，但把握较大时前后都降：You know it, don't you？/It is fine, isn't it
4．祈使句表示命令读降调，表示请求用升调：Don't move! Sit down, please.
5．陈述疑问句用升调：You are a policeman
6．未听清对方的话，要求对方重复一下用升调：What？/Who？/When？/For what？/Pardon
7．句子较长，中间划分意群停顿时通常都读升调。
Ⅱ.话题词汇
1．be willing to help others 乐于助人
2．be generous 慷慨大方
3．offer to take on responsibility 主动承担责任
4．devote yourself to serving the people 致力于服务人民
5．love our homeland 热爱祖国
6．respect our parents and teachers 尊重父母师长
7．be honest and friendly 诚实友好
8．serve as a volunteer 担任志愿者
Ⅲ.情景交际
英语课上，老师鼓励学生们探讨优秀的道德品质，同学们踊跃发言，请根据语境和汉语提示完成对话。
Teacher: As we all know, we Chinese 1.have_many_traditional_virtues(有很多传统美德). Next, I want to find some students to tell us something about our virtues. Li Hua, please!
Li Hua：Thanks, Ms Liu. I think 2.one_of_the_most_important_virtues_is_honesty(最重要的美德之一是诚信). Honesty is the base of the society.
Teacher: Very good. Wang Lei, do you have anything to say
Wang Lei: Yes, Ms Liu. In my opinion, diligence is more important, because we Chinese 3.are_known_for(因……而著称) being diligent and hard－working.
Teacher: Good! Anyone else
Han Meimei: Ms Liu, I think kindness is 4.of_great_importance_to_our society(对我们的社会很重要)．
Ⅳ.听说词句
翻译词块
1．moral_dilemmas 道德困境
2．serve_the_people_heart_and_soul 全心全意为人民服务
3．look after the old 照顾老人
4．put the needs of the other person first 把别人的利益放在首位
5．hard working and kind 勤劳善良
完成句子
1．We are supposed to_respect_the_old_and_care_for_the_young.
我们应该尊老爱幼。
2．I hold the firm belief that a_small_act_of_kindness_can_make_a_big_difference.
我坚信一个小小的善举就能产生很大的影响。
3．I am reading a_very_interesting_article_about_moral_dilemmas.
我正在读一篇关于道德困境的非常有趣的文章。
4．I think morals_and_values_are_of_great_importance_to_our_society.
我认为道德和美德对我们的社会非常重要。
词汇 精讲
1．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境
[教材原句] A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make. 道德困境是指你面临两个或更多的困难选择的情况。
[归纳拓展]
a moral dilemma道德困境
in a dilemma处于进退两难的境地
face a dilemma(＝be faced with a dilemma)面临进退两难的困境
get out of a dilemma摆脱两难的处
[佳句背诵]
I am grateful that you helped me get out of the dilemma I was in.
我很感激你帮我摆脱了进退两难的境地。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①I was in a dilemma where both ways were very dangerous.
完成句子
②Many moms face/are_faced_with_the_dilemma about whether they should go back to work or not.
许多妈妈面临着是否应该回去工作的两难境地。
2．situation n．情况；形势；局面；位置
[教材原句] A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make.道德困境是指你面临两个或更多的困难选择的情况。
[归纳拓展]
current/present situation现状；目前形势
economic situation经济形势
general situation概况
situation comedy情景喜
[佳句背诵]
①The situation is under control.
局面得到了控制。
②The current situation is very frustrating for us.
目前的局势对我们来讲是令人懊丧的。
当先行词situation表示抽象地点且在其后的定语从句中作地点状语时，用where/in which引导定语从句；当在定语从句中作主语、宾语时，用that/which引导定语从句。类似用法的单词还有case、 point、 stage、 condition等。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①You could get into a situation where you have to decide quickly.
②We have been in similar embarrassing situations(situation)．
3．eager adj.热切的，渴望的
[教材原句] Jane is eager to share the magazine article with Luke. 简渴望与卢克分享这篇杂志文章。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be eager to do sth. 渴望/热心做某事
be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
be eager that... 渴望……
(2)eagerness n．热心，渴望
eagerly adv.急切地；渴望地；热心地
[佳句背诵]
People around you will be eager to know what you will do next.
你身边的人渴望知道你接下来会做什么。
表示“渴望/盼望做某事”的短语：
be anxious to do sth.
be desperate to do sth.
long to do sth.
desire to do sth.
look forward to doing sth.
be keen to do sth.
be thirsty to do sth.
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Each week I eagerly(eager) counted my growing savings increased by extra work here and there.
②I wasn't able to hide my eagerness(eager) when I asked，“What do you wish me to do now？”
完成句子
③Everyone in the class seemed to be eager_to_learn.
班上每个人似乎都热爱学习。
④She is_eager_for her parents' approval.
她渴望得到父母的赞许。
4．face vt.面向；面对 n．面孔；表情；正面
[教材原句] Think about what you would do if you were ever faced with the same situation as the girl. 想想如果你遇到像那个女孩同样的情况你会怎么做。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be faced with 面临，面对
face up to 勇敢面对
(2)make a face 做鬼脸
lose face 丢脸；失面子
save one's face 挽回面子
face to face 面对面
in the face of 面对；在……面前
(3)facial adj.面部
[佳句背诵]
You have to learn to face your problem.
你要学会面对自己的问题。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Facing(face) so much trouble, he didn't know what to do.
②Faced(face) with such a tough task, I was at a loss.
完成句子
③You'd better make great efforts to achieve it, otherwise you will lose_face.
你最好全力以赴去实现它，否则你会颜面尽失的。
④Rather than admit failure, Frank made_a_face in order to save_his_face.
弗兰克为了保全面子，没有承认失败，而是做了个鬼脸。
句式 精析
1．When you listen, you should pay attention not only to the words but also to HOW the speaker is talking. [教材原句]
当你听的时候，你不仅要注意说话人说的话，还要注意说话人说话的方式。
[句式分析]
本句中的“not only... but also...”为并列连词，连接并列结构，意为“不但……而且……”，其中，also可以省略。
[归纳拓展]
(1)not only... but (also)．..通常可以连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可以连接两个并列的句子。
(2)not only... but (also)．..连接并列的主语时，遵循“就近一致”原则。
(3)not only... but (also)．..连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首，not only所在的分句要部分倒装，but (also)后面的分句不倒装
[佳句背诵]
She likes not only music but also sport.
她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Not only Tom but also his classmates are(be) fond of this film.
②Not only does he want to set up a new school but also he wants to give some money to the poor.
完成句子
③She speaks English not only in class but_(also)_at_home.
她不仅在课堂上讲英语而且在家也讲。
④Reading cannot_only__make_me_happy but it can also improve my academic performance.
读书不但让我感觉快乐，还能提高我的成绩。
2．If I were ever in a situation like the girl faced, I think I would choose to...[教材原句]
如果我遇到像那个女孩那样的情况，我想我会选择……
[句式分析]
本句是表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用了一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)，主句用了“would/should/might/could＋动词原形”。
[归纳拓展]
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
(1)与现在事实相反的假设，条件从句用一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)，主句用“would/should/might/could＋动词原形”。
(2)与将来事实相反的假设，条件从句用：
①一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)；
②should＋动词原形；
③were to＋动词原形。主句用“would/should/might/could＋动词原形”。
(3)与过去事实相反的假设，条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词”。
[佳句背诵]
If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你，我会带把伞。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①If we had time now, we would_read it again.
要是现在有空，我们就把它再看一遍。
②If he were_to_come/came/should_come here, he would tell us about it.
如果他要来这儿的话，他会通知我们一声。
③If I had seen the film, I would_have_told you about it.
我如果看过这部电影，我就会把电影内容告诉你了。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．65 percent of the students think it is a moral(道德的) question to clone humans.
2．Helping others is a virtue(美德), and it will make our society more harmonious.
3．She was in a dilemma(进退两难的境地), wondering what to do next.
4．Many people in the crowd fainted(晕倒) in the heat.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．In this museum, the exhibition changes all_the_time.
2．He was_eager_to communicate his ideas to the group.
3．In no way should you lose heart when you are_faced_with difficulties.
4．I would like to express my thanks to my friends who often help me when I'm in_trouble.
5．The teacher has devoted all his spare time to helping his students with English during the past few years.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Faced_with/Facing_these_difficulties,_many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.
面对这些困难，许多学生发现自己不能集中所有注意力在学习上。
2．The group leader is_eager_that all the workers should come on time.
队长渴望所有工人都按时上班。
3．This printer is of good quality. If_it_should/were_to_break_down/broke_down_within_the_first_year,_we would repair it at our expense.
这台打印机质量好。如果在一年内坏了，我们会出钱维修。
4．Why_not go out for a picnic with us
为什么不与我们一起去野餐呢？
课时作业(五) Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking &
Listening and Talking
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．After the performance, I'm eager to_show(show) you around some places.
2．When I am faced with a difficulty in my study, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages.
3．If I were(be) you, I would ask our teacher for advice.
4．Mr Li is not here.If he stayed(stay) here，everything would_be(be) all right.
5．—I am really tired of my job. It's so boring.
—Why not find(find) a better one
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Carnegie's life saw him rise from an extremely poor man to America's richest one. Carnegie once moved from job to job to get better pay and richer experience. He never accepted he could not better himself.
When he was a telegraph messenger，Carnegie made sure he knew every influential businessman in Pittsburgh, where he was primarily based. He became known as a young man who was willing to work hard, trustworthy and intelligent. Carnegie's perseverance(毅力) and carefulness paid off when he was provided with a post by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company as a secretary and telegraph operator. Promotion came quickly, and he rose to be the superintendent (主管) of the Railroad's Western Division. With the help of Thomas A. Scot, Carnegie learned about management and controlling costs. These skills were of great value to his future business.
Carnegie could take advantage of the connections he made through his business and the social events he attended. Over the next years, Carnegie took every chance to invest in railroads. He came to own ironworks, bridge companies, and steel plants. Carnegie was friends with literary figures from both Britain and the US. He valued education. It was his friendship with Enoch Pratt that created his interest in establishing free public libraries. Carnegie spent the second half of his life donating his fortune. Free libraries were an important part of it.
Carnegie's life teaches us a lot. He promoted the need for perseverance, determination, and single mindedness. Motivate yourself in whatever way you feel happy doing. Aim to be the best you can be. Always try to be the best in everything you attempt. Success is the reward for hard work. Never believe that you do not deserve a reward for your work. There is plenty of room for successful people at the top of every field of business.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了卡内基从贫苦到成功的人生以及人们从他的人生经历中能学到的东西。
1．Which words can best describe Carnegie working as a telegraph messenger
A．Reliable, wise and hard working.
B．Skilled, respectful and learned.
C．Influential, devoted and kind.
D．Famous, proud and sociable.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He became known as a young man who was willing to work hard, trustworthy and intelligent.”可知，当作为一名电报员时，卡内基被认为是努力、可靠和聪明的。故选A。
答案：A
2．How did Enoch Pratt influence Carnegie
A．He offered Carnegie advice on investment.
B．He helped Carnegie start a career in charity.
C．He inspired Carnegie to build free public libraries.
D．He introduced Carnegie to some influential businessmen.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It was his friendship with Enoch Pratt that... free public libraries.”可知，卡内基与伊诺克·普拉特的友谊使卡内基对建立免费公共图书馆产生了兴趣。故选C。
答案：C
3．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．To show us the difficulties Carnegie overcame.
B．To tell us about Carnegie's main achievements.
C．To stress Carnegie's charming personality.
D．To encourage us to learn from Carnegie.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要介绍了我们可以从卡内基身上学到的东西，所以是在鼓励我们向卡内基学习。故选D。
答案：D
4．Which can be the best title for the text
A．What Carnegie's Life Was Like
B．What Carnegie's Story Tells Us
C．How Carnegie Became Successful
D．How Carnegie Built His Fame
解析：标题归纳题。本文共四段，其中有三段介绍了卡内基从贫苦到成功的人生。因此，C项“卡内基是如何成功的”可以充分概括文章内容。故选C。
答案：C
Ⅲ.完形填空
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier than she did. Her __2__ came because she was carrying a __3__ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two thirds of the way through her __4__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She __5__ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __6__. She couldn't. Bailey then __7__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was __9__ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme __10__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more __11__ about why her act is considered a big __12__. “She was just crying. I couldn't __13__ her，” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the __14__， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the __15__ of human kindness won the day.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，梅兰妮·贝莉背着另一个参赛者丹妮尔·勒诺过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
1．A.designed B．followed
C．changed D．finished
解析：句意：梅兰妮·贝莉本应该更早完成比赛。A.designed设计；B.followed跟随；C.changed改变；D.finished完成。根据下一段中的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention”可知，贝莉因为在比赛中背一名受伤的参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了。故选D项。
答案：D
2．A.delay B．chance
C．trouble D．excuse
解析：句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A.delay延误；B.chance机会；C.trouble麻烦；D.excuse借口。根据上一题的解析可知，贝莉本应该更早完成比赛，但因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线所以延迟了。故选A项。
答案：A
3．A.judge B．volunteer
C．classmate D．competitor
解析：句意同上题。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.classmate同学；D.competitor参赛者。根据第二段中的“when a runner in front of her began crying in pain”和“carried her all the way to the finish line”可知，贝莉背着一名参赛者冲过了终点线。故选D项。
答案：D
4．A.race B．school
C．town D．training
解析：句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当贝莉跑完了赛程三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A.race比赛；B.school学校；C.town城镇；D.training训练。根据第一段中的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”可知，贝莉正在参加越野赛。故选A项。
答案：A
5．A.agreed B．returned
C．stopped D．promised
解析：句意：她停下来帮助她的同行跑步者丹妮尔·勒诺。A.agreed同意；B.returned回来；C.stopped停止；D.promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，贝莉停下来帮助同行跑步者丹妮尔·勒诺。故选C项。
答案：C
6．A.courage B．aid
C．patience D．advice
解析：句意：贝莉扶着她的胳膊，看她能否在帮助下向前走。A.courage勇气；B.aid帮助；C.patience耐心；D.advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，贝莉扶着勒诺的胳膊，看在贝莉的帮助下勒诺是否能够行走。故选B项。
答案：B
7．A.went away B．stood up
C．stepped aside D．bent down
解析：句意：然后贝莉弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺到勒诺接受治疗的地方。A.went away离开； B．stood up站起来；C.stepped aside让路；D.bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，贝莉弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D项。
答案：D
8．A.medical B．public
C．constant D．equal
解析：句意同上题。A.medical医疗的；B.public公众的；C.constant连续不断的；D.equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”和“She couldn't.”可知，勒诺需要接受治疗。故选A项。
答案：A
9．A.interrupted B．assessed
C．identified D．appreciated
解析：句意：勒诺在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A.interrupted打断；B.assessed评估；C.identified识别；D.appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，勒诺接受检查之后被送往了医院。故选B项。
答案：B
10．A.hunger B．pain
C．cold D．tiredness
解析：句意：如果没有贝莉的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A.hunger饥饿；B.pain疼痛；C.cold感冒；D.tiredness疲劳。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，勒诺受伤时非常痛苦，如果贝莉没有背她，她只能自己承受疼痛去援助检查站。故选B项。
答案：B
11．A.worried B．ashamed
C．confused D．discouraged
解析：句意：至于贝莉，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.worried担心的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.confused困惑的；D.discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知，贝莉觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C项。
答案：C
12．A.game B．problem
C．lesson D．deal
解析：句意同上题。A.game游戏；B.problem问题；C.lesson课；D.deal交易，局面。a big deal意为“一件非常重要的事”，符合语境。故选D项。
答案：D
13．A.leave B．cure
C．bother D．understand
解析：句意：我不能离开她。A.leave离开；B.cure治愈；C.bother打扰；D.understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying.”和贝莉一路背着勒诺到终点线，可知，贝莉看见勒诺受伤哭泣，所以觉得不能就那么离开。故选A项。
答案：A
14．A.ride B．test
C．meet D．show
解析：句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A.ride短途旅程；B.test测试；C.meet体育比赛；D.show展示。根据第一段中的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”和设空处上文“the two young women were strangers”可知，这两个年轻女子越野赛之前是陌生人。故选C项。
答案：C
15．A.secret B．display
C．benefit D．exchange
解析：句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A.secret秘密；B.display展示；C.benefit利益；D.exchange交换。背着受伤的勒诺过终点线，这展示了人类的善良。故选B项。
答案：B
Ⅳ.语法填空
The activity “The Window of China” took place on Tuesday, with an online book donation ceremony from China's Jinling Library to Malta Libraries.
The online event 1.________(hold) at the Central Public Library in Floriana, Malta. More than 200 books were donated by Jinling Library, 2.________cover fields such as ancient Chinese literature and art, history, culture, and food.
Books are important for the cultural exchange 3.________ two countries and will 4._________(far) strengthen cooperation. 5.________(hopeful), the donated books will open a new window of understanding of Chinese culture, history and social development for the Maltese people.
The books 6.________(donate)on Tuesday not only provide a chance of 7.________(promote) Chinese culture and tourism, but are also 8.________ wonderful gift of friendship from the people of Nanjing to the Maltese people.
Jinling Library has always focused on using books as a bridge to understanding of Chinese culture for 9.________(foreigner). Jinling Library, founded in 1927, organized 10.________(it) first “The Window of China” overseas in Nigeria in 2013. There will be more in the future.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南京金陵图书馆与马耳他图书馆“中国图书之窗”赠书仪式在线成功举办。
1．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这次在线活动在马耳他弗洛里亚纳的中央公共图书馆举行。本句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。主语The online event与谓语动词hold之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。主语是单数名词，谓语动词也用单数形式。故填was held。
答案：was held
2．解析：考查定语从句。句意：金陵图书馆捐赠了200多册图书，涉及中国古代文学、艺术、历史、文化、饮食等领域。句中先行词为books，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
答案：which
3．解析：考查介词。句意：图书是两国文化交流的重要载体，将进一步加强两国间的合作。根据句意，表示“两国间的文化交流”用介词between，构成介词短语between two countries，作后置定语，意为“两国之间的”。故填between。
答案：between
4．解析：考查比较级。句意同上题。结合句意可知，表示“进一步加强两国间的合作”，应用副词的比较级形式。故填further。
答案：further
5．解析：考查副词。句意：希望这些捐赠书籍为马耳他人民了解中国文化、历史和社会发展打开一扇新的窗口。空处作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Hopefully。
答案：Hopefully
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：周二捐赠的图书不仅为推广中国文化和旅游提供了机会，也是南京人民送给马耳他人民的一份美好的友谊礼物。分析句子结构可知，“6.________ on Tuesday”作后置定语修饰The books, donate是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填donated。
答案：donated
7．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。空处作介词of的宾语。故填promoting。
答案：promoting
8．解析：考查冠词。句意同6题。名词gift为可数名词，表泛指，且wonderful发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
答案：a
9．解析：考查名词的数。句意：金陵图书馆一直专注于将书籍作为外国人了解中国文化的桥梁。名词foreigner为可数名词，泛指“众多外国人”应用复数形式。故填foreigners。
答案：foreigners
10．解析：考查代词。句意：金陵图书馆建于1927年，2013年在尼日利亚举办了第一次“中国图书之窗”海外展。空处修饰名词，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
答案：its
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习课文见本书350页MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
基础 记忆
项目一 必会单词
Ⅰ.单词匹配
1．entrust A．协会；联合会；工会
2．tuition B．诊所；门诊部
3．union C．十年；十年期
4．clinic D．保险；保险业
5．decade E．(小组)教学；讲课
6．insurance F．委托；交付
答案：1.F 2.E 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D
Ⅱ.核心单词
1．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
2．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→married adj.已婚的→marry v．结婚，娶，嫁
3．majority n．大多数；大部分→major adj.主要的→minority(反义词)n.少数
4．complain vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；牢骚；投诉
5．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复
6．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用→fire(反义词)vt.解雇
7．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
8．colleague n．同事，同僚
9．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决
10．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；预约；任命，委任→appointed adj.指定的；确定的
11．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选
12．tend vi.趋于；倾向 vt.照顾；照料→tendency n．倾向；趋势
13．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版→publishing n．出版业→publication n．出版；发表
14．retire vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休→retired adj.已退休的
15．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.节省；节约
16．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
17．passive adj.被动的；顺从的→active(反义词)adj.主动的；积极的
18．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的(修饰物)
19．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharpen vt. 削尖；磨快→sharpener n．削刀；磨具
20．insurance n．保险；保险业→insure vt.投保；给……保险
21．energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的→energy n．精力；活力
22．replace vt. 接替；取代；更换→replacement n．替换的人或物；替换
1．“adj.＋ ity”构成名词
popular→popularity 普及；流行
real→reality 现实
similar→similarity 相似点
secure→security 安全
equal→equality 平等
major→majority 大多数
2．众“说”纷纭
remark 谈到，说起
add 继续说；补充说
complain 抱怨说
warn 警告说；提醒说
whisper 低声说；私下说
go on 接着说；继续说
Ⅲ.英英互译
1.precious A.to choose sb. for a iob or position of responsibility
2.entrust B.rare and worth a lot of money; valuable or important and not to be wasted
3.tuition C.to make sb. responsible for doing sth. or taking care of sb.
4.appoint D.to stop doing your job, especially because you have reached a particular age or because you are ill/sick
5.tend E.the act of teaching sth., especially to one person or to people in small groups
6.retire F.to be likely to do sth. or to happen in a particular way because this is what often or usually happens
答案：1.B 2.C 3.E 4.A 5.F 6.D
Ⅳ.一词多义
sharp adj.
1．She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes.B
2．Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town.A
3．After a sharp turn in the path they are suddenly approaching a faint square of light.D
4．She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was peeling apples.C
Ⅴ.熟词生义
1．I think the moral of the story is to let the buyer beware.n.寓意
2．A team of army doctors were tending the wounded.vt.照顾
3．In the first half, Jack broke his leg and had to retire.vi.(因伤)退出比赛
项目二 必记短语
1．carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
2．complain about 抱怨
3．be affected by 受到……的影响
4．graduate from 毕业于
5．in need of 需要
6．be responsible for 为……负责
7．treat sb. as 把某人当作……
8．be known as 作为……而闻名
9．of one's own 某人自己的
10．show interest in 对……感兴趣
“做出反应”的各种表达聚焦
respond to 响应；回应……
reply to 回答；答复……
answer to 对……做出解释
项目三 教材原句
1．To a person nothing is more_precious_than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I'm cold, hungry, or tired
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能辜负那种信任，说自己冷了、饿了或者累了？
2．She responded, “I'd rather stay_single to study all my life！”
她回答说：“我宁愿此生不婚也要学习！”
3．She immediately became the first woman ever to_be_hired as a resident physician in the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
课文 理解
Ⅰ.匹配段落大意
Para. 1 A．Dr Lin's work and further education.
Para. 2 B．Dr Lin worked all her life and always thought of others first.
Para. 3 C．Dr Lin's determination to study medicine.
Para. 4 D．Dr Lin would never refuse her patients' trust.
Para. 5 E．Dr Lin's private clinic and help to poor people in need of her help.
Para. 6 F．Dr Lin was more interested in tending her patients.
答案：Para. 1—D Para. 2—C Para. 3—A
Para. 4—E Para. 5—F Para. 6—B
Ⅱ.阅读课文选最佳选项
1．What can we learn from the second paragraph
A．Dr Lin married earlier.
B．Her mother complained about her learning medicine.
C．Her brother was against her studying medicine.
D．Dr Lin gave in to her brother.
答案：C
2．Dr Lin was really ________ in the field of medical research.
A．normal B．outstanding
C．ordinary D．traditional
答案：B
3．The following are all reasons why Dr Lin opened her own clinic EXCEPT ________.
A．to help those in need of help
B．to reduce costs for poor patients
C．to make some money to do other things
D．to continue her wish to treat patients
答案：C
4．What can we know about the life of Dr Lin
A．She had babies of her own.
B．She was interested in the positions in the government.
C．She devoted herself to the patients.
D．She built a kindergarten to help the poor.
答案：C
5．Which of the following can best describe Dr Lin
A．Warm hearted and careful.
B．Positive and confident.
C．Devoted and thankful.
D．Hard working and kind.
答案：D
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
When she was five years old, Lin Qiaozhi was 1.deeply(deep) affected by her mother's death. At age 18, she chose to study medicine instead of 2.following(follow) the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls. In 1929, Lin graduated 3.from Peking Union Medical College(PUMC). She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position 4.that/which usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years, she 5.was_sent(send) to study in Europe and then, in the US. She greatly impressed her American colleagues and was invited to stay. However, she rejected the offer. In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever 6.to_be_appointed(appoint) director of the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.Dr Lin opened a private clinic 7.to_help(help) people in need and charged very low fees and often reduced costs for poor patients. At times she was even seen 8.riding(ride) a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing 9.a key role. In 1954, she was elected to the first National People's Congress and held many important 10.positions(position)．
Though she never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
Ⅳ.佳句练习
1．找出描写林巧稚对工作无私奉献的句子并翻译
①She_charged_very_low_fees_to_treat_patients_and_often_reduced_costs_for_poor_patients.
翻译：她向病人收取的治疗费用极低，而且经常为穷苦病人减免费用。
②At_times_she_was_even_seen_riding_a_donkey_to_faraway_villages_to_provide_medical_care.
翻译：有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
③Since_she_had_no_children_of_her_own,_she_left_her_savings_to_a_kindergarten_and_a_fund_for_new_doctors.
翻译：由于没有自己的孩子，她把积蓄捐给了一家幼儿园和一项新医生基金。
2．完成下列佳句并背诵
①She responded, “I'd_rather_stay_single_to_study_all_my_life！”(would rather do sth.宁愿做某事)
她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！”
②She immediately became the first woman ever to_be_hired_as_a_resident_physician in the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(不定式短语作后置定语)
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
Ⅴ.解读——长句难句分析
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I'm cold, hungry, or tired
[句式分析] 此句是由and连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中包含“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义的用法；在第二个分句中，if引导的是条件状语从句，how could I refuse that trust为主句，saying...为现在分词作伴随状语。
[自主翻译] 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能辜负那种信任，说自己冷了、饿了或者累了？
2．“... Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.
[句式分析] 此句直接引语中的Finding a good husband为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词为should_be；thinking of...是现在分词短语作原因状语。
[自主翻译] “……找到一个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的哥哥一想到高额的学费就这么抱怨。
3．Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position that usually took four years to achieve.
[句式分析] 此句是复合句。a chief resident physician和a position为同位语关系，that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，不能省略。
[自主翻译] 不到六个月，她就成了住院主任医师，而升任这一职位通常需要四年。
4．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
[句式分析] 此句是复合句。Though引导让步状语从句；having delivered...为现在分词的完成式，在句中作原因状语。
[自主翻译] 虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生亲手接生了五万多名婴儿。
词汇 精讲
1．carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
[教材原句] These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices. 林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
[归纳拓展]
(1)carry on with/doing sth. 继续做某事
(2)carry out 实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等)
carry off 赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等)
be/get carried away变得很激动；失去自制力
carry through 完成；渡过难关
carry forward推进，弘扬
[佳句背诵]
It was my confidence, together with the skills you taught me that carried me through the challenging exam.
是我的信心，加上你教给我的技巧，帮助我通过这次有挑战性的考试。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①It's a difficult job but she's the person to carry it through.
②He didn't make any comments on the reason why he couldn't carry on the conversation.
③Under the guidance of his teacher, he carried off the first prize in the spoken English contest.
完成语段
④Although it was difficult for the twins to carry_out_their plan to cook a Mother's Day breakfast, they carried it off at last. The moment the mother saw the breakfast, she immediately was/got_carried_away,_ with her eyes glittering with happiness. The delicious breakfast carried them back_to their past sweet times they spent together.
尽管对于这对双胞胎来说实施做一顿母亲节早餐的计划很难，但他们最终成功地完成了。母亲一看到早餐，立即变得很激动，她的眼睛闪烁着幸福的光芒。美味的早餐使他们回想起了过去一起度过的甜蜜时光。
2．majority n．大部分；大多数
[教材原句] At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to work and study. 在18岁时，她选择了工作和学习，而不是像大多数女孩一样走上传统的婚姻之路。
[归纳拓展]
(1)a/the majority of 大多数
be in a/the majority 构成大多数/大部分
(2)major vi.专修；主攻 adj.主要的
major in 主修
(3)minority n．少数；少数派/人
in the minority 占少数
[佳句背诵]
However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
然而，大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。
(1)当a/the majority of...作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。
(2)当the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数都可以。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①With the prices going up, the majority(major) of people find it hard to live on the amount of money they get.
②The majority of the damage is(be) easy to repair.
③What subject did you major in when you were in the university
完成句子
④Young people are_in_the_majority at the meeting.
这次会议年轻人占了多数。
3．complain vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚；投诉
[教材原句] “Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees. “为什么女孩子要学这么多？找到一个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的哥哥一想到高额的学费就这么抱怨。
[归纳拓展]
(1)complain (to sb.) of/about sth./doing sth. (向某人)投诉/抱怨某事；(向某人)发牢骚
complain (to sb.) that... (向某人)抱怨……
(2)complaint n．抱怨；投诉；控告
make a complaint about/of sth. 抱怨/投诉某事
make a complaint to sb.向某人抱怨/投诉
[佳句背诵]
My teachers didn't seem to notice, probably because I didn't ever complain or ask for help.
我的老师似乎没有注意到，可能是因为我从来没有抱怨或寻求帮助。
complain不能直接跟人作宾语，应加介词to。类似的词还有explain(解释，说明)、announce(宣告)、apologise(道歉)等。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①She complained to us that no one had been at the airport to meet her.
②He even faced complaints(complain) from his family while away to protect wetland.
③He came to realize that instead of complaining(complain) about the raw materials, he should pay more attention to improving his skills.
一句多译
我写信是投诉你们酒店的服务不好。
④I'm writing to make_a_complaint_about/of the poor service of your hotel. (complaint)
⑤I'm writing to complain_about/of the poor service of your hotel. (complain)
4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应
[教材原句] She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life！” 她回答说：“我宁愿此生不婚也要学习！”
[归纳拓展]
(1)respond to sth. 对……做出反应/回答
(2)response n．回答；反应
in response to 对……做出反应
make (a) response to 回答/响应……；对……做出反应
make no response to... 对……不做出反应
[佳句背诵]
Millions of people gave freely in response to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake.
为响应救济地震灾民的呼吁，几百万人慷慨相助。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①I would be grateful if you could respond to my message at your earliest convenience.
＝ I would be grateful if you could make a response (respond) to my message at your earliest convenience.
②He made no response(respond) to my suggestion，which made me very disappointed.
完成句子
③In_response_to the audience's great demand, the play will/would be put on in the theatre twice a week.
应观众的强烈要求，这部戏每周将会在这个剧院上演两次。
5．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用；抛弃；(因质量不好而)废弃
[教材原句] Dr Lin, however, rejected the offer. 然而，林医生拒绝了这个提议。
[归纳拓展]
(1)reject sb./sth. 拒绝某人/拒收或不予考虑某事
reject doing sth. 拒绝做某事
reject one's suggestion/demand/offer 拒绝某人的建议/要求/提议
(2)rejection n．拒绝，拒收
[佳句背诵]
They rejected his application for membership.
他们拒绝考虑他的成员资格申请。
reject之后为动词时只用doing作宾语。而refuse，decline后接不定式作宾语。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①To our anger, the boss rejected offering(offer) us any help.
②Her proposal met with continual rejections(reject)．
③Their spokesman refused to_comment(comment) on the allegations.
6．appoint vt.约定；指定(时间、地点等)，任命，委任
[教材原句] In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，but just a few months later, the department was closed because of the war. 1941年，林医生被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任，成为该院第一位中国女主任。但仅仅几个月后，该科室因为战争而关闭。
[归纳拓展]
(1)appoint sb. as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
appoint sth. for sth. 为某事确定日期或场所等
(2)appointment n．任命；约会
make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约定
keep/break an appointment 守约/违约
(3)appointed adj.指定的；确定
[佳句背诵]
A chance came recently when Taylor was appointed to help in a New York emergency room for weeks.
最近，泰勒被委派到纽约一家急诊室帮忙数周的机会到了。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Learning that you are appointed as chairman of the Student Council, I am writing to send my sincere congratulations to you.
②In some cases people have had to wait several weeks for an appointment(appoint)．
完成句子
③He has_been_appointed_as/to_be president and CEO of the big company.
他已被任命为这家大公司的总裁兼首席执行官。
④If you want to see the doctor, you'd better make_an_appointment with him in advance.
如果你想看医生，你最好提前和他预约。
7．in need of 需要
[教材原句] Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. 想到所有那些仍然需要帮助的人，林医生开了一家私人诊所。
[归纳拓展]
in need 在困难中；在危急中
There is no need for sth. 不需要某物。
There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事
[佳句背诵]
The gentleman never fails to help whoever is in need of help.
这位绅士总是帮助需要帮助的人。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①In a word, we should offer our help and love to the persons in need.
②Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help.
完成句子
③There's_no_need_for you to be concerned about his future.
你没有必要担心他的未来。
8．charge vt.&vi.收费；控诉；充电；猛冲
n．费用；主管
[教材原句] She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. 她向病人收取的治疗费用极低，而且经常为穷苦病人减免费用。
[归纳拓展]
(1)charge (sb.) for sth. 为……(向某人)收费；要价
charge sb. with sth. (＝accuse sb. of sth.)指控某人某事
(2)in charge 主管；看管
in charge of 负责；主管(表示主动)；照料
in sb.'s charge＝in the charge of sb. 由……主管(含被动意义)
take charge of 掌管；控制
free of charge 免费
(3)charger n．充电
[佳句背诵]
The owner charged us $50,000 for his old house.
房主向我们要价五万美元卖他的旧房子。
in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人负责(主管)某事”；in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某物由某人主管”。
[巧学活用]
写出下列句中charge的词性和含义
①The man they arrested last night has been charged with murder.vt.指控
②What did he charge for the repairs？vt.收费
③He forgot to charge the battery.vt.充电
④The files were left in your charge.n.负责
⑤We charged at the enemy.vi.猛冲
完成句子
⑥The restaurant charged us $40 for the wine.
这家餐厅收了我们40美元的酒水钱。
9．elect vt.选举；推选
[教材原句] In 1954, she was elected to the first National People's Congress and, over the next several decades，she held many important positions. 1954年，她被选为第一届全国人民代表大会代表，在接下来的几十年里，她担任了许多重要的职务。
[归纳拓展]
(1)elect to do sth. 选择/决定做某事
elect sb. to sth. 把某人选入……
elect sb.(to be/as)＋职务(职务、官衔作同位语、补语、表语时前不加冠词)“选某人作……”
(2)election n．选举
run for election 参加竞选
win/lose an election当选/落选
[佳句背诵]
The country is about to take a radical departure by electing a woman as its new president.
这个国家即将进行一场彻底的变革，选举一位女性为其新总统。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①It's almost certain that he will be_elected(elect) chairman of the Student Union.
②We were surprised at his failure in the election(elect)．
完成句子
③All the students elected_Tom_as/to_be_monitor of our class.
所有的学生都选举汤姆作为我们班的班长。
④She elected_to_return to work after her baby was born.
她决定孩子出生后再回到工作岗位。
10．tend vi.趋于；倾向 vt.照顾；照料
[教材原句] She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctor. 她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代的医生。
[归纳拓展]
(1)tend to do sth. 往往……；趋向于……
tend (to) sb./sth. 照顾……；看护……
tend towards/to 有……倾向
(2)tendency n．倾向；趋势
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
There is a tendency that 有一种倾向……
[佳句背诵]
For years he tended her in her painful illness.
多年来她一直受到病痛的折磨，都是他在照料。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Some think that a woman's body cells have a tendency to_age (age) more slowly than a man's.
②There is a tendency(tend) that a growing number of high school students are extending their knowledge during their spare time.
完成句子
③We tend_to_make_mistakes when writing English compositions, so I am writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing.
我们往往在写英语作文时犯错误，所以我写信邀请你给我们作—个关于英语写作的在线讲座。
④Although many doctors tended_(to) Tom, he passed away because of overwork.
尽管有许多医生护理汤姆，但他还是因劳累过度而去世了。
⑤His views tend_towards/to the extreme.
他的观点趋于偏激。
11．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
[教材原句] She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions. 她在面试时非常害怕，以至于完全忘了该如何回答问题。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be scared to death 吓得要死
be scared of sth./sb. 害怕……
be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事
(2)scare sb. into doing sth. 吓得某人做……
scare sb. out of doing sth. 吓得某人不敢做……
scare sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
scare sb. away/off 把某人吓跑
(3)scary adj.可怕的；恐怖
[佳句背诵]
Although he was scared to death，Mac struggled to crawl up and threw his bicycle at the scary wolf with all his strength. Fortunately, the wolf was scared away, but he was still in a state of shock.
虽然被吓得要死，麦克还是挣扎着爬起来用尽全力把他的自行车扔向那只吓人的狼。幸运的是，狼被吓跑了，但是他仍然惊魂未定。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①Jim was scared to__see/of_seeing(see) a car hit a tree, turn upside down and end up in a field by the road.
完成句子
②They managed to scare the bears away/off.
他们设法把熊吓跑了。
③When the other passengers were_scared_to_death,_that child was completely calm and unafraid.
当其他乘客都被吓得要死时，那孩子却十分冷静，毫不畏惧。
④My colleague Jane was very brave, but she was_scared_of the doctor.
我的同事简很勇敢，但她害怕医生。
12．replace vt.取代；更换；接替；放回原处
[教材原句] The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary. 学生会将在一月召开一次特别会议，选举一人接替秘书。
[归纳拓展]
(1)replace sb./sth.＝take the place of sb./sth. 取代某人/某物
replace sth. with/by sth. 用……替换……
replace... as... 取代……而成为……
(2)replacement n．更换；更替；更换的人/物
(3)in place of sb.＝in one's place 代替某人
take one's place＝take the place of sb. 代替某人
[佳句背诵]
In order to save his pocket money to replace his old bike, he had been packing sandwiches to school for the last three months.
为了省下零花钱来换他的旧自行车，他在过去的三个月里一直带着三明治去学校。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①He was still usually on the bench, being just a replacement(replace), which was really tough on him.
②I'm going to replace my old car with/by a new one.
③It is generally believed that teachers will never be_replaced(replace) by/with computers in class.
句式 精析
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I'm cold, hungry, or tired？[教材原句]
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能辜负那种信任，说自己冷了、饿了或者累了？
[句式分析]
本句中的“nothing... more precious than... ”为形容词的比较级与否定代词nothing连用，表示最高级的含义。此用法的常用否定词有no、not、never、hardly、nothing、nobody等。
[归纳拓展]
表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：
(1)nothing/no(否定词)＋so＋原级＋as...
(2)nothing/no(否定词)＋比较级＋than...
(3)can/could＋never/not... enough/too...
(4)比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
(5)比较级＋than＋(all) the other＋复数名词
(6)比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
(7)比较级＋than＋anyone/anything els
[佳句背诵]
Her millions of fans can't get enough of her.
数以百万计的粉丝对她爱不释手。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①As far as I'm concerned, nothing_is_more_important_than health.
就我个人而言，没有什么比健康更重要的了。
②I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never been to a more_exciting one before.
我在昨晚的聚会上玩得很开心，因为我从未去过比这更令人兴奋的聚会。
③In the face of disasters, nothing_is_more_precious_than human lives.
在灾难面前，没有什么比人的生命更珍贵。
2．She responded, “I'd rather stay single to study all my life！”[教材原句]
她回答说：“我宁愿此生不婚也要学习！”
[句式分析]
would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
[归纳拓展]
(1)would rather not do宁愿不做……
(2)
(3)would rather＋从句
[佳句背诵]
He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①I would rather die than apologise_to_her.
我宁愿死也不会给她道歉。
②I would_rather_he_went_home now.
我宁愿他现在就回家。
③I would_rather_you_had_stayed at home last night.
我宁愿你昨天晚上待在家里。
3．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.[教材原句]
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
[句式分析]
中心词是序数词或被序数词限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。句中to be hired作后置定语，修饰被序数词限定的中心词woman。
[归纳拓展]
英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要有：
(1)被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词时。
(3)抽象名词time，way，ability，reason，chance，courage，opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。
(4)不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语。
[佳句背诵]
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个到，最后一个离开。
若不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman to_travel in space.
刘洋是第一位进入太空的中国女性。
②The next thing to_do is relax yourself completely.
下一步要做的事情是完全放松你自己。
③[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]In my opinion, randomly pairing up students can't improve their oral English and after all, the ability to_speak_English varies from person to person.
在我看来，随机配对学生并不能提高他们的英语口语，毕竟，说英语的能力因人而异。
④There is no doubt that he is the best person to_be responsible for the job.
毫无疑问，他是负责这项工作的最佳人选。
达标 练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The great majority(大多数) of people seem to agree with this view.
2．Data showed that companies were struggling to hire(雇用) employees as labor market supply could not meet demand.
3．He has been appointed(委派) to lead the review, which is due to report back in September.
4．The group elected(选举) one of its members to be their spokesperson.
5．After I retire(退休) I wish to spend the rest of my life in the countryside.
6．Hearing the sudden shot, the little boy was almost scared(害怕的) to death.
7．You must be very careful with this sharp(锋利的) knife.
8．But being rejected(拒绝) doesn't mean someone isn't liked or valued.
9．Many people have described television as a passive(被动的) activity that is harmful to children's education.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be responsible for； in need of； replace... with； appoint...as； complain about； in the majority
1．Our classmates who prefer to hold a party for him are in_the_majority.
2．He always complains_about his noisy neighbours.
3．The politician was_appointed_as the Minister of Finance.
4．The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.
5．In my opinion, not you but he is_responsible_for the accident.
6．Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students in_need_of financial aid.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．How did she respond_to the news
她对那个消息有什么反应？
2．Teachers will never_be_replaced by computers in the classroom.
课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
3．Parents are_responsible_for their children's safety.
父母应负责子女的安全。
4．During the work, nothing is better_than having some considerate colleagues.
在工作中，没有什么比有一些体贴的同事更好的了。
5．I would_rather_do it without anybody's help.
我宁愿自己干而不用任何人帮助。
6．Wang Yaping is the first Chinese female astronaut to_step_out_of the space capsule.
王亚平是第一位走出太空舱的中国女航天员。
课时作业(六) Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.词汇语境练
1．They are always complaining(抱怨) about their difficulties.
2．Don't underestimate (低估) him.After all, he won a scholarship(奖学金) to University of Cambridge.
3．Let me give another example to illustrate (阐明) the challenges he is faced with.
4．If Peter keeps wasting his precious(珍贵的) time like this, he will get in trouble.
5．He was faced with the dilemma(两难处境) of whether to stay at school or get a job.
6．To be frank, the five sisters have overcome great difficulty to get their happiness and marriage(marry)．
7．The majority(major) of our class agreed with the monitor and decided to visit the Great Wall.
8．She had a tendency(tend) to talk fast when she was nervous.
9．The outline of the trees sharpened(sharp) as it grew lighter.
10．She made no response(respond) in time, which made me very angry.
Ⅱ.固定用法练
1．Thinking of the wolf's bloody mouth, Mac was nearly scared to death.
2．Only when you are in good health can you carry on studying.
3．The principle captured our attention and helped carry us through diversity.
4．Kids who have happy character tend to_be (be) less passive and less addicted to drinking or smoking.
5．The research, published(publish) online, reflected that after one year of musical training, children did better in a memory test.
6．In principle, the new software makes our work easier.
7．The majority of land has_been_destroyed (destroy) by the flood so far but courage and confidence will help the villagers carry themselves through.
8．The salesman made no response to our complaints about the firecrackers.
9．After being appointed as manager of the company, Tom spared no effort to improve commercial profits.
10．The best way to_travel(travel) is to take a high speed train.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Many years ago, when we were a young couple with two small children, aged 2 and 4, we were practically impecunious. My parents in law lived from hand to mouth, so we didn't expect any help from them. My parents lived a great distance away, and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation.
My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pick up truck, carrying groceries for local shopkeepers, but it was constantly breaking down. It took almost all the money we had to have it fixed. The truck was also the only means of transportation for us.
We lived in the countryside, and we always used the back door because the driveway led to it. One winter evening, I stepped outside to take a bag of trash to the barrel and almost tripped over something. It was nearly dark, and I had to bend down to see what it was. I could hardly believe my eyes. There sat a large basket loaded with food.
It was heavy, so I called my husband to carry it into the house. Once inside, we discovered two loaves of bread, some butter, several cans of vegetables, a can of orange sauce, and a large turkey. There was so much that I couldn't remember it all, but it was everything we needed to fix a wonderful dinner—everything except potatoes.
A little while later I remembered that I hadn't taken the trash to the barrel. By now it was dark, so I had to turn on the yard light—and that's when I spotted a small bag of potatoes sitting on the porch.
That dinner was the best I could remember.
We weren't able to thank our donators, though, because we never found out who had been so generous in helping a struggling young family. Whoever it was, we are forever grateful.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，很多年前，“我们”生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。
1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “impecunious” in Paragraph 1
A．Generous. B．Cautious.
C．Stubborn. D．Penniless.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“My parents lived a great distance away, and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation.”可知，“我”的父母住在很远的地方，“我”羞于让他们知道“我们”的处境；结合该段中的“when we were a young couple with two small children, aged 2 and 4, we were practically impecunious”可知，“我们”是有着两个孩子的年轻夫妻，据此可以推知，“我们”的日子过得相当贫穷，因此才会羞于让远方的父母知道“我们”的情况。据此可以判断，画线词词义为“身无分文的”。故选D项。
答案：D
2．How did the author's husband support the family
A．By selling food door to door.
B．By delivering goods.
C．By starting a garage.
D．By working as a shop assistant.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pick up truck，carrying groceries for local shopkeepers”可知，“我”的丈夫用一辆旧卡车为当地的店主送货来谋生，故选B项。
答案：B
3．How did the author feel when she saw the basket
A．She was annoyed.
B．She was terrified.
C．She was astonished.
D．She felt a sense of relief.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“I could hardly believe my eyes. There sat a large basket loaded with food.”可知，看到一篮子的食物，“我”几乎不能相信自己的眼睛，据此可以判断，作者很惊讶，故选C项。
答案：C
4．What may be the best title for the text
A．A Struggling Young Couple
B．A Tale of Potatoes
C．A Helping Hand in Time
D．A Reward from a Stranger
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货来谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。据此可以判断，C项最能概括文意，体现文章主旨，故选C项。
答案：C
Ⅳ.七选五
Most Valuable Possessions on Earth
Marie was a single mother of two children in a rural Missouri community. __1__ She also dedicated much spare time to numerous charities and community projects.
Then one day Marie received some shocking news from her doctor. She had cancer, and it was spreading rapidly. __2__
Soon, Marie witnessed what she had always known: although she was not financially wealthy, she already had the most valuable possessions on earth. Hundreds in her community and surrounding areas teamed up to help her and her family.
Many people she had touched in caring ways demonstrated(表达) appreciation for Marie's life. __3__ However, she lived long enough to feel the love of those she had cheerfully served.
The spirits of love and gratitude multiply(增加) when they are shared. __4__ Giving selflessly was a value that Marie displayed all her life, and her spirit of giving lived after her in those who knew and loved her.
All her life, Marie had demonstrated the truth of this simple principle：__5__ Rather, it is an attitude that comes from appreciating what we already have. We can find the happiness we seek if we will first share it with others. Then—and only then—we will have the most valuable possessions on earth: love, happiness, and increasing gratitude.
A．Happiness is the result of sharing love and gratitude.
B．She worked full time during the day and sold handcrafted leather gifts on weekends.
C．She lived a rather poor and hard life with the two children.
D．Marie didn't live to see the day when her bills were fully paid.
E．Love is second to none.
F．She had barely enough resources to put a cent in the medical treatments she would need.
G．Happiness will not come from worldly possessions of fortune.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过玛丽的故事说明幸福是分享爱和感恩的结果，而不仅仅是来自物质财富。
1．解析：根据后句“She also dedicated much spare time to numerous charities and community projects.”可知，她也把许多空余时间用于大量的慈善事业和社区项目，由此推断该空应该介绍她平时做的工作，B项“她白天全职工作，周末卖手工制作的皮革礼物。”与下文语意衔接。故选B项。
答案：B
2．解析：根据前句“Then one day Marie received some shocking news from her doctor.She had cancer，and it was spreading rapidly.”可知，玛丽从她的医生那里得知她患有癌症，而且扩散得很快。由此判断后句应该和她对疾病的治疗有关，F项“她几乎没有足够的钱用于她需要的治疗。”可以承接上文。故选F项。
答案：F
3．解析：根据前句“Many people she had touched in caring ways demonstrated(表达) appreciation for Marie's life.”可知，许多她曾经关心过的人都表达了对玛丽生活的同情，而通过后句内容的转折可以推断，D项“玛丽没能活到账单全部付清的那一天。”符合语境。故选D项。
答案：D
4．解析：前句提到爱和感恩的精神，而后句是介绍无私奉献是玛丽一生所表现出的美德，她无私奉献的精神在她死后仍留存于那些认识她、爱她的人心中，由此推断该空内容应该与幸福、爱以及感恩有关。故判断A项符合语境。故选A项。
答案：A
5．解析：根据后句“Rather, it is an attitude that comes from appreciating what we already have.”可知，幸福是一种“感恩我们所拥有的”态度，而不是仅仅来自物质财富，故G项符合语境。故选G项。
答案：G
Ⅴ.完形填空
My parents never pushed higher education on me.
Growing up, I can't remember that college was ever __1__seriously. It came up in conversation now and then, but there was never any __2__that I would go. However, I wanted to__3__ my parents' fixed idea. I studied hard. I read and I wrote. I wanted to __4__college life. I was so determined (坚定的) to achieve the__5__.
My parents were poor, __6__I knew they wouldn't be able to pay for my college education. I had to__7__the problem on my own.
I had no__8__saved of my own, so I had to study hard to get scholarships. I didn't get high grades in all classes, but I got__9__grades in important classes. I was also very __10__in clubs and activities. I was in drama. I wrote for the newspaper. I worked for the school journal.
Most importantly, I realised it was __11__ to do well on the PSAT and the SAT in order to get scholarships. I tried my best to do well in these__12__. I applied for a ton of scholarships and __13__a few of them. __14__， I attended Willamette University in Salem for free.
I believe only I myself can__15__ my future.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过自己的努力，实现了上大学的梦想。
1．A.researched B．believed
C．discussed D．praised
解析：research研究；believe相信；discuss讨论；praise表扬。由下文“It came up in conversation now and then”可知，从小到大，作者都不记得跟父母认真讨论过大学问题，它只在聊天中偶尔被提及。故选C。
答案：C
2．A.expectation B．evidence
C．question D．doubt
解析：expectation期望；evidence证据；question问题；doubt怀疑。由上文提到的作者的父母从未强求作者接受高等教育、也没有认真讨论过大学问题可知，没有人期望作者去上大学。故选A。
答案：A
3．A.share B．explore
C．accept D．change
解析：share分享；explore探索；accept接受；change改变。由上文However和下文“I studied hard. I read and I wrote.”可知，上下文是转折关系，上文提到作者父母没有想过让作者上大学，此处指作者努力学习，是想要改变父母的这种固有观念。故选D。
答案：D
4．A.experience B．end
C．remember D．influence
解析：experience体验；end结束；remember记住；influence影响。由上文“I studied hard.I read and I wrote.”可知，作者努力学习是为了考上大学，体验大学生活。故选A。
答案：A
5．A.skill B．award
C．goal D．position
解析：skill技能；award奖项；goal目标；position位置。由上文“I wanted to __4__ college life.”可知，作者想体验大学生活，这是他的目标，结合上文提到他努力学习可知，他下定决心要实现这个目标。故选C。
答案：C
6．A.though B．so
C．when D．if
解析：though尽管；so因此；when当……时候；if如果。上下文是因果关系，应用so。故选B。
答案：B
7．A.point out B．set down
C．look into D．deal with
解析：point out指出；set down记下来；look into调查；deal with解决。由下文“the problem on my own”和上文提到的作者父母付不起大学学费可知，作者不得不自己解决这个问题。故选D。
答案：D
8．A.money B．time
C．work D．strength
解析：money钱；time时间；work工作；strength力气。由下文“saved of my own”和“get scholarships(共65张PPT)
综合微评(二)
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2门世2有
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