（期末培优卷）期末核心素养培优卷（含答案解析）-2024 - 2025学年八年级下册英语
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| 名称 | （期末培优卷）期末核心素养培优卷（含答案解析）-2024 - 2025学年八年级下册英语 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-06-03 11:37:54 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024 - 2025学年八年级下册英语鲁教版（五四学制）
期末核心素养培优卷
注意事项
1. 全卷满分100分。考试时间90分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。
2. 请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。
第一部分 选择题（满分：45分）
一、单项选择（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1．Mum went to the market for the ________ of buying some fresh vegetables.
A．treasure B．silence C．purpose D．choice
2．—________ made you decide to run a guest house in Dali,Yunnan Province
—Green mountains and blue waters. Every year many tourists come here for a visit.
A．Who B．How C．When D．What
3．The old man ________ for five years.
A．died B．has died C．has dead D．has been dead
4．—________ has your uncle been abroad
—For 5 years or so.
A．How far B．How soon C．How long D．How often
5．The pollution warns people that actions ________ be taken to protect the environment
A．may B．can C．would D．should
6．—________ did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu
—While we ________ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon.
A．While; have had B．When; were having C．Where; are having D．Who; have
7．Tourists can choose to visit Kunming ________ they like, spring, summer.
A．whoever B．whatever C．whenever D．wherever
8．Most of the earth’s surface ________with water.
A．is covered B．covers C．is grown D．grows
9．—Shelia, can you tell me ________ last weekend
—Sure. I went to the countryside.
A．where did you go B．where do you go C．where you went D．where you go
10．Some people think that robots ________ students with their homework in the future.
A．help B．helped C．will help D．have helped
11．Daming ______ an excuse for being late for the school this morning.
A．wrote about B．counted down C．made up D．dreamed of
12．The boy has no friends here, so he feels very ________.
A．relaxed B．lonely C．fantastic D．surprised
13．—I’m hungry. May I start now
—You’d better not. It is ________ to wait until everyone is ready.
A．polite B．cold C．exciting D．similar
14．—How do you ________ the exchange student since he has returned to his country
—By sending and receiving emails. And our friendship stays strong and true.
A．call on B．wait for C．dream of D．keep in touch with
15．—Why do you often move these flowers into the balcony after supper, Mum
—To ________ them from the cold outside.
A．produce B．provide C．protect D．present
二、完型填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
I’m a school student and I used to hate geography lessons. There are too 16 place names to remember and I found these lessons very 17 . Sometimes I even secretly 18 some other books in geography classes, 19 a family trip to Europe changed my attitude (态度) to geography lessons.
One day, we came to London. Dad said we would 20 the most famous river in England. Once I got close to the river, I was so 21 to see the clear water and the beautiful view (风景) on the banks of the river that I couldn’t 22 giving out a shout. “The Seine River (塞纳河) is a lot more beautiful than I 23 ,” I said. Then my Dad quickly walked over to me and 24 me away from the crowed. Very seriously, he told me, “We are now in 25 . This is River Thames (泰晤士河). The Seine River is in Paris.” My face went red immediately, and I hid my 26 in my hands. Then my dad said, “Listen to your teacher 27 in your geography class and next time you will be clear 28 these rivers in Europe.” I learned a good 29 from the trip and started 30 hard on geography.
16．A．many B．much C．more D．most
17．A．different B．boring C．short D．easy
18．A．watched B．read C．saw D．looked
19．A．and B．for C．but D．or
20．A．study B．visit C．cross D．leave
21．A．excited B．shy C．nervous D．clever
22．A．help B．enjoy C．stop D．forget
23．A．wrote B．suggested C．remembered D．expected
24．A．take B．to take C．took D．taken
25．A．Paris B．London C．Tokyo D．Sydney
26．A．hat B．map C．book D．face
27．A．politely B．busily C．carefully D．quickly
28．A．at B．about C．to D．with
29．A．plan B．class C．activity D．lesson
30．A．walk B．worked C．walking D．working
三、阅读单选（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
（A）
Here is a charity sale (义卖) for the kids in the mountain area. We’ll give away the money we raise in the charity e and see our things.
Mandy I’d like to sell some of my fictions. I started to buy fictions when I was twelve years old. My favorite fiction is Treasure Island. I believe anyone like me will learn a lot from this fiction. Each fiction only costs 20 dollars. You can get the second at half price.
Nick I have a music player. I have had it for half a year. It still works very well now. It stays with me whenever I feel sad. And I have downloaded some pop songs in it. I hope it can be with you when you are unhappy. It cost 180 dollars. Now, you can take it for 60 dollars.
Jason I have some soft toys to sell. The toy bear is my fourteen-year-old birthday present. I have had it for one year. It still looks very new. Its original (原始的) price is 50 dollars. You only need to pay 15 dollars for it now. Other toys are very new but cheap, too.
31．Who may get the money raised from the charity sale
A．A disabled kid in the hospital.
B．A poor family with three kids.
C．A poor kid in the mountain area.
32．Nancy will pay ________ dollars if she buys two books from Mandy.
A．twenty B．thirty C．forty
33．What may Nick do when he is unhappy
A．Read fictions. B．Listen to music. C．Play with toys.
34．The underlined word “downloaded” in this passage means “________” in Chinese.
A．下载 B．演唱 C．制作
35．Which of the following is NOT true
A．We can buy the toy bear at half price.
B．Mandy has learned a lot from Treasure Island.
C．The three kids sell different things.
（B）
Trip 1 Luoji Mountain Bring your strong shoes for the hiking in a beautiful area of Luoji Mountain. You can find many kinds of wild flowers in this area. Time: July 23— July 26 Tel: 3598432 Adult: $120.00 Child: $60.00
Trip 2 Beihai Park This is a beautiful park with different kinds of plants. Take your digital camera and enjoy the great sights here. It is a good place for fishing. Time: July 21—July 22 Tel: 3597543 Adult: $20.00 Child: Free
Trip 3 The Big Valley Put on your warm clothes, and come for a night walk along the Big Valley. Many of the animals you will see on this trip can only be seen at night. Time: July 15—July 21 Tel: 3497243 Adult: $180.00 Not for children
Trip 4 The Beautiful Lugu Lake Wear your sun hat and enjoy wonderful sunshine, you can take the boat to different islands for sightseeing. Time: July 20—July 29 Tel: 3497432 Adult: $200.00 Child: $100.00
36．Nick has a vacation for 2 days. He can go ______.
A．hiking in the mountain B．fishing in the park
C．swimming in the lake D．boating in the lake
37．Mr. and Mrs. King want to stay in Luoji Mountain with their seven-year-old son and eleven-year-old daughter. They need to pay ______ for the trip.
A．$240 B．$300 C．$360 D．$430
38．Lily likes the animals which can only be seen at night. Which of the following is her best choice
A．Trip 1. B．Trip 2. C．Trip 3. D．Trip 4.
39．You’d better take ______ for the sightseeing in Trip 2.
A．a sun hat B．a digital camera C．warm clothes D．strong shoes
40．This passage is probably from a ______.
A．Newspaper B．Story book C．Magazine D．Guide book
（C）
Shaolin Temple is in Henan Province, China. People founded (建立) Shaolin Temple in the 5th century. It is well-known for its Chinese martial arts (武术) and Shaolin Kung fu.
Do you know where Shaolin Kungfu comes from
In the year 527, an Indian monk (和尚) named Bodhidharma went to Shaolin Temple. He found the monks there were weak so he decided to teach them Kung fu to keep their bodies strong.
At the end of Sui Dynasty, some Shaolin monks helped Li Shimin win a war (战争). In return for that, he gave a lot of land to the temple. After that, Shaolin Temple and Shaolin Kung fu became famous all over China.
Not all emperors liked Kungfu. During the Qing Dynasty, the emperors stopped Shaolin monks from studying Shaolin Kung fu, so many monks had to leave the temple for different places. During that time, they saw many new kinds of Kung fu and studied them. At last, all these new ideas changed and developed Shaolin Kung fu a lot. But until now, Shaolin Kung fu is still the largest and most famous Kung fu in China. Shaolin monks want people to know about their Kung fu. It is said that al Kung fu comes from Shaolin and Shaolin Kung fu is the best.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
41．When did people found Shaolin Temple
A．In the 5th century. B．At the end of Sui Dynasty.
C．In the year 527. D．During the Qing Dynasty.
42．Why did Bodhidharma teach Shaolin monks Kung fu
A．Because he wanted to make them strong. B．Because he wanted to make Kung fu popular.
C．Because he wanted to get money. D．Because he wanted to help them fight.
43．Who did the Shaolin monks help win a war at the end of Sui Dynasty
A．Bodhidharma. B．An Indian monk. C．Li Shimin. D．All emperors.
44．Which of the following is true
A．All emperors liked Shaolin Kung fu.
B．The monks developed Shaolin Kung fu a lot after leaving the temple.
C．Now Chinese people don’t like Shaolin Kung fu.
D．Shaolin monks didn’t want people to know about their Kung fu.
45．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．how to practice Shaolin Kung fu B．the history of Shaolin Kung fu
C．why Li Shimin won the war D．the name of Shaolin Kung fu
第二部分 非选择题（满分：55分）
四、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
46．The boy doesn’t show good manners to others. He is (polite)
47．Don’t be angry with Tom. He is just a (direction) boy.
48．It’s necessary for volunteers (receive) training before doing the tasks.
49．Xiaomi (expect) to sell a large number of SU7 cars in the coming months by Lei Jun this year.
50．He made an excuse for his mistake to avoid (punish).
51．Cotton is the most popular (材料) used in clothing because it’s natural and inexpensive.
52．Mr. Wei is a very (幽默的) teacher and we all like his class.
53．We should be careful enough to (避免) making the same mistakes (错误).
54．I want to solve the problem by (直接的) discussion with them.
55．Doing housework like cooking and cleaning helps us learn (基础的) skills.
五、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
56．中国因悠久的历史和丰富的文化而众所周知。
China is its long history and rich culture.
57．对于苏珊而言，吉米是一位多么忠诚的朋友啊！
Jimmy is for Susan!
58．周一至周五，吉米会带苏珊去学校。
Susan to school by Jimmy from Monday to Friday.
59．我一生中最初的20年曾经生活在那座城市。
I live in that city for the first twenty years of my life.
60．玲玲是一个非常活跃的女孩。她喜欢做许多运动。
Lingling is a very girl. She likes playing lots of sports.
六、短文语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
Oil paper umbrellas have a history of over 1,000 years in China. Once people used them 61 (wide). However, as umbrellas with metal ribs (金属伞骨) became more popular in the last century, people used the hand-made umbrellas less in everyday life.
Yuhang in Hangzhou is famous 62 making oil paper umbrellas for over 230 years. Umbrellas here take more than 70 63 (step) to make, such as making bamboo ribs and pasting (糊) papers. It takes at least a week to make 64 umbrella. Each umbrella has 36 ribs, so they are strong. In 2007, this kind of umbrella came into Zhejiang province’s intangible cultural heritage list (非物质文化遗产名录).
In 2015, Liu Weixue 65 (leave) a well-paid job to learn from his grandfather the art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas. “I want to bring the art to life. ”Liu said. “When it 66 (rain), someone uses the umbrella—that’s what I want to see. ”
After learning the skills well, Liu opened a workroom 67 improved the umbrellas to win the hearts of young people. Because the traditional paper was easy to break, he used 68 (thick) paper than before. His umbrellas could open and close 1,000 times without 69 (break). He also used a lighter kind of bamboo to make ribs. So, the umbrella weigh less.
In 2017, Liu opened an online shop to sell umbrellas. It now has more than 80,000 fans. But to keep the quality (质量), 70 (he) workroom makes only 1,000 umbrellas each year. He hopes the art can be passed on.
七、材料作文（本大题共20分）
71．暑假即将来临，很多同学已经开始计划如何度过一个有意义的暑假。假如你是李华，请你以“How to Spend a Safe and Meaningful Holiday”为话题给你的好友Mike回信。
要点如下：1. 尝试做一些志愿者工作，提高自理能力。
2. 保护自己，远离河流等危险的地方。
3. 多读书、锻炼，合理饮食。
注意：1. 词数80—100。
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。
4. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：志愿者工作 volunteer work；提高自理能力 develop self-care abilities
Dear Mike,
How are you going I’m writing to tell you how I will spend a safe and meaningful holiday.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How will you spend your holiday I am looking forward to your letter.
Yours,
Li Hua
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．C
【解析】句意：妈妈去市场买些新鲜蔬菜。
考查名词辨析。treasure宝藏；silence沉默；purpose目的；choice选择。根据“Mum went to the market for the...of buying some fresh vegetables.”可知买新鲜蔬菜是妈妈去市场的目的。故选C。
2．D
【解析】句意：——是什么让你决定在云南省大理开一家招待所的？——青山碧水。每年都有许多游客来参观。
考查特殊疑问句。Who谁；How如何；When什么时候；What什么。根据“Green mountains and blue waters. Every year many tourists come here for a visit”可知，因为这里山清水秀的自然条件，让受访者决定开一家招待所，应用what，故选D。
3．D
【解析】句意：那位老人已经去世五年了。
考查现在完成时。die去世，是瞬间性动词；dead死亡的，是形容词，不能单独作谓语，排除C项；be dead去世，是延续性动词。根据“for five years”可知，此处与时间段连用，用延续性动词，用现在完成时，故选D。
4．C
【解析】句意：——你叔叔出国多久了？——大约5年。
考查特殊疑问词辨析。How far多远，询问距离；How soon多快，多久之后，询问将来的时间；How long多长时间，询问时间段；How often多久一次，询问频率。根据答语“For 5 years or so”可知，表达的是一个时间段，应用How long提问。故选C。
5．D
【解析】句意：污染警告人们应该采取行动保护环境。
考查情态动词。may可以；can能够；would将会；should应该。根据“The pollution warns people”可知，污染警告人们应该保护环境。故选D。
6．B
【解析】句意：——刘老师，暴风雨是什么时候来的？——昨天下午我们上化学课的时候。
考查特殊疑问句和时态。根据“While we...a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon.”可知，问句询问的是暴风雨到来的时间，应用特殊疑问词when；根据“while”和“yesterday afternoon”可知，第二空应该用过去进行时“was/were doing”。故选B。
7．C
【解析】句意：游客可以选择在他们喜欢的任何时候去昆明旅游，春天、夏天。
考查连词辨析。whoever无论谁；whatever无论什么；whenever无论何时；wherever无论何地。根据“spring, summer...”可知是说时间，故选C。
8．A
【解析】句意：地球的大多数表面被水覆盖。
考查被动语态。根据“surface”可知，主语与谓语是被动关系，需要被动语态，陈述的是事实，因此是一般现在时的被动语态，故选A。
9．C
【解析】句意：——Shelia，你能告诉我你上周末去了哪里吗？——当然。我去了乡下。
考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据“Shelia, can you tell me...last weekend ”可知，此处是宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述句语序“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”，所以排除选项A和B；根据“last weekend”可知，宾语从句用一般过去时，排除选项D。故选C。
10．C
【解析】句意：一些人认为机器人在未来会帮助学生做作业。
考查时态。help一般现在时；helped一般过去时；will help一般将来时；have helped现在完成时。根据“Some people think that robots...students with their homework in the future.”可知，空处所在的句子为宾语从句，遵循“主现从不限”的原则，主句为一般现在时，从句的时态要根据实际情况来确定；根据“in the future”可知，此处从句的时态用一般将来时态，结构是will do。故选C。
11．C
【解析】句意：大明今天早上编造了一个迟到的借口。
考查动词短语辨析。wrote about 写关于……的内容；counted down倒计时；made up编造；dreamed of 梦想。根据“an excuse for being late for the school”可知，空处指“编造借口”，需用“make up an excuse”，故选C。
12．B
【解析】句意：这个男孩在这里没有朋友，所以他感到很孤独。
考查形容词词义辨析。relaxed放松的；lonely孤独的；fantastic极好的；surprised惊讶的。根据“The boy has no friends here”可知，此处指感到孤独的。故选B。
13．A
【解析】句意：——我饿了。我现在可以开始吗？——你最好别。等到每个人都准备好了再开始是有礼貌的。
考查形容词辨析。polite有礼貌的；cold寒冷的；exciting令人兴奋的；similar相似的。根据“You’d better not. It is…to wait until everyone is ready.”可知，等所有人准备好再开始是礼貌的行为，故选A。
14．D
【解析】句意：——交换生回国后，你如何与他保持联系？——通过收发电子邮件。我们的友谊永远牢固而真实。
考查动词短语辨析。call on拜访；wait for等待；dream of梦想；keep in touch with与……保持联系。根据“By sending and receiving emails”可知，询问保持联系的方式，故选D。
15．C
【解析】句意：——妈妈，为什么你经常在晚饭后把这些花搬到阳台上？——为了保护它们不受外面的寒冷影响。
考查动词辨析。produce生产；provide提供；protect保护；present呈现。根据“Why do you often move these flowers into the balcony after supper”和“ them from the cold outside”可知，搬花是为了保护它们不受寒冷影响，故选C。
16．A 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．B 21．A 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者通过一次旅行明白了地理课的重要性。
16．句意：这里有太多的地名需要记住。
many许多；much许多；more更多；most最多。根据“place names”可知，应用too many“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。故选A。
17．句意：我发现这些课程很无聊。
different不同的；boring枯燥的；short短的；easy简单的。根据“There are ... place names to remember”可知，因为要记很多地名，所以地理课很无聊，故选B。
18．句意：有时我甚至在地理课上偷偷地读一些其他的书，但一次欧洲家庭旅行改变了我对地理课的态度。
watched观看；read阅读；saw看见；looked看。根据“ some other books”可知，看一些其他的书应用read。故选B。
19．句意：有时我甚至在地理课上偷偷地读一些其他的书，但一次欧洲家庭旅行改变了我对地理课的态度。
and和；for为了；but但是；or或者。根据“a family trip to Europe changed my attitude (态度) to geography lessons.”可知，与前文内容是转折关系，用表示转折的连词but连接。故选C。
20．句意：爸爸说我们要去参观英国最有名的河。
study学习；visit参观；cross穿过；leave离开。根据“the most famous river in England”可知，是参观最著名的河流，故选B。
21．句意：当我走近河，我是如此兴奋地看到清澈的水和美丽的景色的河岸，我忍不住发出了一个大的呼喊：“塞纳河比我想象的更美丽”。
excited激动的，兴奋的；shy害羞的，腼腆的；nervous紧张的；clever聪明的。根据“see the clear water and the beautiful view”可知，作者看到美丽的景色感到兴奋，故选A。
22．句意：当我走近河，我是如此兴奋地看到清澈的水和美丽的景色的河岸，我忍不住发出了一个大的呼喊：“塞纳河比我想象的更美丽”。
help帮助；enjoy享受；stop停止；forget忘记。can’t help doing“情不自禁做某事”，故选A。
23． 句意：当我走近河，我是如此兴奋地看到清澈的水和美丽的景色的河岸，我忍不住发出了一个大的呼喊：“塞纳河比我想象的要漂亮得多”。
wrote写；suggested建议；remembered记住；expected期待。根据“The Seine River is a lot more beautiful”可知，河流比作者原本期待的还要美，故选D。
24．句意：然后我爸爸迅速走向我，把我从人群中带走。
take带走，原形；to take动词不定式；took过去式；taken过去分词；根据“my dad quickly walked over to me”可知，空处的时态为一般过去时，应用take的过去式took。故选C。
25． 句意：他非常严肃地告诉我，“我们现在在伦敦。”
Paris巴黎；London伦敦；Tokyo东京；Sydney悉尼。根据“This is River Thames.”及生活常识可知，泰晤士河在英国，故选B。
26．句意：我的脸立刻变红了，我用手捂着脸。
hat帽子；map地图；book书；face脸。根据上文内容可知，作者把泰晤士河喊成了塞纳河，所以是对于自己的错误行为感到羞愧，因此是用手捂着脸；故选D。
27． 句意：爸爸说：“在地理课上认真听老师讲课，下次你就会清楚欧洲的这些河流了。”
politely礼貌地；busily忙碌地；carefully仔细地；quickly快速地。根据“Listen to your teacher”可知，上课认真听讲，故选C。
28．句意：爸爸说：“在地理课上认真听老师讲课，下次你就会清楚欧洲的这些河流了。”
at在；about关于；to对于；with和……一起。be clear about“对……清楚”，故用about；故选B。
29．句意：我从这次旅行中学到了一个很好的教训，开始努力学习地理。
plan计划；class班级；activity活动；lesson教训。根据“from the trip”可知，从此次旅行中得到了一个很好的教训，故选D。
30．句意：我从这次旅行中学到了一个很好的教训，开始努力学习地理。
walk走路，动词原形；worked工作，过去式；walking步行，动名词；working工作，动名词。start doing sth“开始做某事”，故用动词的ing形式；根据“hard on geography”可知，此处指努力学习地理，应用working。故选D。
31．C 32．B 33．B 34．A 35．A
【导语】本文介绍了一个为山区贫困儿童举办的义卖活动，具体介绍了义卖的物品。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Here is a charity sale (义卖) for the kids in the mountain area.”可知，山区的贫困孩子将会得到此次义卖筹集到的钱。故选C。
32．推理判断题。根据Mandy的描述“Each fiction only costs 20 dollars. You can get the second at half price.”可知，每本小说20美元，第二本半价即10美元，所以两本书一共需要30美元。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据Nick的描述“It stays with me whenever I feel sad. And I have downloaded some pop songs in it.”可知，当Nick不开心时，他可能会听音乐。故选B。
34．词义猜测题。根据“I have downloaded some pop songs in it.”可知，downloaded在这里指的是下载音乐。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据Jason的描述“Its original (原始的) price is 50 dollars. You only need to pay 15 dollars for it now.”可知，玩具熊现在的价格是15美元，不是半价。所以A选项表述错误，故选A。
36．B 37．C 38．C 39．B 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四条旅行线路，具体包括景点特色、旅行时间、联系方式和票价。
36．推理判断题。根据“Trip 2 Beihai Park”、“It is a good place for fishing.”及“Time: July 21—July 22”可知，北海公园是一个钓鱼的好地方，时间是七月二十一、二十二日两天。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据“Trip 1 Luoji Mountain ”和“Adult: $120.00 Child: $60.00”可知，成人票价120美元，儿童票价60美元，两个成人两个小孩子：120*2+60*2＝360。故选C。
38．推理判断题。根据“Trip 3 The Big Valley”和“Many of the animals that you will see on this trip can only be seen at night.”可知，大峡谷有许多在夜间才可以看到的动物。因此她可以去大峡谷，大峡谷之旅对应的是Trip 3。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据“Trip 2 Beihai Park”里的“Take your digital camera and enjoy the great sights here.”可知，在北海公园观光，最好带上照相机。故选B。
40．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了四则旅游信息，说明了每天旅行旅行路线，具体包括景点特色、旅行时间、联系方式和票价。据此判断本文可能来自旅游指南。故选D。
41．A 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．B
【导语】本文介绍了中国少林功夫的历史。
41．细节理解题。根据“Shaolin Temple is in Henan Province, China. People founded (建立) Shaolin Temple in the 5th century.”可知，少林寺创建于5世纪。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据“He found the monks there were weak so he decided to teach them Kung fu to keep their bodies strong.”可知，和尚们很虚弱，为了让他们的身体强壮，因此菩提达摩教他们功夫。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据“At the end of Sui Dynasty, some Shaolin monks helped Li Shimin win a war (战争).”可知，少林和尚们帮助李世民打了胜仗。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据“During the Qing Dynasty, the emperors stopped Shaolin monks from studying Shaolin Kung fu, so many monks had to leave the temple for different places. During that time, they saw many new kinds of Kung fu and studied them. At last, all these new ideas changed and developed Shaolin Kung fu a lot.”可知，并不是所有的皇帝都喜欢功夫，在清朝，皇帝阻止僧人学习功夫，僧人们不得不离开寺庙到其他的地方，在那期间他们看到不同种类的功夫并且学习它们，以此改进少林功夫。故选B。
45．主旨大意题。根据“It is well-known for its Chinese martial arts (武术) and Shaolin Kung fu.”并结合全文可知，本文介绍了少林功夫的历史。故选B。
46．impolite
【解析】句意：这个男孩对别人没有表示好的礼节。他很不礼貌。根据“The boy doesn’t show good manners to others. He is…”及提示词可知，空处指的是不礼貌，形容词impolite“不礼貌的”，在句子中作表语。故填impolite。
47．direct
【解析】句意：别生汤姆的气。他只是个直率的男孩。根据“He is just a…boy.”及提示词可知，空处表达为直率的男孩，形容词direct“直率的”作定语，修饰名词boy。故填direct。
48．to receive
【解析】句意：志愿者们在进行任务之前让接受训练是有必要的。根据句意和句子结构可知，本题考查It is + 形容词 + (for sb) to do sth.“做某事对某人来说是……的”，It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。所以，此空须填receive的动词不定式形式to receive。故填to receive。
49．is/was expected
【解析】句意：雷军今年预计，小米将在未来几个月销售大量SU7汽车。主语与动词expect是被动关系，时态可以是一般现在时也可以是一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词用is/was，is/was expected符合句意，故填is/was expected。
50．being punished/punishment/punishments
【解析】句意：他为自己的错误找了个借口以避免被惩罚。avoid后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。根据句意可知，此处表示“被惩罚”，故用being done形式。也可用名词形式，punishment作“惩罚”讲时，可数或不可数皆可。故填being punished/punishment(s)。
51．material
【解析】句意：棉花是最受欢迎的服装材料，因为它是天然的，便宜的。“材料”material，is后跟单数名词。故填material。
52．humorous
【解析】句意：魏老师是个很幽默的老师，我们都喜欢他的课。根据“Mr. Wei is a very…teacher and we all like his class.”及汉语提示可知，空处表达为形容词幽默的，其英文表达为humorous，在句子中作定语修饰名词teacher。故填humorous。
53．avoid
【解析】句意：我们应该足够小心，避免犯同样的错误。根据汉语提示“避免”可知，其对应的英文表达是avoid。动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填avoid。
54．direct
【解析】句意：我想通过与他们直接讨论来解决问题。“直接的”为direct，形容词在句中作定语，故填direct。
55．basic
【解析】句意：做家务，比如做饭和打扫卫生，有助于我们学习基础技能。“基础的”的英文表达是basic，形容词。故填basic。
56．famous for/known for
【解析】结合中英文提示可知，此处缺少be famous/known for“因……而出名”，故填famous/known for。
57．What a loyal friend
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处符合What感叹句结构：What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语。loyal“忠诚的”，形容词，以辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a；friend“朋友”。故填What；a；loyal；friend。
58．is taken
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，主语是Susan，动词需要用被动语态，表示“被带去学校”。结合时间状语“from Monday to Friday”可知，句子使用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“is/am/are + 过去分词”。因此，正确答案是“is taken”。故填is；taken。
59．used to
【解析】根据中英文对比可知，曾经做某事：used to do sth，故填used；to。
60．active/lively
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“活跃的”，其英文表达为active或lively，形容词，在此处作定语修饰名词girl。故填active/lively。
61．widely 62．for 63．steps 64．an 65．left 66．rains 67．and 68．thicker 69．breaking 70．his
【导语】本文主要讲述了油纸伞的传承人——刘伟学是如何通过自己的努力将这项艺术发扬光大。
61．句意：曾经人们广泛地使用它们。根据“Once people used them…”以及提示词可知，此处应用副词修饰动词used。故填widely。
62．句意：余杭因制作油纸伞而闻名。根据“Yuhang in Hangzhou is famous…making oil paper umbrellas for over 230 years.”可知，此处为固定短语be famous for意为“因……而出名”，用介词for表示。故填for。
63．句意：制作伞需要超过70个步骤。根据“Umbrellas here take more than 70…to make”以及提示词可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填steps。
64．句意：制作一把伞至少需要一周时间。根据“It takes at least a week to make…umbrella.”可知，此处用不定冠词表示泛指，umbrella以元音音素开头，用an修饰。故填an。
65．句意：2015年，刘伟学离开了一份高薪工作。根据“In 2015, Liu Weixue…a well-paid job to learn from his grandfather the art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas.”以及提示词可知，此处时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填left。
66．句意：当下雨时，有人使用这把伞。根据“When it…someone uses the umbrella—that’s what I want to see.”以及提示词可知，此处为一般现在时，主语为It，动词用三单形式。故填rains。
67．句意：刘开了一个工作室并改进了伞。根据“Liu opened a workroom…improved the umbrellas to win the hearts of young people.”可知，开工作室和改进伞是紧密相连的两个动作，用and来连接。故填and。
68．句意：因为传统的纸容易破，他使用了比以前更厚的纸。根据“he used…paper than before.”以及提示词可知，此处用形容词比较级来修饰名词paper，意为更厚的纸。故填thicker。
69．句意：他的伞可以开合1000次而不破。根据“His umbrellas could open and close 1,000 times without…”以及提示词可知，此处动词位于介词without后，应用动名词形式。故填breaking。
70．句意：为了保持质量，他的工作室每年只制作1000把伞。根据“But to keep the quality (质量)…workroom makes only 1,000 umbrellas each year.”以及提示词可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰workroom，表示他的工作室。故填his。
71．例文：
Dear Mike,
How are you going I’m writing to tell you how I will spend a safe and meaningful holiday.
First, I think you should try some volunteer work. It’s a great way to develop our self-care abilities. We could do something at a local community center or help clean up a nearby park. This will teach us a lot. Second, safety is important. We should stay away from dangerous places like rivers. Last, don’t forget to read more books. Reading books and exercising are good for our minds and bodies. We also should eat healthy food.
In a word, let’s make sure to enjoy a safe and meaningful holiday.
How will you spend your holiday I am looking forward to your letter.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】[总体分析]
①体裁：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文；
②时态：一般现在时；
③提示：写作要点已给出，应注意不要遗漏题干给出的要点，适当增加细节，灵活运用恰当的句型，使行文流畅自然。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表达问候，表达对暑假的规划；
第二步，详细谈谈如何度过一个有意义的暑假，列举有意义的活动；
第三步，总结并表达期望。
[亮点词汇]
①stay away from远离
②be good for对……有好处
③eat healthy food吃健康的食物
[高分句型]
①It’s a great way to develop our self-care abilities.（it固定句型）
②Reading books and exercising are good for our minds and bodies.（动名词短语作主语）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024 - 2025学年八年级下册英语鲁教版（五四学制）
期末核心素养培优卷
注意事项
1. 全卷满分100分。考试时间90分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。
2. 请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。
第一部分 选择题（满分：45分）
一、单项选择（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1．Mum went to the market for the ________ of buying some fresh vegetables.
A．treasure B．silence C．purpose D．choice
2．—________ made you decide to run a guest house in Dali,Yunnan Province
—Green mountains and blue waters. Every year many tourists come here for a visit.
A．Who B．How C．When D．What
3．The old man ________ for five years.
A．died B．has died C．has dead D．has been dead
4．—________ has your uncle been abroad
—For 5 years or so.
A．How far B．How soon C．How long D．How often
5．The pollution warns people that actions ________ be taken to protect the environment
A．may B．can C．would D．should
6．—________ did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu
—While we ________ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon.
A．While; have had B．When; were having C．Where; are having D．Who; have
7．Tourists can choose to visit Kunming ________ they like, spring, summer.
A．whoever B．whatever C．whenever D．wherever
8．Most of the earth’s surface ________with water.
A．is covered B．covers C．is grown D．grows
9．—Shelia, can you tell me ________ last weekend
—Sure. I went to the countryside.
A．where did you go B．where do you go C．where you went D．where you go
10．Some people think that robots ________ students with their homework in the future.
A．help B．helped C．will help D．have helped
11．Daming ______ an excuse for being late for the school this morning.
A．wrote about B．counted down C．made up D．dreamed of
12．The boy has no friends here, so he feels very ________.
A．relaxed B．lonely C．fantastic D．surprised
13．—I’m hungry. May I start now
—You’d better not. It is ________ to wait until everyone is ready.
A．polite B．cold C．exciting D．similar
14．—How do you ________ the exchange student since he has returned to his country
—By sending and receiving emails. And our friendship stays strong and true.
A．call on B．wait for C．dream of D．keep in touch with
15．—Why do you often move these flowers into the balcony after supper, Mum
—To ________ them from the cold outside.
A．produce B．provide C．protect D．present
二、完型填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
I’m a school student and I used to hate geography lessons. There are too 16 place names to remember and I found these lessons very 17 . Sometimes I even secretly 18 some other books in geography classes, 19 a family trip to Europe changed my attitude (态度) to geography lessons.
One day, we came to London. Dad said we would 20 the most famous river in England. Once I got close to the river, I was so 21 to see the clear water and the beautiful view (风景) on the banks of the river that I couldn’t 22 giving out a shout. “The Seine River (塞纳河) is a lot more beautiful than I 23 ,” I said. Then my Dad quickly walked over to me and 24 me away from the crowed. Very seriously, he told me, “We are now in 25 . This is River Thames (泰晤士河). The Seine River is in Paris.” My face went red immediately, and I hid my 26 in my hands. Then my dad said, “Listen to your teacher 27 in your geography class and next time you will be clear 28 these rivers in Europe.” I learned a good 29 from the trip and started 30 hard on geography.
16．A．many B．much C．more D．most
17．A．different B．boring C．short D．easy
18．A．watched B．read C．saw D．looked
19．A．and B．for C．but D．or
20．A．study B．visit C．cross D．leave
21．A．excited B．shy C．nervous D．clever
22．A．help B．enjoy C．stop D．forget
23．A．wrote B．suggested C．remembered D．expected
24．A．take B．to take C．took D．taken
25．A．Paris B．London C．Tokyo D．Sydney
26．A．hat B．map C．book D．face
27．A．politely B．busily C．carefully D．quickly
28．A．at B．about C．to D．with
29．A．plan B．class C．activity D．lesson
30．A．walk B．worked C．walking D．working
三、阅读单选（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
（A）
Here is a charity sale (义卖) for the kids in the mountain area. We’ll give away the money we raise in the charity e and see our things.
Mandy I’d like to sell some of my fictions. I started to buy fictions when I was twelve years old. My favorite fiction is Treasure Island. I believe anyone like me will learn a lot from this fiction. Each fiction only costs 20 dollars. You can get the second at half price.
Nick I have a music player. I have had it for half a year. It still works very well now. It stays with me whenever I feel sad. And I have downloaded some pop songs in it. I hope it can be with you when you are unhappy. It cost 180 dollars. Now, you can take it for 60 dollars.
Jason I have some soft toys to sell. The toy bear is my fourteen-year-old birthday present. I have had it for one year. It still looks very new. Its original (原始的) price is 50 dollars. You only need to pay 15 dollars for it now. Other toys are very new but cheap, too.
31．Who may get the money raised from the charity sale
A．A disabled kid in the hospital.
B．A poor family with three kids.
C．A poor kid in the mountain area.
32．Nancy will pay ________ dollars if she buys two books from Mandy.
A．twenty B．thirty C．forty
33．What may Nick do when he is unhappy
A．Read fictions. B．Listen to music. C．Play with toys.
34．The underlined word “downloaded” in this passage means “________” in Chinese.
A．下载 B．演唱 C．制作
35．Which of the following is NOT true
A．We can buy the toy bear at half price.
B．Mandy has learned a lot from Treasure Island.
C．The three kids sell different things.
（B）
Trip 1 Luoji Mountain Bring your strong shoes for the hiking in a beautiful area of Luoji Mountain. You can find many kinds of wild flowers in this area. Time: July 23— July 26 Tel: 3598432 Adult: $120.00 Child: $60.00
Trip 2 Beihai Park This is a beautiful park with different kinds of plants. Take your digital camera and enjoy the great sights here. It is a good place for fishing. Time: July 21—July 22 Tel: 3597543 Adult: $20.00 Child: Free
Trip 3 The Big Valley Put on your warm clothes, and come for a night walk along the Big Valley. Many of the animals you will see on this trip can only be seen at night. Time: July 15—July 21 Tel: 3497243 Adult: $180.00 Not for children
Trip 4 The Beautiful Lugu Lake Wear your sun hat and enjoy wonderful sunshine, you can take the boat to different islands for sightseeing. Time: July 20—July 29 Tel: 3497432 Adult: $200.00 Child: $100.00
36．Nick has a vacation for 2 days. He can go ______.
A．hiking in the mountain B．fishing in the park
C．swimming in the lake D．boating in the lake
37．Mr. and Mrs. King want to stay in Luoji Mountain with their seven-year-old son and eleven-year-old daughter. They need to pay ______ for the trip.
A．$240 B．$300 C．$360 D．$430
38．Lily likes the animals which can only be seen at night. Which of the following is her best choice
A．Trip 1. B．Trip 2. C．Trip 3. D．Trip 4.
39．You’d better take ______ for the sightseeing in Trip 2.
A．a sun hat B．a digital camera C．warm clothes D．strong shoes
40．This passage is probably from a ______.
A．Newspaper B．Story book C．Magazine D．Guide book
（C）
Shaolin Temple is in Henan Province, China. People founded (建立) Shaolin Temple in the 5th century. It is well-known for its Chinese martial arts (武术) and Shaolin Kung fu.
Do you know where Shaolin Kungfu comes from
In the year 527, an Indian monk (和尚) named Bodhidharma went to Shaolin Temple. He found the monks there were weak so he decided to teach them Kung fu to keep their bodies strong.
At the end of Sui Dynasty, some Shaolin monks helped Li Shimin win a war (战争). In return for that, he gave a lot of land to the temple. After that, Shaolin Temple and Shaolin Kung fu became famous all over China.
Not all emperors liked Kungfu. During the Qing Dynasty, the emperors stopped Shaolin monks from studying Shaolin Kung fu, so many monks had to leave the temple for different places. During that time, they saw many new kinds of Kung fu and studied them. At last, all these new ideas changed and developed Shaolin Kung fu a lot. But until now, Shaolin Kung fu is still the largest and most famous Kung fu in China. Shaolin monks want people to know about their Kung fu. It is said that al Kung fu comes from Shaolin and Shaolin Kung fu is the best.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
41．When did people found Shaolin Temple
A．In the 5th century. B．At the end of Sui Dynasty.
C．In the year 527. D．During the Qing Dynasty.
42．Why did Bodhidharma teach Shaolin monks Kung fu
A．Because he wanted to make them strong. B．Because he wanted to make Kung fu popular.
C．Because he wanted to get money. D．Because he wanted to help them fight.
43．Who did the Shaolin monks help win a war at the end of Sui Dynasty
A．Bodhidharma. B．An Indian monk. C．Li Shimin. D．All emperors.
44．Which of the following is true
A．All emperors liked Shaolin Kung fu.
B．The monks developed Shaolin Kung fu a lot after leaving the temple.
C．Now Chinese people don’t like Shaolin Kung fu.
D．Shaolin monks didn’t want people to know about their Kung fu.
45．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．how to practice Shaolin Kung fu B．the history of Shaolin Kung fu
C．why Li Shimin won the war D．the name of Shaolin Kung fu
第二部分 非选择题（满分：55分）
四、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
46．The boy doesn’t show good manners to others. He is (polite)
47．Don’t be angry with Tom. He is just a (direction) boy.
48．It’s necessary for volunteers (receive) training before doing the tasks.
49．Xiaomi (expect) to sell a large number of SU7 cars in the coming months by Lei Jun this year.
50．He made an excuse for his mistake to avoid (punish).
51．Cotton is the most popular (材料) used in clothing because it’s natural and inexpensive.
52．Mr. Wei is a very (幽默的) teacher and we all like his class.
53．We should be careful enough to (避免) making the same mistakes (错误).
54．I want to solve the problem by (直接的) discussion with them.
55．Doing housework like cooking and cleaning helps us learn (基础的) skills.
五、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
56．中国因悠久的历史和丰富的文化而众所周知。
China is its long history and rich culture.
57．对于苏珊而言，吉米是一位多么忠诚的朋友啊！
Jimmy is for Susan!
58．周一至周五，吉米会带苏珊去学校。
Susan to school by Jimmy from Monday to Friday.
59．我一生中最初的20年曾经生活在那座城市。
I live in that city for the first twenty years of my life.
60．玲玲是一个非常活跃的女孩。她喜欢做许多运动。
Lingling is a very girl. She likes playing lots of sports.
六、短文语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
Oil paper umbrellas have a history of over 1,000 years in China. Once people used them 61 (wide). However, as umbrellas with metal ribs (金属伞骨) became more popular in the last century, people used the hand-made umbrellas less in everyday life.
Yuhang in Hangzhou is famous 62 making oil paper umbrellas for over 230 years. Umbrellas here take more than 70 63 (step) to make, such as making bamboo ribs and pasting (糊) papers. It takes at least a week to make 64 umbrella. Each umbrella has 36 ribs, so they are strong. In 2007, this kind of umbrella came into Zhejiang province’s intangible cultural heritage list (非物质文化遗产名录).
In 2015, Liu Weixue 65 (leave) a well-paid job to learn from his grandfather the art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas. “I want to bring the art to life. ”Liu said. “When it 66 (rain), someone uses the umbrella—that’s what I want to see. ”
After learning the skills well, Liu opened a workroom 67 improved the umbrellas to win the hearts of young people. Because the traditional paper was easy to break, he used 68 (thick) paper than before. His umbrellas could open and close 1,000 times without 69 (break). He also used a lighter kind of bamboo to make ribs. So, the umbrella weigh less.
In 2017, Liu opened an online shop to sell umbrellas. It now has more than 80,000 fans. But to keep the quality (质量), 70 (he) workroom makes only 1,000 umbrellas each year. He hopes the art can be passed on.
七、材料作文（本大题共20分）
71．暑假即将来临，很多同学已经开始计划如何度过一个有意义的暑假。假如你是李华，请你以“How to Spend a Safe and Meaningful Holiday”为话题给你的好友Mike回信。
要点如下：1. 尝试做一些志愿者工作，提高自理能力。
2. 保护自己，远离河流等危险的地方。
3. 多读书、锻炼，合理饮食。
注意：1. 词数80—100。
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。
4. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：志愿者工作 volunteer work；提高自理能力 develop self-care abilities
Dear Mike,
How are you going I’m writing to tell you how I will spend a safe and meaningful holiday.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How will you spend your holiday I am looking forward to your letter.
Yours,
Li Hua
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．C
【解析】句意：妈妈去市场买些新鲜蔬菜。
考查名词辨析。treasure宝藏；silence沉默；purpose目的；choice选择。根据“Mum went to the market for the...of buying some fresh vegetables.”可知买新鲜蔬菜是妈妈去市场的目的。故选C。
2．D
【解析】句意：——是什么让你决定在云南省大理开一家招待所的？——青山碧水。每年都有许多游客来参观。
考查特殊疑问句。Who谁；How如何；When什么时候；What什么。根据“Green mountains and blue waters. Every year many tourists come here for a visit”可知，因为这里山清水秀的自然条件，让受访者决定开一家招待所，应用what，故选D。
3．D
【解析】句意：那位老人已经去世五年了。
考查现在完成时。die去世，是瞬间性动词；dead死亡的，是形容词，不能单独作谓语，排除C项；be dead去世，是延续性动词。根据“for five years”可知，此处与时间段连用，用延续性动词，用现在完成时，故选D。
4．C
【解析】句意：——你叔叔出国多久了？——大约5年。
考查特殊疑问词辨析。How far多远，询问距离；How soon多快，多久之后，询问将来的时间；How long多长时间，询问时间段；How often多久一次，询问频率。根据答语“For 5 years or so”可知，表达的是一个时间段，应用How long提问。故选C。
5．D
【解析】句意：污染警告人们应该采取行动保护环境。
考查情态动词。may可以；can能够；would将会；should应该。根据“The pollution warns people”可知，污染警告人们应该保护环境。故选D。
6．B
【解析】句意：——刘老师，暴风雨是什么时候来的？——昨天下午我们上化学课的时候。
考查特殊疑问句和时态。根据“While we...a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon.”可知，问句询问的是暴风雨到来的时间，应用特殊疑问词when；根据“while”和“yesterday afternoon”可知，第二空应该用过去进行时“was/were doing”。故选B。
7．C
【解析】句意：游客可以选择在他们喜欢的任何时候去昆明旅游，春天、夏天。
考查连词辨析。whoever无论谁；whatever无论什么；whenever无论何时；wherever无论何地。根据“spring, summer...”可知是说时间，故选C。
8．A
【解析】句意：地球的大多数表面被水覆盖。
考查被动语态。根据“surface”可知，主语与谓语是被动关系，需要被动语态，陈述的是事实，因此是一般现在时的被动语态，故选A。
9．C
【解析】句意：——Shelia，你能告诉我你上周末去了哪里吗？——当然。我去了乡下。
考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据“Shelia, can you tell me...last weekend ”可知，此处是宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述句语序“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”，所以排除选项A和B；根据“last weekend”可知，宾语从句用一般过去时，排除选项D。故选C。
10．C
【解析】句意：一些人认为机器人在未来会帮助学生做作业。
考查时态。help一般现在时；helped一般过去时；will help一般将来时；have helped现在完成时。根据“Some people think that robots...students with their homework in the future.”可知，空处所在的句子为宾语从句，遵循“主现从不限”的原则，主句为一般现在时，从句的时态要根据实际情况来确定；根据“in the future”可知，此处从句的时态用一般将来时态，结构是will do。故选C。
11．C
【解析】句意：大明今天早上编造了一个迟到的借口。
考查动词短语辨析。wrote about 写关于……的内容；counted down倒计时；made up编造；dreamed of 梦想。根据“an excuse for being late for the school”可知，空处指“编造借口”，需用“make up an excuse”，故选C。
12．B
【解析】句意：这个男孩在这里没有朋友，所以他感到很孤独。
考查形容词词义辨析。relaxed放松的；lonely孤独的；fantastic极好的；surprised惊讶的。根据“The boy has no friends here”可知，此处指感到孤独的。故选B。
13．A
【解析】句意：——我饿了。我现在可以开始吗？——你最好别。等到每个人都准备好了再开始是有礼貌的。
考查形容词辨析。polite有礼貌的；cold寒冷的；exciting令人兴奋的；similar相似的。根据“You’d better not. It is…to wait until everyone is ready.”可知，等所有人准备好再开始是礼貌的行为，故选A。
14．D
【解析】句意：——交换生回国后，你如何与他保持联系？——通过收发电子邮件。我们的友谊永远牢固而真实。
考查动词短语辨析。call on拜访；wait for等待；dream of梦想；keep in touch with与……保持联系。根据“By sending and receiving emails”可知，询问保持联系的方式，故选D。
15．C
【解析】句意：——妈妈，为什么你经常在晚饭后把这些花搬到阳台上？——为了保护它们不受外面的寒冷影响。
考查动词辨析。produce生产；provide提供；protect保护；present呈现。根据“Why do you often move these flowers into the balcony after supper”和“ them from the cold outside”可知，搬花是为了保护它们不受寒冷影响，故选C。
16．A 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．B 21．A 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者通过一次旅行明白了地理课的重要性。
16．句意：这里有太多的地名需要记住。
many许多；much许多；more更多；most最多。根据“place names”可知，应用too many“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。故选A。
17．句意：我发现这些课程很无聊。
different不同的；boring枯燥的；short短的；easy简单的。根据“There are ... place names to remember”可知，因为要记很多地名，所以地理课很无聊，故选B。
18．句意：有时我甚至在地理课上偷偷地读一些其他的书，但一次欧洲家庭旅行改变了我对地理课的态度。
watched观看；read阅读；saw看见；looked看。根据“ some other books”可知，看一些其他的书应用read。故选B。
19．句意：有时我甚至在地理课上偷偷地读一些其他的书，但一次欧洲家庭旅行改变了我对地理课的态度。
and和；for为了；but但是；or或者。根据“a family trip to Europe changed my attitude (态度) to geography lessons.”可知，与前文内容是转折关系，用表示转折的连词but连接。故选C。
20．句意：爸爸说我们要去参观英国最有名的河。
study学习；visit参观；cross穿过；leave离开。根据“the most famous river in England”可知，是参观最著名的河流，故选B。
21．句意：当我走近河，我是如此兴奋地看到清澈的水和美丽的景色的河岸，我忍不住发出了一个大的呼喊：“塞纳河比我想象的更美丽”。
excited激动的，兴奋的；shy害羞的，腼腆的；nervous紧张的；clever聪明的。根据“see the clear water and the beautiful view”可知，作者看到美丽的景色感到兴奋，故选A。
22．句意：当我走近河，我是如此兴奋地看到清澈的水和美丽的景色的河岸，我忍不住发出了一个大的呼喊：“塞纳河比我想象的更美丽”。
help帮助；enjoy享受；stop停止；forget忘记。can’t help doing“情不自禁做某事”，故选A。
23． 句意：当我走近河，我是如此兴奋地看到清澈的水和美丽的景色的河岸，我忍不住发出了一个大的呼喊：“塞纳河比我想象的要漂亮得多”。
wrote写；suggested建议；remembered记住；expected期待。根据“The Seine River is a lot more beautiful”可知，河流比作者原本期待的还要美，故选D。
24．句意：然后我爸爸迅速走向我，把我从人群中带走。
take带走，原形；to take动词不定式；took过去式；taken过去分词；根据“my dad quickly walked over to me”可知，空处的时态为一般过去时，应用take的过去式took。故选C。
25． 句意：他非常严肃地告诉我，“我们现在在伦敦。”
Paris巴黎；London伦敦；Tokyo东京；Sydney悉尼。根据“This is River Thames.”及生活常识可知，泰晤士河在英国，故选B。
26．句意：我的脸立刻变红了，我用手捂着脸。
hat帽子；map地图；book书；face脸。根据上文内容可知，作者把泰晤士河喊成了塞纳河，所以是对于自己的错误行为感到羞愧，因此是用手捂着脸；故选D。
27． 句意：爸爸说：“在地理课上认真听老师讲课，下次你就会清楚欧洲的这些河流了。”
politely礼貌地；busily忙碌地；carefully仔细地；quickly快速地。根据“Listen to your teacher”可知，上课认真听讲，故选C。
28．句意：爸爸说：“在地理课上认真听老师讲课，下次你就会清楚欧洲的这些河流了。”
at在；about关于；to对于；with和……一起。be clear about“对……清楚”，故用about；故选B。
29．句意：我从这次旅行中学到了一个很好的教训，开始努力学习地理。
plan计划；class班级；activity活动；lesson教训。根据“from the trip”可知，从此次旅行中得到了一个很好的教训，故选D。
30．句意：我从这次旅行中学到了一个很好的教训，开始努力学习地理。
walk走路，动词原形；worked工作，过去式；walking步行，动名词；working工作，动名词。start doing sth“开始做某事”，故用动词的ing形式；根据“hard on geography”可知，此处指努力学习地理，应用working。故选D。
31．C 32．B 33．B 34．A 35．A
【导语】本文介绍了一个为山区贫困儿童举办的义卖活动，具体介绍了义卖的物品。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Here is a charity sale (义卖) for the kids in the mountain area.”可知，山区的贫困孩子将会得到此次义卖筹集到的钱。故选C。
32．推理判断题。根据Mandy的描述“Each fiction only costs 20 dollars. You can get the second at half price.”可知，每本小说20美元，第二本半价即10美元，所以两本书一共需要30美元。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据Nick的描述“It stays with me whenever I feel sad. And I have downloaded some pop songs in it.”可知，当Nick不开心时，他可能会听音乐。故选B。
34．词义猜测题。根据“I have downloaded some pop songs in it.”可知，downloaded在这里指的是下载音乐。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据Jason的描述“Its original (原始的) price is 50 dollars. You only need to pay 15 dollars for it now.”可知，玩具熊现在的价格是15美元，不是半价。所以A选项表述错误，故选A。
36．B 37．C 38．C 39．B 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四条旅行线路，具体包括景点特色、旅行时间、联系方式和票价。
36．推理判断题。根据“Trip 2 Beihai Park”、“It is a good place for fishing.”及“Time: July 21—July 22”可知，北海公园是一个钓鱼的好地方，时间是七月二十一、二十二日两天。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据“Trip 1 Luoji Mountain ”和“Adult: $120.00 Child: $60.00”可知，成人票价120美元，儿童票价60美元，两个成人两个小孩子：120*2+60*2＝360。故选C。
38．推理判断题。根据“Trip 3 The Big Valley”和“Many of the animals that you will see on this trip can only be seen at night.”可知，大峡谷有许多在夜间才可以看到的动物。因此她可以去大峡谷，大峡谷之旅对应的是Trip 3。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据“Trip 2 Beihai Park”里的“Take your digital camera and enjoy the great sights here.”可知，在北海公园观光，最好带上照相机。故选B。
40．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了四则旅游信息，说明了每天旅行旅行路线，具体包括景点特色、旅行时间、联系方式和票价。据此判断本文可能来自旅游指南。故选D。
41．A 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．B
【导语】本文介绍了中国少林功夫的历史。
41．细节理解题。根据“Shaolin Temple is in Henan Province, China. People founded (建立) Shaolin Temple in the 5th century.”可知，少林寺创建于5世纪。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据“He found the monks there were weak so he decided to teach them Kung fu to keep their bodies strong.”可知，和尚们很虚弱，为了让他们的身体强壮，因此菩提达摩教他们功夫。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据“At the end of Sui Dynasty, some Shaolin monks helped Li Shimin win a war (战争).”可知，少林和尚们帮助李世民打了胜仗。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据“During the Qing Dynasty, the emperors stopped Shaolin monks from studying Shaolin Kung fu, so many monks had to leave the temple for different places. During that time, they saw many new kinds of Kung fu and studied them. At last, all these new ideas changed and developed Shaolin Kung fu a lot.”可知，并不是所有的皇帝都喜欢功夫，在清朝，皇帝阻止僧人学习功夫，僧人们不得不离开寺庙到其他的地方，在那期间他们看到不同种类的功夫并且学习它们，以此改进少林功夫。故选B。
45．主旨大意题。根据“It is well-known for its Chinese martial arts (武术) and Shaolin Kung fu.”并结合全文可知，本文介绍了少林功夫的历史。故选B。
46．impolite
【解析】句意：这个男孩对别人没有表示好的礼节。他很不礼貌。根据“The boy doesn’t show good manners to others. He is…”及提示词可知，空处指的是不礼貌，形容词impolite“不礼貌的”，在句子中作表语。故填impolite。
47．direct
【解析】句意：别生汤姆的气。他只是个直率的男孩。根据“He is just a…boy.”及提示词可知，空处表达为直率的男孩，形容词direct“直率的”作定语，修饰名词boy。故填direct。
48．to receive
【解析】句意：志愿者们在进行任务之前让接受训练是有必要的。根据句意和句子结构可知，本题考查It is + 形容词 + (for sb) to do sth.“做某事对某人来说是……的”，It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。所以，此空须填receive的动词不定式形式to receive。故填to receive。
49．is/was expected
【解析】句意：雷军今年预计，小米将在未来几个月销售大量SU7汽车。主语与动词expect是被动关系，时态可以是一般现在时也可以是一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词用is/was，is/was expected符合句意，故填is/was expected。
50．being punished/punishment/punishments
【解析】句意：他为自己的错误找了个借口以避免被惩罚。avoid后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。根据句意可知，此处表示“被惩罚”，故用being done形式。也可用名词形式，punishment作“惩罚”讲时，可数或不可数皆可。故填being punished/punishment(s)。
51．material
【解析】句意：棉花是最受欢迎的服装材料，因为它是天然的，便宜的。“材料”material，is后跟单数名词。故填material。
52．humorous
【解析】句意：魏老师是个很幽默的老师，我们都喜欢他的课。根据“Mr. Wei is a very…teacher and we all like his class.”及汉语提示可知，空处表达为形容词幽默的，其英文表达为humorous，在句子中作定语修饰名词teacher。故填humorous。
53．avoid
【解析】句意：我们应该足够小心，避免犯同样的错误。根据汉语提示“避免”可知，其对应的英文表达是avoid。动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填avoid。
54．direct
【解析】句意：我想通过与他们直接讨论来解决问题。“直接的”为direct，形容词在句中作定语，故填direct。
55．basic
【解析】句意：做家务，比如做饭和打扫卫生，有助于我们学习基础技能。“基础的”的英文表达是basic，形容词。故填basic。
56．famous for/known for
【解析】结合中英文提示可知，此处缺少be famous/known for“因……而出名”，故填famous/known for。
57．What a loyal friend
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处符合What感叹句结构：What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语。loyal“忠诚的”，形容词，以辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a；friend“朋友”。故填What；a；loyal；friend。
58．is taken
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，主语是Susan，动词需要用被动语态，表示“被带去学校”。结合时间状语“from Monday to Friday”可知，句子使用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“is/am/are + 过去分词”。因此，正确答案是“is taken”。故填is；taken。
59．used to
【解析】根据中英文对比可知，曾经做某事：used to do sth，故填used；to。
60．active/lively
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“活跃的”，其英文表达为active或lively，形容词，在此处作定语修饰名词girl。故填active/lively。
61．widely 62．for 63．steps 64．an 65．left 66．rains 67．and 68．thicker 69．breaking 70．his
【导语】本文主要讲述了油纸伞的传承人——刘伟学是如何通过自己的努力将这项艺术发扬光大。
61．句意：曾经人们广泛地使用它们。根据“Once people used them…”以及提示词可知，此处应用副词修饰动词used。故填widely。
62．句意：余杭因制作油纸伞而闻名。根据“Yuhang in Hangzhou is famous…making oil paper umbrellas for over 230 years.”可知，此处为固定短语be famous for意为“因……而出名”，用介词for表示。故填for。
63．句意：制作伞需要超过70个步骤。根据“Umbrellas here take more than 70…to make”以及提示词可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填steps。
64．句意：制作一把伞至少需要一周时间。根据“It takes at least a week to make…umbrella.”可知，此处用不定冠词表示泛指，umbrella以元音音素开头，用an修饰。故填an。
65．句意：2015年，刘伟学离开了一份高薪工作。根据“In 2015, Liu Weixue…a well-paid job to learn from his grandfather the art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas.”以及提示词可知，此处时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填left。
66．句意：当下雨时，有人使用这把伞。根据“When it…someone uses the umbrella—that’s what I want to see.”以及提示词可知，此处为一般现在时，主语为It，动词用三单形式。故填rains。
67．句意：刘开了一个工作室并改进了伞。根据“Liu opened a workroom…improved the umbrellas to win the hearts of young people.”可知，开工作室和改进伞是紧密相连的两个动作，用and来连接。故填and。
68．句意：因为传统的纸容易破，他使用了比以前更厚的纸。根据“he used…paper than before.”以及提示词可知，此处用形容词比较级来修饰名词paper，意为更厚的纸。故填thicker。
69．句意：他的伞可以开合1000次而不破。根据“His umbrellas could open and close 1,000 times without…”以及提示词可知，此处动词位于介词without后，应用动名词形式。故填breaking。
70．句意：为了保持质量，他的工作室每年只制作1000把伞。根据“But to keep the quality (质量)…workroom makes only 1,000 umbrellas each year.”以及提示词可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰workroom，表示他的工作室。故填his。
71．例文：
Dear Mike,
How are you going I’m writing to tell you how I will spend a safe and meaningful holiday.
First, I think you should try some volunteer work. It’s a great way to develop our self-care abilities. We could do something at a local community center or help clean up a nearby park. This will teach us a lot. Second, safety is important. We should stay away from dangerous places like rivers. Last, don’t forget to read more books. Reading books and exercising are good for our minds and bodies. We also should eat healthy food.
In a word, let’s make sure to enjoy a safe and meaningful holiday.
How will you spend your holiday I am looking forward to your letter.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】[总体分析]
①体裁：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文；
②时态：一般现在时；
③提示：写作要点已给出，应注意不要遗漏题干给出的要点，适当增加细节，灵活运用恰当的句型，使行文流畅自然。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表达问候，表达对暑假的规划；
第二步，详细谈谈如何度过一个有意义的暑假，列举有意义的活动；
第三步，总结并表达期望。
[亮点词汇]
①stay away from远离
②be good for对……有好处
③eat healthy food吃健康的食物
[高分句型]
①It’s a great way to develop our self-care abilities.（it固定句型）
②Reading books and exercising are good for our minds and bodies.（动名词短语作主语）
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