专题09 根据首字母提示完成短文25篇-2024-2025年八年级英语下期期末高频易错考点专练（牛津译林版）(带参考答案详解）
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| 名称 | 专题09 根据首字母提示完成短文25篇-2024-2025年八年级英语下期期末高频易错考点专练（牛津译林版）(带参考答案详解） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-06-04 11:30:36 | ||
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备战2024-2025年八年级英语下期期末高频易错考点专练（牛津译林版）
专题09 根据首字母提示完成短文25篇
Passage1
（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
Big data (大数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put t 1 , so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answer or patterns (样本) in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources (来源), such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and governments. One set of data can have people’s n 2 and addresses. A 3 set can have what they like, where they study and how much time they s 4 on the computer.
Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people t 5 on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems b 6 . Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or panies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see w 7 people eat the most ice-cream.
Big data can be used for g 8 reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict (预测) if a baby who is born too early will get s 9 . The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict (预测) which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done a 10 wrong.
Passage2
（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
Many of you should hear of the book Tiangong Kaiwu. It is one of the greatest technological encyclopedias written in C 11 . But how much do you know about its author, Song Yingxing
Song was a great scientist d 12 the late Ming dynasty. He was born in 1587 and had a happy childhood. He and his brother Song Yingsheng went to school together. Song won third place w 13 Yingming won sixth in the provincial Imperial Exam (科举考试). Later, they took the national Imperial Exam, but they b 14 failed.
Song worked as a teacher for many years. Meanwhile, he took part in the national Imperial Exam for another four times. Unluckily, he never achieved s 15 . However, he learned about the technologies that were used in different fields on his repeated trips to the capital to take the exams. His wide k 16 made him finish writing Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s.
The book c 17 more than 130 technologies. There were also many illustrations (插图) to help with the understanding of the text. The book became popular soon a 18 it came out.
The Ming dynasty fell in 1644. They r 19 to work for the new Qing government. In his final years, he wrote many articles and poems against (反对) the new government.
Years later, some Qing officials found these articles and poems. They were so a 20 that they burned all of Song’s works. However, Tiangong Kaiwu had already spread to many other countries.
Passage3
（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
In recent years, it has become popular for women to wear a traditional qipao dress. Especially during the National College Entrance Examination, better k 21 as the “gaokao”, many mothers wear “qipao” to wish their children good l 22 in the exam.
The reason is that “qipao” stands for the Chinese phrase “qi kai de sheng”, m 23 victory. Some people believe the qipao came from gowns (长袍) w 24 by women in the Qing Dynasty. Influenced by Western c 25 , it changed continually during the early 20th century, becoming more fitted and body-hugging (贴身的).
After years of development, the qipao is now m 26 divided into Beijing styles, Shanghai styles and Hong Kong styles. There are many d 27 in color and design.
The Beijing-style qipao is more traditional than Shanghai-style and Hong Kong-style qipaos. The colours of Beijing-style qipaos are m 28 brighter. High-quality Beijing-style qipaos are usually made by hand, so the price is very h 29 .
The qipao is a very classic product to represent the beauty of traditional Chinese clothing. It shows not only the h 30 of the Han people, but also the footprints of other cultures on the land.
Passage4
（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据对话内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使对话完整。（每空一词）
The three girls were very kind to us. They p 31 a lovely dinner and gave us their bedrooms to sleep in. I felt really b 32 that the king and the duke were cheating (欺骗) them. I must do s 33 to stop them. So I put the bag of gold under Peter’s hands b 34 the coffin (棺材) were closed and taken to the graveyard.
Later the king and the duke organised a sale to get money. It was a 35 over when two people came: very nice-looking gentlemen, an old one and a younger one.
The old man began to s 36 . “I am Harvey Wilks and this is my brother William,” he said.
I wasn’t expecting this. The king wasn’t either, but he didn’t show his s 37 . He laughed and said, “They are telling a lie!” All the people shouted to agree e 38 Doctor Robinson and Levi Bell.
“We must find out the truth,” Levi Bell said. “Can you prove (证明) you are Peter Wilks’ brothers ”
The old gentleman t 39 for a moment. Then he turned to the king and said, “Peter had a tattoo on his chest. What was it ” The king’s face went p 40 and didn’t say anything for a few minutes.
Then he said, “I can tell you. It was a small blue arrow.”
— Taken from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Passage5
（23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）根据首字母提示写出文中所缺的单词。
Which animal do you think is the No. I pet in China, cats or dogs Many people think cats are the winners.
According to , the number of pet cats in China increased (增长) to 69.8 m 41 in 2023! It is higher than that of pet dogs in the same year.
Why do s 42 many people choose cats
Liu Lang, a 28-year-old policeman, thinks that looking after dogs is h 43 than cats. “Dogs n 44 walking every day. It is difficult, especially for young and middle-aged people with a lot of w 45 to do.” said Liu.
Keeping a cat also makes a difference to someone who lives a 46 . It brings companionship (陪伴) and joy. Chen Haoxing is a retired (退休的) worker. In his s 47 time, he often watches his cats play on the lawn. “They make my life m 48 fantastic.” he said.
However, some doctors warn that keeping cats may bring some t 49 . If some one is allergic (对……过敏的) to cat hair, it is dangerous for him to stay w 50 a cat. Moreover, if someone has difficulty in sleeping at night, the meow (喵喵叫) of a cat can be very disturbing (烦扰人的).
So, which animal would you like to keep
Passage6
（23-24八年级下·江苏连云港·期末）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
The UK is a country with good manners. How can you behave properly as a stranger in the UK Here is some u 51 information for you.
British people usually say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the f 52 time. They only greet relatives or c 53 friends with a kiss. They like to start a conversation with s 54 like the weather, holidays, music or books. They avoid t 55 about age, weight or money.
In public, British people always keep their voice down instead of shouting or laughing l 56 . If you’re in their way, they’ll say “e 57 me” and be polite enough to wait till you move. British people are p 58 at home too. They say “please” or “thank you” all the time. Instead of saying “no”, they often say “I’m all right, thank you” when they want to r 59 something.
Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” When we are in a s 60 place, we should try to understand and respect (尊重) the local culture.
Passage7
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
The Chinese character Fu is a necessity in Spring Festival celebrations. Nowadays, Fu, as a cultural sign, e 61 people’s best wishes for the coming year. Yet, in the past, the character mainly meant luck and fortune.
The tradition (传统) of sticking the character Fu on w 62 and doors has been around for a long time. It’s recorded that people already practised this tradition in the Song Dynasty. The character can be w 63 or printed. It can be stuck either normally or upside down, because in Chinese, the “reversed Fu” and “Fu arrives” sound s 64 to each other, both being pronounced as “Fu dao le”.
There is a story about the origin of sticking the “reversed Fu”. Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, once used the character fu as a secret signal to kill a family for insulting (侮辱) his wife, Empress Ma. To a 65 the disaster, the kind-hearted empress ordered every family in the capital to stick the character Fu in front of their own doors.
All the people followed the empress’s order, but one family didn’t know h 66 to read or write. They had stuck the character upside down. On the second day when the soldiers went to the streets, they found the character e 67 , including the upside down one. When the emperor heard this, he said, a 68 to the soldiers, “I will kill the family who stuck the character differently.”
But Empress Ma e 69 , “That family had known that you would come to visit them today, so they stuck the character upside down on purpose. Doesn’t that have the same m 70 as ‘Fu comes’ ” The emperor agreed with his wife and set the family free.
From that time on, people began to stick Fu upside down for the purpose of hoping for luck and remembering Empress Ma.
Passage8
（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
What is Earth Hour
Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and it’s a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening, people “go d 71 ,” that is, turn off lights in their homes, schools and businesses all at the same time for one hour.
Earth Hour started in Australia in 2007, when 2.2 million people in Sydney turned off all unnecessary lights for an hour. Since then, it has grown into an i 72 event, and many countries around the world have taken part. Famous buildings that have gone dark for Earth Hour include Buckingham Palace in London, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the Forbidden City in Beijing and New York’s Empire State Building. E 73 astronauts on the Space Station have taken part by reducing their power use on the station, and Google has shown its s 74 by making a dark homepage for the event.
What’s the idea b 75 Earth Hour
The idea is to raise awareness of environmental issues and call for a 76 to protect nature. It’s true that switching off the lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power. But this is only the b 77 .
On one level, joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of environmental issues and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature. For example, eating less meat, using low-energy electrical items instead of high-energy o 78 and using green forms of transport all help the planet.
But on another level, a large number of people all acting t 79 sends a powerful message to governments and companies. It p 80 them to take action on a large scale by considering green issues when making big decisions.
Passage9
（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
My name is Huckleberry Finn. I live in the town of St. Petersburg in the state of Missouri. It’s a small town but it’s near a very big river c 81 the Mississippi. This is the story of a journey that I made down that river on a raft.
Tom Sawyer and I found $12,000 in a cave which made us rich. We got $6,000 e 82 . Judge Thatcher put it in the bank.
I didn’t have a f 83 or a home. My mother died a long time ago and then my dad, Pap, disappeared. I didn’t go to school like the other boys of my a 84 . I lived on the streets and in the woods.
Then a kind old lady called Widow Douglas invited me to live with her and my life c 85 . She gave me a bed to sleep in and bought me new clothes. She sent me to school every day. I didn’t like going there at first b 86 learning was very difficult. But when I could read and write a bit, I was g 87 to go. For me, eating my meals at the table and sleeping in a soft bed were the h 88 things. I missed my old life. Sometimes I ran away and spent a few days in the woods. I felt f 89 there and I was happy. I fished and hunted all day. At night I slept under the stars.
The months passed and w 90 came. The weather got cold. One morning I saw some footprints in the snow outside the widow’s house. There was a cross on the heel of the left one. My heart jumped. Only one person wore boots with a cross on the left heel! Pap!
—Taken from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Passage10
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）根据首字母提示及短文内容填写所缺的单词，使短文完整通顺。
Perhaps your childhood piano lessons made you never want to play the piano again. Perhaps a piano is too expensive for you to a 91 . Now, thanks to a program in Sydney called “Play Me, I’m yours”, people are able to play the piano in many p 92 places for free. They share beautiful music, and the program also helps them communicate with each other.
Thirty pianos have been placed in d 93 parts of the city, i 94 in several parks, at a bus stop and on some streets. The pianos have the logo “Play Me, I’m yours” on them.
People are usually i 95 in playing music or singing songs with the pianos, no matter what level of ability they have. Lots of people have been attracted to the program and stopped to w 96 or play the pianos.
“Play Me, I’m yours” is a part of the Sydney Festival. It is a project of the British artist, Luck Jerram. He wants to help people in the city connect with each other. He thinks that so many people are sitting in front of computers too long and b 97 with their work all hours and they s 98 have any chance to enjoy music. So the main p 99 of the project is to help them relax and make new friends.
The program “Play Me, I’m yours” has also reached England and Brazil before. It was warmly welcomed there. But the program won its greatest s 100 at the Sydney Festival.
“It’s a good chance for people to be creative, connect with strangers and just have some fun,” Jerram said.
Passage11
（23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期末）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1~10的相应位置上。
For thousands of years, the Chinese people have had a deep respect (尊敬) for Loong, the Chinese dragon. In China, you’ll find pictures of dragons almost e 101 especially in palaces and temples. Some of them are more than 3, 500 years old.
Many Chinese artists have tried their hand at painting the dragon. Chen Rong, a great painter in the Southern Song Dynasty, was among t 102 . His Nine Dragons is one of the greatest paintings of the Chinese dragon.
Chen Rong was born in Fujian in 1200. He once w 103 for the government in Hangzhou. As an officer, he wasn’t very s 104 . However, he achieved a great success in poetry, calligraphy (书法) and painting.
It was said that Chen Rong u 105 to paint after drinking a lot of wine. After getting drunk, he would shout loudly, put his scarf in ink and pour the ink madly on paper. After that, he would use b 106 to finish his work. His words on Nine Dragons show that he finished it when he was completely drunk.
The painting Nine Dragons d 107 nine dragons rolling, swimming and dancing among clouds, waves, fires and cliffs. It shows Chen’s great sadness in his life and his great s 108 in brush work.
Nine Dragons was once treasured at court (宫廷), the Qianlong Emperor spoke highly of it. He liked the painting so much that he told a painter to make a c 109 of it.
Sadly, Nine Dragons is not c 110 by any Chinese museum. If you want to see it with your own eyes, you have to visit the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The museum bought the painting in 1917 for $25, 000. At present the market price of it is about 500 million yuan.
Passage12
（23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整, 每空一词。
The earth is our home. Some things we have done are good for the earth w 111 some are bad. We have polluted the earth, and it is sick now. We cut down too many trees, so lots of rich land has c 112 into desert. Factories pour wastewater into river. Pollution has caused many s 113 problems. The earth is crying for help. What shall we do to save it We should be different from many consumers (消费者) and become “green consumers”. This means that we can buy and use things f 114 to the environment. We can also recycle as many things as possible. We should also try to be “greener people”. We can plant more trees. We can ride bikes or take buses to r 115 air pollution. We shall never leave a room with the lights on. We can save water by taking shorter showers and t 116 off the tap when brushing teeth. We should r 117 to separate waste into different groups before throwing it away.
After all, we have o 118 one Earth. We should do everything to p 119 it, or we will be punished and lose our home. Lean to live in new and different ways, and we can make a d 120 .
Passage13
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Hanging a red lantern in front of the door is believed to drive off bad luck. The first Chinese paper lanterns in h 121 were invented during the Eastern Han Dynasty. In ancient China, people raised lanterns to get light and wish for a better life. Also, lanterns were widely used on festivals. Nowadays, it has become a tradition that b 122 big cities and small towns are filled with red lanterns during the festival.
The materials for making lanterns are s 123 . People can make bamboo, wood and metal into frames (框架) of lanterns. Paper and silk are the m 124 materials for covers. People like to paint beautiful Chinese pictures on them. The traditional lantern is covered by rice paper with a c 125 burning inside. Light shines t 126 the rice paper at night. That is really Chinese style. The most common Chinese lanterns are red, round and with red or golden tassels (流苏). They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good w 127 . In Chinese culture, lanterns in different colors e 128 different meanings.
People usually light several lanterns for the Chinese New Year, and enjoy lantern shows with family members t 129 during the Lantern Festival. Happiness and joy s 130 into thousands of families by these different lanterns. Lanterns are also used in all kinds of celebrations. Lanterns have become the national pride in China.
Passage14
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）
One day in July I was completely well again, I put some food and water in a bag and went exploring (探险). I walked along the coast u 131 I got to a small river. Then I followed it across the island. The land on b 132 sides of the river was very pleasant. It was flat and green and many different plants were growing there. I looked for things to eat, but I didn’t find anything. The next day I decided to go f 133 . I was curious to see more of the green valley. I w 134 for many hours and finally I arrived in a place with many trees. I could see oranges and lemons on them. I also saw grapes and melons too.
“The north side of the island is better than the south,” I thought. “There are lots of thing to eat. The weather is better here too. I c 135 the bad side for my house.”
I didn’t go home that night. I slept in a tree and c 136 exploring the next morning. Before I left that place, I filled my pockets with fruit.
“I must come back with bags and get some more,” I thought. “But I must h 137 because the wet season starts in August”.
I made several more trips during the following weeks and took back as much f 138 as I could. While I was there, I built a small tent to s 139 in. Now I had a country house and a seaside house!
It rained more or less every day between the middle of August and the middle of October and I had to stay inside. But when the weather c 140 , I often went to my country house.
—-Taken from The adventures of Robinson Crusoe
Passage15
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）
China is an old country with a rich culture. When travelling to China, understanding Chinese c 141 and customs (习俗) is important for you to behave in a good way.
It’s becoming popular for foreigners to be i 142 into Chinese homes. Being invited to a Chinese family’s home can be a wonderful and warm e 143 . Chinese people are known to be very welcoming (好客). When you’re invited to a Chinese family’s home, make sure that you arrive on time. Don’t forget to say good words about s 144 special you like in the house. Gifts are usually given when visiting someone’s home or being invited for dinner. Chinese people like to r 145 fruit or tea in a nice box or basket.
After some small talks, c 146 the dinner. A Chinese dinner table is a happy place, full of delicious food and conversation. When invited over for dinner, make sure to notice what everybody e 147 is doing and try to do the same. You’d better eat plenty of food to show you’re enjoying it. Don’t finish off the w 148 dish, but leave a small amount of food on the plates. It shows that the host has prepared enough food.
For foreigners, Chinese people may be very curious (好奇的). Chinese people aren’t afraid to ask personal questions, even if you’ve met for the f 149 time. So, don’t be surprised to be asked things like your age, your education or your work. You do not have to answer these questions. If you don’t want to talk about your own life, just explain to them.
Enjoy y 150 in the warm and welcoming world of the local Chinese. As a guest in China, you will get special treatment. And your hosts make sure you will have a good time.
Passage16
（22-23八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）根据首字母提示写出文中所缺的单词。
Dear chairperson,
I would like to be a volunteer for the 2023 Special Olympics World Games in Berlin, German. The Special Olympics are h 151 every four years. They help children and adults with intellectual disabilities show t 152 skills to the world. The events are s 153 to those in the Olympics. Athletes are really great and never g 154 up their dreams.
As volunteers, the most important thing is not to have pity on the athletes, but to help them. W 155 they are sad, we will encourage them to feel more confident. We work c 156 with each other, and we make the event a great success.
I think it is good for me to be a volunteer b 157 I expect to learn a lot from those great athletes. I have a lot of useful skills, such as speaking English well, communicating well w 158 athletes. To be a volunteer will be the m 159 amazing experience of my life. If everyone can give a helping hand, we will have a world full of love and sunshine.
It will be my great honor to become a volunteer for the event. I hope you can accept me and help me achieve my d 160 .
Yours faithfully,
Wu Bing
Passage17
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容及首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，每空一词。
When I was a child, my mom was in poor health, so I’ve dreamed of becoming a doctor. Now I’m a surgeon (外科大夫). Let me tell you something about working as a doctor.
A medical school student can be a doctor. But if you want to get into a top h 161 , you must get your doctoral degree (学位) from one of the best universities. It usually takes eight to eleven years b 162 getting a doctoral degree.
Doctors need different qualities and a 163 . At school, medical students study all the basic subjects, and then we c 164 our specialty (专业). It is necessary for a surgeon to have two perfect h 165 and a strong body as he/she does important operations. Pediatricians (儿童医生) need to be good at communicating as they often do with k 166 . Doctors in top hospitals also have teaching tasks because new doctors need to be t 167 .
Every day, we spend time seeing patients in clinics and inpatient departments. We need to talk with them and their f 168 , we also need to have meetings with other doctors, plan treatment and w 169 medical records.
So if you choose to become a doctor, you’d better forget about having full weekends or holidays like o 170 . But I still want to say working as a doctor can be busy but rewarding.
Passage18
（22-23八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
An event of warm and friendly exchanges about giant pandas was hosted in Tokyo on March 17, 2023. More than 230 giant panda fans a 171 the big party at a hotel in Tokyo.
A film was shown on cooperation (合作) between the two c 172 on giant panda protection and research. That made the viewers think of happy memories about pandas.
“When I was a child, I would stand in a l 173 queue with my family to see giant pandas. It’s an e 174 I will always remember,” said one of the fans.
“We are ready to work c 175 with Japan and other countries to build the Earth into a truly peaceful home,” said Yang Yu, the Chinese embassy (大使) in Japan.
“I can feel everyone’s deep l 176 for giant pandas. I hope to go to China as s 177 as possible to see them, and to show more of the real China to Japanese people,” said a Japanese artist.
“T 178 the giant pandas, I can better introduce Chinese culture to everyone and let people feel the beauty of China,” said the special researcher at the University of Tokyo.
Zhu Jianrong, a professor at Japan’s Tokyo University, e 179 his ideas about the event, “When it comes to giant pandas, people have a lot to share.” He has long supported the friendly exchanges between China and Japan. He also said, “We need more such events like this tonight to offer a chance to the Japanese people to have a b 180 understanding of China. We will always remember what pandas bring us.”
Passage19
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词，使短文完整。（每空一词）
With the increasing population and cars, many countries w 181 they won’t have enough fuel or petrol (汽油) soon, so fuel price has risen up to n 182 10 yuan per litre (升). As a result, the c 183 of running a petrol-based car becomes higher and higher.
Have you ever thought of b 184 an electric (电) car Now it’s clear that we all need to act on our empty wallet as well as serious climate (气候) change, however, will people really be ready to make changes in their lives Can we really make our e 185 greener than it is now
If you want to buy an electric car, which would you like That is a question. It all d 186 on your personal taste. On May 28, 2022, so many electronic smart cars made by Chinese auto companies a 187 at Greater Bay Area Auto Show in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, which caught lots of young people’s eyes.
However, electric cars aren’t perfect just yet. It may t 188 eight hours or more to charge (充电) a car for only 300 km of driving. Many people think it a waste of time. Price is a problem, too. Electric cars cost much. The good news is that electric-car technology (技术) is getting better. As it does, the prices of this kind of cars are going down.
In order to charge the car more easily, our Chinese government is trying to build more charging stations a 189 the country. And it will be a good chance to work out the problem of charging on a long-distance trip.
Now car-makers are looking for other ways to make the car cheaper. Then more people will use electric cars and we will have a clean and green world in the near f 190 . Maybe, you can give them an opportunity, especially those made in China.
Passage20
（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）
Oxfam International, usually known as Oxfam, is one of the biggest charities. Oxfam’s ideas are simple: everybody in the world must have the right to live, f 191 to keep them healthy, clean water to drink and medical care. All these ideas are connected.
Oxfam began its work d 192 World War Ⅱ. At that time the Greeks didn’t have enough to eat because of the war. People in Oxford d 193 to give money and food to people in Greece. So the name Oxfam comes from two w 194 —Oxford and Famine (饥荒).
After the war Oxfam joined other organizations to form Oxfam International. Nowadays this charity helps people in over ninety c 195 in Africa, South America and Asia.
Oxfam works in two ways. Firstly, it o 196 help in emergencies (紧急事件). In 2010 there was a big earthquake in Haiti. Over 200,000 people died and many more l 197 their homes. Doctors and volunteers provided medical help and gave out food and brought clean water to the villages. The s 198 way Oxfam works is to help people prevent future disasters. Oxfam has started a project called GROW, which helps farmers produce more and better food.
But how does Oxfam pay for it all In order to raise money, this charity has run charity shops, where you can buy things that people d 199 , like clothes, toys and food. Another way to get money is with “ambassadors”, famous people who do voluntary work for charities and collect money. Ambassadors have different skills b 200 the message they send is the same—we should do what we can to help people in need!
Passage21
（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Many of you should have heard of Tiangong Kaiwu. It is one of the greatest technological encyclopedias written in C 201 . But how much do you know about its author, Song Yingxing
Song was a great scientist d 202 the late Ming dynasty. He was born in 1587 and had a happy childhood. He and his brother Song Yingshen g went to school together. Song won third place while Yingming won sixth in the provincial Imperial Exam (科举考试). Later, they took the national Imperial Exam, but they b 203 failed.
Song worked as a teacher for many years. Meanwhile, he sat for the national Imperial Exam for another four times. Unluckily, he never achieved success. On his repeated trips to the capital to take the exams, however, he learned about the technologies that were being used in d 204 fields. His wide k 205 enabled him to create Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s.
The book c 206 more than 130 technologies. There were also many illustrations (插图) to help with the understanding of the text. The book became popular soon a 207 it came out.
The Ming dynasty fell in 1644, but they were loyal to the Ming government. They r 208 to serve the new Qing government. Song lived a poor life in the rest of his life. In his final years, he wrote many articles and poems a 209 the new government.
Years later, some Qing officials found these articles and poems. They were so angry that they destroyed all of Song’s works. However, Tiangong Kaiwu had already s 210 to many other countries.
Passage22
（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
On 18 May, International Museum Day is celebrated around the world. It’s an event that aims to make people think about what museums o 211 and why they are exciting places to visit.
A museum is a place where objects from far away or long ago are d 212 for the public to enjoy. There are hundreds of museums around the UK. What can you e 213 to see in a typical museum Things can include animal skeletons from around the world, dinosaur remains, ancient tools, important paintings and items belonging to kings and queens. Museums have all kinds of things that will amaze and c 214 your attention. For example, the Oxford University Museum of Natural History has bones and skin of the extinct dodo bird. There are no o 215 dodo remains like this in the world.
As well as things to see, there are fun attractions to e 216 . London’s Natural History Museum has an earthquake simulator and at the National Space Centre, you can ride in a lift alongside a space rocket.
“I have been to lots of museums. I enjoy visiting museums because you go back in time and imagine w 217 life was like back then. I really like museums that let you play and interact with some of the artifacts.”
So how to visit the museums Start with a l 218 museum. With the help of an adult, search online for a place that’s near you and see what attractions it has and when it’s o 219 . Check if you need to pay to visit and whether you must book before going. Museums can get very b 220 at weekends and during school holidays.
Passage23
（22-23八年级下·江苏南通·期末）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
For a long time, the small city of Zibo in Shandong wasn’t a major place of interest in China. But this past March, 4.8 million tourists from across the country visited the city. And it’s all thanks to its barbecue (烧烤).
Zibo barbecue is served in a special w 221 . Diners don’t directly eat the meat off skewers (串肉杆). I 222 , they put two or three of the skewers in a small pancake with some scallions (青 葱). Next, they turn the pancake into a small roll and p 223 the skewers out. Then it’s time to enjoy this different-tasting food.
Zibo barbecue became p 224 online in early March. Since then, the local government has tried to give tourists an unforgettable e 225 during their stay. It has added special “barbecue trains” on weekends. It has also offered free barbecue maps and shuttle buses to help meat lovers reach the restaurants. Moreover, business owners will be p 226 if they are caught cheating (欺骗) customers.
The locals are glad to see the tourists in their hometown. They see this as a c 227 for this old city to d 228 its tourism. To help, the government has added 21 bus routes to make it easier to travel throughout the city. Tourists can e 229 visit some places of interest for free. A lot of sites have already seen a quick rise in the n 230 of tourists.
But the popularity of Internet-famous places is often short-lived. It won’t be easy to change Zibo’s image into a tourism attraction. “So, it’s important for the local government to consider what else the city can offer, said one tourism expert.
Passage24
（22-23八年级下·江苏南通·期末）阅读短文，根据所给的首字母提示，写出一个合适的单词，使短文通顺。
Recently the term “carbon neutral (碳中和)” has been a public topic. Being carbon neutral means cutting d 231 carbon emissions (碳排放) to zero or balancing (均衡) them out by taking some carbon out of the atmosphere (大气层). Carbon emissions make the climate (气候) change for the w 232 and the temperatures rise. They are caused by all kinds of human activities. Burning fossil fuels (化工燃料) like coal, oil and gas to p 233 energy is a main source of carbon emissions.
China has promised to be carbon-neutral by 2060. To achieve this goal (目标), we will face many challenges (挑战). However, many hands make light work. We students can also make contributions (贡献) to helping r 234 this goal. Here’re some suggestions:
Travel in a green way
Since driving cars has caused serious air problems, we’d better do more walking or cycling instead of driving. By doing so, we can save energy and reduce air p 235 .
Save water
Lack (缺乏) of water resources will be h 236 to the ecological (生态的) environment. So please turn off the tap after using it.
Plant more trees
A good way of balancing out the carbon emissions is to plant trees b 237 trees can take in CO2 as they grow.
Reduce food waste
Schools can encourage students to save food by comparing (对比) how much food is not eaten by students after each meal. They can w 238 the leftovers (剩余饭菜) by putting them on the scale (秤). Also, they can put the leftovers into a machine that can t 239 the waste into useful things. For example, some waste can be put in the garden to help plants grow.
Let’s join together to see how small changes can make a big d 240 .
Passage25
（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
On May Day, my father and I went back to my hometown—Zibo in Shandong—to try Zibo barbecue (烧烤). Recently, the l 241 food there has become so popular that people all over China travel there to taste it.
On the w 242 to Zibo, my father told me a story. Last year during the COVID-19 pandemic (疫情), thousands of college students had to stay in Zibo. The local government h 243 students to get through that period and offered a great barbecue dinner when it was over. The government officers also invited the students to come b 244 to Zibo again when spring came. I was touched when I heard this.
At 5 p.m., we a 245 at the restaurant. My father had booked a table two days earlier. Otherwise, there wouldn’t be any seats for us. There are some d 246 between Zibo’s barbecue and the ones in other cities. Zibo’s barbecue restaurants have a small grill (烤架) on each table. People need to cook on the grill by t 247 . When the food is ready, you put it onto a small pancake, and then add scallions (葱) and sauce before eating.
Some local people even put off (推迟) their orders when they heard there weren’t e 248 seats. They wanted tourists from other places to have more c 249 to eat.
After eating the delicious food, I kept thinking about why Zibo became p 250 . Is it the promise between the government and the college students, or the only, tasty food, or the kind people
参考答案
1．(t)ogether 2．(n)ames 3．(A)nother 4．(s)pend 5．(t)ravel 6．(b)etter 7．(w)hen 8．(g)ood 9．(s)ick 10．(a)nything
【导语】本文主要围绕大数据进行展开，介绍大数据的概念、用途和其两面性。
1．句意：大数据是大量的信息集合在一起，因此它们可以被计算机程序使用。由“Big data (大数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put”及首字母可知，大数据是把信息集合在一起，together“一起”符合语境。故填(t)ogether。
2．句意：一组数据可以包含人们的姓名和地址。由“One set of data can have people’s…and addresses”及首字母可知，此处指人的名字和地址，name“名字”符合语境，address用了复数形式，名字也应用复数形式。故填(n)ames。
3．句意：另一组可以有他们喜欢的东西，他们在哪里学习以及他们花在电脑上的时间。由“One set of data”及首字母可知，此处指另一个，another“另一个”符合语境。故填(A)nother。
4．句意：另一组可以有他们喜欢的东西，他们在哪里学习以及他们花在电脑上的时间。由“how much time they…on the computer”及首字母可知，此处指花费时间，spend“花费”符合语境，句子为一般现在时，they作主语，谓语动词用原形。故填(s)pend。
5．句意：政府用它来了解有多少人乘坐公共汽车或火车出行。由“The government uses it to understand how many people…on buses or trains”及首字母可知，此处指乘坐公共汽车或火车出行，travel“旅行”符合语境，句子为一般现在时，people作主语，谓语动词用原形。故填(t)ravel。
6．句意：然后，这些信息被用来改善公共汽车或火车系统。由“This information is then used to make bus or train systems”及首字母可知，此处指用大数据得到的信息让交通系统变得比之前更好，better“更好”符合语境。故填(b)etter。
7．句意：例如，一家公司使用天气数据来查看人们什么时候吃最多的冰淇淋。由“For example, one company uses weather data to see…people eat the most ice-cream”及首字母可知，指吃冰淇淋的时间，应用when引导时间状语从句。故填(w)hen。
8．句意：大数据可以被用于好的理由。由“Big data can also be used for bad reasons”及首字母可知，此处指好的理由，good“好的”符合语境。故填(g)ood。
9．句意：一些医院使用大数据来预测早产婴儿是否会生病。由“The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby”及首字母可知，此处指预测早产婴儿是否生病，sick“生病的”符合语境，形容词作表语。故填(s)ick。
10．句意：它可以用来预测哪种人可能违法或伤害他人，即使他们没有做错任何事。由“Big data can also be used for bad reasons”及首字母可知，此处应是指人没有做什么错事，anything“任何事情”符合语境。故填(a)nything。
11．(C)hinese 12．(d)uring 13．(w)hile 14．(b)oth 15．(s)uccess 16．(k)nowledge 17．(c)overed 18．(a)fter/(a)s 19．(r)efused 20．(a)ngry
【导语】本文主要介绍了《天工开物》的作者宋应星的生平。
11．句意：它是用中文写的最伟大的科技百科全书之一。根据“written in ...”可知，in后应跟语言，结合首字母可知，此处指Chinese“中文”。故填(C)hinese。
12．句意：宋是明末一位杰出的科学家。根据“the late Ming dynasty”及首字母可知，此处指在明朝末期的时候，介词during“在……期间”符合语境。故填(d)uring。
13．句意：宋在省科举考试中获第三名，而应明获第六名。根据“Song won third place w... Yingming won sixth”可知，空前后是表示对比，用while“然而”符合语境。故填(w)hile。
14．句意：后来，他们参加了全国科举考试，但他们都失败了。根据“Later, they took the national Imperial Exam, but they b... failed.”可知，此处是指他们两兄弟都在全国科举考试中失败了，both“两者都”。故填(b)oth。
15．句意：不幸的是，他从未取得成功。根据“he took part in the national Imperial Exam for another four times. Unluckily”可知，他又参加了四次全国科举考试，不幸的是，他没有取得成功，动词achieved后跟名词success“成功”。故填(s)uccess。
16．句意：他的广博知识使他在17世纪30年代完成了《天工开物》的写作。根据“made him finish writing Tiangong Kaiwu”及首字母可知，是指他广博的知识，空处用不可数名词knowledge“知识”。故填(k)nowledge。
17．句意：这本书涵盖了130多项技术。根据“more than 130 technologies”可知，是指这本书涵盖了130多项技术，cover“覆盖，包含”，句子为一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故填(c)overed。
18．句意：这本书出版后很快就很受欢迎/这本书一出版就很受欢迎。根据“The book became popular soon a.. it came out.”可知，是指书出版后就很受欢迎，用after“在……之后”，引导时间状语从句；也可用as“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故填(a)fter/(a)s。
19．句意：他们拒绝为新的清政府工作。根据“In his final years, he wrote many articles and poems against (反对) the new government.”可知，他们拒绝为清政府工作，refuse“拒绝”，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(r)efused。
20．句意：他们很生气，把宋的全部作品都烧掉了。根据“they burned all of Song’s works.”及首字母可知，是指他们如此生气以至于把宋的全部作品都烧掉了，angry“生气的”，作表语。故填(a)ngry。
21．(k)nown 22．(l)uck 23．(m)eaning 24．(w)orn 25．(c)ulture 26．(m)ainly 27．(d)ifferences 28．(m)uch 29．(h)igh 30．(h)istory
【导语】本文主要介绍了旗袍的发展和不同风格的旗袍。
21．句意：特别是在全国高考期间，更广为人知的是“高考”，许多母亲穿上“旗袍”，祝孩子在考试中好运。be known as“被称为……”，为固定用法。故填(k)nown。
22．句意：特别是在全国高考期间，更广为人知的是“高考”，许多母亲穿上“旗袍”，祝孩子在考试中好运。根据“many mothers wear ‘qipao’ to wish their children good ... in the exam.”可知，此处是指母亲穿上“旗袍”祝孩子在考试中好运，good luck“好运”。故填(l)uck。
23．句意：原因是“旗袍”代表汉语短语“旗开得胜”，意思是胜利。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词，且“qi kai de sheng”与“victory”存在主动关系，所以用动词ing形式。故填(m)eaning。
24．句意：有些人认为旗袍来自清朝女性所穿的长袍。根据“by women”可知，此处应用过去分词表示被动含义，结合首字母提示可知，此处应用worn“被穿”。故填(w)orn。
25．句意：受西方文化的影响，20世纪初，旗袍不断变化，变得更加合身和贴身。根据“Influenced by Western ... it changed continually during the early 20th century, becoming more fitted and body-hugging (贴身的).”及首字母提示可知，此处是指受西方文化的影响，culture“文化”，不可数名词。故填(c)ulture。
26．句意：旗袍经过多年的发展，现在主要分为京派、海派和港派。根据“the qipao is now ... divided into Beijing styles, Shanghai styles and Hong Kong styles”可知，此处是指旗袍现在主要分为京派、海派和港派，mainly“主要地”。故填(m)ainly。
27．句意：在颜色和图案上有很多不同。根据“The Beijing-style qipao is more traditional than Shanghai-style and Hong Kong-style qipaos. The colours of Beijing-style qipaos are ... brighter.”可知，此处是指在颜色和图案上有很多不同，difference“差异”，为可数名词，结合空前“many”可知，此处应用复数名词。故填(d)ifferences。
28．句意：北京旗袍的颜色要鲜艳得多。此处应用much修饰比较级“brighter”。故填(m)uch。
29．句意：高质量的京式旗袍通常是手工制作的，所以价格非常高。根据“High-quality Beijing-style qipaos”及“so the price is very ...”可知，此处是指高质量的京式旗袍价格非常高，high“高的”。故填(h)igh。
30．句意：它不仅展示了汉人的历史，也展示了其他文化在这片土地上的足迹。根据“It shows not only the ... of the Han people, but also the footprints of other cultures on the land.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指旗袍展示了汉人的历史，history“历史”，结合空前定冠词“the”可知，此处应用单数名词。故填(h)istory。
31．(p)repared/(p)rovided 32．(b)ad 33．(s)omething 34．(b)efore 35．(a)lmost 36．(s)peak 37．(s)urprise 38．(e)xcept 39．(t)hought 40．(p)ale
【导语】本文摘自《哈克贝利 费恩历险记》中的一段，讲述了国王和公爵骗钱时发生的事情。
31．句意：她们/准备/提供了一顿丰盛的晚餐，并让我们在他们的卧室里睡觉。根据“...a lovely dinner”及首字母可知，应是准备了/提供了晚餐，prepare“准备”，provide“提供”，由gave可知，时态是一般过去时，所以用动词的过去式，故填(p)repared/(p)rovided。
32．句意：国王和公爵欺骗了她们，我感到非常不好。根据“... the king and the duke were cheating (欺骗) them”及首字母可知，她们对作者很好，得知她们被欺骗，应是感到难过，bad“不好的”，形容词作表语，故填(b)ad。
33．句意：我必须做点什么来阻止他们。根据“ do ... to stop them.”及首字母可知，是做点事情来阻止，something“某事”符合语境，故填(s)omething。
34．句意：所以在棺材合上，运到墓地之前，我把那袋金子放在彼得的手上。根据“ I put the bag of gold under Peter’s hands ...the coffin (棺材) were closed and taken to the graveyard”及首字母可知，应是在棺材合上之前放的，before“在……之前”符合语境，故填(b)efore。
35．句意：快结束的时候来了两个人：两位相貌英俊的绅士，一位老一些，一位年轻一些。根据“Later the king and the duke organised a sale to get money.”和“ It was ... over ”及首字母可知，应是说拍卖几乎要结束的时候，almost“几乎”符合语境，故填(a)lmost。
36．句意：老人开始说话了。根据“he said”可知，应是说开始说话了，结合首字母，与say同义的词应是speak，to后跟动词原形。故填(s)peak。
37．句意：国王也没料到，但他没有表现出惊讶。根据“The king wasn’t either,”及but表示转折可知，没料到，但是也没表现出惊讶，surprise“惊讶”，在句中作宾语。故填(s)urprise。
38．句意：除了罗宾逊医生和利瓦伊·贝尔，所有的人都大声表示同意。根据“All the people shouted to agree...Doctor Robinson and Levi Bell.”及首字母可知，应是除了两人所有人都同意，不包括两人在内，所以用except“除了……外，不包括”，故填(e)xcept。
39．句意：老先生想了一会儿。根据“Can you prove (证明) you are Peter Wilks’ brothers ”及首字母和语境可知，应是听了这个问题后，想了一会儿，think“想，思考”，时态是一般过去时，所以此处用动词的过去式。故填(t)hought。
40．句意：国王的脸变得苍白，有几分钟没说什么。根据“face went ... and didn’t say anything for a few minutes.”及首字母可知，应是脸变得苍白，pale“苍白的”，形容词作表语，故填(p)ale。
41．(m)illion 42．(s)o 43．(h)arder 44．(n)eed 45．(w)ork 46．(a)lone 47．(s)pare 48．(m)ore 49．(t)rouble 50．(w)ith
【导语】本文介绍了中国养猫的现状、养猫的好处以及养猫的一些麻烦。
41．句意：到2023年，中国宠物猫的数量将增至6980万只！根据“It is higher than that of pet dogs in the same year.”可知，这里是指中国宠物猫的数量，结合首字母可知，million“百万”符合语境。故填(m)illion。
42．句意：为什么这么多人选择猫呢？此处是短语so many“那么多的”。故填(s)o。
43．句意：刘朗是一名28岁的警察，他认为养狗比养猫更难。根据下文“It is difficult”可知，他认为养狗比养猫难。hard“困难的”，结合“than”可知，应用比较级。故填(h)arder。
44．句意：狗需要每天遛。根据“walking every day.”可知，狗需要每天遛。need“需要”，句子是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(n)eed。
45．句意：这很难，特别是对于有很多工作要做的年轻人和中年人。根据“for young and middle-aged people with a lot of...to do”可知，年轻人和中年人有很多工作要做。work“工作”，不可数名词。故填(w)ork。
46．句意：养猫对独自生活的人也有影响。根据“It brings companionship (陪伴)”可知，猫可以给独居的人带来陪伴，应用副词alone“独自”修饰动词。故填(a)lone。
47．句意：在业余时间，他经常看着他的猫在草坪上玩耍。根据“time, he often watches his cats play on the lawn.”可知，是指业余时间，应用spare time。故填(s)pare。
48．句意：它们让我的生活更加精彩。空后是形容词，结合首字母m可知，这里使用比较级more fantastic。故填(m)ore。
49．句意：然而，一些医生警告说，养猫可能会带来一些麻烦。根据“warn”以及“If some one is allergic (对……过敏的) to cat hair, it is dangerous for him to stay”可知，养猫也会带来一些麻烦，应用名词trouble，此处是不可数名词。故填(t)rouble。
50．句意：如果有人对猫毛过敏，他和猫待在一起是危险的。根据“stay...a cat.”可知，是短语stay with“和……待在一起”。故填(w)ith。
51．(u)seful 52．(f)irst 53．(c)lose 54．(s)ubjects/(s)omething 55．(t)alking 56．(l)oudly/(l)oud 57．(e)xcuse 58．(p)olite 59．(r)efuse 60．(s)trange
【导语】本文介绍了在英国作为陌生人如何表现得体，包括初次见面的问候方式、交谈话题的选择、公共场合的礼仪以及家庭中的礼貌用语，并强调了尊重当地文化的重要性。
51．句意：这里有一些对你有用的信息。根据下文介绍的内容和首字母u可知，本文提供的是有用的信息，形容词useful“有用的”符合语境，在句中作定语，修饰名词information。故填(u)seful。
52．句意：英国人第一次见到你时通常会说“你好”或“见到你很高兴”，并和你握手。根据“say ‘hello’ or ‘nice to meet you’”和首字母f可知，说“你好”或“见到你很高兴”应是第一次见面时，first“首次的”符合语境。故填(f)irst。
53．句意：他们只与亲戚或亲密的朋友亲吻。根据“...friends with a kiss.”和首字母c可知，会用亲吻的方式去打招呼的应是亲密的朋友，形容词close“亲密的”符合语境，在句中作定语，修饰名词friend。故填(c)lose。
54．句意：他们喜欢用天气、假期、音乐或书籍之类的话题来开始谈话。根据“like the weather, holidays, music or books.”和首字母s可知，天气、假期、音乐或书籍都是谈话的话题，可数名词subject“话题”符合语境，此处应用复数形式；此句为肯定句，也可用不定代词something。故填(s)ubjects/(s)omething。
55．句意：他们避免谈论年龄、体重或金钱。根据“They avoid...about age, weight or money.”和首字母t可知，出于礼貌，避免谈论年龄，体重，金钱等个人隐私，talk about“谈论”，avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”。故填(t)alking。
56．句意：在公共场合，英国人总是压低声音，而不是大声喊叫或大笑。根据“instead of”可知，此处和“keep their voice down”相反，应指“笑得很大声”，应用副词loudly/loud“高声地”，修饰动词laugh。故填(l)oudly/(l)oud。
57．句意：如果你挡了他们的路，他们会说“对不起”，然后礼貌地等你走开。根据“If you’re in their way”可知，想让别人让路，应说“对不起”，excuse me“对不起”。故填(e)xcuse。
58．句意：英国人在家里也很有礼貌。根据下文“They say ‘please’ or ‘thank you’ all the time.”可知，他们在家也总说“请”或“谢谢”，由此可知他们在家也很有礼貌，形容词polite“有礼貌的”符合语境，在句中作表语。故填(p)olite。
59．句意：当他们想拒绝某事时，他们通常会说“我很好，谢谢你”，而不是说“不”。根据“saying ‘no’”可知，说“不”就是在拒绝，动词refuse“拒绝”符合语境，want to do sth.“想要做某事”。故填(r)efuse。
60．句意：当我们在一个陌生的地方，我们应该努力了解和尊重当地的文化。根据“When we are in a...place, we should try to understand and respect (尊重) the local culture.”和首字母s可推测，此处指在陌生的地方也要理解和尊重当地的文化，形容词strange“陌生的”符合语境，在句中作定语，修饰名词place。故填(s)trange。
61．(e)xpresses 62．(w)alls 63．(w)ritten 64．(s)imilar 65．(a)void 66．(h)ow 67．(e)verywhere 68．(a)ngrily 69．(e)xplained 70．(m)eaning
【导语】本文主要讲述了贴 “倒福” 的历史故事。
61．句意：如今，“福”作为文化符号，表达了人们对来年的美好祝愿。根据“Nowadays”可知，本句用一般现在时。主语“Fu”是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。根据句意和首字母，可知此处express“表达”。故填(e)xpresses。
62．句意：在墙上和门上贴“福”字的传统由来已久。根据“and doors”和首字母，可知此处指wall“墙”，且需用名词复数表示并列。故填(w)alls。
63．句意：这个字可以书写，也可以打印。根据“or printed”和首字母，可知此处指write“书写”，且需用过去分词表示并列。故填(w)ritten。
64．句意：它既可以正常发音，也可以上下颠倒，因为在汉语中，“颠倒的福”和“福到”发音相似，都读作“福到”。根据首字母提示，similar to“与……相似”，为固定短语。故填(s)imilar。
65．句意：为了避免这场灾难，善良的皇后命令京城的每家每户都在自家门前贴上“福”字。不定式To后面需用动词原形，根据语境和首字母，可知此处指avoid“避免”。故填(a)void。
66．句意：所有的人都听从皇后的命令，但有一家不会读书写字。根据首字母，可知此处指how“如何”，how to do“如何做”。故填(h)ow。
67．句意：第二天，当士兵们走到街上时，他们发现到处都是这个字，包括颠倒的那个字。根据“All the people followed the empress’s order”以及首字母提示，可知到处都是这个字，everywhere“到处”。故填(e)verywhere。
68．句意：当皇帝听到这些，他生气地对士兵们说：“我要杀了那个与众不同的人。”根据“I will kill the family who stuck the character differently.”以及首字母，可知国王很生气，此处用angrily“生气地”修饰动词。故填(a)ngrily。
69．句意：但马皇后解释道：“那家人知道你今天会来看他们，所以故意把字倒过来贴。”根据句意和首字母， 可知此处表示explain“解释”，根据全文时态一致原则，可知本句用一般过去时。故填(e)xplained。
70．句意：这不是和“福到了”一样的意思吗？根据“the same”可知，此处指meaning“意思”，此处指的是“福到了”的意思，填单数。故填(m)eaning。
71．(d)ark 72．(i)nternational 73．(E)ven 74．(s)upport 75．(b)ehind 76．(a)ction 77．(b)eginning 78．(o)nes 79．(t)ogether 80．(p)ushes
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地球一小时活动的起源、活动和意义。
71．句意：在这天晚上，人们“变暗”，也就是说，在家里、学校和公司的灯都在同一时间关灯一个小时。根据“turn off lights in their homes, schools and businesses all at the same time for one hour.”和首字母d可知，此处指处在黑暗中，dark“黑暗的”符合句意。故填(d)ark。
72．句意：从那时起，它已经发展成为一个国际活动，世界上许多国家都参加了。根据“and many countries around the world have taken part”和首字母i可知，地球一小时成为了一个国际活动，形容词international“国际的”作定语修饰event。故填(i)nternational。
73．句意：即使是在空间站的宇航员也通过减少在空间站上的电力使用来参与其中，谷歌也为该活动制作了一个黑色的主页，以示支持。根据“astronauts on the Space Station have taken part by reducing their power use on the station”和首字母E可知，甚至空间站的宇航员也参与了该活动，副词even“甚至”符合句意。故填(E)ven。
74．句意：即使是在空间站的宇航员也通过减少在空间站上的电力使用来参与其中，谷歌也为该活动制作了一个黑色的主页，以示支持。根据“Google has shown its...by making a dark homepage for the event.”和首字母s可知，谷歌也支持这项活动，应用名词support“支持”作宾语。故填(s)upport。
75．句意：地球一小时背后的理念是什么？根据“The idea is to raise awareness of environmental issues and...”和首字母b可知，此处指该活动背后的含义，介词behind“在……后面”符合句意。故填(b)ehind。
76．句意：该活动旨在提高人们对环境问题的认识，并呼吁采取行动保护自然。根据“It’s true that switching off the lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power.”和首字母a可知，此处指采取行动保护自然，应用名词action“行动”作宾语。故填(a)ction。
77．句意：但这仅仅是个开始。根据“It’s true that switching off the lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power.”和首字母b可知，关灯仅仅是一个开始，名词beginning“开始”符合句意。故填(b)eginning。
78．句意：例如，少吃肉，使用低能量的电器而不是高能量的电器，使用绿色交通工具，这些都有助于保护地球。根据“using low-energy electrical items instead of high-energy...”和首字母o可知，此处应用代词ones指代electrical items。故填(o)nes。
79．句意：但在另一个层面上，很多人一起行动向政府和公司发出了一个强有力的信息。根据“a large number of people all acting...”和首字母t可知，此处指多人一起行动，副词together“一起”符合句意。故填(t)ogether。
80．句意：它促使他们在做出重大决定时考虑环保问题，从而采取大规模行动。根据“...them to take action on a large scale by considering green issues when making big decisions.”和首字母p可知，此处指促使政府和公司考虑环保问题，动词push“推动，促使”符合句意。本句时态为一般现在时，主语It为第三人称单数，动词要用三单形式。故填(p)ushes。
81．(c)alled 82．(e)ach 83．(f)amily 84．(a)ge 85．(c)hanged 86．(b)ecause 87．(g)lad 88．(h)ardest 89．(f)ree 90．(w)inter
【导语】本文主要介绍了Huckleberry Finn的悲惨遭遇，在遇到了一个善良的Widow Douglas老太太之后，他的生活改变了。
81．句意：它是一个小镇，但是它靠近一条叫做密西西比河的大河。根据“a very big river c…the Mississippi”可知，此处指“被叫做密西西比河”，call“称呼”符合题意，此处用其过去分词作后置定语。故填(c)alled。
82．句意：我们每个人得到6000美元。根据“Tom Sawyer and I found $12,000 in a cave which made us rich”可知，作者和Tom sawyer两个人发现12000美元，因此每人6000美元。each表示“每个”。故填(e)ach。
83．句意：我没有家人或家。根据“My mother died a long time ago and then my dad, Pap, disappeared”可知作者没有家人。a后接可数名词单数。family表示“家人；家庭”。故填(f)amily。
84．句意：我不像我同龄的其他男孩一样去上学。根据“the other boys of my…”及首字母可知，此处指“其他的同龄男孩”，age“年龄”符合。故填(a)ge。
85．句意：后来，一位善良的老妇人Douglas请我去跟她一起住，我的人生发生了改变。此空是谓语动词，并且时态为一般过去时。根据“She gave me bed to sleep in and bought me new clothes. She sent me to school every day”可知，作者的人生发生了改变。change表示“改变”，此处用过去式changed。故填(c)hanged。
86．句意：起初我不喜欢去那因为学习非常难。此空是连词连接两个句子，前后句表示因果关系，应该用because引导原因状语从句。故填(b)ecause。
87．句意：但当我能读会写的时候，我很高兴去了。be glad to do sth.“高兴做某事”。故填(g)lad。
88．句意：对我来说，在餐桌前吃饭、在软软的床上睡觉是最难的事情。此空是形容词作定语修饰名词things，根据the可知此处是形容词最高级形式。根据“I missed my old life”可知现在这种生活作者觉得很难。hard表示“困难的”。故填(h)ardest。
89．句意：我在那感觉很自由，我很快乐。feel为系动词，与形容词构成系表结构。根据“I fished and hunted all day. At night I slept under the stars”及首字母可知，在那里的日子很自由，free表示“自由的”。故填(f)ree。
90．句意：几个月过去了，冬天来了。根据“One morning I saw some footprints in the snow outside the window’s house”可知，冬天来了。winter表示“冬天”。故填(w)inter。
91．(a)fford 92．(p)ublic 93．(d)ifferent 94．(i)ncluding 95．(i)nvited 96．(w)atch 97．(b)usy 98．(s)eldom 99．(p)urpose 100．(s)uccess
【导语】本文介绍了悉尼的一个名为“弹奏我，我就是你的”的项目，人们可以在公共场所免费弹钢琴，这个项目也可以帮助人们互相交流。现在这个项目也传到英国和巴西，在那里受到了热烈欢迎。
91．句意：也许钢琴太贵了，你买不起。根据“Perhaps a piano is too expensive”和首字母a可知，此处指买不起钢琴，动词afford“买得起”符合句意，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填(a)fford。
92．句意：现在，多亏了悉尼一项名为“弹奏我，我就是你的"的计划，人们可以在公共场所免费弹钢琴了。根据“several parks, a tabus stop and on some streets”和首字母p可知，钢琴被放在公共场所，public“公共的”符合句意。故填(p)ublic。
93．句意：30架钢琴被放置在城市的不同地方，包括几个公园、一个公交车站和一些街道上。根据“in several parks, a tabus stop and on some streets”和首字母d可知，此处指不同的地方。故填(d)ifferent。
94．句意：30架钢琴被放置在城市的城币的不同地方，包括几个公园、一个公交车站和一些街道上。根据“in several parks, a t a bus stop and on some streets”和首学母i可知，此处是举例说明具体的地方，介词including“包括”符合句意。故填(i)ncluding。
95．句意：人们被邀请用钢琴演奏音乐或唱歌，无论他们的能力如何。根据“to play music or sing songs with the pianos, no matter what level of ability they have.”和首字母i可知，此处指钢琴无声地邀请人们演奏，人们与邀请之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，动词用过去分词。故填(i)nvited。
96．句意：很多人都被这个节目所吸引，并停下来观看或演奏钢琴。根据“play the pianos”和首字母w可知，此处指人们被吸引来观看或弹奏钢琴，to后跟动词原形，故填(w)atch。
97．句意：他认为很多人都坐在电脑前，整天忙于工作，几乎没有机会享受音乐。根据“with their work all hours”可知，此处考查形容词短语be busy with sth“忙于某事”。故填(b)usy。
98．句意：他认为很多人都坐在电脑前，整天忙于工作，几乎没有机会享受音乐。根据“have any chance to enjoy music”及首字母s可知，此处填否定副词，表示“几乎不”，故填(s)eldom。
99．句意：所以这个项目的目的是帮助他们放松和结交新朋友。根据“to help them relax and make new friends”和首字母p可知，此处说的是项目的目的，purpose“目的”符合句意。故填(p)urpose。
100．句意：但它最大的成功似乎是在悉尼艺术节上。根据“seems to come at the Sydney Festival.”和首字母s可知，此处指最大的成功，名词success“成功”符合句意。故填(s)uccess。
101．(e)verywhere 102．(t)hem 103．(w)orked 104．(s)uccessful 105．(u)sed 106．(b)rushes 107．(d)escribes 108．(s)kill(s) 109．(c)opy 110．(c)ollected
【导语】本文主要讲述了数千年来，中国人对龙充满敬意。在中国，龙的图案随处可见，尤其在宫殿和寺庙。南宋画家陈容的《九龙图》是龙题材的经典之作。
101．句意：在中国，你几乎到处都会发现龙的图片，尤其是在宫殿和寺庙里。根据句意以及首字母e提示可知，空格处需要填入一个副词来修饰“almost”，表示“几乎到处都是”的意思。故填(e)verywhere。
102．句意：许多中国艺术家都尝试过画龙。南宋时期的伟大画家陈容就是其中之一。根据“Many Chinese artists have tried their hand at painting the dragon. Chen Rong, a great painter in the Southern Song Dynasty, was among t...”和首字母t提示，可以推断出空格处应填写代词“them”，代指前面提到的“Many Chinese artists”。故填(t)hem。
103．句意：他曾经为杭州的政府工作。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个动词的过去式，根据首字母“w”和语境可知，最合适的词是“worked”，表示“工作”。故填(w)orked。
104．句意：作为一个官员，他不是很成功。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个形容词来修饰“he”，与后文的“However”形成转折关系。根据首字s提示可知，最合适的词是“successful”，表示“成功的”。故填(s)uccessful。
105．句意：据说陈容习惯于在喝了很多酒之后画画。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个动词短语，表示陈容过去的一个习惯或行为。根据首字母“u”和语境可知，最合适的短语是“used to”，表示“过去常常做某事”。故填(u)sed。
106．句意：他会用画笔来完成他的作品。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个名词，作为“use”的宾语，表示陈容用来完成画作的工具。根据语境和首字母b提示可知，画家在完成画作时通常使用“brush”（刷子，画笔），因为画作是多个元素的组合，用复数形式“brushes”。故填(b)rushes。
107．句意：这幅画描绘了九条龙在云、浪、火和悬崖之间翻滚、游泳和跳舞。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个动词，作为句子的谓语，描述《九龙图》这幅画的内容。根据语境和首字母“d”可知，最合适的动词是“describe”，表示“描绘，描述”，主语为The painting，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填((d)escribes。
108．句意：它展示了陈容生活中的巨大悲伤和他在书法上的高超技艺。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个名词，描述陈荣在毛笔字方面的特点。根据语境和首字母“s”，最合适的名词是“skill”，表示“技能，技艺”，表示多项技能时，用复数形式，此处没有明确规定，单复数均可。故填(s)kill(s)。
109．句意：他非常喜欢这幅画，以至于他让一位画家复制了一幅。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个名词，作为“make”的宾语。根据语境和首字母“c”，最合适的名词是“copy”，表示“复制品，副本”，空前有a，用单数形式。故填(c)opy。
110．句意：遗憾的是，《九龙图》没有被任何中国博物馆收藏。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式，与“is not”一起构成被动语态，表示《九龙图》的当前状态。根据语境和首字母“c”，最合适的动词是“collect”，其过去分词形式是“collected”，表示“被收藏”。故填(c)ollected。
111．(w)hile 112．(c)hanged 113．(s)erious 114．(f)riendly 115．(r)educe 116．(t)urning 117．(r)emember 118．(o)nly 119．(p)rotect 120．(d)ifference
【导语】本文讲述的是地球是我们的家，我们人类的一些坏的做法使得地球环境深受破坏，为了拯救地球，我们应该采取一些措施来保护我们的地球。
111．句意：我们所做的一些事对地球有益，但有些事却是有害的。前后表示转折，由于首字母w，所以是while“然而”。故填(w)hile。
112．句意：我们砍伐了太多的树木，许多肥沃的土地变成了沙漠。根据“so lots of rich land has c.. into desert”因此许多肥沃的土地……沙漠，结合首字母c，所以是变成沙漠。由于此句是现在完成时，所以是动词过去分词changed。故填(c)hanged。
113．句意：污染已经引发了许多严重的问题。分析句子可知，横线上是形容词修饰名词problems，由于后文“The earth is crying for help.”可知问题严重，由于首字母是s，所以是形容词serious“严重的”。故填(s)erious。
114．句意：这意味着我们可以购买和使用
备战2024-2025年八年级英语下期期末高频易错考点专练（牛津译林版）
专题09 根据首字母提示完成短文25篇
Passage1
（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
Big data (大数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put t 1 , so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answer or patterns (样本) in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources (来源), such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and governments. One set of data can have people’s n 2 and addresses. A 3 set can have what they like, where they study and how much time they s 4 on the computer.
Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people t 5 on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems b 6 . Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or panies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see w 7 people eat the most ice-cream.
Big data can be used for g 8 reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict (预测) if a baby who is born too early will get s 9 . The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict (预测) which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done a 10 wrong.
Passage2
（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
Many of you should hear of the book Tiangong Kaiwu. It is one of the greatest technological encyclopedias written in C 11 . But how much do you know about its author, Song Yingxing
Song was a great scientist d 12 the late Ming dynasty. He was born in 1587 and had a happy childhood. He and his brother Song Yingsheng went to school together. Song won third place w 13 Yingming won sixth in the provincial Imperial Exam (科举考试). Later, they took the national Imperial Exam, but they b 14 failed.
Song worked as a teacher for many years. Meanwhile, he took part in the national Imperial Exam for another four times. Unluckily, he never achieved s 15 . However, he learned about the technologies that were used in different fields on his repeated trips to the capital to take the exams. His wide k 16 made him finish writing Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s.
The book c 17 more than 130 technologies. There were also many illustrations (插图) to help with the understanding of the text. The book became popular soon a 18 it came out.
The Ming dynasty fell in 1644. They r 19 to work for the new Qing government. In his final years, he wrote many articles and poems against (反对) the new government.
Years later, some Qing officials found these articles and poems. They were so a 20 that they burned all of Song’s works. However, Tiangong Kaiwu had already spread to many other countries.
Passage3
（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
In recent years, it has become popular for women to wear a traditional qipao dress. Especially during the National College Entrance Examination, better k 21 as the “gaokao”, many mothers wear “qipao” to wish their children good l 22 in the exam.
The reason is that “qipao” stands for the Chinese phrase “qi kai de sheng”, m 23 victory. Some people believe the qipao came from gowns (长袍) w 24 by women in the Qing Dynasty. Influenced by Western c 25 , it changed continually during the early 20th century, becoming more fitted and body-hugging (贴身的).
After years of development, the qipao is now m 26 divided into Beijing styles, Shanghai styles and Hong Kong styles. There are many d 27 in color and design.
The Beijing-style qipao is more traditional than Shanghai-style and Hong Kong-style qipaos. The colours of Beijing-style qipaos are m 28 brighter. High-quality Beijing-style qipaos are usually made by hand, so the price is very h 29 .
The qipao is a very classic product to represent the beauty of traditional Chinese clothing. It shows not only the h 30 of the Han people, but also the footprints of other cultures on the land.
Passage4
（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据对话内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使对话完整。（每空一词）
The three girls were very kind to us. They p 31 a lovely dinner and gave us their bedrooms to sleep in. I felt really b 32 that the king and the duke were cheating (欺骗) them. I must do s 33 to stop them. So I put the bag of gold under Peter’s hands b 34 the coffin (棺材) were closed and taken to the graveyard.
Later the king and the duke organised a sale to get money. It was a 35 over when two people came: very nice-looking gentlemen, an old one and a younger one.
The old man began to s 36 . “I am Harvey Wilks and this is my brother William,” he said.
I wasn’t expecting this. The king wasn’t either, but he didn’t show his s 37 . He laughed and said, “They are telling a lie!” All the people shouted to agree e 38 Doctor Robinson and Levi Bell.
“We must find out the truth,” Levi Bell said. “Can you prove (证明) you are Peter Wilks’ brothers ”
The old gentleman t 39 for a moment. Then he turned to the king and said, “Peter had a tattoo on his chest. What was it ” The king’s face went p 40 and didn’t say anything for a few minutes.
Then he said, “I can tell you. It was a small blue arrow.”
— Taken from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Passage5
（23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）根据首字母提示写出文中所缺的单词。
Which animal do you think is the No. I pet in China, cats or dogs Many people think cats are the winners.
According to , the number of pet cats in China increased (增长) to 69.8 m 41 in 2023! It is higher than that of pet dogs in the same year.
Why do s 42 many people choose cats
Liu Lang, a 28-year-old policeman, thinks that looking after dogs is h 43 than cats. “Dogs n 44 walking every day. It is difficult, especially for young and middle-aged people with a lot of w 45 to do.” said Liu.
Keeping a cat also makes a difference to someone who lives a 46 . It brings companionship (陪伴) and joy. Chen Haoxing is a retired (退休的) worker. In his s 47 time, he often watches his cats play on the lawn. “They make my life m 48 fantastic.” he said.
However, some doctors warn that keeping cats may bring some t 49 . If some one is allergic (对……过敏的) to cat hair, it is dangerous for him to stay w 50 a cat. Moreover, if someone has difficulty in sleeping at night, the meow (喵喵叫) of a cat can be very disturbing (烦扰人的).
So, which animal would you like to keep
Passage6
（23-24八年级下·江苏连云港·期末）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
The UK is a country with good manners. How can you behave properly as a stranger in the UK Here is some u 51 information for you.
British people usually say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the f 52 time. They only greet relatives or c 53 friends with a kiss. They like to start a conversation with s 54 like the weather, holidays, music or books. They avoid t 55 about age, weight or money.
In public, British people always keep their voice down instead of shouting or laughing l 56 . If you’re in their way, they’ll say “e 57 me” and be polite enough to wait till you move. British people are p 58 at home too. They say “please” or “thank you” all the time. Instead of saying “no”, they often say “I’m all right, thank you” when they want to r 59 something.
Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” When we are in a s 60 place, we should try to understand and respect (尊重) the local culture.
Passage7
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
The Chinese character Fu is a necessity in Spring Festival celebrations. Nowadays, Fu, as a cultural sign, e 61 people’s best wishes for the coming year. Yet, in the past, the character mainly meant luck and fortune.
The tradition (传统) of sticking the character Fu on w 62 and doors has been around for a long time. It’s recorded that people already practised this tradition in the Song Dynasty. The character can be w 63 or printed. It can be stuck either normally or upside down, because in Chinese, the “reversed Fu” and “Fu arrives” sound s 64 to each other, both being pronounced as “Fu dao le”.
There is a story about the origin of sticking the “reversed Fu”. Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, once used the character fu as a secret signal to kill a family for insulting (侮辱) his wife, Empress Ma. To a 65 the disaster, the kind-hearted empress ordered every family in the capital to stick the character Fu in front of their own doors.
All the people followed the empress’s order, but one family didn’t know h 66 to read or write. They had stuck the character upside down. On the second day when the soldiers went to the streets, they found the character e 67 , including the upside down one. When the emperor heard this, he said, a 68 to the soldiers, “I will kill the family who stuck the character differently.”
But Empress Ma e 69 , “That family had known that you would come to visit them today, so they stuck the character upside down on purpose. Doesn’t that have the same m 70 as ‘Fu comes’ ” The emperor agreed with his wife and set the family free.
From that time on, people began to stick Fu upside down for the purpose of hoping for luck and remembering Empress Ma.
Passage8
（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
What is Earth Hour
Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and it’s a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening, people “go d 71 ,” that is, turn off lights in their homes, schools and businesses all at the same time for one hour.
Earth Hour started in Australia in 2007, when 2.2 million people in Sydney turned off all unnecessary lights for an hour. Since then, it has grown into an i 72 event, and many countries around the world have taken part. Famous buildings that have gone dark for Earth Hour include Buckingham Palace in London, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the Forbidden City in Beijing and New York’s Empire State Building. E 73 astronauts on the Space Station have taken part by reducing their power use on the station, and Google has shown its s 74 by making a dark homepage for the event.
What’s the idea b 75 Earth Hour
The idea is to raise awareness of environmental issues and call for a 76 to protect nature. It’s true that switching off the lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power. But this is only the b 77 .
On one level, joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of environmental issues and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature. For example, eating less meat, using low-energy electrical items instead of high-energy o 78 and using green forms of transport all help the planet.
But on another level, a large number of people all acting t 79 sends a powerful message to governments and companies. It p 80 them to take action on a large scale by considering green issues when making big decisions.
Passage9
（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
My name is Huckleberry Finn. I live in the town of St. Petersburg in the state of Missouri. It’s a small town but it’s near a very big river c 81 the Mississippi. This is the story of a journey that I made down that river on a raft.
Tom Sawyer and I found $12,000 in a cave which made us rich. We got $6,000 e 82 . Judge Thatcher put it in the bank.
I didn’t have a f 83 or a home. My mother died a long time ago and then my dad, Pap, disappeared. I didn’t go to school like the other boys of my a 84 . I lived on the streets and in the woods.
Then a kind old lady called Widow Douglas invited me to live with her and my life c 85 . She gave me a bed to sleep in and bought me new clothes. She sent me to school every day. I didn’t like going there at first b 86 learning was very difficult. But when I could read and write a bit, I was g 87 to go. For me, eating my meals at the table and sleeping in a soft bed were the h 88 things. I missed my old life. Sometimes I ran away and spent a few days in the woods. I felt f 89 there and I was happy. I fished and hunted all day. At night I slept under the stars.
The months passed and w 90 came. The weather got cold. One morning I saw some footprints in the snow outside the widow’s house. There was a cross on the heel of the left one. My heart jumped. Only one person wore boots with a cross on the left heel! Pap!
—Taken from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Passage10
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）根据首字母提示及短文内容填写所缺的单词，使短文完整通顺。
Perhaps your childhood piano lessons made you never want to play the piano again. Perhaps a piano is too expensive for you to a 91 . Now, thanks to a program in Sydney called “Play Me, I’m yours”, people are able to play the piano in many p 92 places for free. They share beautiful music, and the program also helps them communicate with each other.
Thirty pianos have been placed in d 93 parts of the city, i 94 in several parks, at a bus stop and on some streets. The pianos have the logo “Play Me, I’m yours” on them.
People are usually i 95 in playing music or singing songs with the pianos, no matter what level of ability they have. Lots of people have been attracted to the program and stopped to w 96 or play the pianos.
“Play Me, I’m yours” is a part of the Sydney Festival. It is a project of the British artist, Luck Jerram. He wants to help people in the city connect with each other. He thinks that so many people are sitting in front of computers too long and b 97 with their work all hours and they s 98 have any chance to enjoy music. So the main p 99 of the project is to help them relax and make new friends.
The program “Play Me, I’m yours” has also reached England and Brazil before. It was warmly welcomed there. But the program won its greatest s 100 at the Sydney Festival.
“It’s a good chance for people to be creative, connect with strangers and just have some fun,” Jerram said.
Passage11
（23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期末）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1~10的相应位置上。
For thousands of years, the Chinese people have had a deep respect (尊敬) for Loong, the Chinese dragon. In China, you’ll find pictures of dragons almost e 101 especially in palaces and temples. Some of them are more than 3, 500 years old.
Many Chinese artists have tried their hand at painting the dragon. Chen Rong, a great painter in the Southern Song Dynasty, was among t 102 . His Nine Dragons is one of the greatest paintings of the Chinese dragon.
Chen Rong was born in Fujian in 1200. He once w 103 for the government in Hangzhou. As an officer, he wasn’t very s 104 . However, he achieved a great success in poetry, calligraphy (书法) and painting.
It was said that Chen Rong u 105 to paint after drinking a lot of wine. After getting drunk, he would shout loudly, put his scarf in ink and pour the ink madly on paper. After that, he would use b 106 to finish his work. His words on Nine Dragons show that he finished it when he was completely drunk.
The painting Nine Dragons d 107 nine dragons rolling, swimming and dancing among clouds, waves, fires and cliffs. It shows Chen’s great sadness in his life and his great s 108 in brush work.
Nine Dragons was once treasured at court (宫廷), the Qianlong Emperor spoke highly of it. He liked the painting so much that he told a painter to make a c 109 of it.
Sadly, Nine Dragons is not c 110 by any Chinese museum. If you want to see it with your own eyes, you have to visit the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The museum bought the painting in 1917 for $25, 000. At present the market price of it is about 500 million yuan.
Passage12
（23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整, 每空一词。
The earth is our home. Some things we have done are good for the earth w 111 some are bad. We have polluted the earth, and it is sick now. We cut down too many trees, so lots of rich land has c 112 into desert. Factories pour wastewater into river. Pollution has caused many s 113 problems. The earth is crying for help. What shall we do to save it We should be different from many consumers (消费者) and become “green consumers”. This means that we can buy and use things f 114 to the environment. We can also recycle as many things as possible. We should also try to be “greener people”. We can plant more trees. We can ride bikes or take buses to r 115 air pollution. We shall never leave a room with the lights on. We can save water by taking shorter showers and t 116 off the tap when brushing teeth. We should r 117 to separate waste into different groups before throwing it away.
After all, we have o 118 one Earth. We should do everything to p 119 it, or we will be punished and lose our home. Lean to live in new and different ways, and we can make a d 120 .
Passage13
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期末）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Hanging a red lantern in front of the door is believed to drive off bad luck. The first Chinese paper lanterns in h 121 were invented during the Eastern Han Dynasty. In ancient China, people raised lanterns to get light and wish for a better life. Also, lanterns were widely used on festivals. Nowadays, it has become a tradition that b 122 big cities and small towns are filled with red lanterns during the festival.
The materials for making lanterns are s 123 . People can make bamboo, wood and metal into frames (框架) of lanterns. Paper and silk are the m 124 materials for covers. People like to paint beautiful Chinese pictures on them. The traditional lantern is covered by rice paper with a c 125 burning inside. Light shines t 126 the rice paper at night. That is really Chinese style. The most common Chinese lanterns are red, round and with red or golden tassels (流苏). They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good w 127 . In Chinese culture, lanterns in different colors e 128 different meanings.
People usually light several lanterns for the Chinese New Year, and enjoy lantern shows with family members t 129 during the Lantern Festival. Happiness and joy s 130 into thousands of families by these different lanterns. Lanterns are also used in all kinds of celebrations. Lanterns have become the national pride in China.
Passage14
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）
One day in July I was completely well again, I put some food and water in a bag and went exploring (探险). I walked along the coast u 131 I got to a small river. Then I followed it across the island. The land on b 132 sides of the river was very pleasant. It was flat and green and many different plants were growing there. I looked for things to eat, but I didn’t find anything. The next day I decided to go f 133 . I was curious to see more of the green valley. I w 134 for many hours and finally I arrived in a place with many trees. I could see oranges and lemons on them. I also saw grapes and melons too.
“The north side of the island is better than the south,” I thought. “There are lots of thing to eat. The weather is better here too. I c 135 the bad side for my house.”
I didn’t go home that night. I slept in a tree and c 136 exploring the next morning. Before I left that place, I filled my pockets with fruit.
“I must come back with bags and get some more,” I thought. “But I must h 137 because the wet season starts in August”.
I made several more trips during the following weeks and took back as much f 138 as I could. While I was there, I built a small tent to s 139 in. Now I had a country house and a seaside house!
It rained more or less every day between the middle of August and the middle of October and I had to stay inside. But when the weather c 140 , I often went to my country house.
—-Taken from The adventures of Robinson Crusoe
Passage15
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）
China is an old country with a rich culture. When travelling to China, understanding Chinese c 141 and customs (习俗) is important for you to behave in a good way.
It’s becoming popular for foreigners to be i 142 into Chinese homes. Being invited to a Chinese family’s home can be a wonderful and warm e 143 . Chinese people are known to be very welcoming (好客). When you’re invited to a Chinese family’s home, make sure that you arrive on time. Don’t forget to say good words about s 144 special you like in the house. Gifts are usually given when visiting someone’s home or being invited for dinner. Chinese people like to r 145 fruit or tea in a nice box or basket.
After some small talks, c 146 the dinner. A Chinese dinner table is a happy place, full of delicious food and conversation. When invited over for dinner, make sure to notice what everybody e 147 is doing and try to do the same. You’d better eat plenty of food to show you’re enjoying it. Don’t finish off the w 148 dish, but leave a small amount of food on the plates. It shows that the host has prepared enough food.
For foreigners, Chinese people may be very curious (好奇的). Chinese people aren’t afraid to ask personal questions, even if you’ve met for the f 149 time. So, don’t be surprised to be asked things like your age, your education or your work. You do not have to answer these questions. If you don’t want to talk about your own life, just explain to them.
Enjoy y 150 in the warm and welcoming world of the local Chinese. As a guest in China, you will get special treatment. And your hosts make sure you will have a good time.
Passage16
（22-23八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）根据首字母提示写出文中所缺的单词。
Dear chairperson,
I would like to be a volunteer for the 2023 Special Olympics World Games in Berlin, German. The Special Olympics are h 151 every four years. They help children and adults with intellectual disabilities show t 152 skills to the world. The events are s 153 to those in the Olympics. Athletes are really great and never g 154 up their dreams.
As volunteers, the most important thing is not to have pity on the athletes, but to help them. W 155 they are sad, we will encourage them to feel more confident. We work c 156 with each other, and we make the event a great success.
I think it is good for me to be a volunteer b 157 I expect to learn a lot from those great athletes. I have a lot of useful skills, such as speaking English well, communicating well w 158 athletes. To be a volunteer will be the m 159 amazing experience of my life. If everyone can give a helping hand, we will have a world full of love and sunshine.
It will be my great honor to become a volunteer for the event. I hope you can accept me and help me achieve my d 160 .
Yours faithfully,
Wu Bing
Passage17
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容及首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，每空一词。
When I was a child, my mom was in poor health, so I’ve dreamed of becoming a doctor. Now I’m a surgeon (外科大夫). Let me tell you something about working as a doctor.
A medical school student can be a doctor. But if you want to get into a top h 161 , you must get your doctoral degree (学位) from one of the best universities. It usually takes eight to eleven years b 162 getting a doctoral degree.
Doctors need different qualities and a 163 . At school, medical students study all the basic subjects, and then we c 164 our specialty (专业). It is necessary for a surgeon to have two perfect h 165 and a strong body as he/she does important operations. Pediatricians (儿童医生) need to be good at communicating as they often do with k 166 . Doctors in top hospitals also have teaching tasks because new doctors need to be t 167 .
Every day, we spend time seeing patients in clinics and inpatient departments. We need to talk with them and their f 168 , we also need to have meetings with other doctors, plan treatment and w 169 medical records.
So if you choose to become a doctor, you’d better forget about having full weekends or holidays like o 170 . But I still want to say working as a doctor can be busy but rewarding.
Passage18
（22-23八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
An event of warm and friendly exchanges about giant pandas was hosted in Tokyo on March 17, 2023. More than 230 giant panda fans a 171 the big party at a hotel in Tokyo.
A film was shown on cooperation (合作) between the two c 172 on giant panda protection and research. That made the viewers think of happy memories about pandas.
“When I was a child, I would stand in a l 173 queue with my family to see giant pandas. It’s an e 174 I will always remember,” said one of the fans.
“We are ready to work c 175 with Japan and other countries to build the Earth into a truly peaceful home,” said Yang Yu, the Chinese embassy (大使) in Japan.
“I can feel everyone’s deep l 176 for giant pandas. I hope to go to China as s 177 as possible to see them, and to show more of the real China to Japanese people,” said a Japanese artist.
“T 178 the giant pandas, I can better introduce Chinese culture to everyone and let people feel the beauty of China,” said the special researcher at the University of Tokyo.
Zhu Jianrong, a professor at Japan’s Tokyo University, e 179 his ideas about the event, “When it comes to giant pandas, people have a lot to share.” He has long supported the friendly exchanges between China and Japan. He also said, “We need more such events like this tonight to offer a chance to the Japanese people to have a b 180 understanding of China. We will always remember what pandas bring us.”
Passage19
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词，使短文完整。（每空一词）
With the increasing population and cars, many countries w 181 they won’t have enough fuel or petrol (汽油) soon, so fuel price has risen up to n 182 10 yuan per litre (升). As a result, the c 183 of running a petrol-based car becomes higher and higher.
Have you ever thought of b 184 an electric (电) car Now it’s clear that we all need to act on our empty wallet as well as serious climate (气候) change, however, will people really be ready to make changes in their lives Can we really make our e 185 greener than it is now
If you want to buy an electric car, which would you like That is a question. It all d 186 on your personal taste. On May 28, 2022, so many electronic smart cars made by Chinese auto companies a 187 at Greater Bay Area Auto Show in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, which caught lots of young people’s eyes.
However, electric cars aren’t perfect just yet. It may t 188 eight hours or more to charge (充电) a car for only 300 km of driving. Many people think it a waste of time. Price is a problem, too. Electric cars cost much. The good news is that electric-car technology (技术) is getting better. As it does, the prices of this kind of cars are going down.
In order to charge the car more easily, our Chinese government is trying to build more charging stations a 189 the country. And it will be a good chance to work out the problem of charging on a long-distance trip.
Now car-makers are looking for other ways to make the car cheaper. Then more people will use electric cars and we will have a clean and green world in the near f 190 . Maybe, you can give them an opportunity, especially those made in China.
Passage20
（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）
Oxfam International, usually known as Oxfam, is one of the biggest charities. Oxfam’s ideas are simple: everybody in the world must have the right to live, f 191 to keep them healthy, clean water to drink and medical care. All these ideas are connected.
Oxfam began its work d 192 World War Ⅱ. At that time the Greeks didn’t have enough to eat because of the war. People in Oxford d 193 to give money and food to people in Greece. So the name Oxfam comes from two w 194 —Oxford and Famine (饥荒).
After the war Oxfam joined other organizations to form Oxfam International. Nowadays this charity helps people in over ninety c 195 in Africa, South America and Asia.
Oxfam works in two ways. Firstly, it o 196 help in emergencies (紧急事件). In 2010 there was a big earthquake in Haiti. Over 200,000 people died and many more l 197 their homes. Doctors and volunteers provided medical help and gave out food and brought clean water to the villages. The s 198 way Oxfam works is to help people prevent future disasters. Oxfam has started a project called GROW, which helps farmers produce more and better food.
But how does Oxfam pay for it all In order to raise money, this charity has run charity shops, where you can buy things that people d 199 , like clothes, toys and food. Another way to get money is with “ambassadors”, famous people who do voluntary work for charities and collect money. Ambassadors have different skills b 200 the message they send is the same—we should do what we can to help people in need!
Passage21
（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Many of you should have heard of Tiangong Kaiwu. It is one of the greatest technological encyclopedias written in C 201 . But how much do you know about its author, Song Yingxing
Song was a great scientist d 202 the late Ming dynasty. He was born in 1587 and had a happy childhood. He and his brother Song Yingshen g went to school together. Song won third place while Yingming won sixth in the provincial Imperial Exam (科举考试). Later, they took the national Imperial Exam, but they b 203 failed.
Song worked as a teacher for many years. Meanwhile, he sat for the national Imperial Exam for another four times. Unluckily, he never achieved success. On his repeated trips to the capital to take the exams, however, he learned about the technologies that were being used in d 204 fields. His wide k 205 enabled him to create Tiangong Kaiwu in the 1630s.
The book c 206 more than 130 technologies. There were also many illustrations (插图) to help with the understanding of the text. The book became popular soon a 207 it came out.
The Ming dynasty fell in 1644, but they were loyal to the Ming government. They r 208 to serve the new Qing government. Song lived a poor life in the rest of his life. In his final years, he wrote many articles and poems a 209 the new government.
Years later, some Qing officials found these articles and poems. They were so angry that they destroyed all of Song’s works. However, Tiangong Kaiwu had already s 210 to many other countries.
Passage22
（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
On 18 May, International Museum Day is celebrated around the world. It’s an event that aims to make people think about what museums o 211 and why they are exciting places to visit.
A museum is a place where objects from far away or long ago are d 212 for the public to enjoy. There are hundreds of museums around the UK. What can you e 213 to see in a typical museum Things can include animal skeletons from around the world, dinosaur remains, ancient tools, important paintings and items belonging to kings and queens. Museums have all kinds of things that will amaze and c 214 your attention. For example, the Oxford University Museum of Natural History has bones and skin of the extinct dodo bird. There are no o 215 dodo remains like this in the world.
As well as things to see, there are fun attractions to e 216 . London’s Natural History Museum has an earthquake simulator and at the National Space Centre, you can ride in a lift alongside a space rocket.
“I have been to lots of museums. I enjoy visiting museums because you go back in time and imagine w 217 life was like back then. I really like museums that let you play and interact with some of the artifacts.”
So how to visit the museums Start with a l 218 museum. With the help of an adult, search online for a place that’s near you and see what attractions it has and when it’s o 219 . Check if you need to pay to visit and whether you must book before going. Museums can get very b 220 at weekends and during school holidays.
Passage23
（22-23八年级下·江苏南通·期末）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
For a long time, the small city of Zibo in Shandong wasn’t a major place of interest in China. But this past March, 4.8 million tourists from across the country visited the city. And it’s all thanks to its barbecue (烧烤).
Zibo barbecue is served in a special w 221 . Diners don’t directly eat the meat off skewers (串肉杆). I 222 , they put two or three of the skewers in a small pancake with some scallions (青 葱). Next, they turn the pancake into a small roll and p 223 the skewers out. Then it’s time to enjoy this different-tasting food.
Zibo barbecue became p 224 online in early March. Since then, the local government has tried to give tourists an unforgettable e 225 during their stay. It has added special “barbecue trains” on weekends. It has also offered free barbecue maps and shuttle buses to help meat lovers reach the restaurants. Moreover, business owners will be p 226 if they are caught cheating (欺骗) customers.
The locals are glad to see the tourists in their hometown. They see this as a c 227 for this old city to d 228 its tourism. To help, the government has added 21 bus routes to make it easier to travel throughout the city. Tourists can e 229 visit some places of interest for free. A lot of sites have already seen a quick rise in the n 230 of tourists.
But the popularity of Internet-famous places is often short-lived. It won’t be easy to change Zibo’s image into a tourism attraction. “So, it’s important for the local government to consider what else the city can offer, said one tourism expert.
Passage24
（22-23八年级下·江苏南通·期末）阅读短文，根据所给的首字母提示，写出一个合适的单词，使短文通顺。
Recently the term “carbon neutral (碳中和)” has been a public topic. Being carbon neutral means cutting d 231 carbon emissions (碳排放) to zero or balancing (均衡) them out by taking some carbon out of the atmosphere (大气层). Carbon emissions make the climate (气候) change for the w 232 and the temperatures rise. They are caused by all kinds of human activities. Burning fossil fuels (化工燃料) like coal, oil and gas to p 233 energy is a main source of carbon emissions.
China has promised to be carbon-neutral by 2060. To achieve this goal (目标), we will face many challenges (挑战). However, many hands make light work. We students can also make contributions (贡献) to helping r 234 this goal. Here’re some suggestions:
Travel in a green way
Since driving cars has caused serious air problems, we’d better do more walking or cycling instead of driving. By doing so, we can save energy and reduce air p 235 .
Save water
Lack (缺乏) of water resources will be h 236 to the ecological (生态的) environment. So please turn off the tap after using it.
Plant more trees
A good way of balancing out the carbon emissions is to plant trees b 237 trees can take in CO2 as they grow.
Reduce food waste
Schools can encourage students to save food by comparing (对比) how much food is not eaten by students after each meal. They can w 238 the leftovers (剩余饭菜) by putting them on the scale (秤). Also, they can put the leftovers into a machine that can t 239 the waste into useful things. For example, some waste can be put in the garden to help plants grow.
Let’s join together to see how small changes can make a big d 240 .
Passage25
（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
On May Day, my father and I went back to my hometown—Zibo in Shandong—to try Zibo barbecue (烧烤). Recently, the l 241 food there has become so popular that people all over China travel there to taste it.
On the w 242 to Zibo, my father told me a story. Last year during the COVID-19 pandemic (疫情), thousands of college students had to stay in Zibo. The local government h 243 students to get through that period and offered a great barbecue dinner when it was over. The government officers also invited the students to come b 244 to Zibo again when spring came. I was touched when I heard this.
At 5 p.m., we a 245 at the restaurant. My father had booked a table two days earlier. Otherwise, there wouldn’t be any seats for us. There are some d 246 between Zibo’s barbecue and the ones in other cities. Zibo’s barbecue restaurants have a small grill (烤架) on each table. People need to cook on the grill by t 247 . When the food is ready, you put it onto a small pancake, and then add scallions (葱) and sauce before eating.
Some local people even put off (推迟) their orders when they heard there weren’t e 248 seats. They wanted tourists from other places to have more c 249 to eat.
After eating the delicious food, I kept thinking about why Zibo became p 250 . Is it the promise between the government and the college students, or the only, tasty food, or the kind people
参考答案
1．(t)ogether 2．(n)ames 3．(A)nother 4．(s)pend 5．(t)ravel 6．(b)etter 7．(w)hen 8．(g)ood 9．(s)ick 10．(a)nything
【导语】本文主要围绕大数据进行展开，介绍大数据的概念、用途和其两面性。
1．句意：大数据是大量的信息集合在一起，因此它们可以被计算机程序使用。由“Big data (大数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put”及首字母可知，大数据是把信息集合在一起，together“一起”符合语境。故填(t)ogether。
2．句意：一组数据可以包含人们的姓名和地址。由“One set of data can have people’s…and addresses”及首字母可知，此处指人的名字和地址，name“名字”符合语境，address用了复数形式，名字也应用复数形式。故填(n)ames。
3．句意：另一组可以有他们喜欢的东西，他们在哪里学习以及他们花在电脑上的时间。由“One set of data”及首字母可知，此处指另一个，another“另一个”符合语境。故填(A)nother。
4．句意：另一组可以有他们喜欢的东西，他们在哪里学习以及他们花在电脑上的时间。由“how much time they…on the computer”及首字母可知，此处指花费时间，spend“花费”符合语境，句子为一般现在时，they作主语，谓语动词用原形。故填(s)pend。
5．句意：政府用它来了解有多少人乘坐公共汽车或火车出行。由“The government uses it to understand how many people…on buses or trains”及首字母可知，此处指乘坐公共汽车或火车出行，travel“旅行”符合语境，句子为一般现在时，people作主语，谓语动词用原形。故填(t)ravel。
6．句意：然后，这些信息被用来改善公共汽车或火车系统。由“This information is then used to make bus or train systems”及首字母可知，此处指用大数据得到的信息让交通系统变得比之前更好，better“更好”符合语境。故填(b)etter。
7．句意：例如，一家公司使用天气数据来查看人们什么时候吃最多的冰淇淋。由“For example, one company uses weather data to see…people eat the most ice-cream”及首字母可知，指吃冰淇淋的时间，应用when引导时间状语从句。故填(w)hen。
8．句意：大数据可以被用于好的理由。由“Big data can also be used for bad reasons”及首字母可知，此处指好的理由，good“好的”符合语境。故填(g)ood。
9．句意：一些医院使用大数据来预测早产婴儿是否会生病。由“The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby”及首字母可知，此处指预测早产婴儿是否生病，sick“生病的”符合语境，形容词作表语。故填(s)ick。
10．句意：它可以用来预测哪种人可能违法或伤害他人，即使他们没有做错任何事。由“Big data can also be used for bad reasons”及首字母可知，此处应是指人没有做什么错事，anything“任何事情”符合语境。故填(a)nything。
11．(C)hinese 12．(d)uring 13．(w)hile 14．(b)oth 15．(s)uccess 16．(k)nowledge 17．(c)overed 18．(a)fter/(a)s 19．(r)efused 20．(a)ngry
【导语】本文主要介绍了《天工开物》的作者宋应星的生平。
11．句意：它是用中文写的最伟大的科技百科全书之一。根据“written in ...”可知，in后应跟语言，结合首字母可知，此处指Chinese“中文”。故填(C)hinese。
12．句意：宋是明末一位杰出的科学家。根据“the late Ming dynasty”及首字母可知，此处指在明朝末期的时候，介词during“在……期间”符合语境。故填(d)uring。
13．句意：宋在省科举考试中获第三名，而应明获第六名。根据“Song won third place w... Yingming won sixth”可知，空前后是表示对比，用while“然而”符合语境。故填(w)hile。
14．句意：后来，他们参加了全国科举考试，但他们都失败了。根据“Later, they took the national Imperial Exam, but they b... failed.”可知，此处是指他们两兄弟都在全国科举考试中失败了，both“两者都”。故填(b)oth。
15．句意：不幸的是，他从未取得成功。根据“he took part in the national Imperial Exam for another four times. Unluckily”可知，他又参加了四次全国科举考试，不幸的是，他没有取得成功，动词achieved后跟名词success“成功”。故填(s)uccess。
16．句意：他的广博知识使他在17世纪30年代完成了《天工开物》的写作。根据“made him finish writing Tiangong Kaiwu”及首字母可知，是指他广博的知识，空处用不可数名词knowledge“知识”。故填(k)nowledge。
17．句意：这本书涵盖了130多项技术。根据“more than 130 technologies”可知，是指这本书涵盖了130多项技术，cover“覆盖，包含”，句子为一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故填(c)overed。
18．句意：这本书出版后很快就很受欢迎/这本书一出版就很受欢迎。根据“The book became popular soon a.. it came out.”可知，是指书出版后就很受欢迎，用after“在……之后”，引导时间状语从句；也可用as“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故填(a)fter/(a)s。
19．句意：他们拒绝为新的清政府工作。根据“In his final years, he wrote many articles and poems against (反对) the new government.”可知，他们拒绝为清政府工作，refuse“拒绝”，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(r)efused。
20．句意：他们很生气，把宋的全部作品都烧掉了。根据“they burned all of Song’s works.”及首字母可知，是指他们如此生气以至于把宋的全部作品都烧掉了，angry“生气的”，作表语。故填(a)ngry。
21．(k)nown 22．(l)uck 23．(m)eaning 24．(w)orn 25．(c)ulture 26．(m)ainly 27．(d)ifferences 28．(m)uch 29．(h)igh 30．(h)istory
【导语】本文主要介绍了旗袍的发展和不同风格的旗袍。
21．句意：特别是在全国高考期间，更广为人知的是“高考”，许多母亲穿上“旗袍”，祝孩子在考试中好运。be known as“被称为……”，为固定用法。故填(k)nown。
22．句意：特别是在全国高考期间，更广为人知的是“高考”，许多母亲穿上“旗袍”，祝孩子在考试中好运。根据“many mothers wear ‘qipao’ to wish their children good ... in the exam.”可知，此处是指母亲穿上“旗袍”祝孩子在考试中好运，good luck“好运”。故填(l)uck。
23．句意：原因是“旗袍”代表汉语短语“旗开得胜”，意思是胜利。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词，且“qi kai de sheng”与“victory”存在主动关系，所以用动词ing形式。故填(m)eaning。
24．句意：有些人认为旗袍来自清朝女性所穿的长袍。根据“by women”可知，此处应用过去分词表示被动含义，结合首字母提示可知，此处应用worn“被穿”。故填(w)orn。
25．句意：受西方文化的影响，20世纪初，旗袍不断变化，变得更加合身和贴身。根据“Influenced by Western ... it changed continually during the early 20th century, becoming more fitted and body-hugging (贴身的).”及首字母提示可知，此处是指受西方文化的影响，culture“文化”，不可数名词。故填(c)ulture。
26．句意：旗袍经过多年的发展，现在主要分为京派、海派和港派。根据“the qipao is now ... divided into Beijing styles, Shanghai styles and Hong Kong styles”可知，此处是指旗袍现在主要分为京派、海派和港派，mainly“主要地”。故填(m)ainly。
27．句意：在颜色和图案上有很多不同。根据“The Beijing-style qipao is more traditional than Shanghai-style and Hong Kong-style qipaos. The colours of Beijing-style qipaos are ... brighter.”可知，此处是指在颜色和图案上有很多不同，difference“差异”，为可数名词，结合空前“many”可知，此处应用复数名词。故填(d)ifferences。
28．句意：北京旗袍的颜色要鲜艳得多。此处应用much修饰比较级“brighter”。故填(m)uch。
29．句意：高质量的京式旗袍通常是手工制作的，所以价格非常高。根据“High-quality Beijing-style qipaos”及“so the price is very ...”可知，此处是指高质量的京式旗袍价格非常高，high“高的”。故填(h)igh。
30．句意：它不仅展示了汉人的历史，也展示了其他文化在这片土地上的足迹。根据“It shows not only the ... of the Han people, but also the footprints of other cultures on the land.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指旗袍展示了汉人的历史，history“历史”，结合空前定冠词“the”可知，此处应用单数名词。故填(h)istory。
31．(p)repared/(p)rovided 32．(b)ad 33．(s)omething 34．(b)efore 35．(a)lmost 36．(s)peak 37．(s)urprise 38．(e)xcept 39．(t)hought 40．(p)ale
【导语】本文摘自《哈克贝利 费恩历险记》中的一段，讲述了国王和公爵骗钱时发生的事情。
31．句意：她们/准备/提供了一顿丰盛的晚餐，并让我们在他们的卧室里睡觉。根据“...a lovely dinner”及首字母可知，应是准备了/提供了晚餐，prepare“准备”，provide“提供”，由gave可知，时态是一般过去时，所以用动词的过去式，故填(p)repared/(p)rovided。
32．句意：国王和公爵欺骗了她们，我感到非常不好。根据“... the king and the duke were cheating (欺骗) them”及首字母可知，她们对作者很好，得知她们被欺骗，应是感到难过，bad“不好的”，形容词作表语，故填(b)ad。
33．句意：我必须做点什么来阻止他们。根据“ do ... to stop them.”及首字母可知，是做点事情来阻止，something“某事”符合语境，故填(s)omething。
34．句意：所以在棺材合上，运到墓地之前，我把那袋金子放在彼得的手上。根据“ I put the bag of gold under Peter’s hands ...the coffin (棺材) were closed and taken to the graveyard”及首字母可知，应是在棺材合上之前放的，before“在……之前”符合语境，故填(b)efore。
35．句意：快结束的时候来了两个人：两位相貌英俊的绅士，一位老一些，一位年轻一些。根据“Later the king and the duke organised a sale to get money.”和“ It was ... over ”及首字母可知，应是说拍卖几乎要结束的时候，almost“几乎”符合语境，故填(a)lmost。
36．句意：老人开始说话了。根据“he said”可知，应是说开始说话了，结合首字母，与say同义的词应是speak，to后跟动词原形。故填(s)peak。
37．句意：国王也没料到，但他没有表现出惊讶。根据“The king wasn’t either,”及but表示转折可知，没料到，但是也没表现出惊讶，surprise“惊讶”，在句中作宾语。故填(s)urprise。
38．句意：除了罗宾逊医生和利瓦伊·贝尔，所有的人都大声表示同意。根据“All the people shouted to agree...Doctor Robinson and Levi Bell.”及首字母可知，应是除了两人所有人都同意，不包括两人在内，所以用except“除了……外，不包括”，故填(e)xcept。
39．句意：老先生想了一会儿。根据“Can you prove (证明) you are Peter Wilks’ brothers ”及首字母和语境可知，应是听了这个问题后，想了一会儿，think“想，思考”，时态是一般过去时，所以此处用动词的过去式。故填(t)hought。
40．句意：国王的脸变得苍白，有几分钟没说什么。根据“face went ... and didn’t say anything for a few minutes.”及首字母可知，应是脸变得苍白，pale“苍白的”，形容词作表语，故填(p)ale。
41．(m)illion 42．(s)o 43．(h)arder 44．(n)eed 45．(w)ork 46．(a)lone 47．(s)pare 48．(m)ore 49．(t)rouble 50．(w)ith
【导语】本文介绍了中国养猫的现状、养猫的好处以及养猫的一些麻烦。
41．句意：到2023年，中国宠物猫的数量将增至6980万只！根据“It is higher than that of pet dogs in the same year.”可知，这里是指中国宠物猫的数量，结合首字母可知，million“百万”符合语境。故填(m)illion。
42．句意：为什么这么多人选择猫呢？此处是短语so many“那么多的”。故填(s)o。
43．句意：刘朗是一名28岁的警察，他认为养狗比养猫更难。根据下文“It is difficult”可知，他认为养狗比养猫难。hard“困难的”，结合“than”可知，应用比较级。故填(h)arder。
44．句意：狗需要每天遛。根据“walking every day.”可知，狗需要每天遛。need“需要”，句子是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(n)eed。
45．句意：这很难，特别是对于有很多工作要做的年轻人和中年人。根据“for young and middle-aged people with a lot of...to do”可知，年轻人和中年人有很多工作要做。work“工作”，不可数名词。故填(w)ork。
46．句意：养猫对独自生活的人也有影响。根据“It brings companionship (陪伴)”可知，猫可以给独居的人带来陪伴，应用副词alone“独自”修饰动词。故填(a)lone。
47．句意：在业余时间，他经常看着他的猫在草坪上玩耍。根据“time, he often watches his cats play on the lawn.”可知，是指业余时间，应用spare time。故填(s)pare。
48．句意：它们让我的生活更加精彩。空后是形容词，结合首字母m可知，这里使用比较级more fantastic。故填(m)ore。
49．句意：然而，一些医生警告说，养猫可能会带来一些麻烦。根据“warn”以及“If some one is allergic (对……过敏的) to cat hair, it is dangerous for him to stay”可知，养猫也会带来一些麻烦，应用名词trouble，此处是不可数名词。故填(t)rouble。
50．句意：如果有人对猫毛过敏，他和猫待在一起是危险的。根据“stay...a cat.”可知，是短语stay with“和……待在一起”。故填(w)ith。
51．(u)seful 52．(f)irst 53．(c)lose 54．(s)ubjects/(s)omething 55．(t)alking 56．(l)oudly/(l)oud 57．(e)xcuse 58．(p)olite 59．(r)efuse 60．(s)trange
【导语】本文介绍了在英国作为陌生人如何表现得体，包括初次见面的问候方式、交谈话题的选择、公共场合的礼仪以及家庭中的礼貌用语，并强调了尊重当地文化的重要性。
51．句意：这里有一些对你有用的信息。根据下文介绍的内容和首字母u可知，本文提供的是有用的信息，形容词useful“有用的”符合语境，在句中作定语，修饰名词information。故填(u)seful。
52．句意：英国人第一次见到你时通常会说“你好”或“见到你很高兴”，并和你握手。根据“say ‘hello’ or ‘nice to meet you’”和首字母f可知，说“你好”或“见到你很高兴”应是第一次见面时，first“首次的”符合语境。故填(f)irst。
53．句意：他们只与亲戚或亲密的朋友亲吻。根据“...friends with a kiss.”和首字母c可知，会用亲吻的方式去打招呼的应是亲密的朋友，形容词close“亲密的”符合语境，在句中作定语，修饰名词friend。故填(c)lose。
54．句意：他们喜欢用天气、假期、音乐或书籍之类的话题来开始谈话。根据“like the weather, holidays, music or books.”和首字母s可知，天气、假期、音乐或书籍都是谈话的话题，可数名词subject“话题”符合语境，此处应用复数形式；此句为肯定句，也可用不定代词something。故填(s)ubjects/(s)omething。
55．句意：他们避免谈论年龄、体重或金钱。根据“They avoid...about age, weight or money.”和首字母t可知，出于礼貌，避免谈论年龄，体重，金钱等个人隐私，talk about“谈论”，avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”。故填(t)alking。
56．句意：在公共场合，英国人总是压低声音，而不是大声喊叫或大笑。根据“instead of”可知，此处和“keep their voice down”相反，应指“笑得很大声”，应用副词loudly/loud“高声地”，修饰动词laugh。故填(l)oudly/(l)oud。
57．句意：如果你挡了他们的路，他们会说“对不起”，然后礼貌地等你走开。根据“If you’re in their way”可知，想让别人让路，应说“对不起”，excuse me“对不起”。故填(e)xcuse。
58．句意：英国人在家里也很有礼貌。根据下文“They say ‘please’ or ‘thank you’ all the time.”可知，他们在家也总说“请”或“谢谢”，由此可知他们在家也很有礼貌，形容词polite“有礼貌的”符合语境，在句中作表语。故填(p)olite。
59．句意：当他们想拒绝某事时，他们通常会说“我很好，谢谢你”，而不是说“不”。根据“saying ‘no’”可知，说“不”就是在拒绝，动词refuse“拒绝”符合语境，want to do sth.“想要做某事”。故填(r)efuse。
60．句意：当我们在一个陌生的地方，我们应该努力了解和尊重当地的文化。根据“When we are in a...place, we should try to understand and respect (尊重) the local culture.”和首字母s可推测，此处指在陌生的地方也要理解和尊重当地的文化，形容词strange“陌生的”符合语境，在句中作定语，修饰名词place。故填(s)trange。
61．(e)xpresses 62．(w)alls 63．(w)ritten 64．(s)imilar 65．(a)void 66．(h)ow 67．(e)verywhere 68．(a)ngrily 69．(e)xplained 70．(m)eaning
【导语】本文主要讲述了贴 “倒福” 的历史故事。
61．句意：如今，“福”作为文化符号，表达了人们对来年的美好祝愿。根据“Nowadays”可知，本句用一般现在时。主语“Fu”是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。根据句意和首字母，可知此处express“表达”。故填(e)xpresses。
62．句意：在墙上和门上贴“福”字的传统由来已久。根据“and doors”和首字母，可知此处指wall“墙”，且需用名词复数表示并列。故填(w)alls。
63．句意：这个字可以书写，也可以打印。根据“or printed”和首字母，可知此处指write“书写”，且需用过去分词表示并列。故填(w)ritten。
64．句意：它既可以正常发音，也可以上下颠倒，因为在汉语中，“颠倒的福”和“福到”发音相似，都读作“福到”。根据首字母提示，similar to“与……相似”，为固定短语。故填(s)imilar。
65．句意：为了避免这场灾难，善良的皇后命令京城的每家每户都在自家门前贴上“福”字。不定式To后面需用动词原形，根据语境和首字母，可知此处指avoid“避免”。故填(a)void。
66．句意：所有的人都听从皇后的命令，但有一家不会读书写字。根据首字母，可知此处指how“如何”，how to do“如何做”。故填(h)ow。
67．句意：第二天，当士兵们走到街上时，他们发现到处都是这个字，包括颠倒的那个字。根据“All the people followed the empress’s order”以及首字母提示，可知到处都是这个字，everywhere“到处”。故填(e)verywhere。
68．句意：当皇帝听到这些，他生气地对士兵们说：“我要杀了那个与众不同的人。”根据“I will kill the family who stuck the character differently.”以及首字母，可知国王很生气，此处用angrily“生气地”修饰动词。故填(a)ngrily。
69．句意：但马皇后解释道：“那家人知道你今天会来看他们，所以故意把字倒过来贴。”根据句意和首字母， 可知此处表示explain“解释”，根据全文时态一致原则，可知本句用一般过去时。故填(e)xplained。
70．句意：这不是和“福到了”一样的意思吗？根据“the same”可知，此处指meaning“意思”，此处指的是“福到了”的意思，填单数。故填(m)eaning。
71．(d)ark 72．(i)nternational 73．(E)ven 74．(s)upport 75．(b)ehind 76．(a)ction 77．(b)eginning 78．(o)nes 79．(t)ogether 80．(p)ushes
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地球一小时活动的起源、活动和意义。
71．句意：在这天晚上，人们“变暗”，也就是说，在家里、学校和公司的灯都在同一时间关灯一个小时。根据“turn off lights in their homes, schools and businesses all at the same time for one hour.”和首字母d可知，此处指处在黑暗中，dark“黑暗的”符合句意。故填(d)ark。
72．句意：从那时起，它已经发展成为一个国际活动，世界上许多国家都参加了。根据“and many countries around the world have taken part”和首字母i可知，地球一小时成为了一个国际活动，形容词international“国际的”作定语修饰event。故填(i)nternational。
73．句意：即使是在空间站的宇航员也通过减少在空间站上的电力使用来参与其中，谷歌也为该活动制作了一个黑色的主页，以示支持。根据“astronauts on the Space Station have taken part by reducing their power use on the station”和首字母E可知，甚至空间站的宇航员也参与了该活动，副词even“甚至”符合句意。故填(E)ven。
74．句意：即使是在空间站的宇航员也通过减少在空间站上的电力使用来参与其中，谷歌也为该活动制作了一个黑色的主页，以示支持。根据“Google has shown its...by making a dark homepage for the event.”和首字母s可知，谷歌也支持这项活动，应用名词support“支持”作宾语。故填(s)upport。
75．句意：地球一小时背后的理念是什么？根据“The idea is to raise awareness of environmental issues and...”和首字母b可知，此处指该活动背后的含义，介词behind“在……后面”符合句意。故填(b)ehind。
76．句意：该活动旨在提高人们对环境问题的认识，并呼吁采取行动保护自然。根据“It’s true that switching off the lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power.”和首字母a可知，此处指采取行动保护自然，应用名词action“行动”作宾语。故填(a)ction。
77．句意：但这仅仅是个开始。根据“It’s true that switching off the lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power.”和首字母b可知，关灯仅仅是一个开始，名词beginning“开始”符合句意。故填(b)eginning。
78．句意：例如，少吃肉，使用低能量的电器而不是高能量的电器，使用绿色交通工具，这些都有助于保护地球。根据“using low-energy electrical items instead of high-energy...”和首字母o可知，此处应用代词ones指代electrical items。故填(o)nes。
79．句意：但在另一个层面上，很多人一起行动向政府和公司发出了一个强有力的信息。根据“a large number of people all acting...”和首字母t可知，此处指多人一起行动，副词together“一起”符合句意。故填(t)ogether。
80．句意：它促使他们在做出重大决定时考虑环保问题，从而采取大规模行动。根据“...them to take action on a large scale by considering green issues when making big decisions.”和首字母p可知，此处指促使政府和公司考虑环保问题，动词push“推动，促使”符合句意。本句时态为一般现在时，主语It为第三人称单数，动词要用三单形式。故填(p)ushes。
81．(c)alled 82．(e)ach 83．(f)amily 84．(a)ge 85．(c)hanged 86．(b)ecause 87．(g)lad 88．(h)ardest 89．(f)ree 90．(w)inter
【导语】本文主要介绍了Huckleberry Finn的悲惨遭遇，在遇到了一个善良的Widow Douglas老太太之后，他的生活改变了。
81．句意：它是一个小镇，但是它靠近一条叫做密西西比河的大河。根据“a very big river c…the Mississippi”可知，此处指“被叫做密西西比河”，call“称呼”符合题意，此处用其过去分词作后置定语。故填(c)alled。
82．句意：我们每个人得到6000美元。根据“Tom Sawyer and I found $12,000 in a cave which made us rich”可知，作者和Tom sawyer两个人发现12000美元，因此每人6000美元。each表示“每个”。故填(e)ach。
83．句意：我没有家人或家。根据“My mother died a long time ago and then my dad, Pap, disappeared”可知作者没有家人。a后接可数名词单数。family表示“家人；家庭”。故填(f)amily。
84．句意：我不像我同龄的其他男孩一样去上学。根据“the other boys of my…”及首字母可知，此处指“其他的同龄男孩”，age“年龄”符合。故填(a)ge。
85．句意：后来，一位善良的老妇人Douglas请我去跟她一起住，我的人生发生了改变。此空是谓语动词，并且时态为一般过去时。根据“She gave me bed to sleep in and bought me new clothes. She sent me to school every day”可知，作者的人生发生了改变。change表示“改变”，此处用过去式changed。故填(c)hanged。
86．句意：起初我不喜欢去那因为学习非常难。此空是连词连接两个句子，前后句表示因果关系，应该用because引导原因状语从句。故填(b)ecause。
87．句意：但当我能读会写的时候，我很高兴去了。be glad to do sth.“高兴做某事”。故填(g)lad。
88．句意：对我来说，在餐桌前吃饭、在软软的床上睡觉是最难的事情。此空是形容词作定语修饰名词things，根据the可知此处是形容词最高级形式。根据“I missed my old life”可知现在这种生活作者觉得很难。hard表示“困难的”。故填(h)ardest。
89．句意：我在那感觉很自由，我很快乐。feel为系动词，与形容词构成系表结构。根据“I fished and hunted all day. At night I slept under the stars”及首字母可知，在那里的日子很自由，free表示“自由的”。故填(f)ree。
90．句意：几个月过去了，冬天来了。根据“One morning I saw some footprints in the snow outside the window’s house”可知，冬天来了。winter表示“冬天”。故填(w)inter。
91．(a)fford 92．(p)ublic 93．(d)ifferent 94．(i)ncluding 95．(i)nvited 96．(w)atch 97．(b)usy 98．(s)eldom 99．(p)urpose 100．(s)uccess
【导语】本文介绍了悉尼的一个名为“弹奏我，我就是你的”的项目，人们可以在公共场所免费弹钢琴，这个项目也可以帮助人们互相交流。现在这个项目也传到英国和巴西，在那里受到了热烈欢迎。
91．句意：也许钢琴太贵了，你买不起。根据“Perhaps a piano is too expensive”和首字母a可知，此处指买不起钢琴，动词afford“买得起”符合句意，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填(a)fford。
92．句意：现在，多亏了悉尼一项名为“弹奏我，我就是你的"的计划，人们可以在公共场所免费弹钢琴了。根据“several parks, a tabus stop and on some streets”和首字母p可知，钢琴被放在公共场所，public“公共的”符合句意。故填(p)ublic。
93．句意：30架钢琴被放置在城市的不同地方，包括几个公园、一个公交车站和一些街道上。根据“in several parks, a tabus stop and on some streets”和首字母d可知，此处指不同的地方。故填(d)ifferent。
94．句意：30架钢琴被放置在城市的城币的不同地方，包括几个公园、一个公交车站和一些街道上。根据“in several parks, a t a bus stop and on some streets”和首学母i可知，此处是举例说明具体的地方，介词including“包括”符合句意。故填(i)ncluding。
95．句意：人们被邀请用钢琴演奏音乐或唱歌，无论他们的能力如何。根据“to play music or sing songs with the pianos, no matter what level of ability they have.”和首字母i可知，此处指钢琴无声地邀请人们演奏，人们与邀请之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，动词用过去分词。故填(i)nvited。
96．句意：很多人都被这个节目所吸引，并停下来观看或演奏钢琴。根据“play the pianos”和首字母w可知，此处指人们被吸引来观看或弹奏钢琴，to后跟动词原形，故填(w)atch。
97．句意：他认为很多人都坐在电脑前，整天忙于工作，几乎没有机会享受音乐。根据“with their work all hours”可知，此处考查形容词短语be busy with sth“忙于某事”。故填(b)usy。
98．句意：他认为很多人都坐在电脑前，整天忙于工作，几乎没有机会享受音乐。根据“have any chance to enjoy music”及首字母s可知，此处填否定副词，表示“几乎不”，故填(s)eldom。
99．句意：所以这个项目的目的是帮助他们放松和结交新朋友。根据“to help them relax and make new friends”和首字母p可知，此处说的是项目的目的，purpose“目的”符合句意。故填(p)urpose。
100．句意：但它最大的成功似乎是在悉尼艺术节上。根据“seems to come at the Sydney Festival.”和首字母s可知，此处指最大的成功，名词success“成功”符合句意。故填(s)uccess。
101．(e)verywhere 102．(t)hem 103．(w)orked 104．(s)uccessful 105．(u)sed 106．(b)rushes 107．(d)escribes 108．(s)kill(s) 109．(c)opy 110．(c)ollected
【导语】本文主要讲述了数千年来，中国人对龙充满敬意。在中国，龙的图案随处可见，尤其在宫殿和寺庙。南宋画家陈容的《九龙图》是龙题材的经典之作。
101．句意：在中国，你几乎到处都会发现龙的图片，尤其是在宫殿和寺庙里。根据句意以及首字母e提示可知，空格处需要填入一个副词来修饰“almost”，表示“几乎到处都是”的意思。故填(e)verywhere。
102．句意：许多中国艺术家都尝试过画龙。南宋时期的伟大画家陈容就是其中之一。根据“Many Chinese artists have tried their hand at painting the dragon. Chen Rong, a great painter in the Southern Song Dynasty, was among t...”和首字母t提示，可以推断出空格处应填写代词“them”，代指前面提到的“Many Chinese artists”。故填(t)hem。
103．句意：他曾经为杭州的政府工作。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个动词的过去式，根据首字母“w”和语境可知，最合适的词是“worked”，表示“工作”。故填(w)orked。
104．句意：作为一个官员，他不是很成功。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个形容词来修饰“he”，与后文的“However”形成转折关系。根据首字s提示可知，最合适的词是“successful”，表示“成功的”。故填(s)uccessful。
105．句意：据说陈容习惯于在喝了很多酒之后画画。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个动词短语，表示陈容过去的一个习惯或行为。根据首字母“u”和语境可知，最合适的短语是“used to”，表示“过去常常做某事”。故填(u)sed。
106．句意：他会用画笔来完成他的作品。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个名词，作为“use”的宾语，表示陈容用来完成画作的工具。根据语境和首字母b提示可知，画家在完成画作时通常使用“brush”（刷子，画笔），因为画作是多个元素的组合，用复数形式“brushes”。故填(b)rushes。
107．句意：这幅画描绘了九条龙在云、浪、火和悬崖之间翻滚、游泳和跳舞。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个动词，作为句子的谓语，描述《九龙图》这幅画的内容。根据语境和首字母“d”可知，最合适的动词是“describe”，表示“描绘，描述”，主语为The painting，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填((d)escribes。
108．句意：它展示了陈容生活中的巨大悲伤和他在书法上的高超技艺。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个名词，描述陈荣在毛笔字方面的特点。根据语境和首字母“s”，最合适的名词是“skill”，表示“技能，技艺”，表示多项技能时，用复数形式，此处没有明确规定，单复数均可。故填(s)kill(s)。
109．句意：他非常喜欢这幅画，以至于他让一位画家复制了一幅。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个名词，作为“make”的宾语。根据语境和首字母“c”，最合适的名词是“copy”，表示“复制品，副本”，空前有a，用单数形式。故填(c)opy。
110．句意：遗憾的是，《九龙图》没有被任何中国博物馆收藏。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式，与“is not”一起构成被动语态，表示《九龙图》的当前状态。根据语境和首字母“c”，最合适的动词是“collect”，其过去分词形式是“collected”，表示“被收藏”。故填(c)ollected。
111．(w)hile 112．(c)hanged 113．(s)erious 114．(f)riendly 115．(r)educe 116．(t)urning 117．(r)emember 118．(o)nly 119．(p)rotect 120．(d)ifference
【导语】本文讲述的是地球是我们的家，我们人类的一些坏的做法使得地球环境深受破坏，为了拯救地球，我们应该采取一些措施来保护我们的地球。
111．句意：我们所做的一些事对地球有益，但有些事却是有害的。前后表示转折，由于首字母w，所以是while“然而”。故填(w)hile。
112．句意：我们砍伐了太多的树木，许多肥沃的土地变成了沙漠。根据“so lots of rich land has c.. into desert”因此许多肥沃的土地……沙漠，结合首字母c，所以是变成沙漠。由于此句是现在完成时，所以是动词过去分词changed。故填(c)hanged。
113．句意：污染已经引发了许多严重的问题。分析句子可知，横线上是形容词修饰名词problems，由于后文“The earth is crying for help.”可知问题严重，由于首字母是s，所以是形容词serious“严重的”。故填(s)erious。
114．句意：这意味着我们可以购买和使用
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