阅读理解之说明文
备战 2025 年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀
生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、题型特点与重难点预测
题型特点：
说明文以解释客观事实、介绍科学知识或分析社会现象为主，要求考生理解逻辑结构、核心
概念及作者观点，核心能力包括：
信息筛选：快速定位关键细节（数据、定义、步骤）。
逻辑分析：梳理文章脉络（总分、因果、对比）。
术语理解：破解专业词汇或抽象概念（如“carbon neutrality”）。
推理判断：根据文中线索推断隐含意义或作者态度。
2025 年预测重难点：
本土热点与科技融合
高频主题：
生态保护：洞庭湖湿地修复技术、张家界地质公园碳中和实践。
科技应用：湖南智能制造（三一重工 AI 生产线）、北斗卫星在农业中的应用。
非遗科技化：土家织锦（西兰卡普）数字化传承。
难点：结合地域特色的专业术语（如“河长制”“硒肥技术”）。
复杂逻辑结构
难点：
嵌套因果：多因素导致的结果（如“湿地退化→生物多样性下降→生态链断裂”）。
对比论证：不同观点的比较（如“传统农耕 vs. 智慧农业”）。
长难句与抽象概念
难点：
长难句解析：含多重定语从句或被动语态的句子（如“Through satellite monitoring, which is
powered by AI algorithms, scientists can track the migration patterns of birds more accurately.”）。
抽象概念：如“ecological carrying capacity（生态承载力）”“circular economy（循环经济）”。
数据与图表结合
难点：
数据对比：根据表格或曲线图总结趋势（如“2020-2025 年洞庭湖水质改善率”）。
图表与文本匹配：将图表信息与文中描述对应（如“哪种措施对减少碳排放最有效？”）。
观点评价与开放推理
难点：
作者态度推断：通过转折词（However, Nevertheless）判断立场。
开放式问题：如“Do you agree with the solution proposed Why ”（需结合实际案例）。
二、解题步骤与技巧
1. 速读全文，把握结构
目标：通过标题、首尾段及段落首句判断文章框架（如“问题-解决方案”结构）。
技巧：
标记逻辑词：如“For instance”（举例）、“As a result”（因果）、“In contrast”（对比）。
预测内容：根据标题预判说明对象（如“Hunan’s Smart Agriculture” → 聚焦技术应用）。
2. 精准定位，分层解题
策略：
细节题：直接定位题干关键词（如“satellite monitoring”）。
推理题：关注因果链（如“Because... Therefore...”）。
示例：
题目：“Why is satellite monitoring effective in protecting migratory birds ”
原文定位：“Satellite tags provide real-time data on birds’ locations, helping researchers avoid
human interference.”
答案：It provides real-time data without disturbing birds.
3. 破解长难句与术语
步骤：
拆分句子：找出主句和修饰成分（如定语从句、状语）。
替换术语：用简单词理解专业词汇（如“carbon neutrality” → “zero carbon emissions”）。
案例：
原文：“The implementation of the ‘river chief’ system has significantly improved water quality in
Hunan’s major rivers.”
解析：
“river chief system” → 河长制（政府管理河流的制度）。
隐含效果：水质提升。
4. 图表与文本联动分析
技巧：
图表预读：观察标题、坐标轴、图例（如“Bar chart: CO emissions in Hunan (2020-2025)” ）。
匹配文：找到图表数据的文字描述（如“emissions dropped by 15% in 2023”）。
5. 推理与态度判断
方法：
隐含观点：通过形容词或副词判断态度（如“surprisingly effective” → 肯定态度）。
作者目的：说明现象（inform） vs. 呼吁行动（persuade）。
三、2025 年预测趋势与创新题型
1. 命题方向
本土科技与生态实践：
案例：长沙比亚迪新能源汽车工厂的环保技术、湖南杂交水稻的碳减排效应。
预测题目：“Explain how Hunan’s smart agriculture reduces environmental pollution.”
跨学科融合：
文本类型：地理+科技（如“张家界峰林形成与生态保护”）。
问题示例：“How does weathering shape Zhangjiajie’s Danxia landforms ”
2. 创新题型示例
多任务型阅读：
任务 1：总结说明对象的核心特征；任务 2：补全图表数据（如填写“2025 年目标”）。
观点评价题：
原文：“Some argue that AI in agriculture may lead to job losses, while others believe it improves
efficiency.”
问题：“Do you think AI in farming is beneficial Support your answer.”
3. 易错点警示
过度简化：将复杂概念简化为片面结论（如将“循环经济”等同于“回收利用”）。
数据误读：混淆百分比与绝对值（如“增长 20%” ≠ “总量第一”）。
术语混淆：如“sustainable”（可持续的）与“permanent”（永久的）。
四、备考建议
1. 分主题积累词汇与案例
高频主题库：
主题 必备词汇与案例
湖南生态 wetland restoration（湿地修复）, Xiangxi Tujia brocade（湘西土家织锦）
科技应用 AI-powered manufacturing（AI 制造）, Beidou satellite（北斗卫星）
文化科技化 digital heritage protection（非遗数字化）
2. 强化逻辑分析与长难句训练
练习方法：
拆分长难句（标注主谓宾与修饰成分）。
用思维导图梳理因果、对比逻辑链。
3. 图表专项突破
训练方向：
从图表中提取数据并转述为文字（如“柱状图显示 2025 年碳排放下降 10%”）。
结合文本验证图表信息的准确性。
4. 限时模拟与错题复盘
模拟策略：
每篇限时 8-10 分钟，先看题目再读文，用“定位+同义替换”快速解题。
错题本记录错误类型（如数据误读、术语误解）。
总结：2025 年湖南中考“阅读理解之说明文”将聚焦本土科技实践与生态保护创新，突出逻
辑分析与术语破解能力。考生需强化主题词汇积累、长难句拆分及图表联动训练，通过限时
模拟适应高强度信息处理，关注“智能农业”“非遗数字化”等热点话题。
【基础试题】
A
In 1903, the Wright brothers’ historic flight opened the door to human aviation (航天).
Since then, over the past century, human has been always reaching new heights in researching the
skies. Today, a new chapter is unfolding in the skies—one led by drones that are changing how we
live, work, and connect.
As part of the “low-altitude economy” (低空经济), these flying machines have become a
sign of technological progress, fitting smoothly into both city and country life.
Take the Badaling Great Wall in Beijing as an example, where drones have turned a
50-minute hike for food and water into a three-minute convenience. Travelers now order on the
phone, and electric drones deliver (递 送 ) snacks and drinks, even collecting garbage on their
return trips. Besides, in cities like Shenzhen, known as the “City of Drones,” technology goes
further. In 2024, electric “air cars” that can take off and land upright started flying there. They
don’t need long runways, showing how technology can become part of daily life.
Drones are also changing farming. In Guangxi, over 250,000 drones help protect plants.
They watch over crops, spray pesticides (杀虫剂), and find pests, working quickly across large
fields. This technology has cut labor costs by 40% compared to traditional methods, allowing
farmers to manage more land with less effort. During harvest seasons, drones even help watch
over fruit growth, guiding farmers to pick at the best time for better quality and higher yields (产
量).
With such new technology, there are things to think about. As more drones fly, questions
about safety, airspace rules, and personal information might come up. How can we make sure
these machines fly safely with other planes How do we balance space of use with protecting
people’s space Even if high-tech GPS helps drones fly in a right way, rules must be developed to
help use them without risks.
From delivering snacks on the Great Wall to helping farms and cities, Chinese drones have
gone from a new thing to a need. They show how creation can shorten the gap—between old and
new, city and country. As we step into this low-altitude revolution (变革), one thing is clear: The
tomorrow is not just about flying higher, but about flying smarter.
1．How does the writer start the passage
A．By describing a future plan. B．By talking about a historic event.
C．By raising a recent problem. D．By showing the changes of technology.
2．What can we infer about the use of drones
A．The “air cars” in Shenzhen will replace traditional cars in the future.
B．Farmers now need more workers to control drones in the fields.
C．Farmers can use drones to watch fruit growth and pick fruits directly.
D．Proper rules are the key to making drones more helpful.
3．Which “gap” below has the same meaning as the “gap” in the last paragraph
A．The gap year before college helps students relax.
B．There’s a gap in the wall—we can climb through it.
C．The culture gap often makes it hard to talk to foreigners.
D．The gap between the two buildings is used for a garden.
4．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage
A． B． C． D．
B
Recently, many people have fallen in love with the cute marmots in the movie Ne Zha 2.
This led a group of people to buy real marmots online as pets. However, many organizations have
quickly warned the public that these seemingly lovely wild animals are actually high-risk carriers
of the plague (鼠疫).
marmots (土拨鼠)
Marmots are common rodents (啮齿目动物) in northwest China. Listed as a second-class
protected animals in China, they always choose cool mountain grasslands, open deserts, and rocky
hills as their homes. They are good at digging holes, which are deep and complex, and each hole
has a different purpose. Fresh grass, juicy plants, and treats like apples or lettuce fill their diet.
Living in family groups, these social animals work together and communicate often to stay alive
in the difficult environment.
Marmots may look harmless, but these furry animals carry plague bacteria (鼠疫杆菌),
which cause a deadly disease that killed over 100 million people like the Black Death. This
infection (传染) can spread through small cuts or even breath drops, causing high fever, painful
swollen lumps under the skin, and bleeding. Without treatment, it remains highly dangerous with
the chances of staying alive as low as zero.
The National Health Commission advises:
● Keep safe distance when meeting wild marmots.
● Never keep them as pets, touch, or feed them.
● Report injured animals to forestry workers instead of helping directly.
● Seek medical care in time if you develop fever or lumps after contact.
The recent online sales of marmots have raised alarms. While their round faces might make
us want to get close, health organizations remind everyone that cuteness isn’t worth risking lives.
Protecting both wildlife and public health means watching animals safely from a distance.
1．What has recently caused people’s interest in marmots
A．A report about marmots. B．The cute marmots in a movie.
C．A new study on marmots. D．Government protection rules.
2．What should you do if you find an injured marmot in the wild
A．Take it home for medical care. B．Leave it alone and avoid touching.
C．Share its location on social media. D．Report it to wildlife experts in time.
3．The author mentions the Black Death in Paragraph 3 to ________.
A．show the disease was not deadly in history
B．show diseases are similar now and before
C．describe how marmots move to new places
D．say old medical care was not good enough
4．What would be the best title for the article
A．Marmots: Cute Pets or Silent Killers B．Online Shopping Direction in China.
C．History of the Black Death. D．How to Protect Wild Rodents.
C
On the evening of 26 September 2019, the streets of Geneva in Switzerland went dark. This
usually happens when there is a problem with the electricity, but this time the lights were tuned off
to allow people to go outside and look at the stars. This is often impossible in a city because of
light pollution.
Light pollution is when light from streetlamps or buildings makes the night less dark. There
are many reasons why this is a problem. Animals sleep less because they think it is still daytime.
Birds that fly to warmer countries in the autumn need to see the moon and stars to find their way,
but light pollution makes this difficult. Insects and birds in cities often fly towards lights at night,
crash into buildings and die.
Light pollution is also bad for us. It can stop us sleeping and give us headaches. Also, we
don’t see the same sky that people in the past did. This means we almost never see one of the
greatest sight in the world: the millions of stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way. Hundreds of
thousands of people have never seen it in their lives.
However, it is not difficult to do a few things to reduce light pollution: we can all turn lights
off when we don’t need them and we can cover our windows with curtains. If there is less light
pollution, we will once again be able to enjoy the beauty of the night sky.
1．The lights were turned off in Geneva on 26 September ________.
A．because people there couldn’t sleep well.
B．so that people could go out of their houses.
C．to make it easier for people to see the stars.
D．because there was a problem with the electricity.
2．Why is light pollution bad for some birds
A．They never sleep. B．They can’t find food.
C．They get lost more easily. D．They lose the sense of hearing.
3．What does the writer of the article think
A．People today should learn more about the past.
B．It is a pit that people today can’t enjoy the night sky.
C．A hundred thousand people have never seen the stars.
D．There aren’t many things we can do to stop light pollution.
4．What’s the best title for the article
A．One city turns off its lights. B．Some birds are facing danger.
C．The ways to reduce light pollution. D．The reason for enjoying the night sky.
【提升试题】
A
A recent study found that Chinese people are going to bed later than before. The average
(平均的) bedtime in February 2025 was 12:18 am, which is 17 minutes later than last year. The
study, done by the Chinese Sleep Research Society (CSRS), asked over 150,000 people who used
smart watches or other health devices (设备).
The results showed that 80% of college students sleep after midnight. One in four stays up
until 2am, and 33% wake up after 9 am. Experts say smartphones are a big problem. Students who
use phones more often go to bed later.
“Good sleep is as important as eating well and exercising,” said Professor Huang Zhili from
Fudan University. He added that more young people are having trouble sleeping. Many young
people talk about “revenge bedtime procrastination” online. This means they stay up late even
when they are tired, because they feel they lose control of their time during the day.
The study also found that 65% of people have sleep problems at least once a week. These
problems include waking up early, not being able to sleep, or snoring (打鼾). Doctor Wang Zan
from Jilin University said good sleep is not just about how long you sleep. It also needs to be
regular and restful. She suggested keeping the bedroom cool and dark, listening to soft sounds,
and having a set bedtime.
Exercise can also help. People who exercise often have better sleep. Olympic gold medalist
Li Yuehong said: “Before big games, I go jogging. Sweating a little helps me relax and sleep
well.”
1．What time do most college students go to bed according to the survey
A．Before 11 pm. B．Between 11 pm and midnight.
C．After midnight. D．After 2 am.
2．What does “revenge bedtime procrastination” in the third paragraph mean in the article
A．Staying up late to get back time lost during the day.
B．Sleeping early to prepare for work.
C．Using phones to relax after exercise.
D．Forgetting to sleep because of games.
3．What is Professor Huang Zhili’s opinion about sleep
A．Staying up makes people tired.
B．Good sleep is as important as eating well and exercising.
C．Only old people need good sleep.
D．Smartphones help people sleep better.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．How to use smartphones properly.
B．Olympic athletes’ sleep habits.
C．The history of sleep research in China.
D．The reasons why Chinese young people stay up late.
B
If you feel sad or upset, remember not to watch a happy movie. A sad movie may be more
suitable for you.
Some scientists at Ohio State University, the US, have found that sad movies can make
people happier. They published (出版) their study in a magazine called Communication Research.
Scientists asked 361 college students to watch a sad movie, Titanic. The movie tells a story
of two lovers, Jack and Rose. Because of an accident, their ship sank. To save Rose, Jack lost his
life. The 361 college students answered questions from the scientists before, after and three times
during the movie to find out their different feelings, including sadness.
According to the result of the survey, scientists found out that people felt better after
watching the sad movie. Scientists believed this was because the movie made them think about
their own lives and pared to those of the unlucky lovers in the movie, their lives
were full of hope.
“I want to live my life to the fullest, and this movie has made me think a lot.” one student
wrote.
Therefore, if you feel sad, go to see a sad movie. That will cause you to think more about
your own close relationships and value them more.
1．How many times did the students answer questions from the scientists
A．Three times. B．Four times. C．Five times. D．Six times.
2．What does the underlined word “those” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Lives. B．Stories. C．Friends. D．Feelings.
3．What is the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
4．What is the best title for this passage
A．Feeling Bad Be Full of Hope B．Feeling Sad Watch a Sad Movie
C．Feeling Lonely Find True Love D．Feeling Down Value Time More
C
① Artificial intelligence (AI) is a kind of technology. It helps computers think, learn and
create in a way similar to humans. In the past years, many new AI apps and tools have been
developed.
②Dou bao and Deep Seek are two examples of AI chatbots (聊天机器人). You can talk
with them. You can ask them about a subject that you’re studying at school, or a part of history
that you’re interested in, or tips for good places to visit on holiday.
③Teachers can use these apps to make lesson plans for class, but they have other uses too,
like making people more creative. For example, AI can help make up characters and write stories.
④ There are also “text-to-image” AIs, like DALL-E and Mid journey. They can create
pictures for you according to your ideas. For example, you can ask them to make a photo or a
space dog eating cheese and having a picnic on the Moon, or a picture of the Mona Lisa as a Po
kemon (宠物小精灵), or a crayon (蜡笔) drawing of a goat playing football.
⑤“Text-to-music”AIs like Splash Pro and Stable Audio work in a similar way. They can
turn your ideas into music. You can ask the AI to make a fast pop song tot your gaming video, or a
slow and relaxing song to help you focus on (专注) homework.
⑥Creative AI technology is developing very quickly, but there are some concerns. Some
writers, artists and musicians are worried that these AIs are being “trained” using their work
without their permission (许可).
⑦There are also fears that AI could be used for bad reasons, like spreading false (虚假)
information or making songs that seem to be by famous musicians.
⑧One thing that’s important to know is that these AI tools are not designed (设计) for
young people to use alone. If you want to use them, make sure you do it with an adult.
1．Which of the following are examples of AI apps mentioned in the passage
A．Doubao, Splash Pro, Po kemon B．Deep Seek, Mid journey, Mona Lisa
C．DALL-E, Stable Audio, Deep Seek D．Chat GPT, Stable Audio, Doubao
2．What does the underlined word they refer to in Paragraph 3
A．Teachers B．Lesson plans
C．AI chatbots D．Mid journey and DALL-E
3．What is the main idea of this passage.
A．Different kinds of AI chatbots. B．How to use AI apps in life.
C．AI and young people. D．AI and worries of AI.
4．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage
A． B． C． D．
【拔高试题】
A
It’s that time of year when the sun shines warmly, trees get new leaves, and flowers come
out. However, for many people, the beauty of spring also brings sneezing (打喷嚏), sore skin, and
a running nose. Well, spring is the worst allergy (过敏) season.
This is to a large degree due to pollen (花粉). When winter ends, plants wake up and start
shooting pollen into the air. They can produce billions of these tiny pieces every spring. The
pieces get swept up by the wind and land everywhere. It’s like a big pollen party in the air!
The problem isn’t with pollen itself. This dust-like thing is produced by plants to reproduce
and isn’t meant to harm us. But why do some people have bad reactions to it It’s all because of
their immune (免疫) system. The immune system is like a group of soldiers, always ready to fight
against harmful things.
Sometimes, the immune system makes a mistake. It thinks pollen is harmful. When this
happens, it sends out chemicals (化学物质) that cause allergy, like coughing and sneezing. Why
do these allergies get worse First, pollen only comes in certain seasons, so the immune system
can hardly get used to it. Second, the pollen pieces are so small that they easily get into our body,
making the allergies worse.
________ . Scientists have studied this for a long time. They know genes (基因) play a
part. If parents have allergies, their children are more likely to have them. But exactly how do
genes lead to allergies There’s no clear answer. Environmental factors also matter. Many
scientists believe that growing up in an completely clean environment influences the immune
system. But how does this environment influence the start of an allergy No one can fully explain
it.
Most people with seasonal allergies develop them after reaching adulthood. These allergies
can change unexpectedly. In some cases, after years of having allergies, they suddenly disappear
one spring. But scientists still have no idea how or why this happens.
1．Why does the writer compare the immune system to soldiers in paragraph 3
A．To tell us how pollen brings bad effects to our body.
B．To show why pollen is harmful to the human body.
C．To explain the difference between soldiers and enemies.
D．To help readers understand how the immune system works.
2．What makes allergies worse
A．The immune system knows pollen well.
B．Pollen comes in certain seasons and has tiny pieces.
C．Chemicals cause coughing and sneezing.
D．The immune system is familiar with pollen.
3．Which of the following can be put in the ________
A．What causes allergies is only genes.
B．How allergies develop is still a mystery.
C．What scientists know about allergies matters a lot.
D．How the environment influences allergies is fully understood.
4．What is the best title for this passage
A．The Secrets of Spring Allergies. B．The Role of Pollen in Allergies.
C．The Work of the Immune System. D．The Seasonal Problem of Allergies.
B
“The Shu Road is difficult, even more difficult than climbing up to the blue sky,” Chinese
poet Li Bai once said. The Shu Road system, or shudao, was an ancient road to the Shu Kingdom,
which was separated from the Central Plains of China by many steep mountains.
The Shu Road has been an important link (联系) between the Changjiang River and Yellow
River culture for over 2,000 years.
For American scholar Hop Justman, the Shu Road is more than a path, it is a living history
book. In 2001, when she first walked on its ancient flagstones (石 板 ), Justman could picture
people from the past. She believes the old stones on the road can tell stories of long-ago times.
Every part of this road, Justman thinks, has a piece of history. It’s like a book that comes alive.
Since then, she has visited the “greatest road in China” many times.
In 2007, Justman published Guide to Hiking China’s Old Road to Shu in the US and
created a website about the Shu Road system. In the book, she praises China for protecting the
natural environment of the Shu Road system. At the same time, she describes her experiences of
enjoying traditional buildings, cultural sites and local customs along the road. For. Justman, the
biggest challenge of writing her book was locating the ancient Shu Road itself. With the help of
the locals, she finally found a part of the road.
Justman believed that her book would introduce western readers to the existence (存在) of
many original flagstone parts of this ancient road system and help them in finding and hiking
them. “I hope my book will encourage more people to hike the ancient Shu Road and experience
Chinese culture firsthand,” she said.
According to Justman, it is cheerful to see the great efforts made to protect the road system.
For example, damaged flagstones have been repaired, and benches have been added in places of
interest, making the old road system much easier to reach and fun for hikers.
1．Why does the writer mention Li Bai’s poem in paragraph 1
A．To prove the exact location of the Shu Road.
B．To explain Li Bai’s deep love for the Shu Road.
C．To introduce Chinese poet Li Bai to foreigners.
D．To show the difficulty of climbing the Shu Road.
2．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about__________.
A．the importance of the Shu Road B．Justman’s idea about the Shu Road
C．the long history of the Shu Road D．Justman’s first trip to the Shu Road
3．What does the underlined word “firsthand” probably mean
A．For themselves. B．To themselves.
C．With themselves. D．About themselves.
4．What can we know about Justman’s book Guide to Hiking China’s Old Road to Shu
A．It focuses on the history of the Shu Kingdom.
B．It describes local customs along the Shu Road.
C．It teaches readers how to repair damaged flagstones.
D．It discusses how Justman found the whole Shu Road.
C
On average, firefighters get a fire call every 24 seconds in the US. Every 87 seconds, a
home fire happens. Just between January lst, 2019 and January 1st, 2024, there were 11,180 home
fire deaths in the country. But the best escape time for a fire is just three minutes or less. So
everyone should pay attention to fire safety at home.
To avoid starting a fire, we must know common causes. Cooking tools are the number one
cause of home fires. Be especially careful when using them. Never leave the kitchen while
cooking and make sure the tools are completely off after cooking. Electrical appliances (电器) can
lead to a fire, so check them often to make sure they are working properly. Smoking is another
common cause of home fires. It’s never a good idea to smoke indoors, so take a few steps to go
out. Last, don’t forget little kids. They usually find fire exciting and think of fire as a toy. So keep
them away from fire and teach them about dangers of fire. How can we prevent home fires The
following tips may help.
Get smoke alarms.
The first step is to install (安装) enough smoke alarms through your home. Get one in every
room.
Prepare fire extinguishers (灭火器).
Keep fire extinguishers available at home. They can put out small fires. Check them often
to make sure they work properly.
Create a plan for escape.
A good plan should start with two escape ways from every room. Then know how fast your
family can run, tell kids when and how to get out, and make a house map with all doors and
windows. At last, choose a meeting place outside. And don’t forget to practise it often with every
family member.
You might think that these fire safety tips are common sense. However, it’s difficult to
think of them especially when you’re in a life-and-death moment. Take action with the tips and
never take fire safety lightly at home.
1．Which is NOT the cause of the most home fires
A．Cooking tools. B．Electrical appliances.
C．Smoking indoors. D．Building materials.
2．According to the passage, what should people do to prevent home fires
①Get home alarms. ②Prepare fire extinguishers. ③Call 119 at once. ④Create a plan for
escape.
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④
3．For a good escape plan,what should people do in Step 4
CREATE AND PRACTICE A HOME FIRE ESCAPE PLAN
A．Talk with every family member
B．Teach family members how to call 119
C．Make a house map with all doors and windows
D．Think about special needs for older family members
4．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To introduce the causes of home fires.
B．To teach people how to stop home fires.
C．To teach people how to escape from fires.
D．To make people realise the fire safety at home.阅读理解之说明文
备战 2025 年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀
生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、题型特点与重难点预测
题型特点：
说明文以解释客观事实、介绍科学知识或分析社会现象为主，要求考生理解逻辑结构、核心
概念及作者观点，核心能力包括：
信息筛选：快速定位关键细节（数据、定义、步骤）。
逻辑分析：梳理文章脉络（总分、因果、对比）。
术语理解：破解专业词汇或抽象概念（如“carbon neutrality”）。
推理判断：根据文中线索推断隐含意义或作者态度。
2025 年预测重难点：
本土热点与科技融合
高频主题：
生态保护：洞庭湖湿地修复技术、张家界地质公园碳中和实践。
科技应用：湖南智能制造（三一重工 AI 生产线）、北斗卫星在农业中的应用。
非遗科技化：土家织锦（西兰卡普）数字化传承。
难点：结合地域特色的专业术语（如“河长制”“硒肥技术”）。
复杂逻辑结构
难点：
嵌套因果：多因素导致的结果（如“湿地退化→生物多样性下降→生态链断裂”）。
对比论证：不同观点的比较（如“传统农耕 vs. 智慧农业”）。
长难句与抽象概念
难点：
长难句解析：含多重定语从句或被动语态的句子（如“Through satellite monitoring, which is
powered by AI algorithms, scientists can track the migration patterns of birds more accurately.”）。
抽象概念：如“ecological carrying capacity（生态承载力）”“circular economy（循环经济）”。
数据与图表结合
难点：
数据对比：根据表格或曲线图总结趋势（如“2020-2025 年洞庭湖水质改善率”）。
图表与文本匹配：将图表信息与文中描述对应（如“哪种措施对减少碳排放最有效？”）。
观点评价与开放推理
难点：
作者态度推断：通过转折词（However, Nevertheless）判断立场。
开放式问题：如“Do you agree with the solution proposed Why ”（需结合实际案例）。
二、解题步骤与技巧
1. 速读全文，把握结构
目标：通过标题、首尾段及段落首句判断文章框架（如“问题-解决方案”结构）。
技巧：
标记逻辑词：如“For instance”（举例）、“As a result”（因果）、“In contrast”（对比）。
预测内容：根据标题预判说明对象（如“Hunan’s Smart Agriculture” → 聚焦技术应用）。
2. 精准定位，分层解题
策略：
细节题：直接定位题干关键词（如“satellite monitoring”）。
推理题：关注因果链（如“Because... Therefore...”）。
示例：
题目：“Why is satellite monitoring effective in protecting migratory birds ”
原文定位：“Satellite tags provide real-time data on birds’ locations, helping researchers avoid
human interference.”
答案：It provides real-time data without disturbing birds.
3. 破解长难句与术语
步骤：
拆分句子：找出主句和修饰成分（如定语从句、状语）。
替换术语：用简单词理解专业词汇（如“carbon neutrality” → “zero carbon emissions”）。
案例：
原文：“The implementation of the ‘river chief’ system has significantly improved water quality in
Hunan’s major rivers.”
解析：
“river chief system” → 河长制（政府管理河流的制度）。
隐含效果：水质提升。
4. 图表与文本联动分析
技巧：
图表预读：观察标题、坐标轴、图例（如“Bar chart: CO emissions in Hunan (2020-2025)” ）。
匹配文：找到图表数据的文字描述（如“emissions dropped by 15% in 2023”）。
5. 推理与态度判断
方法：
隐含观点：通过形容词或副词判断态度（如“surprisingly effective” → 肯定态度）。
作者目的：说明现象（inform） vs. 呼吁行动（persuade）。
三、2025 年预测趋势与创新题型
1. 命题方向
本土科技与生态实践：
案例：长沙比亚迪新能源汽车工厂的环保技术、湖南杂交水稻的碳减排效应。
预测题目：“Explain how Hunan’s smart agriculture reduces environmental pollution.”
跨学科融合：
文本类型：地理+科技（如“张家界峰林形成与生态保护”）。
问题示例：“How does weathering shape Zhangjiajie’s Danxia landforms ”
2. 创新题型示例
多任务型阅读：
任务 1：总结说明对象的核心特征；任务 2：补全图表数据（如填写“2025 年目标”）。
观点评价题：
原文：“Some argue that AI in agriculture may lead to job losses, while others believe it improves
efficiency.”
问题：“Do you think AI in farming is beneficial Support your answer.”
3. 易错点警示
过度简化：将复杂概念简化为片面结论（如将“循环经济”等同于“回收利用”）。
数据误读：混淆百分比与绝对值（如“增长 20%” ≠ “总量第一”）。
术语混淆：如“sustainable”（可持续的）与“permanent”（永久的）。
四、备考建议
1. 分主题积累词汇与案例
高频主题库：
主题 必备词汇与案例
湖南生态 wetland restoration（湿地修复）, Xiangxi Tujia brocade（湘西土家织锦）
科技应用 AI-powered manufacturing（AI 制造）, Beidou satellite（北斗卫星）
文化科技化 digital heritage protection（非遗数字化）
2. 强化逻辑分析与长难句训练
练习方法：
拆分长难句（标注主谓宾与修饰成分）。
用思维导图梳理因果、对比逻辑链。
3. 图表专项突破
训练方向：
从图表中提取数据并转述为文字（如“柱状图显示 2025 年碳排放下降 10%”）。
结合文本验证图表信息的准确性。
4. 限时模拟与错题复盘
模拟策略：
每篇限时 8-10 分钟，先看题目再读文，用“定位+同义替换”快速解题。
错题本记录错误类型（如数据误读、术语误解）。
总结：2025 年湖南中考“阅读理解之说明文”将聚焦本土科技实践与生态保护创新，突出逻
辑分析与术语破解能力。考生需强化主题词汇积累、长难句拆分及图表联动训练，通过限时
模拟适应高强度信息处理，关注“智能农业”“非遗数字化”等热点话题。
【基础试题】
A
In 1903, the Wright brothers’ historic flight opened the door to human aviation (航天).
Since then, over the past century, human has been always reaching new heights in researching the
skies. Today, a new chapter is unfolding in the skies—one led by drones that are changing how we
live, work, and connect.
As part of the “low-altitude economy” (低空经济), these flying machines have become a
sign of technological progress, fitting smoothly into both city and country life.
Take the Badaling Great Wall in Beijing as an example, where drones have turned a
50-minute hike for food and water into a three-minute convenience. Travelers now order on the
phone, and electric drones deliver (递 送 ) snacks and drinks, even collecting garbage on their
return trips. Besides, in cities like Shenzhen, known as the “City of Drones,” technology goes
further. In 2024, electric “air cars” that can take off and land upright started flying there. They
don’t need long runways, showing how technology can become part of daily life.
Drones are also changing farming. In Guangxi, over 250,000 drones help protect plants.
They watch over crops, spray pesticides (杀虫剂), and find pests, working quickly across large
fields. This technology has cut labor costs by 40% compared to traditional methods, allowing
farmers to manage more land with less effort. During harvest seasons, drones even help watch
over fruit growth, guiding farmers to pick at the best time for better quality and higher yields (产
量).
With such new technology, there are things to think about. As more drones fly, questions
about safety, airspace rules, and personal information might come up. How can we make sure
these machines fly safely with other planes How do we balance space of use with protecting
people’s space Even if high-tech GPS helps drones fly in a right way, rules must be developed to
help use them without risks.
From delivering snacks on the Great Wall to helping farms and cities, Chinese drones have
gone from a new thing to a need. They show how creation can shorten the gap—between old and
new, city and country. As we step into this low-altitude revolution (变革), one thing is clear: The
tomorrow is not just about flying higher, but about flying smarter.
1．How does the writer start the passage
A．By describing a future plan. B．By talking about a historic event.
C．By raising a recent problem. D．By showing the changes of technology.
2．What can we infer about the use of drones
A．The “air cars” in Shenzhen will replace traditional cars in the future.
B．Farmers now need more workers to control drones in the fields.
C．Farmers can use drones to watch fruit growth and pick fruits directly.
D．Proper rules are the key to making drones more helpful.
3．Which “gap” below has the same meaning as the “gap” in the last paragraph
A．The gap year before college helps students relax.
B．There’s a gap in the wall—we can climb through it.
C．The culture gap often makes it hard to talk to foreigners.
D．The gap between the two buildings is used for a garden.
4．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage
A． B． C． D．
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B
【难度】0.85
【知识点】科学技术、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机技术如何从莱特兄弟的航空开端发展至
今，并广泛应用于低空经济、农业等领域，同时探讨了安全规则与技术创新的平衡问题。
1．推理判断题。根据“In 1903, the Wright brothers’ historic flight opened the door to human
aviation…”可推知，作者通过描述莱特兄弟的历史性飞行事件引入主题。故选 B。
2．推理判断题。根据“rules must be developed to help use them without risks”可推知，制定合
理规则是无人机发挥积极作用的关键。故选 D。
3．词句猜测题。根据“They show how creation can shorten the gap—between old and new, city
and country.”可知，无人机技术缩小了新旧、城乡之间的差距，属于抽象差异，结合选项可
知，选项 C“文化差异往往使与外国人交谈变得困难。”符合。故选 C。
4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段引出主题；第二段介绍低空经济的概念，说明
其顺利融入城市和乡村生活；第三段和第四段对第二段进行举例说明；第五段介绍分析安全
与隐私等问题；最后总结并指出无人机技术的未来趋势。故选 B。
B
Recently, many people have fallen in love with the cute marmots in the movie Ne Zha 2.
This led a group of people to buy real marmots online as pets. However, many organizations have
quickly warned the public that these seemingly lovely wild animals are actually high-risk carriers
of the plague (鼠疫).
marmots (土拨鼠)
Marmots are common rodents (啮齿目动物) in northwest China. Listed as a second-class
protected animals in China, they always choose cool mountain grasslands, open deserts, and rocky
hills as their homes. They are good at digging holes, which are deep and complex, and each hole
has a different purpose. Fresh grass, juicy plants, and treats like apples or lettuce fill their diet.
Living in family groups, these social animals work together and communicate often to stay alive
in the difficult environment.
Marmots may look harmless, but these furry animals carry plague bacteria (鼠疫杆菌),
which cause a deadly disease that killed over 100 million people like the Black Death. This
infection (传染) can spread through small cuts or even breath drops, causing high fever, painful
swollen lumps under the skin, and bleeding. Without treatment, it remains highly dangerous with
the chances of staying alive as low as zero.
The National Health Commission advises:
● Keep safe distance when meeting wild marmots.
● Never keep them as pets, touch, or feed them.
● Report injured animals to forestry workers instead of helping directly.
● Seek medical care in time if you develop fever or lumps after contact.
The recent online sales of marmots have raised alarms. While their round faces might make
us want to get close, health organizations remind everyone that cuteness isn’t worth risking lives.
Protecting both wildlife and public health means watching animals safely from a distance.
1．What has recently caused people’s interest in marmots
A．A report about marmots. B．The cute marmots in a movie.
C．A new study on marmots. D．Government protection rules.
2．What should you do if you find an injured marmot in the wild
A．Take it home for medical care. B．Leave it alone and avoid touching.
C．Share its location on social media. D．Report it to wildlife experts in time.
3．The author mentions the Black Death in Paragraph 3 to ________.
A．show the disease was not deadly in history
B．show diseases are similar now and before
C．describe how marmots move to new places
D．say old medical care was not good enough
4．What would be the best title for the article
A．Marmots: Cute Pets or Silent Killers B．Online Shopping Direction in China.
C．History of the Black Death. D．How to Protect Wild Rodents.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A
【难度】0.85
【知识点】科普知识、常见动物、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于电影《哪吒 2》中可爱的土拨鼠形象，许
多人开始在线购买土拨鼠作为宠物，但土拨鼠实际上是鼠疫的高风险携带者，文章还介绍了
土拨鼠的生活习性和健康风险，并给出了相关建议。
1．细节理解题。根据“Recently, many people have fallen in love with the cute marmots in the
movie Ne Zha 2. This led a group of people to buy real marmots online as pets.”可知，最近引起
了人们对土拨鼠的兴趣的原因是电影《哪吒 2》中土拨鼠的可爱形象。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Report injured animals to forestry workers instead of helping directly.”可
知，如果你在野外发现一只受伤的土拨鼠，你该及时向野生动物专家报告。故选 D。
3．推理判断题。根据“Marmots may look harmless, but these furry animals carry plague bacteria
(鼠疫杆菌), which cause a deadly disease that killed over 100 million people like the Black
Death.”可推知，作者提到黑死病是为了说明鼠疫的严重性，表明过去和现在的疾病具有相
似的危险性。故选 B。
4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了土拨鼠的可爱形象与其作为鼠疫携带者的
危险性之间的对比，并给出了相关建议，所以 A 项符合。故选 A。
C
On the evening of 26 September 2019, the streets of Geneva in Switzerland went dark. This
usually happens when there is a problem with the electricity, but this time the lights were tuned off
to allow people to go outside and look at the stars. This is often impossible in a city because of
light pollution.
Light pollution is when light from streetlamps or buildings makes the night less dark. There
are many reasons why this is a problem. Animals sleep less because they think it is still daytime.
Birds that fly to warmer countries in the autumn need to see the moon and stars to find their way,
but light pollution makes this difficult. Insects and birds in cities often fly towards lights at night,
crash into buildings and die.
Light pollution is also bad for us. It can stop us sleeping and give us headaches. Also, we
don’t see the same sky that people in the past did. This means we almost never see one of the
greatest sight in the world: the millions of stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way. Hundreds of
thousands of people have never seen it in their lives.
However, it is not difficult to do a few things to reduce light pollution: we can all turn lights
off when we don’t need them and we can cover our windows with curtains. If there is less light
pollution, we will once again be able to enjoy the beauty of the night sky.
1．The lights were turned off in Geneva on 26 September ________.
A．because people there couldn’t sleep well.
B．so that people could go out of their houses.
C．to make it easier for people to see the stars.
D．because there was a problem with the electricity.
2．Why is light pollution bad for some birds
A．They never sleep. B．They can’t find food.
C．They get lost more easily. D．They lose the sense of hearing.
3．What does the writer of the article think
A．People today should learn more about the past.
B．It is a pit that people today can’t enjoy the night sky.
C．A hundred thousand people have never seen the stars.
D．There aren’t many things we can do to stop light pollution.
4．What’s the best title for the article
A．One city turns off its lights. B．Some birds are facing danger.
C．The ways to reduce light pollution. D．The reason for enjoying the night sky.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A
【难度】0.85
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文讲述了瑞士日内瓦熄灯助市民观星，因光污染常阻碍观星。光污染让夜晚不黑，
危害动物与人类，影响睡眠、导航等，还使人难赏星空。但减少光污染不难，如及时关灯、
拉窗帘，就能重赏夜空。
1．细节理解题。根据“but this time the lights were tuned off to allow people to go outside and look
at the stars.”可知，日内瓦关灯是为了让人们外出观星，故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Birds that fly to warmer countries in the autumn need to see the moon and
stars to find their way, but light pollution makes this difficult.”可知，候鸟依赖月亮和星星导航，
但光污染使它们难以辨别方向，导致更容易迷路，故选 C。
3．推理判断题。根据“we don’t see the same sky...in their lives.”可知，作者认为现在人们看不
到美丽星空很可惜，故选 B。
4．最佳标题题。文章开篇以日内瓦熄灯观星引出光污染话题，接着阐述光污染危害及减少
措施，核心围绕日内瓦熄灯这一事件展开，“一座城市熄灯”是最佳标题，故选 A。
【提升试题】
A
A recent study found that Chinese people are going to bed later than before. The average
(平均的) bedtime in February 2025 was 12:18 am, which is 17 minutes later than last year. The
study, done by the Chinese Sleep Research Society (CSRS), asked over 150,000 people who used
smart watches or other health devices (设备).
The results showed that 80% of college students sleep after midnight. One in four stays up
until 2am, and 33% wake up after 9 am. Experts say smartphones are a big problem. Students who
use phones more often go to bed later.
“Good sleep is as important as eating well and exercising,” said Professor Huang Zhili from
Fudan University. He added that more young people are having trouble sleeping. Many young
people talk about “revenge bedtime procrastination” online. This means they stay up late even
when they are tired, because they feel they lose control of their time during the day.
The study also found that 65% of people have sleep problems at least once a week. These
problems include waking up early, not being able to sleep, or snoring (打鼾). Doctor Wang Zan
from Jilin University said good sleep is not just about how long you sleep. It also needs to be
regular and restful. She suggested keeping the bedroom cool and dark, listening to soft sounds,
and having a set bedtime.
Exercise can also help. People who exercise often have better sleep. Olympic gold medalist
Li Yuehong said: “Before big games, I go jogging. Sweating a little helps me relax and sleep
well.”
1．What time do most college students go to bed according to the survey
A．Before 11 pm. B．Between 11 pm and midnight.
C．After midnight. D．After 2 am.
2．What does “revenge bedtime procrastination” in the third paragraph mean in the article
A．Staying up late to get back time lost during the day.
B．Sleeping early to prepare for work.
C．Using phones to relax after exercise.
D．Forgetting to sleep because of games.
3．What is Professor Huang Zhili’s opinion about sleep
A．Staying up makes people tired.
B．Good sleep is as important as eating well and exercising.
C．Only old people need good sleep.
D．Smartphones help people sleep better.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．How to use smartphones properly.
B．Olympic athletes’ sleep habits.
C．The history of sleep research in China.
D．The reasons why Chinese young people stay up late.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】健康与运动、科普知识、青少年问题、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过数据与专家观点，呼吁关注睡眠健康，并提供了实用
解决方案。
1．细节理解题。根据“The results showed that 80% of college students sleep after midnight”可知，
调查中大学生午夜后才入睡，故选 C。
2．词句猜测题。根据“This means they stay up late even when they are tired, because they feel
they lose control of their time during the day.”可知，许多年轻人报复性熬夜是因为白天时间失
控，故选 A。
3．观点态度题。根据“Good sleep is as important as eating well and exercising,”可知，教授认
为睡好觉和吃饭运动一样重要，故选 B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文揭示了中国年轻人普遍熬夜的现象及其背后的原因，
同时提供了改善睡眠的科学建议。故选 D。
B
If you feel sad or upset, remember not to watch a happy movie. A sad movie may be more
suitable for you.
Some scientists at Ohio State University, the US, have found that sad movies can make
people happier. They published (出版) their study in a magazine called Communication Research.
Scientists asked 361 college students to watch a sad movie, Titanic. The movie tells a story
of two lovers, Jack and Rose. Because of an accident, their ship sank. To save Rose, Jack lost his
life. The 361 college students answered questions from the scientists before, after and three times
during the movie to find out their different feelings, including sadness.
According to the result of the survey, scientists found out that people felt better after
watching the sad movie. Scientists believed this was because the movie made them think about
their own lives and pared to those of the unlucky lovers in the movie, their lives
were full of hope.
“I want to live my life to the fullest, and this movie has made me think a lot.” one student
wrote.
Therefore, if you feel sad, go to see a sad movie. That will cause you to think more about
your own close relationships and value them more.
1．How many times did the students answer questions from the scientists
A．Three times. B．Four times. C．Five times. D．Six times.
2．What does the underlined word “those” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Lives. B．Stories. C．Friends. D．Feelings.
3．What is the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
4．What is the best title for this passage
A．Feeling Bad Be Full of Hope B．Feeling Sad Watch a Sad Movie
C．Feeling Lonely Find True Love D．Feeling Down Value Time More
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识、情绪、电影与戏剧、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家通过实验证明看一部悲伤的电影会更适合不
开心的人，因为它会让你珍惜当下你所拥有的。
1．细节理解题。根据“The 361 college students answered questions from the scientists before,
after and three times during the movie to find out their different feelings, including sadness.”可
知，361 名大学生在电影上映前、上映后和上映期间三次回答了科学家的问题，一共是五次。
故选 C。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Scientists believed this was because the movie made them think about their
own lives and pared to those of the unlucky lovers in the movie, their lives
were full of hope.”可知，与电影中那些不幸的恋人的生活相比，他们的生活充满了希望，故
此处 those 指代“生活”。故选 A。
3． 篇章结构题。根据全文可知，第一段引出话题——悲伤的电影会更适合不开心的人；第
二至第五段介绍了科学家关于这个话题做的研究以及结果；第六段进行总结。故选 A。
4． 最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了科学家通过实验证明看一部悲伤的电影会更适合不开心的
人，因为它会让你珍惜当下你所拥有的，所以 B 选项“感到难过吗？看一部悲伤的电影”符合
题意。故选 B。
C
① Artificial intelligence (AI) is a kind of technology. It helps computers think, learn and
create in a way similar to humans. In the past years, many new AI apps and tools have been
developed.
②Dou bao and Deep Seek are two examples of AI chatbots (聊天机器人). You can talk
with them. You can ask them about a subject that you’re studying at school, or a part of history
that you’re interested in, or tips for good places to visit on holiday.
③Teachers can use these apps to make lesson plans for class, but they have other uses too,
like making people more creative. For example, AI can help make up characters and write stories.
④ There are also “text-to-image” AIs, like DALL-E and Mid journey. They can create
pictures for you according to your ideas. For example, you can ask them to make a photo or a
space dog eating cheese and having a picnic on the Moon, or a picture of the Mona Lisa as a Po
kemon (宠物小精灵), or a crayon (蜡笔) drawing of a goat playing football.
⑤“Text-to-music”AIs like Splash Pro and Stable Audio work in a similar way. They can
turn your ideas into music. You can ask the AI to make a fast pop song tot your gaming video, or a
slow and relaxing song to help you focus on (专注) homework.
⑥Creative AI technology is developing very quickly, but there are some concerns. Some
writers, artists and musicians are worried that these AIs are being “trained” using their work
without their permission (许可).
⑦There are also fears that AI could be used for bad reasons, like spreading false (虚假)
information or making songs that seem to be by famous musicians.
⑧One thing that’s important to know is that these AI tools are not designed (设计) for
young people to use alone. If you want to use them, make sure you do it with an adult.
1．Which of the following are examples of AI apps mentioned in the passage
A．Doubao, Splash Pro, Po kemon B．Deep Seek, Mid journey, Mona Lisa
C．DALL-E, Stable Audio, Deep Seek D．Chat GPT, Stable Audio, Doubao
2．What does the underlined word they refer to in Paragraph 3
A．Teachers B．Lesson plans
C．AI chatbots D．Mid journey and DALL-E
3．What is the main idea of this passage.
A．Different kinds of AI chatbots. B．How to use AI apps in life.
C．AI and young people. D．AI and worries of AI.
4．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage
A． B． C． D．
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】发明与创造、科普知识、科学技术、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人工智能技术，包括 AI 聊天机器人、“文本 - 图
像”“文本 - 音乐”等 AI 应用，同时提及该技术发展迅速但存在版权及被不良利用等担忧，
还强调年轻人使用需有成人陪伴。
1．细节理解题。根据“Dou bao and Deep Seek are two examples of AI chatbots”“There are also
‘text - to - image’ AIs, like DALL - E and Mid journey”“‘Text - to - music’ AIs like Splash Pro
and Stable Audio work in a similar way”可知，文中提到的 AI 应用例子有 Doubao、Deep Seek、
DALL - E、Mid journey、Splash Pro、Stable Audi。故选 C。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Teachers can use these apps to make lesson plans for class, but they have
other uses too”可知，这里的 they 指代的是前文提到的 these apps，也就是 AI chatbots。故选
C。
3．主旨大意题。根据“In the past years, many new AI apps and tools have been developed.”并通
读全文可知，文章前半部分介绍了不同类型的 AI 及其功能，后半部分提到了人们对 AI 的
担忧，所以主要讲的是 AI 以及对 AI 的担忧。故选 D。
4．篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍人工智能是一种能让计算机像人类一样思考、学习和创造
的技术，引出话题；第二、三段介绍 AI 聊天机器人及其用途；第四段介绍“文本转图像”AI；
第五段介绍“文本转音乐”AI；第六段指出创意 AI 技术发展迅速但存在担忧；第七段进一步
说明对 AI 被用于不良目的的担忧；第八段总结 AI 工具不适合年轻人单独使用。所以文章
是总分总结构，第一段总述，后面分别阐述不同类型 AI 及相关问题，最后总结，故选 B。
【拔高试题】
A
It’s that time of year when the sun shines warmly, trees get new leaves, and flowers come
out. However, for many people, the beauty of spring also brings sneezing (打喷嚏), sore skin, and
a running nose. Well, spring is the worst allergy (过敏) season.
This is to a large degree due to pollen (花粉). When winter ends, plants wake up and start
shooting pollen into the air. They can produce billions of these tiny pieces every spring. The
pieces get swept up by the wind and land everywhere. It’s like a big pollen party in the air!
The problem isn’t with pollen itself. This dust-like thing is produced by plants to reproduce
and isn’t meant to harm us. But why do some people have bad reactions to it It’s all because of
their immune (免疫) system. The immune system is like a group of soldiers, always ready to fight
against harmful things.
Sometimes, the immune system makes a mistake. It thinks pollen is harmful. When this
happens, it sends out chemicals (化学物质) that cause allergy, like coughing and sneezing. Why
do these allergies get worse First, pollen only comes in certain seasons, so the immune system
can hardly get used to it. Second, the pollen pieces are so small that they easily get into our body,
making the allergies worse.
________ . Scientists have studied this for a long time. They know genes (基因) play a
part. If parents have allergies, their children are more likely to have them. But exactly how do
genes lead to allergies There’s no clear answer. Environmental factors also matter. Many
scientists believe that growing up in an completely clean environment influences the immune
system. But how does this environment influence the start of an allergy No one can fully explain
it.
Most people with seasonal allergies develop them after reaching adulthood. These allergies
can change unexpectedly. In some cases, after years of having allergies, they suddenly disappear
one spring. But scientists still have no idea how or why this happens.
1．Why does the writer compare the immune system to soldiers in paragraph 3
A．To tell us how pollen brings bad effects to our body.
B．To show why pollen is harmful to the human body.
C．To explain the difference between soldiers and enemies.
D．To help readers understand how the immune system works.
2．What makes allergies worse
A．The immune system knows pollen well.
B．Pollen comes in certain seasons and has tiny pieces.
C．Chemicals cause coughing and sneezing.
D．The immune system is familiar with pollen.
3．Which of the following can be put in the ________
A．What causes allergies is only genes.
B．How allergies develop is still a mystery.
C．What scientists know about allergies matters a lot.
D．How the environment influences allergies is fully understood.
4．What is the best title for this passage
A．The Secrets of Spring Allergies. B．The Role of Pollen in Allergies.
C．The Work of the Immune System. D．The Seasonal Problem of Allergies.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文主要探讨春季过敏的复杂机制，同时指出科学界对其成因尚未完全破解。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s all because of their immune (免疫) system. The immune system
is like a group of soldiers, always ready to fight against harmful things.”可知，将免疫系统比作士
兵，旨在形象说明免疫系统的防御机制。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Why do these allergies get worse First, pollen only comes in certain
seasons, so the immune system can hardly get used to it. Second, the pollen pieces are so small
that they easily get into our body, making the allergies worse.”可知，过敏加重的两个原因：花
粉季节性出现导致免疫系统难以适应和粉颗粒微小易侵入人体。故选 B。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Scientists have studied this for a long time. They know genes (基因)
play a part...No one can fully explain it.”可知，本段提到了基因的作用尚不明确、环境因素未
被完全解释，强调过敏成因的未知性。选项 B“过敏如何发展仍是谜”精准概括段落核心。故
选 B。
4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕春季过敏的成因 (花粉、免疫系统误判)、未解之
谜 (基因与环境) 及症状展开，突出其“秘密性”，故选项 A“春季过敏的秘密”为最佳标题。
故选 A。
B
“The Shu Road is difficult, even more difficult than climbing up to the blue sky,” Chinese
poet Li Bai once said. The Shu Road system, or shudao, was an ancient road to the Shu Kingdom,
which was separated from the Central Plains of China by many steep mountains.
The Shu Road has been an important link (联系) between the Changjiang River and Yellow
River culture for over 2,000 years.
For American scholar Hop Justman, the Shu Road is more than a path, it is a living history
book. In 2001, when she first walked on its ancient flagstones (石 板 ), Justman could picture
people from the past. She believes the old stones on the road can tell stories of long-ago times.
Every part of this road, Justman thinks, has a piece of history. It’s like a book that comes alive.
Since then, she has visited the “greatest road in China” many times.
In 2007, Justman published Guide to Hiking China’s Old Road to Shu in the US and
created a website about the Shu Road system. In the book, she praises China for protecting the
natural environment of the Shu Road system. At the same time, she describes her experiences of
enjoying traditional buildings, cultural sites and local customs along the road. For. Justman, the
biggest challenge of writing her book was locating the ancient Shu Road itself. With the help of
the locals, she finally found a part of the road.
Justman believed that her book would introduce western readers to the existence (存在) of
many original flagstone parts of this ancient road system and help them in finding and hiking
them. “I hope my book will encourage more people to hike the ancient Shu Road and experience
Chinese culture firsthand,” she said.
According to Justman, it is cheerful to see the great efforts made to protect the road system.
For example, damaged flagstones have been repaired, and benches have been added in places of
interest, making the old road system much easier to reach and fun for hikers.
1．Why does the writer mention Li Bai’s poem in paragraph 1
A．To prove the exact location of the Shu Road.
B．To explain Li Bai’s deep love for the Shu Road.
C．To introduce Chinese poet Li Bai to foreigners.
D．To show the difficulty of climbing the Shu Road.
2．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about__________.
A．the importance of the Shu Road B．Justman’s idea about the Shu Road
C．the long history of the Shu Road D．Justman’s first trip to the Shu Road
3．What does the underlined word “firsthand” probably mean
A．For themselves. B．To themselves.
C．With themselves. D．About themselves.
4．What can we know about Justman’s book Guide to Hiking China’s Old Road to Shu
A．It focuses on the history of the Shu Kingdom.
B．It describes local customs along the Shu Road.
C．It teaches readers how to repair damaged flagstones.
D．It discusses how Justman found the whole Shu Road.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】中华文化、说明文
【导语】本文主要讲述了蜀道的相关情况。蜀道是连接长江文化和黄河文化的重要通道，已
有两千多年历史。美国学者 Hop Justman 认为蜀道是一本鲜活的历史书，她出版了关于蜀道
徒步旅行的指南，描述了沿途传统建筑、文化遗址和当地风俗等，还提到了保护蜀道所做的
努力，希望更多人来徒步体验中国文化。
1．细节理解题。根据“‘The Shu Road is difficult, even more difficult than climbing up to the blue
sky,’ Chinese poet Li Bai once said.”可知，第一段引用李白诗句“蜀道之难，难于上青天”，紧
接着介绍蜀道被群山阻隔，目的是表明攀登蜀道的艰难。故选 D。
2．主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段围绕 Justman 对蜀道的看法展开，说她认为蜀道
是有生命的历史书等，B 选项“Justman 对蜀道的看法”符合题意。故选 B。
3．词句猜测题。根据“I hope my book will encourage more people to hike the ancient Shu Road”
可知，此处说的是希望能鼓励更多人徒步古老的蜀道，亲身体验中国文化，由此可知 firsthand
意思是“亲自；亲身”。故选 A。
4．细节理解题。根据“At the same time, she describes her experiences of enjoying traditional
buildings, cultural sites and local customs along the road.”可知，它描述了蜀道沿途的当地风俗。
故选 B。
C
On average, firefighters get a fire call every 24 seconds in the US. Every 87 seconds, a
home fire happens. Just between January lst, 2019 and January 1st, 2024, there were 11,180 home
fire deaths in the country. But the best escape time for a fire is just three minutes or less. So
everyone should pay attention to fire safety at home.
To avoid starting a fire, we must know common causes. Cooking tools are the number one
cause of home fires. Be especially careful when using them. Never leave the kitchen while
cooking and make sure the tools are completely off after cooking. Electrical appliances (电器) can
lead to a fire, so check them often to make sure they are working properly. Smoking is another
common cause of home fires. It’s never a good idea to smoke indoors, so take a few steps to go
out. Last, don’t forget little kids. They usually find fire exciting and think of fire as a toy. So keep
them away from fire and teach them about dangers of fire. How can we prevent home fires The
following tips may help.
Get smoke alarms.
The first step is to install (安装) enough smoke alarms through your home. Get one in every
room.
Prepare fire extinguishers (灭火器).
Keep fire extinguishers available at home. They can put out small fires. Check them often
to make sure they work properly.
Create a plan for escape.
A good plan should start with two escape ways from every room. Then know how fast your
family can run, tell kids when and how to get out, and make a house map with all doors and
windows. At last, choose a meeting place outside. And don’t forget to practise it often with every
family member.
You might think that these fire safety tips are common sense. However, it’s difficult to
think of them especially when you’re in a life-and-death moment. Take action with the tips and
never take fire safety lightly at home.
1．Which is NOT the cause of the most home fires
A．Cooking tools. B．Electrical appliances.
C．Smoking indoors. D．Building materials.
2．According to the passage, what should people do to prevent home fires
①Get home alarms. ②Prepare fire extinguishers. ③Call 119 at once. ④Create a plan for
escape.
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④
3．For a good escape plan,what should people do in Step 4
CREATE AND PRACTICE A HOME FIRE ESCAPE PLAN
A．Talk with every family member
B．Teach family members how to call 119
C．Make a house map with all doors and windows
D．Think about special needs for older family members
4．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To introduce the causes of home fires.
B．To teach people how to stop home fires.
C．To teach people how to escape from fires.
D．To make people realise the fire safety at home.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】安全守则、自我保护、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了家庭火灾的常见原因以及如何预防家庭火灾。
1．细节理解题。根据“Cooking tools are the number one cause of home fires.”、“Electrical
appliances (电器) can lead to a fire,”和“Smoking is another common cause of home fires.”可知，
建筑材料不是家庭火灾的主要原因。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据“The first step is to install (安装) enough smoke alarms through your
home.”、“Keep fire extinguishers available at home.”和“Create a plan for escape.”可知，预防家
庭火灾的措施包括安装烟雾报警器、准备灭火器和制定逃生计划。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据“Then know how fast your family can run, tell kids when and how to get out,
and make a house map with all doors and windows.”可知，制定一个好的逃生计划的第四步是
制作一张包含所有门窗的房屋地图。故选 C。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是“So everyone should pay attention to fire safety at home.”
可推知，文章的目的是让人们意识到家庭消防安全的重要性。故选 D。
