（3）Unit 3 The world online—高一英语牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册期末易错题集训（含解析）

（3）Unit 3 The world online—高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
1. with复合结构的其他形式
①with+名词/代词+形容词
②with＋名词/代词＋副词
③with＋名词/代词＋介词短语
④with+名词/代词+动词不定式
⑤with+名词/代词+现在分词
I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
因为妈妈生病，我无法去度假。
I can't go out with all these clothes to wash.
要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。
2. 引导让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句以-ever结尾的词语，如 whatever，whoever，however，whenever，wherever等，它们的意思与 no matter what， no matter who， no matter how， no matter when，no matter where等相同，意为“无论什么”“无论是谁”“无论多么”“无论什么时候”“无论什么地方”等。
Whatever (No matter what) you say, I believe you.
无论你说什么，我都相信你。
Whoever (No matter who) telephones, tell them I'm out.
不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。
However (No matter how) much he eats, he never gets fat.
无论他吃多少，他都不发胖。
Whenever (No matter when) we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
每当我们遇到困难时，他们总来帮助我们。
注意：“疑问词+ever”可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，“no matter十疑问词”只可以引导让步状语从句。
I don't believe in letting children do whatever they like.
我不赞成让孩子为所欲为。
二、语法填空
1. From then on, I walked to school with my head _________ (hold) high and back straight.
2. ________________ these requirements in mind, I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved.
3. ______ advice I give him, he always behaves in his own way. I simply can’t do anything with him.
4. When it comes to his poor eyesight, he spends every evening in the study with his eyes ______ (glue) to the screen.
5. With just 700 metres_________ (go), Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead.
6. Personally, I think this is a touching book that everyone should read, ______ their age is.
7. _____hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
8. With colorful lights ________(attach) to the windows, the house was ready for the festive atmosphere of the New Year’s Eve celebration.
9. ______ you travel, there is always something amazing for you to explore.
10. ______ way you look at it, the picture just looks like a big tree.
三、阅读理解
Bacteria (细菌) know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to settle through, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life.
Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exists such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction.
Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about
In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 – 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. “Having said that, there is a possibility that if you use a sponge to wipe up raw meat that you could have some of those disease-causing bacteria on there, and studies have found that those bacteria can be separated from kitchen sponges.”
This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case.
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen.
B. Bacteria prefer to live in dry environments.
C. Kitchen sponges are good homes for bacteria.
D. Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance.
2.What did Lingchong You find in his study
A. How sponges are exactly structured. B. What encourages bacterial growth.
C. How bacteria react to the environment. D. Why bacteria keep company with each other.
3.What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges
A. Relatively harmless. B. Poorly adaptive,
C. Surprisingly unpleasant. D. Widely distributed.
4.What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph
A. Proofs of bacterial threat. B. The classification of bacteria.
C. Methods to control bacterial growth. D. Research into applications of bacteria.
四、七选五
The Secrets of Longevity Villages
As the 2024 Spring Festival Gala song Waiting for You in the Hometown of Longevity (长寿) went hot, people began to explore the longevity. The song paints a poetic picture of Hezhou, Guangxi — a city known for its high percentage of 100-year-old seniors. While appreciating it, audiences can find the secrets of Hezhou.
Physical activities
Regular physical activity is an important part of village life. Nearly 80-year-old grandmas make shoes and grandpas seed the field. Moreover, mountain trails (小径) serve as natural gyms for daily hikes. They are exercising in a daily and easy way by having their agricultural activities done at the same time. ①_________ .
A healthy diet
The long-lived population consume a fiber-rich diet with “five low, two high” characteristics, namely, low fat, low animal protein, low calories, low salt, and low sugar content and high vitamin and high fiber intake. In Hezhou, the fascinating thing is that they eat vegetables as part of all three meals, even breakfast. ②_________ . Their food groups associated with long life are fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds, and fish.
Eco-friendly environment
③_________ . It has a mild climate, with sufficient sunlight and abundant rainfall. With green mountains, clear water, clean air and rich soil, one can frequently meet 100-year old seniors in Hezhou.
④_________
A variety of festivals and activities are often held there, bringing villagers together. For example, the annual “Longevity Festival” shows respect for the old, which makes social bonds stronger. Each senior can receive money monthly from the local government. ⑤_________ . The care shown to the elderly in Hezhou may be the real secret to their long lifespans.
A. Social care and connection
B. These are the proofs of the saying “Long life lies in exercise”
C. Festivals for the old
D. The longevity code of Hezhou is hidden in a healthy natural environment
E. In such a good elderly-friendly environment, seniors here live happy and healthy lives
F. Without pollution, people here can enjoy a green life and live longer than others
G. They eat a lot of fruits, nuts, and beans as well
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:从那时起，我昂首挺胸走路上学。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构其中的动词为非谓语形式，head和hold为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填held。
2.答案：with
解析：with these requirements in mind是“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的结构，在句中作状语，表示“牢记这些要求”。
3.答案：Whatever/hatever
解析：考查让步状语从句。句意:无论我给他什么建议，他总是按照自己的方式行事。我对他简直束手无策。根据句意的需要可知，此处应该填入表示“无论什么”的引导词，即whatever，它作定语修饰advice，故填whatever。
4.答案：glued
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：说到他的视力不好，他每天晚上都在书房里盯着屏幕。动词glue意为“全神贯注于；专注于”，作with复合结构中宾语补足语，应用非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语his eyes之间是被动关系，应用用过去分词，表被动。故填glued。
5.答案：to go
解析：根据题干要求，本题需要表达“只剩下700米要走，Alistair Brownlee名列第三，他的弟弟Jonny处于领先”这一语义。此题考查with的复合结构，with+宾语+宾补，此处用不定式作宾补表示将来要做的事。因此本题答案是“to go”。
6.答案：whatever
解析：句意为:就我个人而言,我认为这是一本感人的书,无论年龄大小,每个人都应该阅读。分析句子可知,此处引导让步状语从句,从句中缺少表语,结合句意可知,此处表示“无论什么年龄/无论年龄大小”,故填whatever。
7.答案：However
解析：考查状语从句。句意为：不减少进食，无论你怎么努力，要减肥都是困难的。however(=no matter how)无论怎么，后跟形容词或副词，引导让步状语从句。故填However。
8.答案：attached
解析：考查with复合结构:with+宾语+宾语补足语。此处动词attach(系上，贴上，连接)与名词lights是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填attached。
9.答案：Wherever
解析：句意为:不论你去哪里旅游,总有神奇的东西值得你去探索。设空处引导让步状语从句,表示“无论哪里”,应用 Wherever引导该从句。
10.答案：Whichever
解析：句意为:无论你以哪种方式看,这幅图都像是一棵大树。设空处引导让步状语从句,表示“无论哪个”,应用Whichever引导该从句。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段Bacteria (细菌) know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to settle through, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list.(细菌知道如何在地球上的各个地方顽强生存。不过，要是问它们最想在哪里定居，厨房海绵可能会高居榜首。)可知，大多数细菌它们真正想在哪里定居，厨房海绵可能会排在首位，事实证明，我们用来清洗盘子的这个温暖、潮湿且充满营养食物碎屑的工具，充满了微小的生命(细菌)。由此可知，厨房海绵是细菌的好家园。故选C。
2.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others.(他发现，海绵上那些大小各异的孔隙对于促进细菌生长至关重要。这一点很重要，因为某些细菌倾向于独立生长，而另一些则要求有同伴。)可知，LingchongYou发现不同大小孔隙的海绵对促进细菌生长起着重要作用，也就是他发现了什么能促进细菌生长。故选B。
3.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 – 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan.(2017年，食品安全领域的教授Jennifer Quinlan和她的同事们从100个家庭中收集了厨房海绵，发现这些海绵中只有1%到2%含有与人类食物中毒相关的细菌，而且确实含有有害细菌的海绵中，有害细菌的含量也很少。Quinlan说："海绵上绝大多数细菌不会致病，它们只是会让海绵产生异味。)可知，Quinlan认为海绵上绝大多数细菌不会引发疾病，只有极少数海绵含有与人类食物中毒有关的细菌，而且这些细菌的含量也很少，所以她认为海绵上的细菌相对无害。故选A。
4.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case.(事情还不止如此。如果危险的细菌碰巧来到了海绵上，海绵特殊的构造会使它成为这些细菌生长和繁殖的理想场所。而且有证据表明情况确实如此。)可知，由于最后一段提到有证据表明危险细菌会在海绵上生长繁殖，所以接下来很可能会讨论细菌威胁的证据具体是什么。故选A。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤BGDAE
解析：①设空前的内容都体现长寿与运动相关，是生命在于运动的证据。B项(这些就是“生命在于运动”这一说法的证据)符合语境，故选B。
②此题设空在段中。本段小标题是保持健康的饮食，段内阐述了具体食物。从一日三餐均有蔬菜，到也(as well)吃水果、坚果和豆类，再到与长寿相关的食物类别。G项衔接上下文，符合语境，故选G。
③此题设空在句首，考查本段主旨句。本段小标题是友好的生态环境，空后提到“a mild climate”和“green mountains, clear water, clean air and rich soil”,都支撑D项(贺州的长寿密码隐藏在良好的生态环境之中),故选D。
④此题设空是小标题，小标题统领本段。段内的“makes social bonds stronger”和“The care shown to the elderly”体现了老人融入社交圈并被关心关注，故选A。C项为本题干扰项，与段内的“festivals and activities”有映射，但概括不全面。
⑤此题为段中句，空前讲节日和活动将老人融入社交圈，政府每月发放老人津贴，营造了对老人友善的氛围(such a good elderly-friendly environment),E项符合语境，故选E。